Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| afoxolaner against fleas: immediate efficacy and resultant mortality after short exposure on dogs. | the speed of efficacy of afoxolaner (nexgard) against ctenocephalides felis fleas was evaluated in two studies. study a assessed the efficacy against existing fleas whereas study b assessed the efficacy against new infesting fleas. in study a, 12 dogs were allocated to the untreated group and 20 dogs to the treated group. all dogs were infested by 100 fleas each at day -1, treated at day 0 and flea combed at 2 h or at 6 h post treatment. in study b, 6 dogs were allocated to the untreated group a ... | 2014 | 25148564 |
| identification of rickettsiae from wild rats and cat fleas in malaysia. | rickettsioses are emerging zoonotic diseases reported worldwide. in spite of the serological evidence of spotted fever group rickettsioses in febrile patients in malaysia, limited studies have been conducted to identify the animal reservoirs and vectors of rickettsioses. this study investigated the presence of rickettsiae in the tissue homogenates of 95 wild rats and 589 animal ectoparasites. using pcr assays targeting the citrate synthase gene (glta), rickettsial dna was detected in the tissue ... | 2014 | 25171613 |
| extreme human annoyance caused by ctenocephalides felis felis (cat flea). | the authors report a case of human dermal complications by ctenocephalides felis felis (cat flea) in a 28 years old woman who dwell in rural area in mazandaran province, iran. furthermore, in the current report clinical manifestations, etiology and different aspects of infestation were discussed elaborately. and the importance of controlling fleas was highlighted as well. | 2014 | 25182561 |
| presence of coxiella burnetii in fleas in cyprus. | over 40 tick species are naturally infected by coxiella burnetii. however, little is known about the presence of c. burnetii in other ectoparasites such as fleas. during a 6-year (2000-2006) study, 1147 fleas were collected from 652 animals (252 rats, 118 foxes, and 282 hares) captured from different areas of cyprus. three flea species-xenopsylla cheopis, ctenocephalides felis, and c. canis-were identified. fleas were pooled (153 pools) and tested by pcr for the presence of c. burnetii. the path ... | 2014 | 25198524 |
| a molecular survey of rickettsia felis in fleas from cats and dogs in sicily (southern italy). | rickettsia felis, the agent of flea-borne spotted fever, has a cosmopolitan distribution. its pathogenic role in humans has been demonstrated through molecular and serologic tests in several cases. the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) is considered the main reservoir and the biological vector. the aim of this study was to assess the presence and occurrence of r. felis in fleas collected from dogs and cats in various sites of palermo (sicily). between august and october 2012, 134 fleas were colle ... | 2014 | 25203839 |
| 'candidatus rickettsia asemboensis' and wolbachia spp. in ctenocephalides felis and pulex irritans fleas removed from dogs in ecuador. | flea-borne infections are distributed worldwide. up to date there are no reports about microorganisms associated to fleas in ecuador. | 2014 | 25266919 |
| detection of rickettsia felis, rickettsia typhi, bartonella species and yersinia pestis in fleas (siphonaptera) from africa. | little is known about the presence/absence and prevalence of rickettsia spp, bartonella spp. and yersinia pestis in domestic and urban flea populations in tropical and subtropical african countries. | 2014 | 25299702 |
| bartonella species in fleas from palestinian territories: prevalence and genetic diversity. | bartonellosis is an infectious bacterial disease. the prevalence and genetic characteristics of bartonella spp. in fleas of wild and domestic animals from palestinian territories are described. flea samples (n=289) were collected from 121 cats, 135 dogs, 26 hyraxes and seven rats from northern (n=165), central (n=113), and southern palestinian territories (n=11). the prevalent flea species were: ctenocephalides felis (n=119/289; 41.2%), ctenocephalides canis (n=159/289; 55%), and xenopsylla sp. ... | 2014 | 25424254 |
| onset of activity of fluralaner (bravecto™) against ctenocephalides felis on dogs. | fluralaner (bravecto™) is a novel systemic insecticide and acaricide that provides long persistent antiparasitic activity following a single administration at the minimum dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. | 2014 | 25471474 |
| genomic diversification in strains of rickettsia felis isolated from different arthropods. | rickettsia felis (alphaproteobacteria: rickettsiales) is the causative agent of an emerging flea-borne rickettsiosis with worldwide occurrence. originally described from the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, recent reports have identified r. felis from other flea species, as well as other insects and ticks. this diverse host range for r. felis may indicate an underlying genetic variability associated with host-specific strains. accordingly, to determine a potential genetic basis for host speciali ... | 2014 | 25477419 |
| dermatitis caused by ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) in human. | human infestation to ectoparasites such as ticks, lice, cimex, fleas, mites and others agents may result in intensive allergic reaction with symptoms of itching, skin infection and severe irritation. in this case report, we present a case of dermatitis caused by cat flea. | 2014 | 25489439 |
| first report of rickettsia felis in china. | rickettsia felis is a recently described flea-borne spotted fever group rickettsia that is an emerging human pathogen. although there is information on the organism from around the world, there is no information on the organism in china. | 2014 | 25510419 |
| five-month comparative efficacy evaluation of three ectoparasiticides against adult cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis), flea egg hatch and emergence, and adult brown dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) on dogs housed outdoors. | this study was designed to compare the efficacy of three topical combinations on dogs in outdoor conditions against adult cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis), flea egg hatch and emergence, and against adult brown dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato). treatment was performed on day 0 with a placebo; dinotefuran, pyriproxifen and permethrin (dpp); fipronil and (s)-methoprene (fm) or imidacloprid and permethrin (ip). dogs (n = 32), housed outdoors for 7 months, were treated monthly for fou ... | 2014 | 25547077 |
| rickettsial diseases and ectoparasites from military bases in japan. | ectoparasitic arthropods are often vectors of rickettsiosis. we conducted a survey of ectoparasites on u.s. military facilities throughout japan with the use of specimens submitted by pest control, public health, and veterinary personnel. over 1,600 individual ectoparasites were collected. fifteen species were identified, including several significant vectors of human diseases such as scrub typhus and rickettsial spotted fevers. these ectoparasites included ctenocephalides felis , haemaphysalis ... | 2015 | 25548900 |
| comparative speed of efficacy against ctenocephalides felis of two oral treatments for dogs containing either afoxolaner or fluralaner. | a study was designed to compare the efficacy of nexgard(®) and bravecto™, 2 recently introduced oral ectoparasiticides containing isoxazolines, against fleas (ctenocephalides felis) on dogs. twenty-four healthy dogs, weighing 9.2 kg to 28.6 kg, were included in this parallel group design, randomized, and controlled efficacy study. on day -1, the 24 dogs were allocated to 3 study groups: untreated control; nexgard(®) treated and bravecto™ treated. the treatments were administered on days 0, 28 an ... | 2015 | 25564276 |
| the efficacy of a selamectin (stronghold ®) spot on treatment in the prevention of bartonella henselae transmission by ctenocephalides felis in cats, using a new high-challenge model. | bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease in humans, which is recognized as an emerging zoonotic disease. ctenocephalides felis is the main vector, and transmission of b. henselae infection between cats and humans occurs mainly through infected flea feces. control of feline infestation with this arthropod vector therefore provides an important strategy for the prevention of infection of both humans and cats. in the present study, a new challenge model is used to evaluate ... | 2015 | 25582566 |
| responses of artificially reared cat fleas ctenocephalides felis felis (bouché, 1835) to different mammalian bloods. | the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis (bouche, 1835) (siphonaptera: pulicidae), which is found worldwide and which parasitizes many species of wild and domestic animal, is a vector and/or reservoir of bacteria, protozoa and helminths. to aid in the study of the physiology and behaviour of fleas and of their transmission of pathogens, it would be of value to improve the laboratory rearing of pathogen-free fleas. the conditions under which artificially reared fleas at the university of bristol ... | 2015 | 25604709 |
| efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against ctenocephalides felis flea infestation in dogs. | five studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin on cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, when applied to dogs, including dogs that underwent water exposure or shampooing. | 2015 | 25630582 |
| candidatus 'rickettsia senegalensis' in cat fleas in senegal. | epidemiological studies of rickettsia felis and related bacteria are very important, because the natural cycle of this important infection has not yet been established. the recent emergence of r. felis-associated febrile diseases in west and east africa demands insightful epidemiological studies of the vectors and reservoirs of this bacterium in africa. twenty-nine cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, were tested for the presence of rickettsiae, including r. felis, bartonellae, and borreliae, with ... | 2014 | 25755888 |
| molecular detection of zoonotic bartonellae (b. henselae, b. elizabethae and b. rochalimae) in fleas collected from dogs in israel. | fleas represent an acknowledged burden on dogs worldwide. the characterization of flea species infesting kennel dogs from two localities in israel (rehovot and jerusalem) and their molecular screening for bartonella species (rhizobiales: bartonellaceae) was investigated. a total of 355 fleas were collected from 107 dogs. the fleas were morphologically classified and molecularly screened targeting the bartonella 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer (its). of the 107 dogs examined, 80 (74.8%) were ... | 2015 | 25865162 |
| expellency, anti-feeding and speed of kill of a dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen spot-on (vectra®3d) in dogs weekly challenged with adult fleas (ctenocephalides felis) for 1 month-comparison to a spinosad tablet (comfortis®). | this study was designed to compare the efficacy of two ectoparasiticides against adult fleas on dogs: a topical (dpp, dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen) and a systemic (s, spinosad). dogs (n = 48; 10.21-22.86 kg bw) were allocated to six groups of eight dogs each (c1, c4, dpp1, dpp4, s1, s4). dogs in the treated groups were administered a topical (3.6 ml of dpp) or a tablet (665 or 1040 mg of s) on day 0. infestations with 100 unfed fleas (ctenocephalides felis) occurred on days -6, -1, 2, 7, ... | 2015 | 25869961 |
| evidence for a specific host-endosymbiont relationship between 'rickettsia sp. genotype rf2125' and ctenocephalides felis orientis infesting dogs in india. | fleas of the genus ctenocephalides serve as vectors for a number of rickettsial zoonoses, including rickettsia felis. there are currently no published reports of the presence and distribution of r. felis in india, however, the ubiquitous distribution of its vector ctenocephalides felis, makes it possible that the pathogen is endemic to the region. this study investigates the occurrence of rickettsia spp. infection in various subspecies of c. felis infesting dogs from urban areas of mumbai, delhi ... | 2015 | 25884425 |
| isolation of candidatus rickettsia asemboensis from ctenocephalides fleas. | candidatus rickettsia asemboensis was identified molecularly in fleas collected in 2009 from asembo, kenya. multilocus sequence typing using the 17-kd antigen gene, rrs, glta, ompa, ompb, and sca4 demonstrated that candidatus r. asemboensis is closely related to rickettsia felis but distinct enough to be considered for separate species classification. following this molecular characterization of candidatus r. asemboensis, the in vitro cultivation of this bacterium was then performed. we used cte ... | 2015 | 25897814 |
| integrated morphological and molecular identification of cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) and dog fleas (ctenocephalides canis) vectoring rickettsia felis in central europe. | fleas of the genus ctenocephalides are the most common ectoparasites infesting dogs and cats world-wide. the species ctenocephalides felis and ctenocephalides canis are competent vectors for zoonotic pathogens such as rickettsia felis and bartonella spp. improved knowledge on the diversity and phylogenetics of fleas is important for understanding flea-borne pathogen transmission cycles. fleas infesting privately owned dogs and cats from the czech republic (n=97) and romania (n=66) were subjected ... | 2015 | 25899079 |
| rickettsia typhi in rodents and r. felis in fleas in yucatán as a possible causal agent of undefined febrile cases. | rickettsia typhi is the causal agent of murine typhus; a worldwide zoonotic and vector-borne infectious disease, commonly associated with the presence of domestic and wild rodents. human cases of murine typhus in the state of yucatán are frequent. however, there is no evidence of the presence of rickettsia typhi in mammals or vectors in yucatán. the presence of rickettsia in rodents and their ectoparasites was evaluated in a small municipality of yucatán using the conventional polymerase chain r ... | 0 | 25923891 |
| onset of efficacy and residual speed of kill over one month of a topical dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen combination (vectra ® 3d) against the adult cat flea (ctenocephalides felis felis) on dogs. | this study was designed to assess the onset of therapeutic and residual insecticidal efficacy of a topical ectoparasiticide (vectra(®)3d, dpp) on dogs over one month against the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis. adult dogs (n=32, 11.0-18.7 kg) were infested with 100 adult fleas on days -6, -2, 7, 14, 21 and 28. based on flea retention, the dogs were allocated in two groups and were treated topically on day 0 with a control solution (cs) or dpp. each group was divided in two subgroups in whi ... | 2015 | 25997647 |
| evaluation of afoxolaner chewables to control flea populations in naturally infested dogs in private residences in tampa fl, usa. | a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of afoxolaner chewables to control flea populations in naturally infested dogs in private residences in tampa fl, usa. evaluations of on-animal and premises flea burdens, flea sex structure and fed-unfed premises flea populations were conducted to more accurately assess flea population dynamics in households. | 2015 | 26003175 |
| bartonella henselae in eastern poland: the relationship between tick infection rates and the serological response of individuals occupationally exposed to tick bites. | to explore the potential role of ixodes ricinus as the presumed vector of bartonella henselae in eastern poland, ticks collected in various geographic locations were examined for the presence of b. henselae, and the results were matched against the prevalence of anti-b. henselae antibodies in individuals occupationally exposed to tick bites. the presence of bartonella dna was investigated by pcr in a total of 1,603 unfed ixodes ricinus ticks. the presence of igg antibodies against b. henselae wa ... | 2015 | 26047187 |
| detection of flea-borne rickettsia species in the western himalayan region of india. | human infections by various rickettsial species are frequently reported globally. we investigated a flea-borne rickettsial outbreak infecting 300 people in western himalayan region of india. arthropod vectors (ticks and fleas) and animal and human blood samples from affected households were analysed by glta and ompb genes based polymerase chain reaction (pcr). rat flea (ceratophyllus fasciatus) samples were found harbouring a rickettsia sp. phylogenetic analysis based on glta gene using phylip r ... | 2015 | 26068348 |
| relationship between the presence of bartonella species and bacterial loads in cats and cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) under natural conditions. | cats are considered the main reservoir of three zoonotic bartonella species: bartonella henselae, bartonella clarridgeiae, and bartonella koehlerae. cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) have been experimentally demonstrated to be a competent vector of b. henselae and have been proposed as the potential vector of the two other bartonella species. previous studies have reported a lack of association between the bartonella species infection status (infected or uninfected) and/or bacteremia levels of c ... | 2015 | 26070666 |
| susceptibility of adult cat fleas (siphonaptera: pulicidae) to insecticides and status of insecticide resistance mutations at the rdl and knockdown resistance loci. | the susceptibility of 12 field-collected isolates and 4 laboratory strains of cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis was determined by topical application of some of the insecticides used as on-animal therapies to control them. in the tested field-collected flea isolates the ld50 values for fipronil and imidacloprid ranged from 0.09 to 0.35 ng/flea and 0.02 to 0.19 ng/flea, respectively, and were consistent with baseline figures published previously. the extent of variation in response to four pyrethr ... | 2015 | 26152407 |
| efficacy of fluralaner flavored chews (bravecto) administered to dogs against the adult cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis and egg production. | fluralaner is a potent insecticide and acaricide with rapid and persistent efficacy. this study measured the efficacy of fluralaner flavored chews (bravecto®, merck animal health) administered to dogs against adult ctenocephalides felis felis and egg production. | 2015 | 26160349 |
| identification of genes associated with blood feeding in the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis. | the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) is a blood-feeding ectoparasitic insect and particular nuisance pest of companion animals worldwide. identification of genes that are differentially expressed in response to feeding is important for understanding flea biology and discovering targets for their control. | 2015 | 26168790 |
| flea (ctenocephalides felis) control efficacy of topical indoxacarb on dogs subsequently bathed with a chlorhexidine-ketoconazole shampoo. | an evaluation of the effect of chlorhexidine/ketoconazole shampoo baths on the flea control efficacy of indoxacarb applied topically to dogs. | 2015 | 26220323 |
| erratum to: efficacy of fluralaner flavored chews (bravecto) administered to dogs against the adult cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis and egg production. | 2015 | 26231848 | |
| development of advantus(imidacloprid) soft chewable tablets for the treatment of ctenocephalides felis infestations on dogs. | studies reported here were conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of advantus (imidacloprid) soft chewable tablets for the treatment of flea (ctenocephalides felis) infestations on dogs and puppies 10 weeks of age or older and weighing 4 pounds or greater. | 2015 | 26238246 |
| urban stray cats infested by ectoparasites with zoonotic potential in greece. | a large population of stray cats is encountered in many urban areas sharing the same environment with people, usually being in a close direct contact with them. a variety of ectoparasites can infest such cats, causing mild dermatological abnormalities to more severe systemic disorders. in order to determine the extent of which stray cats carry ectoparasites, particularly those of zoonotic potential, 341 stray cats originating from the urban area of thessaloniki, greece, were examined between 201 ... | 2015 | 26319525 |
| dynamics of ctenocephalides felis felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae) infestations on urban dogs in southeastern brazil. | the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis (bouché, 1835), is an important ectoparasite of dogs and cats throughout the world, causing annoyance to the animals and acting as a vector of infections and a cause of allergic dermatitis in dogs and cats. although climatic variability and seasonality are known to influence the diversity and abundance of fleas, few investigations of seasonal prevalence of cat flea infestation have involved the same group of dogs being examined regularly over an extended ... | 2015 | 26336211 |
| evaluation of spinosad for the oral treatment and control of flea infestations on cats in europe. | an ectoparasiticide containing spinosad was evaluated as an oral formulation for cats. two european laboratory studies and a european multicentre field efficacy and safety study assessed the use of a chewable tablet formulation of spinosad at a dose range of 50-75 mg/kg for treatment and control of flea infestations on cats. | 2014 | 26392879 |
| molecular detection of bartonella species in fleas collected from dogs and cats from costa rica. | the bacterial genus bartonella includes several species with zoonotic potential, some of which are common in domestic dogs and cats, as well as in their fleas. because there is no previous information about the presence of bartonella species in fleas from central america, this study aimed at evaluating the presence of bartonella spp. in fleas collected from dogs and cats in costa rica. a total 72 pools of ctenocephalides felis and 21 pools of pulex simulans were screened by conventional pcr to d ... | 2015 | 26393956 |
| cofeeding intra- and interspecific transmission of an emerging insect-borne rickettsial pathogen. | cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) are known as the primary vector and reservoir of rickettsia felis, the causative agent of flea-borne spotted fever; however, field surveys regularly report molecular detection of this infectious agent from other blood-feeding arthropods. the presence of r. felis in additional arthropods may be the result of chance consumption of an infectious bloodmeal, but isolation of viable rickettsiae circulating in the blood of suspected vertebrate reservoirs has not been d ... | 0 | 26414611 |
| discovery of an orally bioavailable isoxazoline benzoxaborole (an8030) as a long acting animal ectoparasiticide. | a novel series of isoxazoline benzoxaborole small molecules was designed and synthesized for a structure-activity relationship (sar) investigation to assess the ectoparasiticide activity against ticks and fleas. the study identified an orally bioavailable molecule, (s)-3,3-dimethyl-5-(5-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-1(3h)-ol (38, an8030), which was long lasting in dogs (t1/2=22 days). compound 38 demonstrated 97.6% therapeutic effectiv ... | 2015 | 26508546 |
| evaluation of the bacterial microbiome of two flea species using different dna-isolation techniques provides insights into flea host ecology. | fleas (siphonaptera) are ubiquitous blood-sucking pests of animals worldwide and are vectors of zoonotic bacteria such as rickettsia and bartonella. we performed ion torrent pgm amplicon sequencing for the bacterial 16s rrna gene to compare the microbiome of the ubiquitous cat flea (ctenocephalides f. felis) and the host-specific echidna stickfast flea (echidnophaga a. ambulans) and evaluated potential bias produced during common genomic dna-isolation methods. we demonstrated significant differe ... | 2015 | 26542076 |
| detecting burrowing owl bloodmeals in pulex irritans (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | pulex irritans l. is a cosmopolitan flea species that infests a wide variety of hosts. in north america it generally parasitizes large wild mammals, but in the pacific northwest an association has emerged between p. irritans and the western burrowing owl (athene cunicularia hypugaea). while investigators have recognized this association for decades, it has not been clear if p. irritans feeds on burrowing owls, or if the owls serve exclusively as phoretic hosts. here we describe using a real-time ... | 2016 | 26545716 |
| bartonella henselae infection caused by cat flea bite. | 2015 | 26564808 | |
| coexistence of bartonella henselae and b. clarridgeiae in populations of cats and their fleas in guatemala. | cats and their fleas collected in guatemala were investigated for the presence of bartonella infections. bartonella bacteria were cultured from 8.2% (13/159) of cats, and all cultures were identified as b. henselae. molecular analysis allowed detection of bartonella dna in 33.8% (48/142) of cats and in 22.4% (34/152) of cat fleas using glta, nuog, and 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer targets. two bartonella species, b. henselae and b. clarridgeiae, were identified in cats and cat fleas by mol ... | 2015 | 26611968 |
| rickettsia rickettsii and rickettsia felis infection in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and ctenocephalides felis fleas co-existing in a small city in yucatan, mexico. | 2015 | 26611982 | |
| characterization of the general stress response in bartonella henselae. | bacteria utilize a general stress response system to combat stresses from their surrounding environments. in alpha-proteobacteria, the general stress response uses an alternate sigma factor as the main regulator and incorporates it with a two-component system into a unique regulatory circuit. this system has been described in several alpha-proteobacterial species, including the pathogens bartonella quintana and brucella abortus. most of the studies have focused on characterizing the phyr anti-an ... | 2016 | 26724735 |
| molecular evidence of different rickettsia species in villeta, colombia. | the aim of this work was to detect and identify rickettsia species in ticks collected in rural areas of villeta, colombia. tick specimens were collected from domestic animals and walls of houses in five rural villages of villeta town and from humans in naranjal village (same town). moreover, a flea collected from the same area was also processed. dna was extracted and tested by conventional, semi-nested, and nested pcr reactions targeting rickettsial genes. in the ticks collected from humans fro ... | 2016 | 26789730 |
| detection of bartonella tamiae, coxiella burnetii and rickettsiae in arthropods and tissues from wild and domestic animals in northeastern algeria. | in recent years, the scope and importance of emergent vector-borne diseases has increased dramatically. in algeria, only limited information is currently available concerning the presence and prevalence of these zoonotic diseases. for this reason, we conducted a survey of hematophagous ectoparasites of domestic mammals and/or spleens of wild animals in el tarf and souk ahras, algeria. | 2016 | 26791781 |
| detection of rickettsia species in fleas collected from cats in regions endemic and nonendemic for flea-borne rickettsioses in california. | rickettsia typhi, transmitted by rat fleas, causes most human flea-borne rickettsioses worldwide. another rickettsia, rickettsia felis, found in cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, has also been implicated as a potential human pathogen. in the continental united states, human cases of flea-borne rickettsioses are reported primarily from the southern regions of texas and california where the cat flea is considered the principal vector. in california, more than 90% of locally acquired human cases ar ... | 2016 | 26824189 |
| feeding behavior modulates biofilm-mediated transmission of yersinia pestis by the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis. | the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, is prevalent worldwide, will parasitize animal reservoirs of plague, and is associated with human habitations in known plague foci. despite its pervasiveness, limited information is available about the cat flea's competence as a vector for yersinia pestis. it is generally considered to be a poor vector, based on studies examining early-phase transmission during the first week after infection, but transmission potential by the biofilm-dependent proventricular- ... | 2016 | 26829486 |
| knock-down and speed of kill of a combination of fipronil and permethrin for the prevention of ctenocephalides felis flea infestation in dogs. | a topical combination of fipronil + permethrin (frontline tri-act/frontect, merial) has recently been developed to control fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, sandflies and stable flies on dogs. two studies were conducted to assess its speed of kill and knock-down effect on ctenocephalides felis fleas. the combination was compared to either fipronil alone or to a combination of permethrin, dinotefuran, and pyriproxyfen, | 2016 | 26830931 |
| in vitro efficacy of essential oils and extracts of schinus molle l. against ctenocephalides felis felis. | extracts and essential oils from plants are important natural sources of pesticides. these compounds are considered an alternative to control ectoparasites of veterinary importance. schinus molle, an endemic species of brazil, produces a high level of essential oil and several other compounds. the aim of this work was to determinate the chemical composition of extracts and essential oils of s. molle and further to evaluate the activity against eggs and adults of ctenocephalides felis felis, a pr ... | 2016 | 26887529 |
| comparative speed of kill of sarolaner (simparica) and afoxolaner (nexgard) against induced infestations of ctenocephalides felis on dogs. | fleas are the most common ectoparasite infesting dogs globally. the many possible sequellae of infestation include: direct discomfort; allergic reactions; and the transmission of pathogens. rapid speed of kill is an important characteristic for a parasiticide in order to alleviate the direct deleterious effects of fleas, reduce the impact of allergic responses, and break the flea infestation cycle. in this study, the speed of kill of a novel orally administered isoxazoline parasiticide, sarolane ... | 2016 | 26896428 |
| comparative speed of kill of sarolaner (simparica and fluralaner (bravecto) against induced infestations of ctenocephalides felis on dogs. | fleas are the most common ectoparasite infesting dogs globally and cause direct discomfort, induce allergic reactions, and transmit pathogenic agents. rapid speed of kill is an important characteristic for a parasiticide in order to alleviate the direct deleterious effects of fleas, reduce the impact of allergic responses, and break the flea life cycle. in this study, the speed of kill of a novel, orally administered isoxazoline parasiticide, sarolaner (simparica), against fleas on dogs was eval ... | 2016 | 26896436 |
| comparative speed of kill of sarolaner (simparica) and spinosad plus milbemycin oxime (trifexis) against induced infestations of ctenocephalides felis on dogs. | fleas are a ubiquitous ectoparasite infesting dogs and cause direct discomfort, allergic reactions and are responsible for the transmission of several pathogens. the rapid speed of kill of a parasiticide is important to alleviate the direct deleterious effects of fleas, reduce the impact of allergic responses, and break the flea life cycle. in this study, the speed of kill of a novel orally administered isoxazoline parasiticide, sarolaner (simparica) against fleas on dogs was evaluated and compa ... | 2016 | 26896448 |
| bartonella species identified in rodent and feline hosts from island and mainland western australia. | bacteria of the genus bartonella have been described in multiple mammalian hosts with many species capable of causing disease in humans. cats and various species of rats have been reported to play a role as vertebrate hosts to a number of bartonella spp. this study aimed to identify bartonella spp. in western australia, dirk hartog island (dhi), and christmas island (ci) and to investigate the presence of potential arthropod vectors. feral cats were collected from ci (n = 35), dhi (n = 23) and s ... | 2016 | 26900749 |
| molecular detection of rickettsia felis in humans, cats, and cat fleas in bangladesh, 2013-2014. | high prevalence of rickettsia felis in patients with fever of unknown origin was revealed in the north-central bangladesh from 2012 to 2013. subsequently, in this study, prevalence of r. felis in cats and cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis), together with febrile patients, was studied by pcr detection of 17 kda antigen gene and dna sequencing. r. felis was detected in 28% (28/100) and 21% (14/68) of cat blood and cat flea samples, respectively, whereas 42% (21/50) of patients were positive for r. ... | 2016 | 26901499 |
| on some issues of human-animal studies: an introduction. | animals are "in" - since prehistoric times when humans (or their ancient ancestors) were hunting animals, and when they fabricated the paleolithic dog as well as the paleolithic cat. in less general terms, animals are "in" since they received names and were listed, observed, mummified, turned into totems, and, later on, dissected, tortured under laboratory conditions, trained as experimental subjects or "purified" as model organisms. and they are massively "in" again, but now from overtly legal ... | 2016 | 26903370 |
| evaluation of the effectiveness of a novel oral formulation of sarolaner (simparica™) for the treatment and control of fleas on dogs. | the efficacy of a single oral dose of a novel isoxazoline, sarolaner (simparica™, zoetis), for the treatment and control of flea infestations on dogs was confirmed in five laboratory studies. the studies were conducted using adult purpose-bred beagles and/or mixed breed dogs. all animals were individually identified and housed, and were allocated randomly to treatment with either placebo or sarolaner (eight to 10 per group) based on pretreatment parasite counts. three studies used cat flea (cten ... | 2016 | 26935820 |
| efficacy and safety of sarolaner (simparica™) against fleas on dogs presented as veterinary patients in the united states. | the efficacy and safety of a novel isoxazoline parasiticide, sarolaner (simparica™), for the control of fleas on dogs was evaluated in a randomized, controlled clinical study conducted in 19 general veterinary practices throughout the united states. four hundred and seventy nine (479) dogs from 293 households were enrolled. each household was randomly assigned to treatment with either sarolaner oral tablets (simparica™, zoetis) at the proposed label dose or an approved comparator product at the ... | 2016 | 26947964 |
| determination of the effective dose of a novel oral formulation of sarolaner (simparica™) for the treatment and month-long control of fleas and ticks on dogs. | three laboratory studies were conducted to determine the appropriate dose of sarolaner, a novel isoxazoline, for the treatment and month-long control of infestations of fleas and ticks on dogs. in the first study, dogs were treated orally with sarolaner suspension formulations at 1.25, 2.5 or 5.0mg/kg, and infested with dermacentor reticulatus, rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and with ctenocephalides felis felis (cat flea) prior to treatment and then weekly for up to 8 weeks. fleas and ticks were ... | 2016 | 26948830 |
| synergism of the igrs methoprene and pyriproxyfen against larval cat fleas (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | insect growth regulators (igrs) methoprene and pyriproxyfen are widely used as topical treatments to pets or applied to the indoor environment to control cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis (bouché). the toxicity of methoprene, pyriproxyfen, and combinations of both igrs to cat flea larvae was determined. the lc50 of methoprene and pyriproxyfen applied to larval rearing medium was 0.39 and 0.19 ppm, respectively. combinations of methoprene:pyriproxyfen in ratios of 1:1, 5:1, 10:1, and 20:1 produced ... | 2016 | 26957391 |
| evaluation of the speed of kill, effects on reproduction, and effectiveness in a simulated infested-home environment of sarolaner (simparica™) against fleas on dogs. | four studies were conducted to evaluate the speed of kill, effect on egg production, and efficacy in a simulated infested-home environment of a novel isoxazoline, sarolaner (simparica™, zoetis), against fleas on dogs. individually identified and housed, purpose-bred beagles were used in each study and were allocated randomly to groups based on pretreatment parasite counts. in two speed of kill studies, groups of dogs infested with 100 fleas prior to treatment were treated orally with placebo or ... | 2016 | 26961589 |
| discovery of sarolaner: a novel, orally administered, broad-spectrum, isoxazoline ectoparasiticide for dogs. | the novel isoxazoline ectoparasiticide, sarolaner, was identified during a lead optimization program for an orally-active compound with efficacy against fleas and ticks on dogs. the aim of the discovery program was to identify a novel isoxazoline specifically for use in companion animals, beginning with de novo synthesis in the zoetis research laboratories. the sarolaner molecule has unique structural features important for its potency and pharmacokinetic (pk) properties, including spiroazetidin ... | 2016 | 26961590 |
| exposure of dogs to spotted fever group rickettsiae in urban sites associated with human rickettsioses in costa rica. | the zoonotic transmission cycles of rickettsia rickettsii and other spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae in latin america have usually been associated with rural or sylvatic environments, although domestic dogs can be implicated in more populated settings. in this study, exposure of dogs to sfg rickettsiae in the greater metropolitan area of costa rica was investigated. dogs from sites associated with human cases and from dog shelters were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) us ... | 2016 | 26995323 |
| insecticide resistance in fleas. | fleas are the major ectoparasite of cats, dogs, and rodents worldwide and potential vectors of animal diseases. in the past two decades the majority of new control treatments have been either topically applied or orally administered to the host. most reports concerning the development of insecticide resistance deal with the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis. historically, insecticide resistance has developed to many of the insecticides used to control fleas in the environment including carba ... | 2016 | 26999217 |
| open field study on the efficacy of oral fluralaner for long-term control of flea allergy dermatitis in client-owned dogs in ile-de-france region. | fluralaner is the first orally administered isoxazoline to provide 12 weeks of activity against fleas and ticks after a single administration. as a result of its potent anti-flea activity, oral fluralaner may be proposed as a component of a strategy for the control of flea allergy dermatitis (fad) in dogs. the open field study reported here assessed the efficacy of fluralaner for long-term control (up to 6 months) of fad in affected client-owned dogs maintained under common household conditions ... | 2016 | 27007494 |
| bartonella henselae in italy: a rare seasonal infection. | symptomatic bartonella henselae infection is considered rare in europe. cat fleas transmit the microorganism between cats, but their role in transmission of b. henselae to humans has not been defined. the aim of our study was to perform a retrospective study of detected cases at our hospital. | 2016 | 27008366 |
| molecular evidence of vector-borne pathogens in dogs and cats and their ectoparasites in algiers, algeria. | in algeria, only limited information is currently available on the prevalence of emergent canine and feline vector-borne diseases. the aim of the present work was to detect by qpcr vector-associated bacteria in stray dogs and cats and their ectoparasites from algiers. 18/117 (15.38%) dogs and 2/107 (1.87%) cats were positive for at least one vector-borne agent. coxiella burnetii and bartonella henselae were identified in 1/117 (0.85%) dog individually. ehrlichia canis dna was detected in 17/117 ... | 2016 | 27012917 |
| infection by rickettsia felis in opossums (didelphis sp.) from yucatan, mexico. | rickettsia felis is an emergent pathogen and the causative agent of a typhus-like rickettsiosis in the americas. its transmission cycle involves fleas as biological vectors (mainly ctenocephalides felis) and multiple domestic and synanthropic mammal hosts. nonetheless, the role of mammals in the cycle of r. felis is not well understood and many efforts are ongoing in different countries of america to clarify it. the present study describes for the first time in mexico the infection of two specie ... | 2016 | 27074326 |
| influence of bloodmeal host on blood feeding, egg production, and offspring sex ratio of ctenocephalides felis felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis (bouché), feeds on different host species, causing annoyance or transmitting disease agents. in this study, the influence of the host of the cat flea on blood feeding, egg production, and sex ratio of the offspring was investigated. two strains of c. felis were domesticated on either rats or mice for >10 yr in the laboratory, and in this study, these fleas were placed in the following groups and fed on rats or mice continuously: group a (rat-domesticated ... | 2016 | 27106931 |
| transmission mechanisms of an emerging insect-borne rickettsial pathogen. | vector-borne pathogens must overcome arthropod infection and escape barriers (e.g. midgut and salivary glands) during the extrinsic incubation period (eip) before subsequent transmission to another host. this particular timespan is undetermined for the etiological agent of flea-borne spotted fever (rickettsia felis). artificial acquisition of r. felis by blood-feeding cat fleas revealed dissemination to the salivary glands after seven days; however, this length of time is inconsistent with co-fe ... | 2016 | 27117813 |
| rickettsia felis: the complex journey of an emergent human pathogen. | rickettsia felis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that is different from other officially recognized rickettsial species. it has multiple genes of different origins, an incubation temperature of less than 32°c, and a conjugative plasmid. this rickettsia is commonly detected in febrile patients in sub-saharan africa. r. felis is frequently detected in cat fleas, but recently mosquitoes have been suspected to be able to transmit the bacterium. however, many aspects of the ecology and epidemi ... | 2016 | 27155905 |
| detection of vector-borne pathogens in cats and their ectoparasites in southern italy. | vector-borne pathogens are the subject of several investigations due to the zoonotic concern of some of them. however, limited data are available about the simultaneous presence of these pathogens in cats and their ectoparasites. the aim of the present study was to define the species of ectoparasites found on cats as well as to investigate vector-borne pathogens in cats and their ectoparasites in southern italy. | 2016 | 27160725 |
| evaluation and comparison of a flumethrin-imidacloprid collar and repeated monthly treatments of fipronil/(s)-methoprene to control flea, ctenocephalides f. felis, infestations on cats for eight months. | this controlled laboratory study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the 10 % imidacloprid/4.5 % flumethrin collar (seresto®, bayer animal health) against fleas (ctenocephalides f. felis) on cats, when compared to fipronil (9.8 %w/w)/(s)-methoprene (11.8 % w/w) topical spot-on formulation (frontline® plus for cats and kittens, merial). | 2016 | 27189592 |
| efficacy of a novel topical combination of fipronil 9.8% and (s)-methoprene 8.8% against ticks and fleas in naturally infested dogs. | the efficacy of a novel topical combination of fipronil 9.8% (w/v) and (s)-methoprene 8.8% (w/v) (fiprofort® plus) was tested against ticks and fleas in naturally infested dogs. a total of fifty dogs were allocated in the study with ticks infestation (n = 35) and fleas infestation (n = 15). on day 0, thirty-five tick and fifteen flea infested dogs received the test formulation, a combination of fipronil 9.8% (w/v) and (s)-methoprene 8.8% (w/v) spot-on solution. ticks and flea counts were taken o ... | 2016 | 27190688 |
| optimization of isoxazoline amide benzoxaboroles for identification of a development candidate as an oral long acting animal ectoparasiticide. | novel isoxazoline amide benzoxaboroles were designed and synthesized to optimize the ectoparasiticide activity of this chemistry series against ticks and fleas. the study identified an orally bioavailable molecule, (s)-n-((1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-6-yl)methyl)-2-methyl-4-(5-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)benzamide (23), with a favorable pharmacodynamics profile in dogs (cmax=7.42ng/ml; tmax=26.0h; terminal half-life t1/2=127h). ... | 2016 | 27210432 |
| molecular identification and phylogenic analysis of bartonella henselae isolated from iranian cats based on glta gene. | one of the most important species of the bartonella genus is b. henselae that causes a zoonotic infection, cat scratch disease (csd). the main source of the bacteria is cat and the carrier is ctenocephalides felis flea. one hundred and forty nail and saliva samples were collected from 70 domestic cats. positive samples for b. henselae were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing. sequences of glta gene were trimmed using bioedit software and then compared with the sequenc ... | 2016 | 27226890 |
| the effect of water and shampooing on the efficacy of fluralaner spot-on solution against ixodes ricinus and ctenocephalides felis infestations in dogs. | fluralaner spot-on solution provides immediate and persistent efficacy against tick and flea infestations in dogs and cats for 12-weeks following topical administration. the active ingredient fluralaner is distributed systemically following transdermal absorption. therefore, this study tested the hypothesis whether water-immersion or shampooing of dogs following administration of fluralaner spot-on solution has an impact on subsequent tick and flea efficacy. | 2016 | 27241021 |
| opossums and cat fleas: new insights in the ecology of murine typhus in galveston, texas. | murine typhus is an acute undifferentiated febrile illness caused by rickettsia typhi the classic reservoir (rattus spp.) and flea vector (xenopsylla cheopis) were once culprits of murine typhus in the united states. vector and rodent control efforts have drastically decreased the prevalence of disease, except in a few endemic foci where opossums and cat fleas play a role in transmission. since 2012, there has been a reemergence of murine typhus in galveston, tx. we hypothesize that opossums and ... | 2016 | 27273642 |
| rickettsia felis, an emerging flea-borne rickettsiosis. | rickettsia felis is an emerging insect-borne rickettsial pathogen and the causative agent of flea-borne spotted fever. first described as a human pathogen from the usa in 1991, r. felis is now identified throughout the world and considered a common cause of fever in africa. the cosmopolitan distribution of this pathogen is credited to the equally widespread occurrence of cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis), the primary vector and reservoir of r. felis. although r. felis is a relatively new member ... | 2016 | 27340613 |
| evaluation of fluralaner and afoxolaner treatments to control flea populations, reduce pruritus and minimize dermatologic lesions in naturally infested dogs in private residences in west central florida usa. | a study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two different oral flea and tick products to control flea infestations, reduce pruritus and minimize dermatologic lesions over a 12 week period on naturally infested dogs in west central fl usa. | 2016 | 27352607 |
| reference gene selection and rna preservation protocol in the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, for gene expression studies. | the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, is a major pest species on companion animals thus of significant importance to the animal health industry. the aim of this study was to develop sampling and storage protocols and identify stable reference genes for gene expression studies to fully utilize the growing body of molecular knowledge of c. felis. rna integrity was assessed in adult and larvae samples, which were either pierced or not pierced and stored in rnalater at ambient temperature. rna qualit ... | 2016 | 27406059 |
| rickettsial disease in the peruvian amazon basin. | using a large, passive, clinic-based surveillance program in iquitos, peru, we characterized the prevalence of rickettsial infections among undifferentiated febrile cases and obtained evidence of pathogen transmission in potential domestic reservoir contacts and their ectoparasites. blood specimens from humans and animals were assayed for spotted fever group rickettsiae (sfgr) and typhus group rickettsiae (tgr) by elisa and/or pcr; ectoparasites were screened by pcr. logistic regression was used ... | 2016 | 27416029 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel rickettsia species (rickettsia asembonensis sp. nov.) obtained from cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis). | a novel rickettsial agent, 'candidatus rickettsia asembonensis' strain nmrciit, was isolated from cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, from kenya. genotypic characterization of the new isolate based on sequence analysis of five rickettsial genes, rrs, glta, ompa, ompb and sca4, indicated that this isolate clustered with rickettsia felis urrwxcal2. the degree of nucleotide similarity demonstrated that isolate nmrciit belongs within the genus rickettsia and fulfils the criteria for classification as ... | 2016 | 27506201 |
| infection rates of wolbachia sp. and bartonella sp. in different populations of fleas. | in the present study, a molecular detection of bartonella sp. and wolbachia sp. in ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae) isolated from canis lupus familiaris from different geographical areas of spain, iran and south africa, and in stenoponia tripectinata tripectinata isolated from mus musculus from the canary islands has been carried out by amplification of the 16s ribosomal rna partial gene of wolbachia sp. and intergenic spacer region (its region) of bartonella sp. a total of 70 % o ... | 2016 | 27515668 |
| rickettsial infections among ctenocephalides felis and host animals during a flea-borne rickettsioses outbreak in orange county, california. | due to a resurgence of flea-borne rickettsioses in orange county, california, we investigated the etiologies of rickettsial infections of ctenocephalides felis, the predominant fleas species obtained from opossums (didelphis virginiana) and domestic cats (felis catus), collected from case exposure sites and other areas in orange county. in addition, we assessed the prevalence of igg antibodies against spotted fever group (sfgr) and typhus group (tgr) rickettsiae in opossum sera. of the 597 flea ... | 2016 | 27537367 |
| fleas and ticks in carnivores from a domestic-wildlife interface: implications for public health and wildlife. | fleas and ticks are parasites of wild and domestic mammals, and can be vectors of several pathogens. in rural areas, domestic carnivores such as the domestic dog (canis lupus familiaris l.), may act as a "bridge" between natural areas and human settlements where ectoparasites can be used as a metric of such link. the aim of this study was to identify fleas, ticks, and rickettsia spp., collected from domestic and wild carnivores in a natural reserve and surrounding human settlements in central ch ... | 2016 | 27539151 |
| detection of rickettsiae in fleas and ticks from areas of costa rica with history of spotted fever group rickettsioses. | outbreaks of spotted fevers have been reported in costa rica since the 1950s, although vectors responsible for transmission to humans have not been directly identified. in this study, species of rickettsia were detected in ectoparasites from costa rica, mostly from five study sites where cases of spotted fevers have been reported. ticks and fleas were collected using drag cloths or directly from domestic and wild animals and pooled according to species, host, and location. pools were analyzed in ... | 2016 | 27592065 |
| development of a larval bioassay method using 96-well microtiter plates for evaluation of susceptibility of the cat fleas (siphonaptera: pulicidae) to insecticides. | 2017 | 27614898 | |
| seroepidemiology of rickettsial infections in northeast india. | resurgence of scrub typhus was reported in northeast india in 2010 after a gap of 67 years since world war ii. however, the presence of other rickettsial infections remained unknown from this region. a seroepidemiological investigation was undertaken in the scrub typhus affected areas from 2013-2015 in assam, arunachal pradesh and nagaland to assess the exposure to other rickettsial diseases besides scrub typhus. | 2016 | 27618917 |
| differential rickettsial transcription in bloodfeeding and non-bloodfeeding arthropod hosts. | crucial factors influencing the epidemiology of rickettsia felis rickettsiosis include pathogenesis and transmission. detection of r. felis dna in a number of arthropod species has been reported, with characterized isolates, r. felis strain lsu and strain lsu-lb, generated from the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, and the non-hematophagous booklouse, liposcelis bostrychophila, respectively. while it is realized that strain influence on host biology varies, the rickettsial response to these disti ... | 2016 | 27662479 |
| evaluation of pharmacokinetics and efficacy of ivermectin following oral administration in dogs against experimental infection of ctenocephalides felis felis and rhipicephalus sanguineus. | with the increasing number of pets in home the human-animal relationship is increasingly close and care about control disease growing. ivermectin (ivm) is frequently used because its proven safety. ivm is recommended for the treatment of demodectic scabies and prevention of heartworm in dogs, but informally is extremely used to control of ctenocephalides felis felis and rhipicephalus sanguineus. the aim of this study is evaluate the use of ivm in dogs, by the oral route at 0.6μg/kg dose, against ... | 2016 | 27692320 |
| ectoparasites of free-roaming domestic cats in the central united states. | free-roaming domestic cat (felis catus) populations serve as a valuable resource for studying ectoparasite prevalence. while they share a similar environment as owned cats, free-roaming cats do not receive routine veterinary care or ectoparasiticide application, giving insight into parasite risks for owned animals. we examined up to 673 infested cats presented to a trap-neuter-return (tnr) clinic in the central united states. ectoparasite prevalences on cats were as follows: fleas (71.6%), ticks ... | 2016 | 27692321 |
| flea species infesting dogs in spain: updated spatial and seasonal distribution patterns. | this entomological survey examines the spatial and seasonal distribution patterns of flea species infesting dogs in spain. bioclimatic zones covering broad climate and vegetation ranges were surveyed according to size. in a cross-sectional spatial survey carried out from late may 2013 to mid-july 2015, 1084 dogs from 42 different locations were examined. a total of 3032 fleas were collected and identified as belonging to the following species: ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae) (81. ... | 2017 | 27790728 |
| parasites and vector-borne diseases in client-owned dogs in albania: infestation with arthropod ectoparasites. | to establish the diversity and seasonality of ectoparasite infestation in client-owned dogs in albania, 602 dogs visiting four small animal clinics in tirana from march 2010 to april 2011 inclusive were examined for ectoparasites by full body search and total body comb. in addition, ear swab specimens collected from all dogs and scrapings taken from skin lesions suspicious of mite infestation were examined for parasitic mites. overall, 93 dogs (15.4 %, 95%ci 12.6-18.6) were demonstrated to be in ... | 2017 | 27796564 |
| limited evidence for rickettsia felis as a cause of zoonotic flea-borne rickettsiosis in southern california. | over 90% of human flea-borne rickettsioses cases in california are reported from suburban communities of los angeles and orange counties and are presumed to be associated with either rickettsia typhi or rickettsia felis infection. ctenocephalides felis (bouché) is considered the principal vector for both rickettsiae, and r. felis has largely replaced r. typhi as the presumptive etiologic agent based on the widespread incidence of r. felis in cat flea populations. however, with no evidence to con ... | 2016 | 27816916 |
| does hair coat length affect flea infestation in naturally infested dogs? | the siphonaptera are parasitic insects of endothermic animals and ctenocephalides felis and pulex irritans are important parasites of dogs. this study evaluated the effect of hair coat length and time of year on the population size of c. felis and p. irritans in naturally infested dogs. fleas were collected from 14 dogs on a monthly basis for a year (february 2015 to january 2016) at a rural property in bagé, rio grande do sul, brazil. the dogs were divided into two groups based on hair coat len ... | 2016 | 27925064 |