| latitudinal gradient in otolith shape among local populations of atlantic herring (clupea harengus l.) in norway. | otolith shape analysis of atlantic herring (clupea harengus) in norwegian waters shows significant differentiation among fjords and a latitudinal gradient along the coast where neighbouring populations are more similar to each other than to those sampled at larger distances. the otolith shape was obtained using quantitative shape analysis, the outlines were transformed with wavelet and analysed with multivariate methods. the observed morphological differences are likely to reflect environmental ... | 2015 | 26101885 |
| purification and stability of octameric mitochondrial creatine kinase isoform from herring (clupea harengus) organ of vision. | creatine kinases (cks) constitute a large family of isoenzymes that are involved in intracellular energy homeostasis. in cells with high and fluctuating energy requirements atp level is maintained via phosphocreatine hydrolysis catalyzed by creatine kinase. in contrast to invertebrates and higher vertebrates, in poikilothermic vertebrates the adaptations for the regulation of energy metabolism by changes in the oligomeric state of ck isoforms are not well known. the present study aimed at identi ... | 2015 | 25770046 |
| a baseline study of metals in herring (clupea harengus) from the norwegian sea, with focus on mercury, cadmium, arsenic and lead. | the norwegian spring spawning (nss) herring is an ecologically and economically important fish population in the norwegian sea. it was the first of several norwegian fish stocks subject to a baseline study designed to give a comprehensive account of the levels of contaminants in a fish species from most of its area of distribution and during different seasons. during 2006 and 2007, 800 individual herring were sampled in their feeding areas in the norwegian sea in spring and autumn and at their s ... | 2015 | 25703778 |
| female baltic herring clupea harengus allocate resources from growth to reproduction in poor feeding conditions. | the trade-off between somatic growth and reproduction in the female baltic herring clupea harengus was investigated from 1984 to 2002. during the study period, growth decreased, as a consequence of decreasing salinity and weakening of feeding conditions. production of muscle and ovarian tissue decreased in repeat spawners, but investment in reproduction took an increasing amount of the total production of new tissues. this suggested that a shift in allocation to reproduction takes precedence ove ... | 2015 | 25611187 |
| thermal stratification influences maturation and timing of spawning in a local clupea harengus population. | maturation and timing of spawning in relation to temperature were studied in a local atlantic herring clupea harengus population inhabiting a small semi-enclosed ecosystem (7 km(2)) separated from the larger outer fjord system by narrow sills on the west coast of norway. ambient temperatures varied annually up to 4° c during both the pre-spawning and spawning periods from february to april, but without affecting the spawning time. instead, the timing of spawning was found to be related to therma ... | 2014 | 24588732 |
| feeding ecology of northeast atlantic mackerel, norwegian spring-spawning herring and blue whiting in the norwegian sea. | the norwegian spring-spawning (nss) herring (clupea harengus), blue whiting (micromesistius poutassou) and northeast atlantic (nea) mackerel (scomber scombrus) are extremely abundant pelagic planktivores that feed in the norwegian sea (ns) during spring and summer. this study investigated the feeding ecology and diet composition of these commercially important fish stocks on the basis of biological data, including an extensive set of stomach samples in combination with hydrographical data, zoopl ... | 2016 | 26895485 |
| environmental genotoxicity assessment along the transport routes of chemical munitions leading to the dumping areas in the baltic sea. | the frequencies of micronuclei (mn), nuclear buds (nb) and nuclear buds on filament (nbf) were examined in 660 specimens of herring (clupea harengus) collected in 2009-2014 at 65 study stations located mainly along the chemical munition transport routes in the baltic sea. the frequency of nuclear abnormalities was strongly increased in herring caught at four stations located close to chemical munition dumping sites, or cwas - substances (chemical warfare agents) in sediments. significant increas ... | 2016 | 26763319 |
| effects of temperature on specific dynamic action in atlantic cod gadus morhua. | growth requires that energy is directed towards ingestion, digestion, absorption and assimilation of a meal; energy expenditures are often expressed as the specific dynamic action (sda). while sda is an important part of fish energy budgets and strongly affected by water temperature, temperature effects are not known across a wide temperature range in atlantic cod gadus morhua. the objective of this study was to examine effects of temperature (2, 5, 10, 15 or 20 °c) on the energetic cost and tim ... | 2015 | 25343877 |
| ecosystem scale acoustic sensing reveals humpback whale behavior synchronous with herring spawning processes and re-evaluation finds no effect of sonar on humpback song occurrence in the gulf of maine in fall 2006. | we show that humpback-whale vocalization behavior is synchronous with peak annual atlantic herring spawning processes in the gulf of maine. with a passive, wide-aperture, densely-sampled, coherent hydrophone array towed north of georges bank in a fall 2006 ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing (oawrs) experiment, vocalizing whales could be instantaneously detected and localized over most of the gulf of maine ecosystem in a roughly 400-km diameter area by introducing array gain, of 18 db, order ... | 2014 | 25289938 |
| school density affects the strength of collective avoidance responses in wild-caught atlantic herring clupea harengus: a simulated predator encounter experiment. | an experimental study in a semi-controlled environment was conducted to examine whether school density in wild-caught atlantic herring clupea harengus affects the strength of their collective escape behaviours. using acoustics, the anti-predator diving responses of c. harengus in two schools that differed in density were quantified by exposing them to a simulated threat. due to logistical restrictions, the first fish was tested in a low-density school condition (four trials; packing density = 1. ... | 2014 | 25243659 |
| warming shelf seas drive the subtropicalization of european pelagic fish communities. | pelagic fishes are among the most ecologically and economically important fish species in european seas. in principle, these pelagic fishes have potential to demonstrate rapid abundance and distribution shifts in response to climatic variability due to their high adult motility, planktonic larval stages, and low dependence on benthic habitat for food or shelter during their life histories. here, we provide evidence of substantial climate-driven changes to the structure of pelagic fish communitie ... | 2015 | 25230844 |
| flame retardants at the top of a simulated baltic marine food web--a case study concerning african penguins from the gdansk zoo. | the present study estimated hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) as a sum of three main isomers (α, β, and γ) and tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) in african penguins (spheniscus demersus) from gdansk zoo and in their sole food, baltic herring (clupea harengus), from gdansk bay. the average concentration of hbcd in whole herring was 22.0 ± 9.9 ng/g lw, whereas tbbpa was approximately 10-fold lower (2.3 ± 1.3 ng/g lw). brominated flame retardants (bfrs) were also found in muscle and liver of herring. the e ... | 2015 | 25224990 |
| organ damage in atlantic herring larvae as a result of ocean acidification. | the dissolution of anthropogenically emitted excess carbon dioxide lowers the ph of the world's ocean water. the larvae of mass spawning marine fishes may be particularly vulnerable to such ocean acidification (oa), yet the generality of earlier results is unclear. here we show the detrimental effects of oa on the development of a commercially important fish species, the atlantic herring (clupea harengus). larvae were reared at three levels of co2: today (0.0385 kpa), end of next century (0.183 ... | 2014 | 25154101 |
| the proteome of atlantic herring (clupea harengus l.) larvae is resistant to elevated pco2. | elevated anthropogenic pco2 can delay growth and impair otolith structure and function in the larvae of some fishes. these effects may concurrently alter the larva's proteome expression pattern. to test this hypothesis, atlantic herring larvae were exposed to ambient (370 μatm) and elevated (1800 μatm) pco2 for one-month. the proteome structure of the larvae was examined using a 2-de and mass spectrometry. the length of herring larvae was marginally less in the elevated pco2 treatment compared t ... | 2014 | 25110053 |
| the dynamics of a metapopulation: changes in life-history traits in resident herring that co-occur with oceanic herring during spawning. | different populations of atlantic herring are regarded as forming a metapopulation, but we know little about the dynamics of the connectivity and degree of interbreeding between the populations. based on data from three periods between 1962 and 2011, we identified the presence of two components of herring in a small semi-enclosed coastal marine ecosystem based on different somatic growth patterns and mean vertebrae sum (vs). the two components were interpreted as belonging to a resident herring ... | 2014 | 25051066 |
| myxozoa in high arctic: survey on the central part of svalbard archipelago. | myxosporeans (myxozoa), microscopic metazoan parasitic organisms, are poorly studied in the arctic region. our survey of benthic and pelagic fish (n = 234) collected in isfjorden (svalbard, norway) together with detailed morphological and molecular examination revealed the presence of nine myxosporean species. we compared observed myxosporean diversity with diversity documented in regions close to the arctic and revealed that water depth rather than geographic distribution is an important factor ... | 2014 | 24918076 |
| a day in the life of fish larvae: modeling foraging and growth using quirks. | this article introduces "quirks," a generic, individual-based model synthesizing over 40 years of empirical and theoretical insights into the foraging behavior and growth physiology of marine fish larvae. in quirks, different types of larvae are defined by a short list of their biological traits, and all foraging and growth processes (including the effects of key environmental factors) are modeled following one unified set of mechanistic rules. this approach facilitates ecologically meaningful c ... | 2014 | 24901937 |
| parasites as biological tags in marine fisheries research: european atlantic waters. | studies of the use of parasites as biological tags for stock identification and to follow migrations of marine fish, mammals and invertebrates in european atlantic waters are critically reviewed and evaluated. the region covered includes the north, baltic, barents and white seas plus icelandic waters, but excludes the mediterranean and black seas. each fish species or ecological group of species is treated separately. more parasite tag studies have been carried out on atlantic herring clupea har ... | 2015 | 24722002 |
| species identification and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from the meat of sea fish. | seventy-eight isolates of staphylococci obtained from the meat of theragra chalcogramma, scomber scombrus, and clupea harengus were identified and tested in this study. 16s rdna sequence specific for the genus staphylococcus was detected in all isolates with the help of pcr method. all of 78 isolates were coagulase-negative, and dnase activity was only confirmed in 4 of them. the following species of staphylococci were identified using maldi-tof mass spectrometry: s. warneri (52%), s. epidermidi ... | 2014 | 24689907 |
| comparing temporal trends of organochlorines in guillemot eggs and baltic herring: advantages and disadvantage for selecting sentinel species for environmental monitoring. | within europe, the marine strategy framework directive (msfd) is aimed at addressing the chemical status and quality of the marine environment. one of the main goals is to achieve good environmental status (ges) in the marine environment. environmental monitoring of biota e.g., baltic herring and guillemot eggs, is conducted annually in sweden to follow temporal changes in environmental contaminants. to determine the suitability of guillemot eggs as a sentinel species for investigating ges, we c ... | 2014 | 24680644 |
| direct effects of microalgae and protists on herring (clupea harengus) yolk sac larvae. | this study investigated effects of microalgae (rhodomonas baltica) and heterotrophic protists (oxyrrhis marina) on the daily growth, activity, condition and feeding success of atlantic herring (clupea harengus) larvae from hatch, through the end of the endogenous (yolk sac) period. yolk sac larvae were reared in the presence and absence of microplankton and, each day, groups of larvae were provided access to copepods. larvae reared with microalgae and protists exhibited precocious (2 days earlie ... | 2015 | 26035592 |
| temporal and spatial trends of pcbs, ddts, hchs, and hcb in swedish marine biota 1969-2012. | in the 1960s, the baltic sea was severely polluted by organic contaminants such as pcbs, hchs, hcb, and ddts. elevated concentrations caused severe adverse effects in baltic biota. since then, these substances have been monitored temporally and spatially in baltic biota, primarily in herring (clupea harengus) and in guillemot (uria aalge) egg, but also in cod (gadus morhua), perch (perca fluviatilis), eelpout (zoarces viviparous), and blue mussel (mytilus edulis). these chemicals were banned in ... | 2015 | 26022330 |
| otolith shape: a population marker for atlantic herring clupea harengus. | otolith shape variation of seven atlantic herring clupea harengus populations from canada, the faroe islands, iceland, ireland, norway and scotland, u.k., covering a large area of the species' distribution, was studied in order to see if otolith shape can be used to discriminate between populations. the otolith shape was obtained using quantitative shape analysis, transformed with wavelet and analysed with multivariate methods. significant differences were detected among the seven populations, w ... | 2015 | 25846860 |
| shifts in the spring herring (clupea harengus membras) larvae and related environment in the eastern baltic sea over the past 50 years. | because of the high management relevance, commercial fish related aspects have often been central in marine ecosystem investigations. the iterative shiftogram method was applied to detect occurrence, type and timing of shifts in the single and multivariate time series linked to the spring spawning herring larvae in the gulf of riga (baltic sea). altogether nineteen larval herring and related environmental variables were utilized during the period of 1957-2010. all the time series investigated, e ... | 2014 | 24637830 |
| parasites as biological tags of marine, freshwater and anadromous fishes in north america from the tropics to the arctic. | parasites have been considered as natural biological tags of marine fish populations in north america for almost 75 years. in the northwest atlantic, the most studied species include atlantic cod (gadus morhua), atlantic herring (clupea harengus) and the redfishes (sebastes spp.). in the north pacific, research has centred primarily on salmonids (oncorhynchus spp.). however, parasites have been applied as tags for numerous other pelagic and demersal species on both the atlantic and pacific coast ... | 2015 | 24612602 |
| broad-scale climate influences on spring-spawning herring (clupea harengus, l.) recruitment in the western baltic sea. | climate forcing in complex ecosystems can have profound implications for ecosystem sustainability and may thus challenge a precautionary ecosystem management. climatic influences documented to affect various ecological functions on a global scale, may themselves be observed on quantitative or qualitative scales including regime shifts in complex marine ecosystems. this study investigates the potential climatic impact on the reproduction success of spring-spawning herring (clupea harengus) in the ... | 2014 | 24586279 |
| effect of spatial differences in growth on distribution of seasonally co-occurring herring clupea harengus stocks. | the mechanisms most likely to determine the distribution of the two major herring clupea harengus stocks in their common early summer feeding ground in the eastern north sea, skagerrak and kattegat were investigated through analysis of acoustic survey data from six consecutive years. no change was detected in biomass of north sea autumn spawning c. harengus (nsas) over time, whereas the biomass of western baltic spring spawning c. harengus (wbss) declined severely. analyses of centre of abundanc ... | 2015 | 25470075 |
| determination of selenium and its compounds in marine organisms. | in this study, we investigate the type and quantity of selenium compounds in fish and marine organisms, using ion-pair reversed phase lc–icp-ms, developed and applied for the analysis of atlantic cod, atlantic salmon, greenland halibut, atlantic herring, blue mussel, common crab, scallop, calanus, and euphasia super. of the samples examined, the lowest level of selenium was found in farmed atlantic salmon (0.17 mg se kg(−1) dm). the total selenium extraction efficiency by phosphate buffer was 2. ... | 2015 | 25468190 |
| assessing the environmental genotoxicity risk in the baltic sea: frequencies of nuclear buds in blood erythrocytes of three native fish species. | nuclear bud (nb) formation was investigated in blood erythrocytes of 1892 flounder platichthys flesus, herring clupea harengus, and eelpout zoarces viviparus specimens that were collected at 82 sites representing different regions of the baltic sea in 2009-2011. this is the first attempt to evaluate the baseline levels of nb and rank the genotoxicity risk for native fish species. nb levels were compared to the previously published micronuclei (mn) data from the same individual fish specimens in ... | 2015 | 25384369 |
| seasonal dynamics of atlantic herring (clupea harengus l.) populations spawning in the vicinity of marginal habitats. | gillnet sampling and analyses of otolith shape, vertebral count and growth indicated the presence of three putative atlantic herring (clupea harengus l.) populations mixing together over the spawning season february-june inside and outside an inland brackish water lake (landvikvannet) in southern norway. peak spawning of oceanic norwegian spring spawners and coastal skagerrak spring spawners occurred in march-april with small proportions of spawners entering the lake. in comparison, spawning of ... | 2014 | 25372461 |
| experimental evidence of threat-sensitive collective avoidance responses in a large wild-caught herring school. | aggregation is commonly thought to improve animals' security. within aquatic ecosystems, group-living prey can learn about immediate threats using cues perceived directly from predators, or from collective behaviours, for example, by reacting to the escape behaviours of companions. combining cues from different modalities may improve the accuracy of prey antipredatory decisions. in this study, we explored the sensory modalities that mediate collective antipredatory responses of herring (clupea h ... | 2014 | 24489778 |
| distribution of cadmium, mercury, and lead in different body parts of baltic herring (clupea harengus) and perch (perca fluviatilis): implications for environmental status assessments. | for heavy metals, quality standards indicating good environmental status are designed to evaluate concentrations in the whole fish body, whereas monitoring of metals is often conducted using muscle or liver tissue. as most metals accumulate at different rates in different parts of fish, data should be adjusted to reflect whole fish body concentrations; however, this requires knowledge on distribution of metal concentrations within fish. here, concentrations of cadmium, mercury, and lead were ana ... | 2014 | 24262210 |
| fourteen new microsatellite markers for atlantic herring clupea harengus. | fourteen new microsatellite loci were developed and tested on atlantic herring clupea harengus with 39 individuals from iceland and 49 individuals from norway. the microsatellites, which contain di, tri and tetranucleotide repeats, are polymorphic (7-30 alleles), with observed heterozygosity ranging between 0·69 and 1·00 and expected heterozygosity between 0·55 and 0·97. | 2012 | 22957880 |
| smelling danger - alarm cue responses in the polychaete nereis (hediste) diversicolor (müller, 1776) to potential fish predation. | the harbour ragworm, nereis (hediste) diversicolor is a common intertidal marine polychaete that lives in burrows from which it has to partially emerge in order to forage. in doing so, it is exposed to a variety of predators. one way in which predation risk can be minimised is through chemical detection from within the relative safety of the burrows. using cctv and motion capture software, we show that h. diversicolor is able to detect chemical cues associated with the presence of juvenile floun ... | 2013 | 24155953 |
| oil and oil dispersant do not cause synergistic toxicity to fish embryos. | atlantic herring (clupea harengus) embryos were exposed to water accommodated fractions (wafs; oil dissolved in water) and chemically enhanced water accommodated fractions (cewafs; oil dispersed in water with corexit 9500a) of medium south american (mesa) crude oil. the cewaf was approximately 100-fold more toxic than waf based on nominal loadings of test solutions (% v/v). in contrast, the ratio of waf and cewaf toxicity expressed as measured oil concentrations approximated 1.0, indicating that ... | 2014 | 24115182 |
| changes in the distribution of atlantic bluefin tuna (thunnus thynnus) in the gulf of maine 1979-2005. | the gulf of maine, nw atlantic ocean, is a productive, seasonal foraging ground for atlantic bluefin tuna (thunnus thynnus), but commercial landings of adult size classes were up to 40% below the allocated total allowable catch between 2004 to 2008 for the rod and reel, harpoon, and purse seine categories in the gulf of maine. reduction in atlantic bluefin tuna catches in the gulf of maine could represent a decline in spawning stock biomass, but given wide-ranging, complex migration patterns, an ... | 2013 | 24069420 |
| environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in flounder (platichthys flesus), herring (clupea harengus) and atlantic cod (gadus morhua) from chemical munitions dumping zones in the southern baltic sea. | the data on environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity levels as well as on genotoxicity risk in flounder (platichthys flesus), herring (clupea harengus) and cod (gadus morhua) collected in 2010-2012 at 42 stations located in chemical munitions dumping areas of the southern baltic sea are presented. the frequency of micronuclei, nuclear buds and nucleoplasmic bridges in erythrocytes was used as genotoxicity endpoint and the induction of fragmented-apoptotic, bi-nucleated and 8-shaped erythrocyt ... | 2014 | 24064039 |
| tracking niche variation over millennial timescales in sympatric killer whale lineages. | niche variation owing to individual differences in ecology has been hypothesized to be an early stage of sympatric speciation. yet to date, no study has tracked niche width over more than a few generations. in this study, we show the presence of isotopic niche variation over millennial timescales and investigate the evolutionary outcomes. isotopic ratios were measured from tissue samples of sympatric killer whale orcinus orca lineages from the north sea, spanning over 10 000 years. isotopic rati ... | 2013 | 23945688 |
| detection of allergenic parvalbumin of atlantic and pacific herrings in fish products by pcr. | the conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method to detect the major allergenic protein parvalbumin beta 2 of atlantic herring (clupea harengus) and pacific herring (clupea pallasii) was developed. the specific set of primers for the amplification of the partial genomic sequence of the pvalb 2 gene encoding the main fish allergen of both herrings was designed and applied to the investigation of 24 commercial fish products. the targeted amplicon size was 189 bp of pvalb 2 gene of atlantic ... | 2013 | 23886376 |
| robust identification of local adaptation from allele frequencies. | comparing allele frequencies among populations that differ in environment has long been a tool for detecting loci involved in local adaptation. however, such analyses are complicated by an imperfect knowledge of population allele frequencies and neutral correlations of allele frequencies among populations due to shared population history and gene flow. here we develop a set of methods to robustly test for unusual allele frequency patterns and correlations between environmental variables and alle ... | 2013 | 23821598 |
| temporal trends in dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in baltic herring (clupea harengus). | polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (dl-pcbs) concentrations in baltic herring (clupea harengus) have been relatively stable since the mid to late 1990s. it is unclear why concentrations in baltic herring are not following the observed decreases in other environmental matrices. here, changes in long-term temporal trends in baltic herring were examined. a number of biological variables were examined alongside the temporal trends t ... | 2013 | 23806670 |
| oceanographic connectivity and environmental correlates of genetic structuring in atlantic herring in the baltic sea. | marine fish often show little genetic structuring in neutral marker genes, and atlantic herring (clupea harengus) in the baltic sea are no exception; historically, very low levels of population differentiation (f st ≍ 0.002) have been found, despite a high degree of interpopulation environmental heterogeneity in salinity and temperature. recent exome sequencing and snp studies have however shown that many loci are under selection in this system. here, we combined population genetic analyses of a ... | 2013 | 23745145 |
| a parvicapsulid (myxozoa) infecting sprattus sprattus and clupea harengus (clupeidae) in the northeast atlantic uses hydroides norvegicus (serpulidae) as invertebrate host. | a myxosporean producing actinospores of the tetractinomyxon type in hydroides norvegicus gunnerus (serpulidae) in denmark was identified as a member of the family parvicapsulidae based on small-subunit ribosomal dna (ssu rdna) sequences. myxosporean samples from various danish and norwegian marine fishes were examined with primers that detect the novel myxosporean. sprattus sprattus (linnaeus) and clupea harengus linnaeus (teleostei, clupeidae) were found to be infected. the sequences of this pa ... | 2013 | 23724734 |
| exposure to parvalbumin allergen and aerosols among herring processing workers. | there are increasing reports of allergies and respiratory symptoms among workers in the fish processing industry, coinciding with an increasing use of high-pressure water in the processing plants. however, few studies have measured exposure in these work environments. | 2013 | 23704136 |
| mercury and chlorinated pesticides on the highest level of the food web as exemplified by herring from the southern baltic and african penguins from the zoo. | aquatic birds are often used as a health indicator of the marine ecosystem. african penguins living in the zoo make good research material as they form a link between the marine and the terrestrial ecosystem in terms of xenobiotic circulation. tests were performed on whole herring-the food of the penguins-as well as on bird muscle, liver, brain, eggs, feathers and guano in order to determine total mercury, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, isodrin, endosulfan isomers, endosulfan sulfate, methoxychlor, d ... | 2013 | 23687395 |
| detection of arsenic-containing hydrocarbons in a range of commercial fish oils by gc-icpms analysis. | the present study describes the use of a simple solid-phase extraction procedure for the extraction of arsenic-containing hydrocarbons from fish oil followed by analysis using gas chromatography (gc) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icpms). the procedure permitted the analysis of a small sample amount, and the method was applied on a range of different commercial fish oils, including oils of anchovy (engraulis ringens), atlantic herring (clupea harengus), sand eel (ammody ... | 2013 | 23620370 |
| the high diversity of arsenolipids in herring fillet (clupea harengus). | arsenolipids represent a relevant step in the biosynthesis of organoarsenicals from inorganic arsenic compounds. their fate after human consumption is still uncertain. by means of a hplc-icp-ms/esi-q-tof-ms method, 16 lipid soluble arsenic compounds, including seven formerly unknown organoarsenicals, have been identified in commercial herring fillet. the structural assignment was done by exact mass and high resolution ms/ms data. this is the first identification of arsenolipids in herring (clupe ... | 2013 | 23618187 |
| whole mitochondrial genome scan for population structure and selection in the atlantic herring. | marine fish, such as the atlantic herring (clupea harengus), often show a low degree of differentiation over large geographical regions. despite strong environmental gradients (salinity and temperature) in the baltic sea, population genetic studies have shown little genetic differentiation among herring in this area, but some evidence for environmentally-induced selection has been uncovered. the mitochondrial genome is a likely target for selection in this system due to its functional role in me ... | 2012 | 23259908 |
| estimating age at maturation and energy-based life-history traits from individual growth trajectories with nonlinear mixed-effects models. | a new method is presented to estimate individuals' (1) age at maturation, (2) energy acquisition rate, (3) energy expenditure for body maintenance, and (4) reproductive investment, and the multivariate distribution of these traits in a population. the method relies on adjusting a conceptual energy allocation model to individual growth curves using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling. the method's performance was tested using simulated growth curves for a range of life-history types. individual age ... | 2013 | 23247685 |
| interactions between small pelagic fish and young cod across the north atlantic. | species interactions that play out over large spatial scales are difficult to observe, particularly in the oceans. the current lack of empirical evidence for biologically meaningful interaction parameters likely delays the application of holistic management procedures. here we estimate interactions during the early life history of fish across regions. we present separate and hierarchical bayesian models that estimate the direction and strength of interactions between atlantic cod and dominant pe ... | 2012 | 23185876 |
| population-scale sequencing reveals genetic differentiation due to local adaptation in atlantic herring. | the atlantic herring (clupea harengus), one of the most abundant marine fishes in the world, has historically been a critical food source in northern europe. it is one of the few marine species that can reproduce throughout the brackish salinity gradient of the baltic sea. previous studies based on few genetic markers have revealed a conspicuous lack of genetic differentiation between geographic regions, consistent with huge population sizes and minute genetic drift. here, we present a cost-effe ... | 2012 | 23134729 |
| [phylogeography of pacific herring clupea pallasii from eurasian seas]. | eleven samples of pacific herring from the four seas of eurasia (sea of japan, sea of okhotsk, bering sea, and white sea), and one sample of atlantic herring were analyzed. complete and partial sequences of the mtdna control region with the sizes up to 1071 bp were used. to verify the haplogroups identified, additional sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase i gene was performed. it was demonstrated that pacific herring from the seas of eurasia belonged to one mitochondrial haplogroup. the gene flo ... | 2012 | 23113337 |
| structural analysis of ca²⁺ dependent and ca²⁺ independent type ii antifreeze proteins: a comparative molecular dynamics simulation study. | comparative molecular dynamics simulations of ca²⁺ dependent psychrophilic type ii antifreeze protein (afp) from herring (clupea harengus) (hafp) and ca²⁺ dependent type ii antifreeze protein from long snout poacher (brachyopsis rostratus) (lpafp) have been performed for 10 ns each at five different temperatures. we have tried to investigate whether the ca²⁺ dependent protein obtains any advantage in nature over the independent one. to this end the dynamic properties of these two proteins have b ... | 2012 | 23079646 |
| evidence for an ontogenetic change from pre-programmed to meal-responsive cck production in atlantic herring, clupea harengus l. | the effects of up to three days of food deprivation on the cholecystokinin (cck)-producing cells in the atlantic herring gut were assessed by quantifying the number of cells detected by in situ hybridization at three ontogenetic stages. in feeding larvae that still possessed yolk-sacs (2 and 8days after hatch, dah), intestinal cck expression appeared to be maintained regardless of external nutritional conditions. in 30 dah-old herring larvae with well-established exogenous feeding only, very few ... | 2013 | 23063626 |
| from puffins to plankton: a dna-based analysis of a seabird food chain in the northern gulf of maine. | the predator-prey interactions within food chains are used to both characterize and understand ecosystems. conventional methods of constructing food chains from visual identification of prey in predator diet can suffer from poor taxonomic resolution, misidentification, and bias against small or completely digestible prey. next-generation sequencing (ngs) technology has become a powerful tool for diet reconstruction through barcoding of dna in stomach content or fecal samples. here we use multi-l ... | 2013 | 24358258 |
| sensory properties of frozen herring (clupea harengus) from different catch seasons and locations. | freezing of herring (clupea harengus) for human consumption is increasing in the nordic herring industry, either onboard the fishing vessels or right after landing. the quality of frozen herring as a raw material does not only depend on the frozen storage conditions applied, but also on compositional features, something which in turn can vary with season and catching ground. to unravel the link between biological variations, basic muscle composition, and sensory properties of frozen herring, a u ... | 2012 | 22900757 |
| snp discovery using next generation transcriptomic sequencing in atlantic herring (clupea harengus). | the introduction of next generation sequencing (ngs) has revolutionised population genetics, providing studies of non-model species with unprecedented genomic coverage, allowing evolutionary biologists to address questions previously far beyond the reach of available resources. furthermore, the simple mutation model of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) permits cost-effective high-throughput genotyping in thousands of individuals simultaneously. genomic resources are scarce for the atlantic ... | 2012 | 22879907 |
| fish pollution with anthropogenic 137cs in the southern baltic sea. | this paper presents the results of a study on changes in (137)cs activity concentrations in three fish species from the southern baltic sea: cod (gadus morhua), herring (clupea harengus) and flounder (platichtys flesus), in the period 2000-2010. during the study period a marked decline in cesium activity concentration in fish muscle tissue was observed, which reflected changes in radionuclide activity concentration in seawater. no statistically significant temporal trends were determined in chan ... | 2013 | 22863062 |
| changes in salt solubility and microstructure of proteins from herring (clupea harengus) after ph-shift processing. | salt solubility of ph-shift isolated herring (clupea harengus) muscle proteins was studied in relation to ph exposure and microstructure using transmission electron microscopy (tem). using protein solubilization at ph 11.2 with subsequent precipitation at ph 5.5, salt solubility of the proteins decreased from 78 to 17%. by precipitating the alkali-solubilized proteins at the ph of native herring muscle, 6.5, salt solubility only decreased to 59%, proving that ph values between 6.5 and 5.5 affect ... | 2012 | 22746669 |
| environmental selection on transcriptome-derived snps in a high gene flow marine fish, the atlantic herring (clupea harengus). | high gene flow is considered the norm for most marine organisms and is expected to limit their ability to adapt to local environments. few studies have directly compared the patterns of differentiation at neutral and selected gene loci in marine organisms. we analysed a transcriptome-derived panel of 281 snps in atlantic herring (clupea harengus), a highly migratory small pelagic fish, for elucidating neutral and selected genetic variation among populations and to identify candidate genes for en ... | 2012 | 22694661 |
| survey of persistent organochlorine contaminants (pcdd, pcdf, and pcb) in fish collected from the polish baltic fishing areas. | concentrations and congener-specific profiles of pcdds, pcdfs, dl-pcbs, and ndl-pcbs were determined in five species of edible fish from the baltic sea (ices 24-27): salmon (salmo salar), baltic herring (clupea harengus membras), sprat (sprattus sprattus balticus), sea trout (salmo trutta m.trutta), and cod (gadus morhua callarias). marker pcbs were the dominant compounds (0.07-60.84 ng/g w.w.), followed by dl-pcbs (0.64-6.07 pg who-teq/g w.w.) and pcdd/pcdfs (0.22-5.67 pg who-teq w.w). the conc ... | 2012 | 22593715 |
| range compensation for backscattering measurements in the difference-frequency nearfield of a parametric sonar. | measurement of acoustic backscattering properties of targets requires removal of the range dependence of echoes. this process is called range compensation. for conventional sonars making measurements in the transducer farfield, the compensation removes effects of geometrical spreading and absorption. for parametric sonars consisting of a parametric acoustic transmitter and a conventional-sonar receiver, two additional range dependences require compensation when making measurements in the nonline ... | 2012 | 22559347 |
| lesion bacterial communities in american lobsters with diet-induced shell disease. | in southern new england, usa, shell disease affects the profitability of the american lobster homarus americanus fishery. in laboratory trials using juvenile lobsters, exclusive feeding of herring clupea harengus induces shell disease typified initially by small melanized spots that progress into distinct lesions. amongst a cohabitated, but segregated, cohort of 11 juvenile lobsters fed exclusively herring, bacterial communities colonizing spots and lesions were investigated by denaturing gradie ... | 2012 | 22535872 |
| toxicity of crude oil chemically dispersed in a wave tank to embryos of atlantic herring (clupea harengus). | tests of crude oil toxicity to fish are often chronic, exposing embryos from fertilization to hatch to oil solutions prepared using standard mixing procedures. however, during oil spills, fish are not often exposed for long periods and the dynamic nature of the ocean is not easily replicated in the lab. our objective was to determine if brief exposures of atlantic herring (clupea harengus) embryos to dispersed oil prepared by standard mixing procedures was as toxic as oil dispersed in a more rea ... | 2012 | 22488782 |
| influences of potential predictor variables on gastric evacuation in atlantic cod gadus morhua feeding on fish prey: parameterization of a generic model. | the parameter values of a generic model of gastric evacuation were estimated from evacuation data on atlantic cod gadus morhua fed meals of four fish prey: herring clupea harengus, sprat sprattus sprattus, lesser sandeel ammodytes tobianus and dab limanda limanda. the effects on evacuation of photoperiod and pre-experimental treatment of prey were also tested. freshly killed a. tobianus were evacuated from the stomach of g. morhua at a rate similar to the value estimated from conspecifics kept d ... | 2012 | 22380555 |
| behavior of captive herring exposed to naval sonar transmissions (1.0-1.6 khz) throughout a yearly cycle. | atlantic herring, clupea harengus, is a hearing specialist, and several studies have demonstrated strong responses to man-made noise, for example, from an approaching vessel. to avoid negative impacts from naval sonar operations, a set of studies of reaction patters of herring to low-frequency (1.0-1.5 khz) naval sonar signals has been undertaken. this paper presents herring reactions to sonar signals and other stimuli when kept in captivity under detailed acoustic and video monitoring. througho ... | 2012 | 22352533 |
| risk of environmental genotoxicity in the baltic sea over the period of 2009-2011 assessed by micronuclei frequencies in blood erythrocytes of flounder (platichthys flesus), herring (clupea harengus) and eelpout (zoarces viviparus). | environmental genotoxicity was investigated at 82 locations encompassing different regions of the baltic sea. micronuclei (mn) analysis was performed in erythrocytes of 1892 specimens of flounder platichthys flesus, herring clupea harengus and eelpout zoarces viviparus, three of the most common native fish species of the baltic sea collected in 2009-2011. mn background levels in fish were determined using data obtained in 2001-2011 from 107 baltic sites. extremely high genotoxicity risk zones we ... | 2012 | 22349255 |
| detection of small bioactive peptides from atlantic herring (clupea harengus l.). | recent research has shown that fish residual materials contain a range of components with interesting biological activity. therefore, there is a great potential in the marine bioprocess industry to utilize these by-products as starting material for generating more valuable products. the aim of the present study was to search for bioactive peptides (in particular small natural bioactive peptides with molecular weight lower than 10 kda) in atlantic herring (clupea harengus l.) by-products such as ... | 2012 | 22342594 |
| protein synthesis, growth and energetics in larval herring (clupea harengus) at different feeding regimes. | rates of growth, protein synthesis and oxygen consumption were measured in herring larvae, clupea harengus, in order to estimate the contribution that protein synthesis makes to oxygen consumption during rapid growth at 8°c. protein synthesis rates were determined in larvae 9 to 17 d after hatching. larvae were bathed in (3)h phenylalanine for several hours and the free pool and protein-bound phenylalanine specific radioactivities were determined.fractional rates of protein synthesis increased 5 ... | 1995 | 24197441 |
| ovigerity, selective predation, and variable diel vertical migration in euchaeta elongata (copepoda: calanoida). | we present a statistical analysis of a previously published (yen, 1983) but heretofore unanalyzed data set on the vertical distributions and diel vertical migration (dvm) of adult females of the marine planktonic copepod euchaeta elongata in dabob bay, washington, usa. non-ovigerous females were strongly migratory on all four dates sampled, residing between 75-175 m during the day and at shallower depths during the night, commonly entering the upper 50 m of the water column. in contrast, ovigero ... | 1991 | 28313831 |
| optimization of the pepsin digestion method for anisakids inspection in the fishing industry. | during the last 50 years human anisakiasis has been rising while parasites have increased their prevalence at determined fisheries becoming an emergent major public health problem. although artificial enzymatic digestion procedure by codex (stan 244-2004: standard for salted atlantic herring and salted sprat) is the recommended protocol for anisakids inspection, no international agreement has been achieved in veterinary and scientific digestion protocols to regulate this growing source of biolog ... | 2013 | 23044250 |
| evolution of type ii antifreeze protein genes in teleost fish: a complex scenario involving lateral gene transfers and episodic directional selection. | i examined hypotheses about lateral transfer of type ii antifreeze protein (afp) genes among "distantly" related teleost fish. the effects of episodic directional selection on amino acid evolution were also investigated. the strict consensus results showed that the type ii afp and type ii antifreeze-like protein genes were transferred from osmerus mordax to clupea harengus, from the ancestral lineage of the brachyopsis rostratus-hemitripterus americanus clade to the ancestor of the hypomesus nip ... | 2012 | 23032610 |