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the mancozeb-containing carbamate fungicide tattoo induces mild oxidative stress in goldfish brain, liver, and kidney.tattoo belongs to the group of carbamate fungicides and contains mancozeb (ethylene(bis)dithiocarbamate) as its main constituent. the toxicity of mancozeb to living organisms, particularly fish, is not resolved. this work investigated the effects of 96 h of exposure to 3, 5, or 10 mg l(-1) of tattoo (corresponding to 0.9, 1.5, or 3 mg l(-1) of mancozeb) on the levels of oxidative stress markers and the antioxidant enzyme system of brain, liver, and kidney of goldfish, carassius auratus). in live ...201423436297
interaction of 17β-estradiol and ketoconazole on endocrine function in goldfish (carassius auratus).an understanding of the effects of toxic mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) on aquatic organisms is challenging as these organisms are exposed to multiple classes of contaminants in their natural habitat. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the interactions of two classes of edcs, 17β-estradiol (e2) and ketoconazole (ktc), on endocrine function in male goldfish (carassius auratus), including vitellogenesis, metabolic capability and serum steroid synthesis. changes in vite ...201323434491
single and combined effects of estrone and 17β-estradiol on male goldfish.to assess the single and combined effects of estrone (e1) and 17β-estradiol (e2) on goldfish (carassius auratus).201323425800
effects of taurine on cadmium exposure in muscle, gill, and bone tissues of carassius auratus.this study was performed in order to investigate the effects of taurine on cadmium poisoning in muscle, gill, and bone tissues of wild goldfish. for this experiment, 80 wild goldfish were divided into four experimental groups: 0.3 mg/l of cadmium and 0 mg/l of taurine (group i), 0.3 mg/l of cadmium and 20 mg/kg of taurine (group ii), 0.3 mg/l of cadmium and 40 mg/l of taurine (group iii), and 0.3 mg/l of cadmium and 80 mg/l of taurine (group iv). the results were as follows: the cadmium concentr ...201323423777
feeding and swimming modulate iono-and-hormonal regulation differently in goldfish, carassius auratus and common carp, cyprinus carpio.feeding and swimming can influence ion balance in fish. therefore we investigated their impact on ionoregulation and its hormonal control in goldfish and common carp. as expected due to the osmorespiratory compromise, exhaustive swimming induced increases in gill na(+)/k(+) atpase (nka) activity in both species, resulting in stable levels of plasma ions. in contrast to our expectations, this only occurred in fed fish and feeding itself increased nka activity, especially in carp. fasting fish wer ...201323422918
regulation of nodularin-induced apoptosis by epigallocatechin-3-gallate on fish lymphocytes in vitro.nodularin is one of the most conspicuous and widespread pollutants that elicit water ecological hazards to fish, causing serious damage on the immune system and physiological functions. nodularin can cause oxidative stress-induced apoptosis on fish lymphocytes. the regulatory effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) at 10, 100, and 1000 μg/l levels on the antioxidant defense system and apoptosis of carassius auratus lymphocytes exposed to a high dose of nodularin (100 μg/l) were quantified i ...201323403155
regulation of amino acid metabolism as a defensive strategy in the brain of three freshwater teleosts in response to high environmental ammonia exposure.many teleosts have evolved mechanisms to cope with ammonia toxicity in the brain when confronted with high environmental ammonia (hea). in the present study, the possible role of conversion of accumulated ammonia to glutamine and other free amino acids in the brain of three freshwater teleosts differing in their sensitivities to ammonia was investigated. the detoxification mode of ammonia in brain is suggested to be through amination of glutamate to glutamine by the coupled activities of glutama ...201323384996
three actinosporean types (myxozoa) from the oligochaete branchiura sowerbyi in china.three actinosporean types--raabeia, aurantiactinomyxon, and guyenotia--from the oligochaete branchiura sowerbyi beddard collected from a crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) pond are described in this report. compared with the actinospores described previously, the raabeia type presents similar spore shape with the actinospore of myxobolus cultus, except a much longer caudal process, 250.8 μm (217.5-276.3). the aurantiactinomyxon and guyenotia type significantly differ from other actinospore ...201323377120
goldfish (carassius auratus l.) possess natural antibodies with trypanocidal activity towards trypanosoma carassii in vitro.natural infection of cyprinids, such as carp, with the extracellular protozoan parasite trypanosoma carassii can attain up to 100% prevalence and cause significant host morbidity and mortality, particularly in aquaculture settings. host recovery from t. carassii infection has been shown to be antibody (immunoglobulin m; igm)-mediated, conferring long-term immunity in recovered animals upon challenge. to assess the role of igm in parasite clearance in the goldfish, igm was purified by peg-6000 pr ...201323333358
ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (ocrh) exerts an anxiogenic-like action in the goldfish, carassius auratus.corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) is a member of the hypothalamic neuropeptide family that includes urocortins, urotensin i and sauvagine in vertebrates. crh and urocortin act as anorexigenic factors for satiety regulation in rodents. in a goldfish model, intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of ovine crh (ocrh) affects not only food intake, but also locomotor activity. however, there is no information regarding the psychophysiological roles of crh in goldfish. therefore, we investiga ...201323321398
secretory expression and characterization of the recombinant myofibril-bound serine proteinase of crucian carp (carassius auratus) in pichia pastoris.the myofibril-bound serine proteinase (mbsp) is effective in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins, including myosin heavy chain (mhc), α-actinin, actin, and tropomyosin and was thus regarded as an important proteinase responsible for the metabolism of fish muscle in vivo. in order to better understand the characteristic differences between native mbsp and recombinant mbsp (rmbsp) and to obtain large quantity of mbsp for its application in protein science study, the crucian carp mbsp gene was ...201323313743
the expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and chondroitin sulfate during pectoral fin regeneration in carassius auratus gibelio: a combined histochemical and immunohistochemical study.dermal bone is an important component of the teleost fins, and its ability to regenerate after fin amputation appears to be unlimited. the organic bone matrix contain type i collagen fibers, proteoglycans enriched in chondroitin sulfate, and noncollagenous matrix protein such as osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteonectin. these molecules are synthesized by fin osteoblasts. inorganic components chiefly consist of calcium and phosphate that form crystals of hydroxyapatite. fin rays are described as ...201323302437
dna barcoding common non-native freshwater fish species in turkey: low genetic diversity but high population structuring.negative impacts of introduced non-native freshwater species on native species have been increasingly recognized in the world as well as in turkey. however, there has been relatively little attention on genetic characterization of alien freshwater fishes in their non-native distribution range and virtually no study has been conducted in turkey despite its crucial importance in invasion biology. the purpose of this study was to elucidate genetic diversity of common non-native freshwater fish spec ...201323298166
goldfish can recover after short-term exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate: use of blood parameters as vital biomarkers.this study investigated the effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), a widely used herbicide, on the metabolism of goldfish, carassius auratus, using only vital (non-lethal) approaches. after 96 h exposure to 1, 10 or 100 mg/l of 2,4-d selected hematological (total hemoglobin and hematocrit) and biochemical (glucose content, aspartate transaminase and acetylcholinesterase activities) parameters were unchanged in blood of exposed fish. at 100 mg/l of 2,4-d lymphocyte numbers decreased b ...201323291397
cardiac k(atp) channel alterations associated with acclimation to hypoxia in goldfish (carassius auratus l.).goldfish (carassius auratus l.) are highly tolerant of environmental hypoxia, and with appropriate acclimation may survive and remain active for several days in the complete absence of oxygen. previous work suggests that the hypoxia-induced activation of cardiac atp-sensitive potassium (katp) channels serves to increase tolerance of low oxygen in many species. for goldfish, we have previously characterized a nitric oxide (no)- and cgmp-dependent pathway by which this channel activation occurs in ...201323291308
the effects of caudal fin amputation on metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in juveniles of three cyprinid fish species with different metabolic modes.metabolic competitive modes between digestion and locomotion are classified into three categories, termed the additive, digestion- and locomotion-priority modes. in nature, the caudal fin is frequently observed to sustain damage as a result of social rank, predation or disease. to test whether the metabolic mode changed differently for fish with different metabolic mode after caudal fin amputation as a consequence of intensified energy competition, we investigated the swimming performance of fas ...201323269108
the contribution of the lateral line to 'hearing' in fish.in the underwater environment, sound propagates both as a pressure wave and as particle displacement, with particle displacement dominating close to the source (the nearfield). at the receptor level, both the fish ear and the neuromast hair cells act as displacement detectors and both are potentially stimulated by the particle motion component of sound sources, especially in the nearfield. a now common way to test 'hearing' in fish involves auditory evoked potentials (aeps), with recordings made ...201323264489
effect of orally administered azadirachtin on non-specific immune parameters of goldfish carassius auratus (linn. 1758) and resistance against aeromonas hydrophila.modulation of the immune responses using active bio-ingredients as a possible prophylaxis measure has been novel prospect for aquaculture. the present study evaluated the effects of azadirachtin ec 25% on non-specific immune responses in goldfish carassius auratus and resistance against pathogenic bacteria aeromonas hydrophila. the experimental trial for effects of azadirachtin on immuno-haematoloical parameters in goldfish was conducted by feeding the various levels of azadirachtin as control t ...201323261511
the physiology of fish behaviour: a selective review of developments over the past 40 years(§).during the past 40 years many new techniques have emerged that have been pivotal in furthering understanding of the physiology of fish behaviour. behavioural studies have been enhanced by video recording systems and software for computerized event recording analysis, fine scale anatomical studies by fluorescence confocal microscopy, neurophysiological studies by visualisation and neuroendocrinology with techniques for identifying, localizing and quantifying many neurochemicals within the central ...201223252730
the effects of amphetamine injections on feeding behavior and the brain expression of orexin, cart, tyrosine hydroxylase (th) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (trh) in goldfish (carassius auratus).in this study, the effects of peripheral (intraperitoneal) injections of d-amphetamine on feeding behavior were assessed in goldfish. compared with the saline-injected group, amphetamine injections decreased food intake at doses ranging from 1 to 75 μg/g, but not 0.5 μg/g, but increased locomotor behavior, as indicated by the increased number of total feeding and non-feeding acts, at doses ranging from 2.5 to 25 μg/g. amphetamine at high doses inhibited both food intake (at 25, 50 and 75 μg/g) a ...201323229307
[toxicity and tissue accumulation of nonylphenol in carassius auratus red variety, grass carp and sliver carp].to understand the toxicity of nonylphenol on different fish species.201223213694
formation of biogenic amines in crucian carp (carassius auratus) during storage in ice and at 4°c.the formation of eight biogenic amines (bas), total volatile base nitrogen (tvb-n), aerobic plate counts (apc), and sensory evaluation in crucian carp (carassius auratus) during storage in ice and at 4°c were investigated. the sum of contents of all eight biogenic amines (sba) in crucian carp increased from 49.82 to 197.09 mg/kg on day 36 when stored in ice and from 49.82 to 219.35 mg/kg on day 24 when stored at 4°c. tvb-n content increased with storage time; good relationships between tvb-n con ...201223212022
evidences for the regulation of gnrh and gth expression by gnih in the goldfish, carassius auratus.gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone (gnih) plays an important role in regulating of reproduction in teleosts. to clarify the mode of action of gnih on the synthesis of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) and gonadotrophin (gth), three gnihr cdnas were cloned from the goldfish brain. in situ hybridization results showed that gnihrs were localized to the hypothalamus and pituitary. in the hypothalamus, gnihrs were found in the npp, npo and nlt, whereas sgnrh neurons were reported to be located, and ...201323201092
characterization of three nod-like receptors and their role in antimicrobial responses of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) macrophages to aeromonas salmonicida and mycobacterium marinum.the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins nod1, nod2 and nlrx1 are cytoplasmic pathogen recognition receptors (prrs) of the nod-like receptor (nlr) family. in this report, goldfish nod1 (gfnod1), nod2 (gfnod2) and nlrx1 (gfnlrx1) genes were cloned and characterized. the full length of gfnod1, gfnod2 and gfnlrx1 were 3234bp, 3129bp and 4900bp, encoding 937, 982 and 1008 amino acids, respectively. the three nod-like receptors have a nacht domain and c-terminal leucine rich repeat (lrr ...201323194927
bilateral efferents from nucleus isthmi to the optic tectum in goldfish (carassius auratus) are spatially restricted.the projection from nucleus isthmi (ni) to the optic tectum (ot) was investigated in the goldfish, carassius auratus, by retrograde transport of biocytin applied at various sites in a tectal lobe. in previous studies, this projection is described as predominantly from the ipsilateral ni and maps topographically along the approximate rostrocaudal axis of both brain areas. however, the rostromedial tectal lobe, the tectal region representing the binocular visual field, receives afferents from both ...201323178473
identification of anti-viral cytotoxic effector cells in the ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.previous studies have suggested that anti-viral cytotoxic effector cells induced by infection with a sublethal dose of crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv) correspond to mammalian cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctls), because the mrna expression patterns of the effector cells are similar to those of mammalian ctls. to further characterize the effector population in cell-mediated cytotoxic (cmc) activity, we isolated the effector cells using an anti-cd8α monoclonal antibody, a density gradi ...201323178409
differential responses in ammonia excretion, sodium fluxes and gill permeability explain different sensitivities to acute high environmental ammonia in three freshwater teleosts.we examined the acute physiological responses to high environmental ammonia (hea), particularly the linkages between branchial ammonia fluxes and unidirectional na(+) fluxes, as well as urea excretion, cortisol, and indicators of gill permeability in three freshwater teleosts differing in their sensitivities to ammonia; the highly sensitive salmonid oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less sensitive cyprinid cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly resistant cyprinid carassius auratus ( ...201323143040
dietary aloe vera components' effects on cholesterol lowering and estrogenic responses in juvenile goldfish, carassius auratus.aloes are now considered a very interesting source of bioactive compounds among which phytosterols should play a major role. the present study is an attempt to investigate the hypocholesterolemic activity of aloe vera associated with its impact on the reproductive status of juvenile goldfish. therefore, the short- and long-term effects of feeding supplementary diet containing aloe components (20 mg aloe/g diet; 2%) on plasma lipids, plasma vitellogenin, and hepatic estrogen receptor α/β1 mrna le ...201323135154
development and validation of a real-time pcr assay for the detection of aeromonas salmonicida.a real-time pcr assay using a molecular beacon was developed and validated to detect the vapa (surface array protein) gene in the fish pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida. the assay had 100% analytical specificity and analytical sensitivities of 5 ± 0 fg (dna), 2.2 × 10(4) ± 1 × 10(4) cfu g(-1) (without enrichment) and 40 ± 10 cfu g(-1) (with enrichment) in kidney tissue. the assay was highly repeatable and proved to be robust following equivalency testing using a different real-time pcr platform. f ...201323121198
high male incidence and evolutionary implications of triploid form in northeast asia carassius auratus complex.carassius auratus complex is believed to originate from east eurasia and consist of diploid and triploid forms. diploid form reproduces sexually, whereas triploid form possesses mixture modes of unisexual gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, which makes it a unique case to study evolutionary issues among vertebrates. in this study, we identified 337 triploid individuals from 386 specimens of carassius auratus complex sampled from 4 different sites of xingkai lake and suifen river on the northeas ...201323099150
effect of azadirachtin on haematological and biochemical parameters of argulus-infested goldfish carassius auratus (linn. 1758).argulosis hampers aquaculture production and alters the host physiology and growth. azadirachtin is recognized as a potential antiparasitic agent against argulus sp. the present study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentration of azadirachtin solution on haematological and serum biochemical parameters of argulus-infested goldfish carassius auratus. ninety argulus-infested goldfish were randomly divided into six equal groups. fish of group 1-5 were treated with azadirachtin soluti ...201323090629
direct antibacterial activity of cd8+/cd4+ t-cells in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.cytotoxic t cells (ctls) constitute an important component of the specific effector mechanism in killing against microbial-infected or transformed cells. in addition to these activities, recent studies in mammals have suggested that ctls can exhibit direct antimicrobial activity. therefore, the present investigation was conducted to find out the microbicidal activity of cd8α(+) t cells of ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. the cd8α(+) t cells from immunised ginbuna exhibited th ...201323089524
effect of cyanobacteria on immune function of crucian carp (carassius auratus) via chronic exposure in diet.cyanobacterial blooms caused by water eutrophication have become a worldwide problem. microcystins (mcs) released during cyanobacterial blooms exert toxicity on fish. up to now, immunotoxicity of mcs on fish has been rarely reported. the present study investigated immune response of crucian carp (carassius auratus) to cyanobacteria via chronic exposure in diet. fish were fed with diets containing 20% (low dose group) and 40% (high dose group) of cyanobacteria lyophilized powder. after exposure o ...201323063483
toxicity assessment on three direct dyes (d-bll, d-gln, d-3rnl) using oxidative stress bioassay and quantum parameter calculation.textile dyes and dye industrial effluents are widely known for esthetic and toxicity problems. the toxicity of three direct dyes, direct blending rebine (d-bll), direct blending scarlet (d-gln), and direct blending yellow (d-3rnl), were examined by the antioxidase and lipid peroxide index. fish (carassius auratus) were exposed to 100mg/l test compounds or injected with 200μg/kg corresponding dyes, and then samples of liver were collected at different times (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, 17 and 22d ) ...201223062468
contamination by metals and pharmaceuticals in northern taihu lake (china) and its relation to integrated biomarker response in fish.taihu lake is the largest shallow freshwater lake in eastern china and is suffering not only from an increasingly serious threat of eutrophication but also potential ecological risk due to the input of emerging contaminants. active biomonitoring was conducted in taihu lake using transplanted goldfish (carassius auratus) to determine the contamination by pharmaceuticals and metals and to assess the potential ecological risk. a suite of biomarkers including acetylcholinesterase, ethoxyresorufin o- ...201323053787
application of fisk, an invasiveness screening tool for non-native freshwater fishes, in the murray-darling basin (southeastern australia).the fish invasiveness scoring kit (fisk) is currently one of the most popular pre-screening tools for freshwater fishes. a recent upgrade has ensured its wider climatic relevance to countries with subtropical regions. this enhancement is of particular importance to australia, which encompasses tropical, arid, and temperate zones, and where the introduction of non-native fish species poses a significant risk to biodiversity. in this study, 55 fish species previously evaluated in a u.k.-based cali ...201323051595
assessment of the health status of wild fish from the wheatley harbour area of concern, ontario, canada.the overall health and endocrine function of wild brown bullhead (ameiurus nebulosus) and goldfish (carassius auratus) from the wheatley harbour area of concern (lake erie, ontario, canada) was assessed using a suite of physiological and biochemical endpoints. smaller gonads were detected in female brown bullhead and goldfish from wheatley harbour compared with hillman marsh (ontario, canada) reference fish. female brown bullhead exhibited decreased in vitro synthesis of 17β-estradiol. female go ...201223027428
metal accumulation in fish from different zones of a large, shallow freshwater lake.metal (cd, pb, cr, ni, mn, cu, and zn) concentrations in different fish species sampled from two distinct (phytoplankton- and macrophyte-dominated) lake zones of a large, shallow freshwater lake, taihu lake, were investigated. concentrations of most metals in muscle of the small-sized fish (protosalanx hyalocranius, pseudorasbora parva, and rhodeus ocellatus) were always significantly higher than those of the large-sized (carassius auratus, cyprinus carpio, and aristichthys nobilis) and carnivor ...201223009814
sperm from pheromone primed brown trout (salmo trutta l.) produce more larvae.male goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to female hormonal pheromones express increased milt volumes and their sperm fertilize more eggs than sperm from unprimed males. ovulated salmonid females also release odours that increase volumes of strippable milt in males. it is, however, not known if the priming pheromones affect the ability of sperm to fertilize eggs in salmonids. in this study, we compare the proportion of larvae produced from in vitro fertilization tests between primed brown trout ...201322976196
sexual bipotentiality of behavior in male and female goldfish.it is known that in goldfish carassius auratus, a non-sex changing fish, prostaglandin (pg) treatment can induce female-typical sex behavior in males, and androgen treatment can induce male-typical sex behavior in females. these facts suggest that goldfish have a sexually bipotential brain even after attaining sexual maturity unlike mammals which have sexually differentiated brain. in the present study, in order to further characterize the brain function of goldfish, whether hormonal treatments ...201322974510
microbial diversity and potential pathogens in ornamental fish aquarium water.ornamental fishes are among the most popular and fastest growing categories of pets in the united states (u.s.). the global scope and scale of the ornamental fish trade and growing popularity of pet fish in the u.s. are strong indicators of the myriad economic and social benefits the pet industry provides. relatively little is known about the microbial communities associated with these ornamental fishes or the aquarium water in which they are transported and housed. using conventional molecular ...201222970112
oxidative stress responses in blood and gills of carassius auratus exposed to the mancozeb-containing carbamate fungicide tattoo.intensive use of pesticides, particularly dithiocarbamates, in agriculture often leads to contamination of freshwater ecosystems. to our knowledge, the mechanisms of toxicity to fish by the carbamate fungicide tattoo that contains mancozeb [ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate)] have not been studied. the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of tattoo on goldfish gills and blood, tissues that would have close early contact with the pollutant. exposure of goldfish carassius auratus to 3, 5 or 10mgl ...201222963715
apoptotic responses of carassius auratus lymphocytes to nodularin exposure in vitro.nodularin, a metabolite of nodularin spumigena, is widely detected in water blooms worldwide and causes serious negative effects on fish. the apoptosis-related cytotoxic effects and mechanisms of nodularin on carassius auratus lymphocytes were investigated. transmission electron microscopy results showed that nodularin-treated lymphocytes display a series of morphological changes, including condensed cytoplasm, nuclear chromatin agglutination and marginalization. dna fragmentation was verified b ...201222951228
structural and oxidative changes in the kidney of crucian carp induced by silicon-based quantum dots.silicon-based quantum dots were intraperitoneally injected in carassius auratus gibelio specimens and, over one week, the effects on renal tissue were investigated by following their distribution and histological effects, as well as antioxidative system modifications. after three and seven days, detached epithelial cells from the basal lamina, dilated tubules and debris in the lumen of tubules were observed. at day 7, nephrogenesis was noticed. the reduced glutathione (gsh) concentration decreas ...201222949855
shotgun lipidomics strategy for fast analysis of phospholipids in fisheries waste and its potential in species differentiation.an efficient shotgun lipidomics strategy was established and optimized for fast phospholipid profiling of viscera from three fish species: lateolabrax japonicas, ctenopharyngodon idellus, and carassius auratus. this strategy relies on direct infusion of total lipid extracts into a tandem mass spectrometer without additional separation of the individual molecular species. four classes of phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine (pc), phosphatidylethanolamine (pe), phosphatidylinositol (pi), a ...201222946708
upregulation of the β-form of 14-3-3 protein in telencephalon of goldfish (carassius auratus): its possible role in spatial learning.in the present study, we observed variations in the expression pattern of proteins isolated from the telencephalon of goldfish (carassius auratus). the expression of a 28 kda protein was elevated in the individuals trained in a spatial task when compared with the untrained individuals. the ∼28 kda protein was analyzed using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry; further, the data were analyzed using the mascot search engine. the analysis showed that the ∼28 kda protein is a β form of 14-3- ...201222922599
'who's who' in renal sphaerosporids (bivalvulida: myxozoa) from common carp, prussian carp and goldfish--molecular identification of cryptic species, blood stages and new members of sphaerospora sensu stricto.myxozoans are a group of diverse, spore-forming metazoan microparasites bound to aquatic environments. sphaerospora dykovae (previously s. renicola) causes renal sphaerosporosis and acute swim bladder inflammation (sbi) in juvenile cyprinus carpio carpio, in central europe. a morphologically similar species with comparably low pathogenicity, s. angulata has been described from c. c. carpio, carassius auratus auratus and carassius gibelio. to clarify uncertainties and ambiguities in taxon identif ...201322917178
an integrated assessment of estrogenic contamination and feminization risk in fish in taihu lake, china.an integrated approach, combining biological and chemical methods, was used to assess potential exposure to exogenous estrogens and their possible interference with the endocrine system of male goldfish (carassius auratus) in taihu lake. a suite of biomarkers in caged fish after in situ exposure for 28 days, coupled with six selected exogenous estrogens in water, were determined at eight biomonitoring stations. the compounds estrone, 17β-estradiol (e2), estriol, 17α-ethinylestradiol (ee2), bisph ...201222906715
assessment of antibacterial properties and the active ingredient of plant extracts and its effect on the performance of crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio var. e'erqisi, bloch).in this study, the antibacterial properties and active ingredient of plant extracts and its effect on the performance of crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio var. e'erqisi, bloch) were assessed.201322903651
effect of trichlorfon on hepatic lipid accumulation in crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio.this study evaluated the toxic effects of the organophosphate pesticide trichlorfon on hepatic lipid accumulation in crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio. seventy-five fish were divided into five groups (each group in triplicate), and then exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/l of trichlorfon and fed with commercial feed for 30 d. at the end of the experiment, plasma and hepatic lipid metabolic biochemical status were analyzed. triglyceride contents were significantly (p < 0.05) increased i ...201222897202
analysis of the immune response in infections of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) with mycobacterium marinum.the rapid doubling time and genetic relatedness of the fish pathogen mycobacterium marinum to mycobacterium tuberculosis has rendered the former an attractive model for investigating mycobacterial host-pathogen interactions. we employed the m. marinum-goldfish infection model to investigate the in vivo immune responses to this pathogen in the context of a natural host. histological analysis revealed mycobacterial infiltrates in goldfish kidney and spleen tissues, peaking 28 days post infections ...201222885635
fasting goldfish, carassius auratus, and common carp, cyprinus carpio, use different metabolic strategies when swimming.fish need to balance their energy use between digestion and other activities, and different metabolic compromises can be pursued. we examined the effects of fasting (7 days) on metabolic strategies in goldfish and common carp at different swimming levels. fasting had no significant effect on swimming performance (u(crit)) of either species. feeding and swimming profoundly elevated total ammonia (t(amm)) excretion in both species. in fed goldfish, this resulted in increased ammonia quotients (aq) ...201222884681
antiparasitic efficacy of piperine against argulus spp. on carassius auratus (linn. 1758): in vitro and in vivo study.argulus are common aquatic ectoparasites that create one of the major threats to aquaculture due to absence of suitable therapy. piperine, a bioactive component of piper longum, has medicinal properties and acts as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal, considering eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness. the present study aimed to evaluate antiparasitic effect of piperine against an ectoparasite argulus spp. on carassius auratus. artificial argulus infection was carried out by cohabi ...201222864920
antiprotozoal activity of medicinal plants against ichthyophthirius multifiliis in goldfish (carassius auratus).ichthyophthiriasis is a widespread disease in aquaculture and causes mass mortalities of fish. the development of new antiprotozoal agents for the treatment of ichthyophthirius multifiliis infections is of increasing interest. the aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of 30 medicinal plants against i. multifiliis. the results showed that the methanol extracts of magnolia officinalis and sophora alopecuroides displayed the highest antiprotozoal activity against theronts, with 4 ...201222864919
carbon nanotube enhanced label-free immunosensor for amperometric determination of oocyte maturation-inducing hormone in fish.maintaining high-quality fish eggs stably and efficiently is important for aquaculture. we developed a label-free immunosensor system for measuring 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (dhp). dhp is suddenly secreted before ovulation as a maturation-inducing hormone in fish, and therefore, dhp levels are an indicator for predicting ovulation. the method is based on immunologic reactions and amperometric measurement using cyclic voltammetry (cv). for biomolecular immobilization on the surface of sens ...201322864705
otolith end organ projections to auditory neurons in the descending octaval nucleus of the goldfish, carassius auratus: a confocal analysis.the distribution of axons from the saccule, lagena, and utricle to descending octaval nucleus neurons that project to the auditory midbrain in the goldfish is reported. we have divided these auditory projection neurons, located in the dorsal portion of the descending octaval nucleus (ddo), into two groups, medial and lateral, each of which contains several neuronal populations based on morphology and location. at most levels of the ddo, there are three medial and three lateral populations; the r ...201222846681
gibel carp carassius auratus gut microbiota after oral administration of trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole.trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is widely used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens in aquaculture. however, the practice of antibiotic administration can promote the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria and result in a wane in efficacy over time. the objective of this study was to assess the effect of oral treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole on the gastrointestinal (gi) microbiota of healthy gibel carp and those affected with bacterial enteritis. by ...201222832719
anti-androgen vinclozolin impairs sperm quality and steroidogenesis in goldfish.in mammals, vinclozolin (vz) is known as anti-androgen, which causes male infertility via androgen receptor (ar) antagonism. in aquatic animals, the vz effects on reproductive functions are largely unknown and results are somewhat contradictory. to understand vz adverse effects on male reproduction, mature goldfish (carassius auratus) were exposed to three nominal vz concentrations (100, 400, and 800 μg/l) and alternations in gonadosomatic (gsi) and hepatosomatic indices (hsi), 17β-estradiol (e( ...201222819807
additional novel cryptosporidium genotypes in ornamental fishes.current knowledge on the prevalence and genotypes of cryptosporidium in fishes is still limited. this study investigated the prevalence of cryptosporidium species in 171 ornamental fishes, belonging to 33 species, collected from 8 commercial aquariums around perth, western australia. all samples were screened by nested pcr targeting the 18s rrna locus. a total of 6 positives were identified by pcr at the 18s locus from 4 different species of fishes (red eye tetra, moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae; g ...201222819587
α gaba(a) subunit-orexin receptor interactions activate learning/motivational pathways in the goldfish.orexins (orxs) cross-talking with γ-aminobutyric acid(a) receptor (gaba(a)r) is beginning to constitute a key neuronal signaling feature responsible for the successful promotion of sleep-wake cycle, feeding and motor behaviors plus reward/motivational activities. in this work, orx-a and the two α gaba(a)r agonists (zolpidem, zol; diazepam, dzp) accounted for very great (p<0.001) increases of feeding while only dzp elicited great (p<0.01) levels of food intake in the goldfish (carassius auratus). ...201222814116
polycystic liver in a goldfish, carassius auratus (l.). 201222804783
[a new pathogen of gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio-shewanella putrefaciens].we studied a novel disease occurred among cultured carassius auratus gibelio at a farm located in yancheng city, jiangsu province.201222803340
gap junction contributions to the goldfish electroretinogram at the photopic illumination level.understanding how the b-wave of the electroretinogram (erg) is generated by full-field light stimulation is still a challenge in visual neuroscience. to understand more about the origin of the b-wave, we studied the contributions of gap junctions to the erg b-wave. many types of retinal neurons are connected to similar and different neighboring neurons through gap junctions. the photopic (cone-dominated) erg, stimulated by a small light beam, was recorded from goldfish (carassius auratus) using ...201222802705
effect of coriolus versicolor polysaccharides on the hematological and biochemical parameters and protection against aeromonas hydrophila in allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio).the effect of dietary intake of coriolus versicolor polysaccharides (cvp) on the hematological and biochemical indices of allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) was investigated. fish were fed cvp supplemented diets (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 g cvp kg(-1)) for 56 days. the rbc, wbc counts, hemoglobin content, esr in blood and tp, alt, ast, alp, glu, cho, tg, and bun in serum were measured on day 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. after feeding of 56 days, fish were infected with aeromo ...201322791194
development of a minimum-anesthetic-concentration depression model to study the effects of various analgesics in goldfish (carassius auratus).teleost fish demonstrate the neurophysiologic capacity to experience pain and analgesia. a common model for assessing analgesic effect is the reduction of minimum anesthetic concentration (mac). the present study adapted the model of mac depression to evaluate the analgesic effects of morphine, butorphanol, medetomidine, and ketoprofen in goldfish (carassius auratus). mac was determined by an up-down method of sequential population sampling, anesthetizing fish with tricaine methanesulfonate (ms- ...201222779222
effects of diets containing genistein and diadzein in a long-term study on sex steroid dynamics of goldfish (carassius auratus).the effect of long-term exposure of goldfish to dietary genistein and diadzein on the concentrations of plasma sex steroids (testosterone (t), 17β-estradiol (e2)) and the gonadosomatic index (gsi) was assessed. the study was conducted on four groups for a period of 2 years, from the age of 20 weeks to first spawning. four doses of genistein and diadzein were applied in the feed: genistein: 0 µg/g, diadzein: 0 µg/g (control group); genistein: 24.26 µg/g, diadzein: 21.7 µg/g (diet 1); genistein: 5 ...201422778114
a grouped retina provides high temporal resolution in the weakly electric fish gnathonemus petersii.weakly electric fish orient, hunt and communicate by emitting electrical pulses, enabling them to discriminate objects, conspecifics and prey. in addition to the electrosensory modality - although dominating in importance in these fishes - other modalities, like vision, play important roles for survival. the visual system of gnathonemus petersii, a member of the family mormyridae living in west african blackwater streams shows remarkable specializations: cone photoreceptors are grouped in bundle ...201422771549
distribution of acetylcholine and catecholamines in fish gills and their potential roles in the hypoxic ventilatory response.carotid body glomus cells in mammals contain a plethora of different neurochemicals. several hypotheses exist to explain their roles in oxygen-chemosensing. in the present study we assessed the distribution of serotonin, acetylcholine and catecholamines in the gills of trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and goldfish (carassius auratus) using immunohistochemistry, and an activity-dependent dye, texas red hydrazide (txr). in fish the putative oxygen sensing cells are neuroepithelial cells (necs) and the ...201322765871
molecular characterization of cholecystokinin in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idellus): cloning, localization, developmental profile, and effect of fasting and refeeding on expression in the brain and intestine.cholecystokinin (cck) is a multi-functional brain-gut peptide in fish and mammals. to investigate the role of cck in appetite regulation in fish, a 770-bp full-length cdna sequence of cck gene was obtained by rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends methods in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idellus. homology analysis showed that the cck cdna sequence of grass carp had the highest similarity (90 %) to that of goldfish carassius auratus and a higher similarity (>70 %) to those of other teleosts th ...201222752267
uranium activity ratio in water and fish from pit lakes in kurday, kazakhstan and taboshar, tajikistan.kurday in kazhakstan and taboshar in tajikistan were u mining sites operated during the 1950s and 1960s as part of the ussr nuclear weapon program. today, they represent sources of potential u contamination of the environment. within both mining sites, open pits from which u ore was extracted have been filled with water due to ground water inflow and precipitation. these artificial pit lakes contain fish consumed occasionally by the local people, and wild and domestic animals are using the water ...201322739115
trichodina nobilis chen, 1963 and trichodina reticulata hirschmann et partsch, 1955 from ornamental freshwater fishes in brazil.in the present work trichodina reticulata and t. nobilis (ciliophora: trichodinidae) are morphologically characterised from ornamental freshwater fish culture in the state of santa catarina, brazil. the prevalence of infection and a list of comparative measurements are discussed. we examined "southern platyfish" xiphophorus maculatus (n = 35), "goldfish" carassius auratus (n = 31), "guppy" poecilia reticulata (n = 20), "sailfin molly" poecilia latipinna (n = 6), "beta" betta splendens (n = 2) an ...201222735135
light-dark cycle and feeding time differentially entrains the gut molecular clock of the goldfish (carassius auratus).the aim of the present study was to investigate how photocycle and feeding-time cues regulate the daily expression of per1a, per2a, per3, and cry3 in the goldfish hindgut. for this purpose, we studied the daily rhythmicity of these genes in fish maintained under different lighting conditions and under different feeding regimes (scheduled or not). we also studied whether the timing of just one meal is able to reset the hindgut molecular clock. in a first experiment, randomly fed fish were divided ...201222734567
organization and variation analysis of 5s rdna in different ploidy-level hybrids of red crucian carp × topmouth culter.through distant crossing, diploid, triploid and tetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var., rcc♀, cyprininae, 2n = 100) × topmouth culter (erythroculter ilishaeformis bleeker, tc♂, cultrinae, 2n = 48) were successfully produced. diploid hybrids possessed 74 chromosomes with one set from rcc and one set from tc; triploid hybrids harbored 124 chromosomes with two sets from rcc and one set from tc; tetraploid hybrids had 148 chromosomes with two sets from rcc and two sets fr ...201222720007
modulations in androgen and estrogen mediating genes and testicular response in male goldfish exposed to bisphenol a.adverse effects of bisphenol a (bpa) on reproductive physiology were studied in male goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to nominal environmentally relevant concentrations (0.2 and 20 µg/l) for up to 90 d. transcriptions of various reproductive genes were measured in brain, liver, and testis to investigate the bpa modes of action. volume, density, total number, motility, and velocity of sperm were measured to assess testicular function. at 0.2 µg/l, bpa reduced steroidogenetic acute regulatory ...201222714401
a physiologically based pharmacokinetics model for florfenicol in crucian carp and oral-to-intramuscular extrapolation.in this study, an oral physiologically based pharmacokinetics (pbpk) model was developed for florfenicol in crucian carp (carassius auratus). subsequently, oral-to-intramuscular extrapolation was performed and the two models were used to predict florfenicol concentrations in the edible tissues of crucian carp. the oral model gave good predictions in most tissues, except for kidney and liver in which the florfenicol concentrations were underestimated at the later time points. in contrast, using t ...201322712485
thyroid endocrine dysregulation and erythrocyte dna damage associated with pbde exposure in juvenile crucian carp collected from an e-waste dismantling site in zhejiang province, china.in the present study, 40 juvenile crucian carp (carassius auratus) were caught from a river close to an electronic waste (e-waste) site (exposed group) and another located 80 km away from the e-waste site (control group) in zhejiang, china. results indicated that muscle levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (median pbdes, 235.98 ng/g wet wt; range, 7.70-703.31 ng/g wet wt), serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (median tsh, 2.32 µiu/ml; range, 2.05-2.72 µiu/ml) and erythrocyte dna damag ...201222707201
morpho-functional characterization of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) heart.using morphological and physiological approaches we provided, for the first time, a structural and functional characterization of carassius auratus l. heart. besides to the classical four chambers, i.e. sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, bulbus, we described two distinct structures corresponding to the atrio-ventricular (av) region and the conus arteriosus. the atrium is very large and highly trabeculated; the ventricle shows an outer compacta, vascularized by coronary vessels, and an inner spong ...201222705557
pressure and particle motion detection thresholds in fish: a re-examination of salient auditory cues in teleosts.the auditory evoked potential technique has been used for the past 30 years to evaluate the hearing ability of fish. the resulting audiograms are typically presented in terms of sound pressure (db re. 1 μpa) with the particle motion (db re. 1 m s(-2)) component largely ignored until recently. when audiograms have been presented in terms of particle acceleration, one of two approaches has been used for stimulus characterisation: measuring the pressure gradient between two hydrophones or using acc ...201222693030
responses of acid/alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, and catalase activities and lipid peroxidation to mercury exposure during the embryonic development of goldfish carassius auratus.this study assessed the impact of mercury exposure on goldfish (carassius auratus) embryos based on the dynamic characteristics of chemical parameters. day-old embryos were exposed to different hg(2+) concentrations (0, 0.2, 1, 5, and 10 μg/l). subsequently, the embryos were sampled every 24 h during embryonic development to measure acid phosphatase (acp), alkaline phosphatase (akp), lysozyme (lsz), and catalase (cat) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (mda) content. the results revealed tha ...201222683699
toral lateral line units of goldfish, carassius auratus, are sensitive to the position and vibration direction of a vibrating sphere.we recorded the responses of lateral line units in the midbrain torus semicircularis of goldfish, carassius auratus, to a 50-hz vibrating sphere and determined the unit's spatial receptive fields for various distances between fish and sphere and for different directions of sphere vibration. all but one unit responded to the vibrating sphere with an increase in discharge rate. only a proportion (25%) of the units exhibited phase-locked responses. receptive fields were narrow or broad and containe ...201222669431
[effects of compensatory growth on the levels of igf-1, igfbp-1 and expressions of igf-1 mrna, igf-1r mrna in carassius auratus gibelio].we studied the effects of starvation and re-feeding on the levels of plasma igf-1, igfbp-1 and expressions of hepatic igf-1 mrna and muscle igf-1r mrna in carassius auratus gibelio. during the two week starvation period, both the levels of plasma igf-1 and igfbp-1 decreased and were significantly lower on day 14 (p <0.05). on the first day of re-feeding, the level of plasma igf-1 increased sharply, to the level of control group, and had no significant changes for the remaining days. while the le ...201222653858
molecular identification of hybrids of the invasive gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio and crucian carp carassius carassius in swedish waters.both mitochondrial dna sequence and two nuclear microsatellite markers were used to confirm the identity of the first record of carassius auratus gibelio in the western (swedish) baltic sea region. a total of 49 fishes were analysed, where 22 were from three swedish sites connected to the baltic sea. the d-loop mitochondrial dna sequences showed that 16 of 22 swedish fishes were related to c. a. gibelio. the phylogenetic analysis of these sequences showed that these fish are probably not native, ...201222650435
daily patterns of mrna expression of two core circadian regulatory proteins, clock2 and per1, and two appetite-regulating peptides, ox and npy, in goldfish (carassius auratus).the aim of this study was to examine the daily hypothalamic mrna expression profiles for two core circadian regulatory proteins, clock2 and per1, and for two neuropeptides that regulate wakefulness and food intake, ox and npy, in goldfish. the profiles were determined for fish at different nutritional states (i.e. fed or unfed on sampling day) and held at different photoperiods (i.e. 16l:8d photoperiod vs. constant light ll). our results show that under a 16l:8d photoperiod, both fed and unfed g ...201222643337
hepatic antioxidative responses to pcdpss and estimated short-term biotoxicity in freshwater fish.this study evaluated the short-term toxicity of polychlorinated diphenylsulfides (pcdpss) in freshwater fish. laboratory experiments were performed to determine the oxidative stress and antioxidative responses of 12 different types of pcdpss in the liver of goldfish, carassius auratus. fish were injected with increasing concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100 μg/kg body weight for various pcdpss and 1, 10, 100 mg/kg for diphenylsulfides (dps)) of test compounds for 12h, with one group assigned as the co ...201222640874
subcellular localization and functional characterization of a fish irf9 from crucian carp carassius auratus.mammalian interferon (ifn) regulatory factor 9 (irf-9) has long been recognized as the dna sequence recognition subunit of ifn-stimulated gene factor 3 (isgf3) complex, which is critical for type i ifn to induce the expression of ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) against viral infection. recent studies have shown that fish ifn exerts antiviral effects by induction of a number of isgs and also of itself; however, little is known about the role of fish irf9 in ifn signaling. here we identify a fish irf9 ...201222626811
transcriptional regulation of temperature-induced remodeling of muscle bioenergetics in goldfish.central to mammalian mitochondrial biogenesis is the transcriptional master regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar)-γ coactivator-1α (pgc-1α), and a network of dna-binding proteins it coactivates. we explored the role of this pathway in muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in response to thermal acclimation in goldfish (carassius auratus). we investigated the transcriptional response of pgc-1α, pgc-1β, and their antagonist the nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 (rip140), as we ...201222621965
characterization of bmp15 and its regulation by human chorionic gonadotropin in the follicle of gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio).bone morphogenetic protein (bmp15) is a member of the transforming growth factor β (tgf-β) superfamily with a key role in regulating follicle development in mammals and birds. however, potential ovarian roles of bmps remain unexplored in teleosts. in this study, the full-length sequences of bmp15 were obtained using rapid-amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna sequence of bmp15 is 2217 bp which contained 214 bp 5'-utr and 845 bp 3'-utr. the open reading frame (orf) sequence of b ...201222613815
non-canonical residues of the marginally stable monomeric ubiquitin conjugase from goldfish are involved in binding to the c terminus of ring 1b.e2 ubiquitin conjugases are ~20kda enzymes involved in ubiquitination processes in eukaryotes. the e2s are responsible for the transference of ubiquitin (ub) to e3 enzymes, which finally transfer ub to diverse target proteins, labelling them for degradation, localization and regulation. although their functions are relatively well-characterized, their conformational stabilities are poorly known. in this work, we have used, as a model for our biophysical and binding studies, the e2-c from carassi ...201222609416
an evaluation of the combined effects of phenolic endocrine disruptors on vitellogenin induction in goldfish carassius auratus.phenolic compounds are widely distributed in the natural environment, typically existing as a mixture at the nanogram or microgram per liter level. among the phenolic compounds, 4-nonylphenol, 4-t-octylphenol, bisphenol a and 2,4-dichlorophenol attract the most concern due to their abundance and risks within the natural environment. the former three chemicals are known as endocrine disruptors causing feminization in various organisms, whereas the latter one requires further clarification concern ...201222592663
the interactive effects of exercise and gill remodeling in goldfish (carassius auratus).gill remodeling in goldfish (carassius auratus) is accomplished by the appearance or retraction of a mass of cells (termed the interlamellar cell mass or ilcm) between adjacent lamellae. given the presumed effects of gill remodeling on diffusing capacity, the goals of the current study were (1) to determine the consequences of increased aerobic o(2) demand (swimming) on gill remodelling and (2) to assess the consequences of the presence or absence of the ilcm on aerobic swimming capacity. fish a ...201222588580
recombinant glycoprotein 63 (gp63) of trypanosoma carassii suppresses antimicrobial responses of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) monocytes and macrophages.we previously reported that proteins secreted by trypanosoma carassii play a role in evasion of fish host immune responses. to further understand how these parasites survive in the host, we cloned and expressed t. carassii glycoprotein 63 (tcagp63), and generated a rabbit polyclonal antibody to the recombinant protein (rtcagp63). tcagp63 was similar to gp63 of other trypanosomes and grouped with trypanosoma cruzi and trypanosoma brucei gp63 in phylogenetic analysis. we showed that rtcagp63 down- ...201222584131
expression patterns of runx2, sparc, and bgp during scale regeneration in the goldfish carassius auratus.teleost fish scale is a dermal skeleton equipped with a strong regenerative ability. owing to this regenerative ability, teleost fish scale can be used as a model for the regeneration of the dermal skeleton. however, there is insufficient fundamental knowledge of the regeneration, and this limits the usage of fish scale. in this study, as a first step toward understanding the molecular mechanism of the cellular differentiation during scale regeneration, we cloned the cdnas for osteoblast-related ...201222544716
subcellular differences in handling cu excess in three freshwater fish species contributes greatly to their differences in sensitivity to cu.since changes in metal distribution among tissues and subcellular fractions can provide insights in metal toxicity and tolerance, we investigated this partitioning of cu in gill and liver tissue of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). these fish species are known to differ in their sensitivity to cu exposure with gibel carp being the most tolerant and rainbow trout the most sensitive. after an exposure to 50 μg/l (0.79 μm) ...201222542735
isolation of heat-tolerant myoglobin from asian swamp eel monopterus albus.myoglobin from asian swamp eel monopterus albus was purified from fish muscle using salt fractionation followed by column chromatography and molecular filtration. the purified mb of 0.68 mg/g wet weight of muscle was determined for its molecular mass by maldi-tof-ms to be 15,525.18 da. using isoelectric focusing technique, the purified mb showed two derivatives with pi of 6.40 and 7.12. six peptide fragments of this protein identified by lc-ms/ms were homologous to mbs of sea raven hemitripterus ...201222538454
tissue specificity in nickel uptake and induction of oxidative stress in kidney and spleen of goldfish carassius auratus, exposed to waterborne nickel.toxic and carcinogenic effects of nickel compounds are suggested to result from nickel-mediated oxidative damage to macromolecules and/or inhibition of cellular antioxidant defenses. we investigated the effects of waterborne ni(2+) (10, 25 and 50 mg/l) on the blood and blood-producing tissues (kidney and spleen) of goldfish to identify relationships between ni accumulation and oxidative stress. whereas the main hematological parameters (total hemoglobin and hematocrit) were unaffected, ni(2+) ex ...201222534063
immunocytochemical characterization of olfactory ensheathing cells in fish.in the olfactory system of vertebrates, neurogenesis occurs throughout life. the regenerating activities of the olfactory receptor neurons are connected to particular glial cells in the olfactory pathway: the olfactory ensheathing cells. a considerable number of studies are available in literature regarding mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells; this is due to their potential role in cell-based therapy for spinal cord injury repair. but very little is known about these cells in non-mammalian ver ...201322527122
po-210 and pb-210 in water and fish from taboshar uranium mining pit lake, tajikistan.polonium-210 in water and (210)pb and (210)po in different fish organs from 3 different fish species in taboshar pit lake (n = 13), located in the uranium mining area in tajikistan, and in kairakkum reservoir (reference lake, n = 3), have been determined as part of a joint project between norway, kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan and tajikistan. the average activity concentration of (210)pb and (210)po in liver, muscle and bone of carassius auratus was higher than the concentration in similar tissues of c. ...201322513216
expression of osteoblastic and osteoclastic genes during spontaneous regeneration and autotransplantation of goldfish scale: a new tool to study intramembranous bone regeneration.complementary dna of osteoblast-specific genes (dlx5, runx2a, runx2b, osterix, rankl, type i collagen, alp, and osteocalcin) was cloned from goldfish (carassius auratus) scale. messenger rna expressions were analyzed during spontaneous scale regeneration. dlx5 had an early peak of expression on day 7, whereas osterix was constantly expressed during days 7-21. runx2, a major osteoblastic transcription factor in mammalian bone, did not show any significant expression. the expressions of two functi ...201222484181
comparative proteomics of copper exposure and toxicity in rainbow trout, common carp and gibel carp.species specific differences in transporters, chaperones, metal binding proteins and other targets are important in metal toxicity. therefore, we have studied the effects of copper exposure on the proteome of gill tissue from oncorhynchus mykiss, cyprinus carpio and carassius auratus gibelio, which have different sensitivities toward copper. fish were exposed to the flemish water quality standard for surface waters, being 50μg/l, for 3 days. sampled gill tissue was subjected to a 2d-dige and an ...201222480594
phox2b expression in the taste centers of fish.the homeodomain transcription factor phox2b controls the formation of the sensory-motor reflex circuits of the viscera in vertebrates. among phox2b-dependent structures characterized in rodents is the nucleus of the solitary tract, the first relay for visceral sensory input, including taste. here we show that phox2b is expressed throughout the primary taste centers of two cyprinid fish, danio rerio and carassius auratus, i.e., in their vagal, glossopharyngeal, and facial lobes, providing the fir ...201222473338
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