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variations in the gene expression of zona pellucida proteins, zpb and zpc, in female european eel (anguilla anguilla) during induced sexual maturation.vertebrate eggs are surrounded by an extracellular glycoprotein coat termed zona pellucida (zp). integrity of zp is critical for a correct embryo development. two zona pellucida protein genes (zpb and zpc) from european eel were characterized, specific qpcr assays developed and their expression in immature males and females carried out. an experimental group of silver-stage eel females was maintained at 18 °c and hormonally induced to sexual maturation by weekly injections of carp pituitary extr ...201222750510
can a specialist parasite species of a widespread and common host species be rare? the case of spinitectus inermis (nematoda: cystidicolidae) in eels anguilla anguilla.the claim by many authors that spinitectus inermis (zeder, 1800), a narrowly specific parasite of european eels anguilla anguilla (l.), is a rare species is considered at three levels: its geographical range, its frequency of occurrence compared to other eel parasites and its relative abundance in component communities. the parasite is widely distributed in freshwater throughout the european range of the eel but its occurrence is erratic and unpredictable, being known from only 8 countries. surv ...201222779113
diverse migration strategy between freshwater and seawater habitats in the freshwater eel genus anguilla.the freshwater eels of the genus anguilla, which are catadromous, migrate between freshwater growth habitats and offshore spawning areas. a number of recent studies, however, found examples of the temperate species anguilla anguilla, anguilla rostrata, anguilla japonica, anguilla australis and anguilla dieffenbachii that have never migrated into fresh water, spending their entire life history in the ocean. furthermore, those studies found an intermediate type between marine and freshwater reside ...201222803719
infection of european eel, anguilla anguilla (l.), with the nematode anguillicoloides crassus (kuwahara, niimi et itagaki, 1974) in polish waters.the aim of this study was to determine the degree of anguillicoloides crassus infection in european eel inhabiting polish waters based on selected parasitic descriptors and on anatomical pathology of the swimbladder using macroscopic methods. in all, 154 european eel specimens were sampled from eleven sites in poland and a. crassus was present in the swimbladder of 114 fish. the intensity of a. crassus infection in all the eel specimens ranged from 1 to 62 parasites at a mean value of 7.5. high ...201222844702
koi herpesvirus encodes and expresses a functional interleukin-10.koi herpesvirus (khv) (species cyprinid herpesvirus 3) orf134 was shown to transcribe a spliced transcript encoding a 179-amino-acid (aa) interleukin-10 (il-10) homolog (khvil-10) in koi fin (kf-1) cells. pairwise sequence alignment indicated that the expressed product shares 25% identity with carp il-10, 22 to 24% identity with mammalian (including primate) il-10s, and 19.1% identity with european eel herpesvirus il-10 (ahvil-10). in phylogenetic analyses, khvil-10 fell in a divergent position ...201222896613
polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in fresh water fish from campania region, southern italy.twenty-eight fish muscle specimens from the main water bodies of the campania region were analyzed in our laboratory. on average, results showed a low contamination by pcdds+pcdfs and a relatively more important presence of dl-pcbs. all specimens were compliant with eu regulatory maximum levels. cumulative pcdd+pcdf+dl-pcb concentrations (teq(tot)) were comprised in the range 0.223-11.4 pgwho(97)-teq g(-1) fresh weight (fw). dl-pcb contribution to teq(tot) was on average greater than 86% (range, ...201322921647
accumulation of mn, co, zn, rb, cd, sn, ba, sr, and pb in the otoliths and tissues of eel (anguilla anguilla) following long-term exposure in an estuarine environment.aiming at increasing the resolution of otolith tracers, we investigated the possibility to use mn, co, zn, rb, cd, sn, ba, sr, and pb otolith composition to retrieve the movements of eels (anguilla anguilla) in the lower gironde watershed. caging experiments were designed to validate the site specific otolith signatures. individually identified eels were reared in cages in three locations along the estuarine and river gradient. three trials were set up for successive periods of 3 months and 6 mo ...201222954653
brominated flame retardants and dechloranes in eels from german rivers.the levels of pbdes, alternate bfrs and dechloranes in european eel (anguilla anguilla) samples (elvers, yellow and silver eels) were investigated to compare the contamination of eels from the rivers elbe and rhine and to estimate the bfr contamination throughout the eel's life cycle. pbdes were the dominating flame retardants (frs) in muscle tissues of yellow and silver eels, while the alternate bfr 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (dpte) and the dechlorane 602 were the dominating f ...201322985592
surviving in a toxic world: transcriptomics and gene expression profiling in response to environmental pollution in the critically endangered european eel.genomic and transcriptomic approaches have the potential for unveiling the genome-wide response to environmental perturbations. the abundance of the catadromous european eel (anguilla anguilla) stock has been declining since the 1980s probably due to a combination of anthropogenic and climatic factors. in this paper, we explore the transcriptomic dynamics between individuals from high (river tiber, italy) and low pollution (lake bolsena, italy) environments, which were measured for 36 pcbs, seve ...201223009661
viral diseases of wild and farmed european eel anguilla anguilla with particular reference to the netherlands.diseases are an important cause of losses and decreased production rates in freshwater eel farming, and have been suggested to play a contributory role in the worldwide decline in wild freshwater eel stocks. three commonly detected pathogenic viruses of european eel anguilla anguilla are the aquabirnavirus eel virus european (eve), the rhabdovirus eel virus european x (evex), and the alloherpesvirus anguillid herpesvirus 1 (anghv1). in general, all 3 viruses cause a nonspecific haemorrhagic dise ...201223047193
topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of deropristis inflata molin, 1859 (digenea: deropristidae), a parasite of the european eel anguilla anguilla (osteichthyes: anguillidae).the tegumental ultrastructure of the intestine fluke deropristis inflata was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the surface of the tegument was covered by transverse cytoplasmic ridges from which protrude numerous thorn-like spines showing crenelated tips on the posterior part. spines were arranged in staggered rows. cobblestone-like units of the tegument were observed on a semicircle-shaped formation over the oral sucker. a tegumental excrescence was observed in the do ...201323052788
contamination, parasitism and condition of anguilla anguilla in three italian stocks.in conjunction with habitat loss and overfishing, pollution and parasitism are believed to be relevant causes of collapse of anguilla, as these can affect eel swimming ability and the development of gonads and embryos. the present study investigated persistent organic pollutant (pop) concentrations, infection levels of anguillicoloides crassus, lipid content and gonad abnormalities in eels sampled in 2007-2008 in three italian water bodies (caprolace lake, lesina lagoon and tevere river) that va ...201323076840
unusual cases of adult intersexuality in the european eel anguilla anguilla.two cases of intersexuality are reported for the first time in european eel, anguilla anguilla (at the beginning of the silver eel stage), within 140 fish caught as glass eels in the south-west of france and reared in tanks at 17°c. cysts containing spermatozoa were observed in ovaries with pre-vitellogenic oocytes. this feature is very uncommon, especially owing to the fact that male cells do not normally reach this stage in captivity, and an environmentally controlled transdifferentation proce ...201223095260
merging species? evidence for hybridization between the eel parasites anguillicola crassus and a. novaezelandiae (nematoda, anguillicolidea).the eel parasitic nematodes anguillicola crassus (originating from asia) and anguillicola novaezelandiae (originating from new zealand) were both introduced to europe, but occurred in sympatry only in lake bracciano in italy, where they both infected the european eel (anguilla anguilla). a. novaezelandiae was introduced to the lake in 1975 and disappeared soon after a. crassus was also found there in 1993. we tested the hypothesis if hybridization of the two species might be an explanation for t ...201223111012
effects of temperature on the nitric oxide-dependent modulation of the frank-starling mechanism: the fish heart as a case study.the frank-starling law is a fundamental property of the vertebrate myocardium which allows, when the end-diastolic volume increases, that the consequent stretch of the myocardial fibers generates a more forceful contraction. it has been shown that in the eel (anguilla anguilla) heart, nitric oxide (no) exerts a direct myocardial relaxant effect, increasing the sensitivity of the frank-starling response (garofalo et al., 2009). with the use of isolated working heart preparations, this study inves ...201323123761
epr detection of paramagnetic chromium in liver of fish (anguilla anguilla) treated with dichromate(vi) and associated oxidative stress responses-contribution to elucidation of toxicity mechanisms.the impact of chromium (cr) on fish health has been the subject of numerous investigations, establishing a wide spectrum of toxicity, attributed particularly to the hexavalent form [cr(vi)]. however, reports on the simultaneous assessment of cr toxicity in fish and its toxico-kinetics, namely involving metal speciation, are scarce. therefore, keeping in view the understanding of the mechanisms of cr(vi) toxicity, this work intended to detect the formation of paramagnetic cr species in liver of a ...201323142145
spatial trends of organochlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in atlantic anguillid eels.the bioaccumulation of lipophilic contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), organochlorine pesticides (ocps), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) can result in a reduction in fitness and spawner quality in eels and may be a factor in anguillid sp. population declines. contaminant concentrations in eels have been studied extensively in europe, but data for american eels are severely lacking. concentrations of pcbs, ocps, and pbdes were determined in american eel from eastern c ...201323168331
distribution and relationships of as, cd, pb and hg in freshwater fish from five french fishing areas.the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead in 149 muscle samples of eight freshwater fish species (european eel, bream, common carp, european catfish, roach, perch, pike and pikeperch) from five different french fishing areas from contaminated and control sites were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion under pressure. no significant correlation was found between the condition factor (cf), based on the length-mass relationship, and as, c ...201323177713
multiple kisspeptin receptors in early osteichthyans provide new insights into the evolution of this receptor family.deorphanization of gpr54 receptor a decade ago led to the characterization of the kisspeptin receptor (kissr) in mammals and the discovery of its major role in the brain control of reproduction. while a single gene encodes for kissr in eutherian mammals including human, other vertebrates present a variable number of kissr genes, from none in birds, one or two in teleosts, to three in an amphibian, xenopus. in order to get more insight into the evolution of kissr gene family, we investigated the ...201223185286
ultrastructural data on the sporogenesis of myxidium giardi, cépède 1906 (myxozoa, myxosporidia), parasite of anguilla anguilla (teleostea).ultrastructural study of myxidium giardi showed that pluricellularity is maintained by the formation of septate desmosomes. the polar capsule is formed from helicoidal depositions of banded material in the initial vacuole. this process makes possible not only the formation of the rigid capsular body but also of the flexible polar filament which is evaginable and reversed in the capsule. the special feature of the genus myxidium is the ornamentation of the valvogenic cells of the spores in the fo ...199323195549
catalasic activity in fish liver: improvement of the uv to visible analytic method.antioxidative defenses and more especially catalasic activity (cat) are studied in a large range of scientific research thematics. in environmental sciences, the problematic of oxidative stress is of great interest as pollutants can induce perturbations of redox homeostasis. consequently, changes in antioxidative defenses levels in fish tissues and particularly in liver are used as potential biomarkers of pollution. in most studies, the cat was assayed by following during 5 min the consumption o ...201323224832
gene transcription reflects poor health status of resident european eel chronically exposed to environmental pollutants.understanding the effects of chronic exposure to pollutants on the genome and transcriptome of diadromous fish populations is crucial for their resilience under combined anthropogenic and environmental selective pressures. the catadromous european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) has suffered a dramatic decline in recruitment for three decades, necessitating a thorough assessment of the transcriptional effects of environmental pollutants on resident and migrating eels in natural systems. we investigat ...201323247545
proteomic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the european eel (anguilla anguilla) after perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure.since the 1980s, the stocks of european eel have been declining in most of their geographical distribution area. many factors can be attributed to this decline such as pollution by xenobiotics like perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos). this study aimed at evaluating the in vitro toxicity of eel peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) exposed to pfos. exposure time and two concentrations were chosen to avoid cell mortality (48 h exposure at 10 μg pfos/l and 1mg pfos/l). after in vitro contamination ...201323261670
comparative evolutionary histories of kisspeptins and kisspeptin receptors in vertebrates reveal both parallel and divergent features.during the past decade, the kisspeptin system has been identified in various vertebrates, leading to the discovery of multiple genes encoding both peptides (kiss) and receptors (kissr). the investigation of recently published genomes from species of phylogenetic interest, such as a chondrichthyan, the elephant shark, an early sarcopterygian, the coelacanth, a non-teleost actinopterygian, the spotted gar, and an early teleost, the european eel, allowed us to get new insights into the molecular di ...201223272003
co-infection with pseudomonas anguilliseptica and delftia acidovorans in the european eel, anguilla anguilla (l.): a case history of an illegally trafficked protected species.inspections by customs agents at barcelona airport discovered 420 kg of contraband glass eels prepared for shipment to hong kong. after confiscation of these animals by police, they were transported to holding facilities to be maintained until after a judicial hearing. upon arrival, they were separated into two groups and held under ambient flow-through conditions in fresh water. during their captivity period, several peaks in mortality occurred and multiple bacterial strains were isolated from ...201323297744
is the continental life of the european eel anguilla anguilla affected by the parasitic invader anguillicoloides crassus?quantifying the fitness cost that parasites impose on wild hosts is a challenging task, because the epidemiological history of field-sampled hosts is often unknown. in this study, we used an internal marker of the parasite pressure on individual hosts to evaluate the costs of parasitism with respect to host body condition, size increase and reproductive potential of field-collected animals for which we also determined individual age. in our investigated system, the european eel anguilla anguilla ...201323325776
new insights regarding gonad development in european eel: evidence for a direct ovarian differentiation.in european eel, it has been proposed that the undifferentiated gonad would develop into either an intersexual stage (syrski organ) or directly into an ovary. the syrski organ could then develop into either an ovary or a testis. in the present study, glass eels were raised until they reached a minimum size of 29 cm for histological sex assessment. in addition, some undifferentiated individuals with size encompassing 15-28 cm were sampled in a female-biased population (oir river). we also investi ...201323334566
individual and combined effects of copper and parasitism on osmoregulation in the european eel anguilla anguilla.the european eel (anguilla anguilla), a catadromous species, breeds in the sea and migrates to estuarine, lagoon or freshwater habitats for growth and development. yellow eels, exposed to low or fluctuating salinities, are also exposed to multiple other stressors as pollution, over-fishing and parasitism, which contribute to the dramatic decrease of eel populations in several european countries. the objective of this study was to evaluate the single and combined effects of waterborne copper and ...201223340332
environmental hazard of yperite released at sea: sublethal toxic effects on fish.the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicological effects on fish related to the leakage of yperite from rusted bomb shells dumped at sea. both in vivo and field studies have been performed. as for the in vivo experiment, specimen of european eel were subcutaneously injected with 0.015, 0.15 and 1.5mg/kg of yperite and sacrificed after 24 and 48 h. in the field study, specimen of conger eel were collected from a dumping site in the southern adriatic sea. the presence/absence of y ...201323380450
temporal repeatability of metabolic rate and the effect of organ mass and enzyme activity on metabolism in european eel (anguilla anguilla).intraspecific variation in metabolic rate of fish can be pronounced and have been linked to various fitness-related behavioural and physiological traits, but the underlying causes for this variation have received far less attention than the consequences of it. in the present study we investigated whether european eels (anguilla anguilla) displayed temporal repeatability of body-mass-corrected (residual) metabolic rate over a two-month period and if variations in organ mass and enzyme activity be ...201323388212
the transcriptome of the invasive eel swimbladder nematode parasite anguillicola crassus.anguillicola crassus is an economically and ecologically important parasitic nematode of eels. the native range of a. crassus is in east asia, where it infects anguilla japonica, the japanese eel. a. crassus was introduced into european eels, anguilla anguilla, 30 years ago. the parasite is more pathogenic in its new host than in its native one, and is thought to threaten the endangered an. anguilla across its range. the molecular bases for the increased pathogenicity of the nematodes in their n ...201323394720
tracking the migratory success of stocked european eels anguilla anguilla in the baltic sea.to investigate the extent to which european silver eels anguilla anguilla, originating from stocking programmes in the baltic sea tributaries, effectively contribute to the spawning stock, two hundred and seventy-four formerly stocked a. anguilla. emigrating from the schwentine river near kiel, germany, were tagged with t-bar anchor tags. a total of 29 anguilla spp. were recaptured (c. 11%) up to 14 months after release. stocking history of recaptured a. anguilla. was confirmed by otolith microc ...201323398076
molecular characterization of three gnrh receptor paralogs in the european eel, anguilla anguilla: tissue-distribution and changes in transcript abundance during artificially induced sexual development.gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (gnrh-r) activation stimulates synthesis and release of gonadotropins in the vertebrate pituitary and also mediates other processes both in the brain and in peripheral tissues. to better understand the differential function of multiple gnrh-r paralogs, three gnrh-r genes (gnrhr1a, 1b, and 2) were isolated and characterized in the european eel. all three gnrhr genes were expressed in the brain and pituitary of pre-pubertal eels, and also in several peripher ...201323416230
standardization of european eel (anguilla anguilla) sperm motility evaluation by casa software.the development of powerful computer-assisted sperm analysis software has made kinetic studies of spermatozoa possible. this system has been used and validated for several species, but some technical questions have emerged regarding fish sample evaluations (i.e., frame rate, sperm dilution, chamber model, time of analysis, magnification lens, etc.). in the present study, we have evaluated the effects of different procedural and biological settings with the aim to correctly measure sperm quality ...201323465287
mercury bioaccumulation along food webs in temperate aquatic ecosystems colonized by aquatic macrophytes in south western france.mercury (hg) is considered as an important pollutant for aquatic systems as its organic form, methylmercury (mehg), is easily bioaccumulated and bioamplified along food webs. in various ecosystems, aquatic periphyton associated with macrophyte was identified as an important place for hg storage and methylation by microorganisms. our study concerns temperate aquatic ecosystems (south western france) colonized by invasive macrophytes and characterized by high mercury methylation potentials. this w ...201323466146
detecting genome-wide gene transcription profiles associated with high pollution burden in the critically endangered european eel.the european eel illustrates an example of a critically endangered fish species strongly affected by human stressors throughout its life cycle, in which pollution is considered to be one of the factors responsible for the decline of the stock. the objective of our study was to better understand the transcriptional response of european eels chronically exposed to pollutants in their natural environment. a total of 42 pre-migrating (silver) female eels from lowly, highly and extremely polluted env ...201323518471
magnetic compass orientation in the european eel.european eel migrate from freshwater or coastal habitats throughout europe to their spawning grounds in the sargasso sea. however, their route (~ 6000 km) and orientation mechanisms are unknown. several attempts have been made to prove the existence of magnetoreception in anguilla sp., but none of these studies have demonstrated magnetic compass orientation in earth-strength magnetic field intensities. we tested eels in four altered magnetic field conditions where magnetic north was set at geogr ...201323554997
evolutionary divergence of the swim bladder nematode anguillicola crassus after colonization of a novel host, anguilla anguilla.anguillicola crassus, a swim bladder nematode naturally parasitizing the japanese eel, was introduced about 30 years ago from east asia into europe where it colonized almost all populations of the european eel. we conducted a common garden experiment under a reciprocal transfer design infecting both european and japanese eels with populations of a. crassus from germany, poland and taiwan. we tested, whether differences in infectivity, developmental dynamics and reproductive output between the eu ...201323566258
conclusive evidence for panmixia in the american eel.eels are unique species in the biological world. the two north atlantic eel species, the american eel (anguilla rostrata) and the european eel (a. anguilla), occupy a broad range of habitats from the caribbean to greenland in the western atlantic and from morocco to iceland in the eastern atlantic, respectively. north atlantic eels have a catadromous life cycle, spawning only in the sargasso sea and spending the majority of their lives in continental (fresh, brackish and coastal) waters. despite ...201323620904
a resource of genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms generated by rad tag sequencing in the critically endangered european eel.reduced representation genome sequencing such as restriction-site-associated dna (rad) sequencing is finding increased use to identify and genotype large numbers of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in model and nonmodel species. we generated a unique resource of novel snp markers for the european eel using the rad sequencing approach that was simultaneously identified and scored in a genome-wide scan of 30 individuals. whereas genomic resources are increasingly becoming available for this ...201323656721
seawater acclimation and inositol monophosphatase isoform expression in the european eel (anguilla anguilla) and nile tilapia (orechromis niloticus).inositol monophosphatase (impa) is responsible for the synthesis of inositol, a polyol that can function as an intracellular osmolyte helping re-establish cell volume when exposed to hypertonic environments. some epithelial tissues in euryhaline teleosts such as the eel and tilapia encounter considerable hyperosmotic challenge when fish move from freshwater (fw) to seawater (sw) environments; however, the roles played by organic osmolytes, such as inositol, have yet to be determined. syntenic an ...201323739342
influence of site, season, silvering stage, and length on the parasites of the european eel anguilla anguilla in two mediterranean coastal lagoons of the island of corsica, france using indicator species method.the parasites of 425 european eels, anguilla anguilla, were studied between 2009 and 2012 in two mediterranean coastal lagoons of the island of corsica, france. an indicator value (indval) method was used for analysis, which combines measures of fidelity and specificity. because of its resilience to detect changes in abundance, indval is an effective ecological bioindicator. the indval method demonstrated that site, season, silvering stage, and length could influence the occurrence of parasite s ...201323739809
the presence of eu priority substances mercury, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene and pbdes in wild fish from four english rivers.since 2007 about 200 to 300 fish per year--generally roach (rutilus rutilus) also a few bleak (alburnus alburnus) and eels (anguilla anguilla)--have been collected from a number of english river sites and stored at -80°c to build up a fish tissue archive as a resource for the monitoring of pollutants. some of the fish from the fish tissue archive from the years 2007-2011 were analyzed for substances in current and proposed european legislation regarding environmental quality standards (eqs) in b ...201323747559
concentrations of microcystins in tissues of several fish species from freshwater reservoirs and ponds.the aim of this study is to summarise the determination of concentrations of microcystins (mcs) in muscle and liver of freshwater fish species caught in stagnant waters of the czech republic. within the years 2007-2009, 351 muscle samples and 291 liver samples of 16 freshwater fish species derived from four fishponds, and four water reservoirs were analysed. mcs were detected in 53 liver samples. the highest concentrations of microcystins were determined in liver samples of carnivorous fish spec ...201323756815
evaluation of methods to determine sperm density for the european eel, anguilla anguilla.european eel, anguilla anguilla, is a target species for future captive breeding, yet best methodology to estimate sperm density for application in in vitro fertilization is not established. thus, our objectives were to evaluate methods to estimate european eel sperm density including spermatocrit, computer-assisted sperm analysis (casa) and flow cytometry (fcm), using neubauer improved haemocytometer as benchmark. initially, relationships between spermatocrit, haemocytometer counts and sperm mo ...201323772654
morphological and molecular characterization of lecithochirium grandiporum (digenea: hemiuridae) infecting the european eel anguilla anguilla as a new host record in egypt.in the present study, the morphological and molecular characterization of lecithochirium grandiporum, a digenetic trematode infecting the european eel anguilla anguilla (family (f): anguillidae), were described for the first time from burullus lake, kafr el-sheikh governorate, egypt. twenty-five out of 60 specimens (infection rate of 41.66%) were found to be naturally infected. infection was recorded as small worms attached to the inner wall of the intestine of host fish. adult worms measured 1. ...201323820602
gemfibrozil modulates cytochrome p450 and peroxisome proliferation-inducible enzymes in the liver of the yellow european eel (anguilla anguilla).the human lipid regulator gemfibrozil (gem) has been shown to induce peroxisome proliferation in rodents leading to hepatocarcinogenesis. since gem is found at biological active concentrations in the aquatic environment, the present study investigates the effects of this drug on the yellow european eel (anguilla anguilla). eels were injected with different concentrations of gem (0.1 to 200 μg/g) and sampled 24- and 96-h post-injection. gem was shown to inhibit cyp1a, cyp3a and cyp2k-like catalyt ...201423828728
characterization of four mx isoforms in the european eel, anguilla anguilla.mx protein is known to play an important role in vertebrate immune response to viral infection. in this study, cdna sequences of four mx isoforms, designated as mxa, b, c and d were characterized in the european eel, anguilla anguilla. these sequences contained an open reading frame of 1899, 1896, 1866, 1779 bp, flanked by 95, 53, 138, 69 bp of 5' untranslated region and 389, 241, 136, 124 bp of 3' untranslated region, respectively. a phylogenetic tree constructed with mx peptide sequences from ...201323872472
biomass and number of fish impinged at a nuclear power plant by the baltic sea.the main aim of this study was to investigate the number and biomass of impinged fish at forsmark nuclear power plant in sweden, located on the coast of the baltic sea. of particular interest was the number of impinged individuals of the critically endangered european eel (anguilla anguilla) which is regularly caught in the cooling system. another aim was to determine the comparability of the results from forsmark and results from impingement studies in other types of waters. cross-systems studi ...201323880915
characterization of a novel picornavirus isolate from a diseased european eel (anguilla anguilla).a novel picornavirus was isolated from specimens of a diseased european eel (anguilla anguilla). this virus induced a cytopathic effect in eel embryonic kidney cells and high mortality in a controlled transmission study using elvers. eel picornavirus has a genome of 7,496 nucleotides that encodes a polyprotein of 2,259 amino acids. it has a typical picornavirus genome layout, but its low similarity to known viral proteins suggests a novel species in the family picornaviridae.201323885066
characterization of pamp/prr interactions in european eel (anguilla anguilla) macrophage-like primary cell cultures.the eel (anguilla anguilla) has been identified as a vulnerable species with stocks dramatically declining over the past decade. in an effort to support the species from overfishing of wild stocks increased interest in eel aquaculture has been notable. in order to expand the scarce knowledge concerning the biology of this species significant research efforts are required in several fields of biology. the development of cell culture systems to study the immune response is a key step towards an in ...201323911651
can differences in life cycle explain differences in invasiveness? - a study on anguillicola novaezelandiae in the european eel.anguillicola crassus is the most invasive species of its genus and it is a successful colonizer of different eel species worldwide. it is so far the only species of the genus anguillicola whose life cycle has been studied completely. to analyse whether differences in life cycle may explain differences in invasiveness, we infected european eels with anguillicola novaezelandiae under laboratory conditions. anguillicola novaezelandiae shows a synchronized development in the european eel. eggs with ...201323953638
male european eels are highly efficient long distance swimmers: effects of endurance swimming on maturation.european eels (anguilla anguilla) migrate ~6000km towards their spawning area in the sargasso sea. based on the recent discovery that males swim even more efficiently than females, it was predicted that males also would be able to swim ~6000km within six months. additionally, eels do not mature naturally in captivity due to strong neural inhibition. earlier, it was hypothesized that swimming exercise is a natural trigger to induce sexual maturation and may even result in full maturation. in the ...201323962432
vg mrna induction in an endangered fish species (anguilla anguilla) from the loire estuary (france).estuarine zones are extremely fragile due to increasing stress from anthropogenic activities. among those, the loire estuary (france) is potentially exposed to various contaminants including endocrine disruptors compounds (edcs) able to impact the reproduction physiology of fish. the european eel (anguilla anguilla), endangered fish species, is apparently not relevant, in its yellow stage, to monitor the effects of endocrine disruption. despite this weakly responsiveness, this study aimed to inv ...201323993220
humoral control of cardiac remodeling in fish: role of angiotensin ii.angiotensin ii (angii), the principal effector of the renin-angiotensin-system (ras), is a multipotent hormone whose biological actions include short-term modulation as well as long-term adjustments. in the eel heart, angii elicits short-term inotropic and chronotropic effects. however, information regarding the influence of angii on cardiac remodeling, expressed as morphological and hemodynamic changes, is lacking. to clarify the putative actions of angii on eel cardiac remodeling, we used fres ...201324080085
pah metabolites, gst and erod in european eel (anguilla anguilla) as possible indicators for eel habitat quality in german rivers.the stock of the european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) continues to decline and has reached a new minimum in 2011. poor health status of the spawners due to organic contaminants is one of the possible causes for this dramatic situation. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are ubiquitous contaminants, which are rapidly metabolized in vertebrates. erod (ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase) and gst (glutathione-s-transferase) are two enzymes involved in pah detoxification in fish. in this study, pah met ...201424085514
anguillids: conserving a global fishery.concern has increased in recent years over the sustainability of anguillid populations worldwide in the face of sustained consumer demand. this is as true of the more numerous tropical species as it is for the better known temperate species. there are, however, critical gaps in knowledge of anguillid biology and ecology, and these hold back measures designed to conserve and enhance anguillid populations, including aquaculture. developing a more integrated understanding of anguillid biology, and ...201324090547
looking for protein expression signatures in european eel peripheral blood mononuclear cells after in vivo exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate and a real world field study.the decline of european eel population can be attributed to many factors such as pollution by xenobiotics present in domestic and industrial effluents. perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) is a ubiquitous compound of a particular concern in europe. pfos can reach high concentrations in tissues of organisms and many toxic effects have been reported in fish. this study aimed at evaluating the toxicological effects of pfos in european eel peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) at the protein expres ...201424095681
application of congener based multi-matrix profiling techniques to identify potential pcdd/f sources in environmental samples from the burrishoole catchment in the west of ireland.homologue and congener profiles of pcdd/fs in eels, passive sampler and sediment extracts from the burrishoole, a rural upland catchment on the western irish seaboard were compared with potential pcdd sources. σpcdd/f levels in eels ranged from 2.9 to 25.9 pg g(-1) wet weight, which are elevated compared to other irish locations. the ocdd congener dominated the pattern of σpcdd/fs in all matrices from burrishoole. passive samplers were successfully deployed to identify for the first time the pre ...201424121420
the pituitary gland of the european eel reveals massive expression of genes involved in the melanocortin system.hormones secreted from the pituitary gland regulate important processes such as development, growth and metabolism, reproduction, water balance, and body pigmentation. synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones are regulated by different factors from the hypothalamus, but also through feedback mechanisms from peripheral organs, and from the pituitary itself. in the european eel extensive attention has been directed towards understanding the different components of the brain-pituitary-gonad ax ...201324130881
influence of introduced vs. native parasites on the body condition of migrant silver eels.because parasitism is among the reasons invoked to explain the collapse of anguilla anguilla, we evaluated the parasitic constraint on body condition (bc) of migrant silver eels as a proxy of fitness with inter-site comparisons. metazoan parasites were studied in 149 silver eels from five sites (northern europe). in total, 89% were infected by 13 species including myxozoa, monogenea, cestoda, nematoda, and acanthocephala. anguillicoloides crassus was most common (56%), then acanthocephalus clavu ...201324135272
temporal and spatial changes in the composition and structure of helminth component communities in european eels anguilla anguilla in an adriatic coastal lagoon and some freshwaters in italy.the composition and diversity of the helminth component communities in eels anguilla anguilla were determined in three separate localities in italy: an adriatic coastal lagoon, comacchio and two freshwater localities, the river po and the lake piediluco. data from comacchio lagoon were analysed over 15 years to determine whether community composition and diversity changed significantly overtime. the community was species rich (nine species, all marine except proteocephalus macrocephalus) and was ...201424135871
primary sequence, tissue specificity and mrna expression of the na(+),k (+) -atpase β1 subunit in the european eel (anguilla anguilla).the entire amino acid coding sequence of the na(+),k(+)-atpase β1 isoform was cloned from the gill of the european eel (anguilla anguilla) by a pcr based method. the amino acid sequence translated from the nucleotide sequence shared 61.4 and 56.2% homology respectively with previously published na(+),k(+)-atpase β1 isoform sequences from the clawed toad (xenopus laevis) and the ray (torpedo californica) an elasmobranch fish. the size of the na(+),k(+)-atpase β1 mrna transcript in eel tissues was ...199524197533
differential distribution and response to experimental sexual maturation of two forms of brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) in the european eel, anguilla anguilla.using specific radioimmunoassays for the two gnrh molecular forms present in the european eel, anguilla anguilla, (mgnrh and cgnrh ii), we compared their distributions in the pituitary and different parts of the brain of female silver eels, as well as the modifications of their levels in experimentally matured female eels (treated with carp pituitary extract). in control eels, mgnrh levels were higher than cgnrh ii levels in the pituitary, olfactory lobes and telencephalon, di- and mesencephalon ...199324202465
effects of ambient ion concentrations on gill atpases in fresh water eel,anguilla anguilla.branchial activities of na(+),k(+)-atpase (ouabain sensitive), mg(2+) atpase (ouabain insensitive) and kinetic analysis of high and low affinity ca(2+) atpase were measured inanguilla anguilla that had been acclimated to demineralized water (dw, ca < 10 μm), freshwater (fw, ca = 2 mm), and low calcium freshwater (l-ca, ca = 0.9 mm). na(+),k(+)-atpase activity decreased while ouabain insensitive activity increased when ambient ca(2+) decreased. two kinetic forms of ca(2+) atpase could be resolved ...199224214197
effect of insulin in the diet on the growth of european eels (anguilla anguilla l.).the effect of oral administration of insulin, in various concentrations, on the growth of european eels (anguilla anguilla l.) was studied. in order to determine whether the insulin penetrated through the stomach or gills to the blood system, 5 ml insulin, suspended in an 0.6% solution of nacl, was inserted via the mouth of eels, and the insulin content in the blood measured by radioimmunoassay immediately, and at one and two hours after administration. a control group was given 0.6% nacl alone. ...199224214275
stanniocalcin kinetics in freshwater and seawater european eel (anguilla anguilla).the kinetics and hypocalcemic potency of stanniocalcin (stc) were examined in freshwater and seawater eels. the secretion rate and the metabolic clearance rate of stc were calculated from the stc disappearance curve after intra-arterial injection of trout stc. basal plasma stc concentrations in freshwater and seawater eels did not differ but the stc secretion rate and metabolic clearance rate in seawater eel were 70-75% higher than in fw eel. the increased stc distribution space in seawater eels ...199324214449
effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance p, 5-hydroxytryptamine, met-enkephalin and neurotensin on the swimbladder smooth muscle of two teleost species,gadus morhua andanguilla anguilla.the effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), substance p (sp), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), neurotensin (nt) and met-enkephalin (menk) on the smooth muscles of the teleost swimbladder were studied in two teleost species, the atlantic cod (gadus morhua) and the eel (anguilla anguilla). the study was made on isolated strip preparations of the muscularis mucosae, using putative transmitters corresponding to the immunoreactive materials that have previously been localized by immunohistoche ...199124214612
comparative study of acetylcholine synthesis in organs of freshwater teleosts.the activity of acetylcholine (ach) synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (chat), and the content of ach were determined in the brain, heart, red trunk muscle and midgut of 12 freshwater teleost species belonging to eight families: carp (cyprinus carpio), tench (tinca tinca), silver carp (hypophthalmichtys molitrix), bighead (hypophthalmichtys nobilis), wels (silurus glanis), cat fish (ictalurus nebulosus), eel (anguilla anguilla), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), pike (esox lucius) ...199124214667
importance of eating habits and sample size in the estimation of environmental mercury contamination using biological indicators.the importance of eating habits and the number of fish sampled in the estimation of mercury environmental contamination through biological indicators was studied. the species used were one with piscivorous habits (anguilla anguilla) and another with omnivorous habits (ciprinus carpio). from one original sample for each species, randomized samples were generated using the subroutine ggsrs from the mathematics library imsl, and later the statistical significance of pearson's correlation coefficien ...199324221024
the gnrh systems in the brain and pituitary of normal and hcg treated european silver eels.the distribution of immunoreactive gnrh was studied in the brain and pituitary gland of normal and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg) injected silver eels. it was found that the general organization of gnrh systems in this species is similar to that reported in other teleosts. cell bodies were present in the olfactory bulbs, ventral telencephalon, periventricular hypothalamus and dorsal tegmentum. no positive perikarya could be detected in the preoptic region. only scarce fibers were observed i ...198924221596
positive feedback control by the gonads on gonadotropin (gth) and gonadoliberin (gnrh) levels in experimentally matured female silver eels,anguilla anguilla.treatment of sham-operated female silver eels with carp pituitary extract stimulated ovarian development and induced increases in pituitary gonadotropin (gth) and gonadoliberin (gnrh) contents. both effects of carp pituitary extract were abolished in ovariectomized eels, indicating the involvement of the gonads. endogenous sexual steroids, the secretion of which was increased during sexual maturation, should be responsible for the stimulation of gth and gnrh levels. ovariectomy itself had no sig ...198924221767
the effect of 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine and 17-α-methyltestosterone on growth and body composition of the glass stage of the eel (anguilla anguilla l).this study was undertaken to determine the influence of orally administered 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) or 17-α-methyltestosterone (mt) on growth and body composition of the eel (anguilla anguilla l.) during the glass stage.elvers receiving 20 or 40 ppm of t3 in the food weighed significantly more (p < 0.05) than controls. however, after 61 days of treatment a dosage of 60 ppm was not efficacious.terminal percentages of body protein were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in elvers that received ...198624234666
pcb contamination in fish community from the gironde estuary (france): blast from the past.the contamination of the gironde estuary, southwest of france, by polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) was assessed using six fish of high ecological and economic importance as bioindicator species. the concentrations of 21 pcb congeners and total fat contents were determined in the muscle and liver of eels (anguilla anguilla), seabass (dicentrarchus labrax), flounders (platichthys flesus), meagres (argyrosomus regius), mullets (liza ramada), and soles (solea vulgaris). in addition, information rega ...201424238912
brominated flame retardants and dechloranes in european and american eels from glass to silver life stages.the populations of american (anguilla rostrata) and european eels (anguilla anguilla) have been declining rapidly in the last decades. organic contaminants are suspected to be one of the possible causes for the decline; however, so far there have been few investigations of the uptake of specific compounds by different life cycle stages (e.g. freshwater or marine stage) and how the contamination patterns develop throughout the eel's life cycle. in the present study we measured concentrations of p ...201424290300
the development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of abalone herpesvirus dna.a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed for the detection of abalone herpesvirus dna. two pairs of primers were designed, based on the sequence of the dna polymerase gene of abalone herpesvirus. the reaction temperature and time were optimized to 63°c and 60min, respectively. lamp amplicons were analyzed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis or by visual inspection of a colour change emitted by fluorescent dye. the method developed was specific for the detection of abalon ...201424291740
patterns of presence and concentration of pesticides in fish and waters of the júcar river (eastern spain).the júcar river, in a typical mediterranean basin, is expected to suffer a decline in water quality and quantity as a consequence of the climate change. this study is focused on the presence and distribution of pesticides in water and fish, using the first extensive optimization and application of the quechers method to determine pesticides in freshwater fish. majority pesticides in water - in terms of presence and concentration - were dichlofenthion, chlorfenvinphos, imazalil, pyriproxyfen and ...201424315814
dioxin-like, non-dioxin like pcb and pcdd/f contamination in european eel (anguilla anguilla) from the loire estuarine continuum: spatial and biological variabilities.to characterize the eel contamination by dioxin-like (dl) and non dioxin-like (ndl) polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (pcdd/fs), sixty-two eels from the loire estuary (france) were analyzed. pcb contamination significantly increased from glass eel stage (3.71 ± 1.85 and 15.2 ± 4.2 ng g(-1) dw) to other life stages (for yellow eels: 62.8 ± 34.4 and 382 ± 182 ng g(-1) dw; for silver eels: 93.7 ± 56.3 and 463 ± 245 ng g(-1) dw respectively for dl and ...201424317164
effect of low-dose cadmium exposure on dna methylation in the endangered european eel.there is increasing evidence that epigenetics can play a key role in the etiology of diseases engendered by chronic pollutant exposure. although epigenetics has received significant attention in the field of biomedicine during the last years, epigenetics research is surprisingly very limited in ecotoxicology. the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effects of low-dose cadmium exposure on the dna methylation profile in a critically endangered fish species, the european eel. e ...201424328039
recruitment collapse and population structure of the european eel shaped by local ocean current dynamics.worldwide, exploited marine fish stocks are under threat of collapse [1]. although the drivers behind such collapses are diverse, it is becoming evident that failure to consider evolutionary processes in fisheries management can have drastic consequences on a species' long-term viability [2]. the european eel (anguilla anguilla; linnaeus, 1758) is no exception: not only does the steep decline in recruitment observed in the 1980s [3, 4] remain largely unexplained, the punctual detection of geneti ...201424374306
are persistent organic pollutants and metals in eel muscle predictive for the ecological water quality?relationships between the presence of pcbs, ocps and metals in aquatic ecosystems and the ecological water quality were investigated by combining datasets of long-term monitoring of chemicals in european eel (anguilla anguilla, n = 1156) in flanders (belgium) and the ecological quality ratio (eqr), based on the assessment of fish assemblages at 185 locations. for most pollutants, eqr scores were lower when pollutant levels were higher. threshold concentrations for a good quality could be formula ...201424378813
introduced parasite anguillicola crassus infection significantly impedes swim bladder function in the european eel anguilla anguilla (l.). 201424422641
assessing patterns of hybridization between north atlantic eels using diagnostic single-nucleotide polymorphisms.the two north atlantic eel species, the european eel (anguilla anguilla) and the american eel (anguilla rostrata), spawn in partial sympatry in the sargasso sea, providing ample opportunity to interbreed. in this study, we used a rad (restriction site associated dna) sequencing approach to identify species-specific diagnostic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and design a low-density array that combined with screening of a diagnostic mitochondrial dna marker. eels from iceland (n=159) and f ...201424424165
effects of chronic exposure to lead, copper, zinc, and cadmium on biomarkers of the european eel, anguilla anguilla.exposure to specific metallic compounds can cause severe deleterious modifications in organisms. fishes are particularly prone to toxic effects from exposure to metallic compounds via their environment. species that inhabit estuaries or freshwater environments can be chronically affected by persistent exposure to a large number of metallic compounds, particularly those released by industrial activities. in this study, we exposed yellow eels (european eel, anguilla anguilla) for 28 days to enviro ...201424430501
enteric neuroplasticity in seawater-adapted european eel (anguilla anguilla).european eels live most of their lives in freshwater until spawning migration to the sargasso sea. during seawater adaptation, eels modify their physiology, and their digestive system adapts to the new environment, drinking salt water to compensate for the continuous water loss. in that period, eels stop feeding until spawning. thus, the eel represents a unique model to understand the adaptive changes of the enteric nervous system (ens) to modified salinity and starvation. to this purpose, we as ...201424433383
variation in cyanobacterial hepatotoxin (microcystin) content of water samples and two species of fishes collected from a shallow lake in algeria.microcystins (mcs) produced from cyanobacteria can accumulate in freshwater fish tissues. in this study, variations in these toxins content were examined monthly in water samples and two species of fish in lake oubeira, algeria, from april 2010 to march 2011. during the study period, mcs were analyzed using protein phosphatase type 2a (pp2a) inhibition assay. in lake water, total (dissolved and intracellular toxins) mc concentrations by pp2a ranged from 0.028 to 13.4 μg equivalent mc-lr/l, with ...201424445842
cloning and expression analyses of interferon regulatory factor (irf) 3 and 7 genes in european eel, anguilla anguilla with the identification of genes involved in ifn production.interferon regulatory factor (irf) 3 and irf7 have been identified as regulators of type i interferon (ifn) gene expression in mammals. in the present study, the two genes were cloned and characterized in the european eel, anguilla anguilla. the full-length cdna sequence of irf3 and irf7 in the european eel, named as aairf3 and aairf7 consists of 2879 and 2419 bp respectively. multiple alignments showed that the two irfs have a highly conserved dna binding domain (dbd) in the n terminus, with th ...201424565894
multi-dye residue analysis of triarylmethane, xanthene, phenothiazine and phenoxazine dyes in fish tissues by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.beside the possible illegal use of malachite green in aquaculture, other familiar dyes could also been applied by fraudulent producers due to their antiseptic and antibacterial activity. in this contribution, a new sensitive multi-residue method was developed to determine triarylmethane, xanthene, phenothiazine and phenoxazine dyes in fish by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. samples were extracted with acetonitrile, followed by an oxidation step using 2,3-dichlor ...201424583201
modulation of glutathione and its dependent enzymes in gill cells of anguilla anguilla exposed to silica coated iron oxide nanoparticles with or without mercury co-exposure under in vitro condition.the current study aimed to investigate the modulation of glutathione (gsh) and its dependent enzymes (glutathione reductase, gr; glutathione peroxidase, gpx; glutathione sulfotransferase, gst) from 0 to 72 h in the gill cells of anguilla anguilla under in vitro condition exposed to silica coated iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with dithiocarbamate (fe₃o₄@sio₂/sidtc, hereafter called 'ionps'; 100 nm; 2.5 mgl(-1)) with or without mercury (hg) coexposure. significantly decreased tgsh conten ...201424607655
the aetiology, histopathology, and ultrastructural features of perianal erythema (red anus syndrome) in the european eel (anguilla anguilla).the european eel (anguilla anguilla) is a critically endangered species. red anus syndrome (ras) is known to be associated with parasitic infections of the eel, particularly with anguillicola crassus, but the full range of causative pathogenic organisms has not been systematically investigated. here we examined the infective organisms and histopathological and ultrastructural features of seventy eels with ras. in total, nine different pathogens were detected in association with ras: pseudomonas ...201424608418
genotoxicity evaluation of the herbicide garlon(®) and its active ingredient (triclopyr) in fish (anguilla anguilla l.) using the comet assay.triclopyr-based herbicides are broadly used worldwide for site preparation and forest vegetation management. thus, following application, these agrochemicals can inadvertently reach the aquatic ecosystems. garlon(®) is one of the most popular commercial denominations of this group of herbicides, considered as highly toxic to fish, even by its manufacturer. although dna is frequently regarded as a target of pesticide toxicity, the genotoxic potential of garlon(®) to fish remains completely unknow ...201524623388
brain glutathione redox system significance for the control of silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles with or without mercury co-exposures mediated oxidative stress in european eel (anguilla anguilla l.).this in vitro study investigates the impact of silica-coated magnetite particles (fe3o4@sio2/sidtc, hereafter called ionp; 2.5 mg l(-1)) and its interference with co-exposure to persistent contaminant (mercury, hg; 50 μg l(-1)) during 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 h on european eel (anguilla anguilla) brain and evaluates the significance of the glutathione (gsh) redox system in this context. the extent of damage (membrane lipid peroxidation, measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, ...201424627197
distribution, prevalence and intensity of anguillicola crassus (nematoda) infection in anguilla anguilla in the republic of ireland.this study is the first comprehensive documentation of the geographical range of anguillicola crassus in its host, the european eel anguilla anguilla, in the republic of ireland. the prevalence and intensity of infections across 234 sites and 93 river basins in ireland comprising rivers, lakes and transitional waters (estuaries) were analysed. while only 32% of the river basins were affected by this nematode, they correspond to 74% of the total wetted area. significant differences in infection l ...201424627948
assessment of persistent brominated and chlorinated organic contaminants in the european eel (anguilla anguilla) in flanders, belgium: levels, profiles and health risk.pooled yellow european eel (anguilla anguilla (l.)) samples, consisting of 3-10 eels, collected between 2000 and 2009 from 60 locations in flanders (belgium) were investigated for persistent contaminants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (ddts). the current study expands the knowledge regarding these contaminant concentrations, their patterns and distribution p ...201424657367
identification of the nrf2-keap1 pathway in the european eel anguilla anguilla: role for a transcriptional regulation of antioxidant genes in aquatic organisms.antioxidant defences play a central role in cell protection against a wide variety of environmental stressors, their variations being thus frequently studied to reveal oxidative stress conditions in fish. the nrf2-keap1 pathway is among the main mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in mammalians, but its involvement in modulation of antioxidant system of aquatic organisms is still largely unexplored. the present study focused on the identification of nrf2 and keap1 in the european eel anguil ...201424667234
introgressive hybridization and latitudinal admixture clines in north atlantic eels.hybridization, the interbreeding of diagnosably divergent species, is a major focus in evolutionary studies. eels, both from north america and europe migrate through the atlantic to mate in a vast, overlapping area in the sargasso sea. due to the lack of direct observation, it is unknown how these species remain reproductively isolated. the detection of inter-species hybrids in iceland suggests on-going gene flow, but few studies to date have addressed the influence of introgression on genetic d ...201424674242
richness and diversity of helminth species in eels from a hypersaline coastal lagoon, mar menor, south-east spain.the composition and diversity of parasite communities and intestinal components, as well as infra-community structure, were assessed in eels anguilla anguilla, from mar menor, a permanent mediterranean hypersaline coastal lagoon. data were used to determine whether this helminth community differs in composition and structure from that of eels in lagoons with lower salinity regimes and higher freshwater inputs. a total prevalence of 93% was detected. specifically, parasites were identified as der ...201524685015
dna and chromosomal damage induced in fish (anguilla anguilla l.) by aminomethylphosphonic acid (ampa)--the major environmental breakdown product of glyphosate.the assessment of the direct impact of breakdown products of pesticide components on aquatic wildlife is ecotoxicologically relevant, but frequently disregarded. in this context, the evaluation of the genotoxic hazard posed by aminomethylphosphonic acid (ampa--the major natural degradation product of glyphosate) to fish emerges as a critical but unexplored issue. hence, the main goal of the present research was to assess the ampa genotoxic potential to fish following short-term exposures (1 and ...201424696215
genome-wide single-generation signatures of local selection in the panmictic european eel.next-generation sequencing and the collection of genome-wide data allow identifying adaptive variation and footprints of directional selection. using a large snp data set from 259 rad-sequenced european eel individuals (glass eels) from eight locations between 34 and 64(o) n, we examined the patterns of genome-wide genetic diversity across locations. we tested for local selection by searching for increased population differentiation using f(st) -based outlier tests and by testing for significant ...201424750353
the regulation of aromatase and androgen receptor expression during gonad development in male and female european eel.this research investigated the regulation of aromatase and androgen receptor gene expression in the brain-pituitary-gonad (bpg) axis of male and female european eels (anguilla anguilla) during induced sexual maturation. complete a. anguilla aromatase (aa-cyp19a1) and partial androgen receptor α and β (aa-ara and aa-arb) sequences were isolated, and qpcr assays were validated and used for quantification of transcript levels for these three genes. expression levels of the genes varied with sex, ti ...201424750538
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