| a case of nasomyiasis whose agent was sarcophaga sp. | sixteen larvae fell from the nose of a 16-year-old girl, who had been hospitalized in the anesthesia intensive care unit for 4 days because of a traffic accident and had been evaluated as e1m2v1 according to glaskow coma scale. these larvae were examined macroscopically and microscopically and it was determined that they were second stage sarcophage spp. larvae. there was no lesion in the nose of the patient. | 2006 | 17309040 |
| proteomics of the flesh fly brain reveals an abundance of upregulated heat shock proteins during pupal diapause. | most molecular work on insect diapause has focused on the expression of unique diapause transcripts, rather than the protein products. here we present results from a proteomic comparison of diapausing and nondiapausing pupal brains. proteins extracted from diapausing pupal brains of the flesh fly sarcophaga crassipalpis were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and compared with those from nondiapausing pupal brains. unique proteins and proteins present at different levels of abundan ... | 2007 | 17349654 |
| role of ecdysone, pupariation factors, and cyclic amp in formation and tanning of the puparium of the fleshfly sarcophaga bullata. | two pupariation factors, anterior retraction factor (arf) and puparium tanning factor (ptf), are absent from the hemolymph of larvae at the time of tanning accelerated by arf/ptf, cyclic amp, or dopamine. arf and ptf are not involved in derepression of dopa decarboxylase (aromatic l-amino-acid decarboxylase, aromatic l-amino-acid carboxy-lyase, ec 4.1.1.28) synthesis initiated by ecdysone. tanning is entirely inhibited by injection of two transcriptional inhibitors, actinomycin and brdurd, and t ... | 1977 | 16592458 |
| pilot study on synanthropic flies (e.g. musca, sarcophaga, calliphora, fannia, lucilia, stomoxys) as vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. | in the present study, different fly species were associated with foodborne and other pathogens. wild synanthropic flies belonging to 12 species of 12 genera were caught for the isolation and identification of microorganisms, which might have been possibly transmitted by these flies. trapping of flies was done at different domestic animal related places (dog pound, poultry house, cattle barn, horse stable, pigpen). all 56 individual flies were shown to be carriers of multiple species of microorga ... | 2007 | 17370089 |
| fly photoreceptors demonstrate energy-information trade-offs in neural coding. | trade-offs between energy consumption and neuronal performance must shape the design and evolution of nervous systems, but we lack empirical data showing how neuronal energy costs vary according to performance. using intracellular recordings from the intact retinas of four flies, drosophila melanogaster, d. virilis, calliphora vicina, and sarcophaga carnaria, we measured the rates at which homologous r1-6 photoreceptors of these species transmit information from the same stimuli and estimated th ... | 2007 | 17373859 |
| impact of a basement membrane-degrading protease on dissemination and secondary infection of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in heliothis virescens (fabricus). | scathl is a cathepsin l-like cysteine protease from the flesh fly, sarcophaga peregrina, that digests components of the basement membrane (bm) during insect metamorphosis. a recombinant baculovirus that expresses scathl (acmlf9.scathl) kills larvae of the tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens, significantly faster than the wild-type virus and triggers melanization and tissue fragmentation in infected larvae shortly before death. as bms are a potential barrier to the spread of baculovirus secondar ... | 2007 | 17374754 |
| a checklist of arthropods associated with rat carrion in a montane locality of northern venezuela. | this is the first report of arthropods associated with carrion in venezuela, using laboratory bred rats (rattus norvegicus). rat carcasses were exposed to colonization by arthropods in neighboring montane savanna and cloud forest habitats in the state of miranda. the taxonomic composition of the arthropods varied between both ecosystems. scarabaeidae, silphidae, micropezidae, phoridae, vespidae and one species of ant, were collected only in the cloud forest. dermestes maculatus, chrysomya albice ... | 2008 | 17386987 |
| characterisation of functional and insecticidal properties of a recombinant cathepsin l-like proteinase from flesh fly (sarcophaga peregrina), which plays a role in differentiation of imaginal discs. | scathl is a cathepsin l-like cysteine proteinase from sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly), which is involved in differentiation of imaginal discs, through proteolysis of components of basement membranes. an expression system based on the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris was used to produce recombinant scathl. although the expression construct contained the full proprotein coding sequence for scathl, the proprotein was only detected in culture supernatant at early stages of expression by western ... | 2007 | 17517336 |
| colonization of and radiation in south america by butterflies in the subtribe phyciodina (lepidoptera: nymphalidae). | the historical biogeography of insects in south america is largely unknown, as dated phylogenies have not been available for most groups. we have studied the phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of a subtribe of butterflies, phyciodina in the family nymphalidae, based on one mitochondrial gene (coi) and two nuclear gene regions (ef-1alpha and wingless). the subtribe comprises 89 species mainly found in tropical south america, with a few species in north america and the greater ... | 2007 | 17560801 |
| shifts in the carbohydrate, polyol, and amino acid pools during rapid cold-hardening and diapause-associated cold-hardening in flesh flies (sarcophaga crassipalpis): a metabolomic comparison. | flesh flies can enhance their cold hardiness by entering a photoperiod-induced pupal diapause or by a temperature-induced rapid cold-hardening process. to determine whether the same or different metabolites are involved in these two responses, derivatized polar extracts from flesh flies subjected to these treatments were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (gc-ms). this metabolomic approach demonstrated that levels of metabolites involved in glycolysis (glycerol, glucose, al ... | 2007 | 17576567 |
| non-biting cyclorrhaphan flies (diptera) as carriers of intestinal human parasites in slum areas of addis ababa, ethiopia. | a study was conducted to determine the role of non-biting cyclorrhaphan flies as carriers of intestinal parasites in slum areas of addis ababa from january 2004 to june 2004. a total of 9550 flies, comprising of at least seven species were collected from four selected sites and examined for human intestinal parasites using the formol-ether concentration method. the dominant fly species was chrysomya rufifacies (34.9%) followed by musca domestica (31%), musca sorbens (20.5.%), lucina cuprina (6.8 ... | 2007 | 17658447 |
| purification of a cysteine protease inhibitor from larval hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm (manduca sexta) and functional expression of the recombinant protein. | a cysteine protease inhibitor (cpi) with an apparent molecular mass of 11.5kda was purified from larval hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm (manduca sexta) by gel filtration on sephadex g-50 followed by hydrophobic and ion-exchange column chromatographies. the purified cysteine proteinase inhibitor, denoted as mscpi, strongly inhibited the plant cysteine protease, papain, with a k(i) value of 5.5 x 10(-9)m. nucleotide sequence analysis of a partial cdna encoding mscpi indicated that mscpi consists ... | 2007 | 17681235 |
| high temperature and hexane break pupal diapause in the flesh fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis, by activating erk/mapk. | pupal diapause in the flesh fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis, can be terminated by exposure to high temperatures or, artificially, with a topical application of organic solvents. to analyze the molecular mechanisms involved in diapause termination we explored the possibility that the mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk) are involved in this response. levels of phospho-erk increased within 10 min after hexane application. extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) was also activated when pupae w ... | 2007 | 17681525 |
| overt and covert effects of endogenous and exogenous ecdysone in puparium formation of flies. | mature larvae of sarcophaga argyrostoma fail to form puparia when kept in contact with water, but pupariate after having been subsequently exposed to dryness for 30 hr. they become increasingly more sensitive to injected ecdysone the longer the exposure to dry conditions. a second wet treatment halts the production of hormone that had occurred during the dry period, and reduces a sensitization to injected ecdysone during the intervening dry treatment. apparently, injected ecdysone had cumulative ... | 1970 | 16591860 |
| stretch receptor-like organs in the fly larva: their possible role in growth regulation. | typical insect stretch receptors and receptor-like organs present in larvae of sarcophaga bullata and other flies contain associated cells which are suspected of passing secretory products into "target" organs by way of strands of connective tissue. in the fly larva, such organs are attached to leg rudiments, tracheal discs, muscles, the genital disc and gonads, and may be concerned with the neuroendocrine control of metamorphosis of these structures. | 1964 | 17753154 |
| p38 mapk is a likely component of the signal transduction pathway triggering rapid cold hardening in the flesh fly sarcophaga crassipalpis. | rapid cold hardening (rch) is an adaptation enabling insects to quickly respond to low temperature, but little is known about the molecular events that trigger this response. in this study of the flesh fly sarcophaga crassipalpis, we explore a possible role for mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) in the low temperature signaling that elicits rch. we report that p38 mapk from s. crassipalpis, which shows high cdna sequence homology to p38 mapks from other insects and mammals, is rapidly act ... | 2007 | 17766307 |
| a rapid cold-hardening process in insects. | traditionally studies of cold tolerance in insects have focused on seasonal adaptations related to overwintering that are observed after weeks or months of exposure to low temperature. in contrast, an extremely rapid cold-hardening response was observed in nonoverwintering stages that confers protection against injury due to cold shock at temperatures above the supercooling point. this response was observed in nondiapausing larvae and pharate adults of the flesh fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis, non ... | 1987 | 17800568 |
| some notes on the nocturnal larviposition by two species of sarcophaga (diptera: sarcophagidae). | experiments in the month of september 2005 were performed to study nocturnal larviposition by the flesh flies (diptera: sarcophagidae). two species namely sarcophaga albiceps meigen and sarcophaga hirtipes wiedemann were observed to deposit their larvae during night time as well. therefore, possibility of night larviposition by flesh flies should always be taken into consideration while determining age of maggots. | 2008 | 17945450 |
| mating affects reproductive investment into eggs, but not the timing of oogenesis in the flesh fly sarcophaga crassipalpis. | we examined the effects of mating on reproductive investment and the timing of oogenesis in the flesh fly sarcophaga crassipalpis by exposing females to males or not. all females exposed to males were mated within a few days and we found that mating affected reproductive investment. virgin females not exposed to males produced a large clutch of eggs ( approximately 91), but females exposed to males and mated produced 10% more. there was no effect of mating on egg length or mass. there was also n ... | 2008 | 17957374 |
| tissue specificity of a baculovirus-expressed, basement membrane-degrading protease in larvae of heliothis virescens. | scathl is a cathepsin l-like cysteine protease from the flesh fly, sarcophaga peregrina, which digests components of the basement membrane during insect metamorphosis. a recombinant baculovirus (acmlf9.scathl) expressing scathl kills larvae of the tobacco budworm heliothis virescens significantly faster than the wild type virus and triggers melanization and tissue fragmentation shortly before death. the tissue fragmentation was assumed to be a direct consequence of basement membrane degradation ... | 2007 | 17959212 |
| fat-body remodeling in drosophila melanogaster. | the remodeling of the larval fat body is observed in many insects during metamorphosis, but little is known about the physiological importance or the regulation of this process. in drosophila melanogaster, fat-body remodeling involves the dissociation of the fat body into individual fat cells, which persist throughout pupal development but are later removed by cell death in the young adult. inhibition of fat-body dissociation is associated with pharate adult lethality and thus is likely to be an ... | 2006 | 16868920 |
| use of lucilia species for forensic investigations in southern europe. | the aim of this study was to highlight the importance of evaluating entomological evidence in forensic investigations on a regional scale. to evaluate climatic, geographical and environmental influences on the selection of carrion-breeding fauna in northern italy and consequently on inferred forensic data (post-mortem intervals and post-mortem transfer), we present details of six indoor-outdoor cases. results show that the most abundant species was lucilia sericata, together with other fly speci ... | 2008 | 18079080 |
| interchromatin granule clusters in vitellogenic oocytes of the flesh fly, sarcophaga sp. | insect oocyte nuclei contain different extrachromosomal nuclear bodies including cajal bodies and interchromatin granule clusters (igcs). in the present study, we describe igc equivalents in the vitellogenic oocytes of the flesh fly, sarcophaga sp. these structures were found to consist of 20-40-nm granules and also include the fibrillar areas of high and low electron density. immunogold labeling electron microscopy revealed igc marker protein sc35, sm proteins, and trimethylguanosine cap of sma ... | 2007 | 18165182 |
| morphology and physiology of the prosternal chordotonal organ of the sarcophagid fly sarcophaga bullata (parker). | the anatomy and the physiology of the prosternal chordotonal organ (pco) within the prothorax of sarcophaga bullata is analysed. neuroanatomical studies illustrate that the approximately 35 sensory axons terminate within the median ventral association centre of the different neuromeres of the thoracico-abdominal ganglion. at the single-cell level two classes of receptor cells can be discriminated physiologically and morphologically: receptor cells with dorso-lateral branches in the mesothoracic ... | 2007 | 17362981 |
| a case of myiasis in a patient with psoriasis from turkey. | myiasis infestations caused by the larvae of flies mostly belonging to cyclorapha suborders are frequently encountered in turkey, which is located in the subtropical zone. the skin is a common site for myiasis, and the infestations are likely to develop in infected tissues and poorly attended wounds of the skin. the case, a 30-year-old male patient, was diagnosed with psoriasis 18 years ago. he had psoriatic scales on his right big toe and was receiving corticosteroid and immunosuppressive drugs ... | 2008 | 18243777 |
| responses of tabanidae (diptera) to canopy traps baited with 4-methylphenol, 3-isopropylphenol, and naphthalene. | the attraction of female tabanids to unbaited and single-baited canopy traps using 4-methylphenol, 3-isopropylphenol, and naphthalene was studied in three forest localities in eastern croatia. tabanids were collected in a significantly higher number in traps baited with these chemicals compared to unbaited control traps. the number of females of tabanus bromius, tabanus sudeticus, tabanus tergestinus, hybomitra ciureai, haematopota pluvialis, and tabanus maculicornis collected from 4-methylpheno ... | 2007 | 18260506 |
| insecticidal activity of a basement membrane-degrading protease against heliothis virescens (fabricius) and acyrthosiphon pisum (harris). | scathl is a cathepsin l-like cysteine protease derived from the flesh fly sarcophaga peregrina that functions in basement membrane (bm) remodeling during insect development. a recombinant baculovirus expressing scathl (acmlf9.scathl) kills larvae of the tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens, significantly faster than the wild-type virus. here, we show that the occurrence of larval melanization prior to death was closely associated with the onset of high cysteine protease activity of scathl in the ... | 2008 | 18395222 |
| extended fmrfamides in dipteran insects: conservative expression in the neuroendocrine system is accompanied by rapid sequence evolution. | extended fmrfamides are found throughout the central nervous system (cns) of insects and exhibit diverse physiological effects on different target organs, such as muscles, intestine, and the nervous system. the genes encoding for extended fmrfamides are known from a number of flies, including drosophila species, and the pest insects lucilia cuprina, calliphora vomitoria, and musca domestica. no data, however, exist about the expression of the numerous paralogs of the latter three species, and st ... | 2009 | 18789334 |
| rapid cold hardening elicits changes in brain protein profiles of the flesh fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis. | rapid cold hardening (rch) refers to the enhanced cold tolerance acquired by a brief exposure to a moderately low temperature. although ecological aspects of this response have been well documented in insects, less is known about the physiological and biochemical mechanisms elicited by rch. in this study we used two-dimensional electrophoresis to detect differences in brain protein abundance in pharate adults of the flesh fly sarcophaga crassipalpis, in response to a 2 h rch exposure at 0 degree ... | 2008 | 18828842 |
| mendelian inheritance of pupal diapause in the flesh fly, sarcophaga bullata. | pupal diapause (dormancy) in the flesh fly, sarcophaga bullata, is induced by short-day photoperiods and low temperature. in this study, the inheritance mode of diapause was investigated by crossing a nondiapausing (nd) strain of s. bullata with 2 diapausing strains having different diapause capacities. the results consistently indicated that diapause incidence is inherited in a simple mendelian pattern, thus a single gene or a small gene cluster linked to the photoperiodic clock controls the se ... | 2009 | 18836144 |
| toxicity and permeability; the entrance of arsenic into larvae of the flesh fly, sarcophaga securifera, vill. | | 1948 | 18871189 |
| kinetosomes in insect epidermal cells and their orientation with respect to cell symmetry and intercellular patterning. | paired flagellar basal bodies or kitnetosomles are described for tarsal, pulvillar, wing, proboscis, ptilinum, and tracheal epithelial cells in the fly sarcophaga bullata. evidence suggests that in every diploid epidermal cell their orientation is specific with respect to (i) cell symmetry and cuticular patterning, and (ii) intercellular positioninig and polarity. microtrichia may be homologous with the flagella of other organisms. | 1973 | 17731269 |
| diapause hormone in the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea: optimum temperature for activity, structure-activity relationships, and efficacy in accelerating flesh fly pupariation. | diapause hormone (dh) effectively terminated pupal diapause in helicoverpa zea. this effect was temperature-dependent, with an optimum of 21 degrees c. the dose-response curve indicated an ed50 of dh for diapause termination of approximately 100 pmol. the core sequence and essential amino acids were determined by bioassays using modified and truncated dh analogs. a c-terminal hepta-peptide, lwfgprla, was the core sequence required for diapause termination. activity was lost when alanine was subs ... | 2008 | 18206265 |
| neuropeptide-like precursor 4 is uniquely expressed during pupal diapause in the flesh fly. | suppression subtractive hybridization comparing brains from diapausing and nondiapausing pupae of the flesh fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis, suggested that the gene encoding neuropeptide-like precursor 4 (nplp4) was uniquely expressed during diapause. we have sequenced the full-length cdna encoding nplp4 and used northern blots to further evaluate linkage to diapause. the open reading frame of this cdna encodes a 61-amino acid residue precursor protein containing a predicted 18 residue signal pepti ... | 2009 | 19007830 |
| mapping the peptide and protein immune response in the larvae of the fleshfly sarcophaga bullata. | we chose the larvae of fleshfly sarcophaga bullata to map the peptide and protein immune response. the hemolymph of the third-instar larvae of s. bullata was used for isolation. the larvae were injected with bacterial suspension to induce an antimicrobial response. the hemolymph was separated into crude fractions, which were subdivided by rp-hplc, gel electrophoresis, and free-flow electrophoresis. in several fractions, we determined significant antimicrobial activities against the pathogenic ba ... | 2008 | 18044819 |
| species composition surveys of synanthropic fly populations in northern peninsular malaysia. | three species composition surveys were conducted in a rural location in kedah and an urban location in pulau pinang. two of the surveys were conducted in november 2003, the first was at the kedah site and the second was at the pulau pinang site. the third survey was conducted at the pulau pinang site again on the last week of april 2004. all these surveys were conducted one week prior to field evaluations of commercial chemical fly baits. the predominant species recovered from the surveys was th ... | 2008 | 18948886 |
| the hsp27 gene of the mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata: structural characterization, regulation and developmental expression. | in the present study, a genomic dna clone encoding the medfly homolog of drosophila melanogaster hsp27 gene, named cchsp27, was isolated. we sequenced a part of the clone containing the coding region, the 5' untranslated region and approximately 2.8 kb of the 5' flanking region of the gene. phylogenetic analysis of several insect small heat shock proteins, suggested that cchsp27 is orthologous to drosophila hsp27 and sarcophaga crassipalpis hsp25. the cchsp27 gene was mapped at the 81a division ... | 2008 | 19133079 |
| clock genes period and timeless are rhythmically expressed in brains of newly hatched, photosensitive larvae of the fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis. | while roles of the clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim) are relatively well understood in relation to circadian clocks, their potential roles in insect photoperiodism remain enigmatic. in this study, the expression of per and tim genes under two contrasting photoperiods is described in the central nervous system of photoperiodically sensitive, newly hatched first instar larvae of the flesh fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis. using qpcr, diel oscillations were observed in the mrna levels of both ... | 2009 | 19186184 |
| length variation in a specific region of the period gene correlates with differences in pupal diapause incidence in the flesh fly, sarcophaga bullata. | we report differences in the length of a specific region of the circadian clock gene period (per) that correlate with different capacities for pupal diapause in the flesh fly, sarcophaga bullata. the conspicuous difference is located in a region we refer to as the putative c-terminal photoperiodic (cp) region. the length of the cp region correlates inversely with the incidence of diapause. a deletion of 33 amino acids in this region correlates with a significant increase in the incidence of diap ... | 2009 | 19186187 |
| biphasic metabolic rate trajectory of pupal diapause termination and post-diapause development in a tephritid fly. | metabolic depression is a highly conserved feature of insect diapause, and an increase in metabolism is a reliable indicator of diapause termination and the initiation of post-diapause development. the trajectory of metabolic rate following diapause termination can guide the identification of important physiological and developmental landmarks during this developmental transition, yet quantitative descriptions of these trajectories are relatively rare. here we track changes in metabolic rate fro ... | 2009 | 19200436 |
| two hsp23 genes in the mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata: structural characterization, heat shock regulation and developmental expression. | in the present study, we characterized a 3320-bp genomic dna fragment encoding two medfly (ceratitis capitata) homologues of the drosophila melanogaster heat shock protein 23 (hsp23) gene, named cchsp23-alphaand -beta. the two medfly hsp23 genes are transcribed in opposite directions and encode two almost identical proteins. furthermore, the two genes exhibit a very high degree of similarity in their 5' untranslated and proximal promoter regions. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the cchsp23 ... | 2009 | 19320758 |
| the progression of circadian phase during light exposure in animals and humans. | studies in humans and mice revealed that circadian phase shifting effects of light are larger at the beginning of a light exposure interval than during subsequent exposure. little is known about the dynamics of this response reduction phenomenon. here the authors propose a method to obtain information on the progression of phase during light exposure. phase response curves to intervals of light exposure over a wide range in duration are available for flesh flies, mice, and humans. by comparing t ... | 2009 | 19346452 |
| preparation and preliminary biological screening of cholic acid-juvenoid conjugates. | steroidal compounds have been utilized as carriers and for modification of physico-chemical properties of model biologically active secondary alcohols - juvenoids. juvenoids are juvenile hormone analogues - environmentally safe insecticides, possessing significant biological activity towards different arthropods groups in focus on insect pest species. structure modification of juvenoids plays important role to control the rate of liberation and decomposition of juvenoid in digestive system and c ... | 2009 | 19394354 |
| gene discovery using massively parallel pyrosequencing to develop ests for the flesh fly sarcophaga crassipalpis. | flesh flies in the genus sarcophaga are important models for investigating endocrinology, diapause, cold hardiness, reproduction, and immunity. despite the prominence of sarcophaga flesh flies as models for insect physiology and biochemistry, and in forensic studies, little genomic or transcriptomic data are available for members of this genus. we used massively parallel pyrosequencing on the roche 454-flx platform to produce a substantial est dataset for the flesh fly sarcophaga crassipalpis. t ... | 2009 | 19454017 |
| host ranges of gregarious muscoid fly parasitoids: muscidifurax raptorellus (hymenoptera: pteromalidae), tachinaephagus zealandicus (hymenoptera: encyrtidae), and trichopria nigra (hymenoptera: diapriidae). | attack rates, progeny production, sex ratios, and host utilization efficiency of muscidifurax raptorellus (kogan and legner) (hymenoptera: pteromalidae), tachinaephagus zealandicus ashmead (hymenoptera: encyrtidae), and trichopria nigra (nees) (hymenoptera: diapriidae) were evaluated in laboratory bioassays with five dipteran hosts: house fly (musca domestica l.), stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans l.), horn fly (hematobia irritans l.), black dump fly [hydrotaea aenescens (weidemann)] (diptera: mus ... | 2009 | 19508778 |
| differential activation of the lectin and antimicrobial peptide genes in sarcophaga peregrina (the flesh fly). | sarcophaga lectin is an immune defense protein which is transcriptionally induced upon immune challenge in the flesh fly, sarcophaga peregrina. so far, we have revealed that the sarcophaga lectin gene has multiple nf-kappab -binding motifs in its promoter. here we showed that the nuclear extracts from sarcophaga-derived culture cells, nih-sape-4, and larval fat bodies have binding activity to the multiple kappab motifs in the lectin gene promoter, some of which were responsive to immune stimuli. ... | 2008 | 18949806 |
| inactivation kinetics of polyphenol oxidase from pupae of blowfly (sarcophaga bullata) in the dimethyl sulfoxide solution. | the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) on the activity of polyphenol oxidase (ppo, ec 1.14.18.1) from blowfly pupae for the oxidation of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine were studied. the results showed that low concentrations of dmso could lead to reversible inactivation to the enzyme. the ic(50) value, the inactivator concentration leading to 50% activity lost, was estimated to be 2.35 m. inactivation of the enzyme by dmso was classified as mixed type. the kinetics of inactivation of ppo from bl ... | 2010 | 19669602 |
| multiple chicken repeat 1 lineages in the genomes of oestroid flies. | retrotransposons including cr1 (chicken repeat 1) elements are important factors in genome evolution. they also mobilize in a genome in a way that makes them useful for phylogenetic analysis and species identification. this study was designed to identify lineages of cr1 elements in the genomes of forensically important oestroid flies and to further characterize one family, sbul.cr1b. cr1 fragments from several taxa were amplified, cloned, sequenced and analyzed to identify different lineages of ... | 2009 | 19716865 |
| two new species of sarcophaga s. lat. from thailand with a key to species (diptera: sarcophagidae). | during a distribution survey of flies of medical importance around northern thailand, we discovered two new species of flesh fly sarcophaga (s. lat.) (diptera: sarcophagidae) that also are new to science. the species are sarcophaga nanensis sp. nov. and sarcophaga kiyokoae sp. nov. adults of the former species was recovered from pua river of nan province (19 degrees 12'29" n, 100 degrees 56' 36" e) 442 m in northern thailand, whereas the latter species was collected around kuang river (19 degree ... | 2009 | 19769027 |
| possible involvement of distinct photoreceptors in the photoperiodic induction of diapause in the flesh fly sarcophaga similis. | physiological characteristics of the photoreceptors involved in the photoperiodic induction of diapause were investigated in the flesh fly sarcophaga similis. both the early and late phases of scotophase were sensitive to light and a light pulse during each of these phases prevented diapause. certain physiological differences between the phases were, nevertheless, detected. compared with early scotophase, late scotophase required a light pulse with a long period and a large number of night inter ... | 2009 | 19084533 |
| life history plasticity after attaining a dietary threshold for reproduction is associated with protein storage in flesh flies. | body condition affects the timing and magnitude of life history transitions. therefore, identifying proximate mechanisms involved in assessing condition is critical to understanding how these mechanisms affect the expression of life history plasticity. nutrient storage is an important body condition parameter, likely playing roles in both attaining minimum body-condition thresholds for life history transitions and expression of life history traits.we manipulated protein availability for females ... | 2008 | 19789714 |
| gene expression responses in larvae of the fleshfly sarcophaga bullata after immune stimulation. | insect larvae develop in decaying organic matter and their defence against various microorganisms must therefore be highly efficient. in the present study, we explored the transcriptional kinetics and induction levels of eight genes in sarcophaga bullata larvae after infection or aseptic injury. using real-time pcr, we studied the time-dependent immune response of larvae of the fleshfly s. bullata. we compared the mrna levels of eight selected genes in induced and non-induced larvae. the third-i ... | 2009 | 19545489 |
| novel juvenogens (insect hormonogenic agents): preparation and biological tests on neobellieria bullata. | the development of new types of environmentally safe insecticides has been advantageous to replace toxic and persistent insecticides, which have adverse effects on animals and humans. our effort in this field was aimed at the synthesis of insect juvenile hormone analogues, juvenoids, nontoxic for warm-blooded animals and fish, which can become advanced compounds in regulating many aspects in insect physiology. structure modification of juvenoids via juvenogen derivatives (hormonogenic substances ... | 2009 | 19852469 |
| a novel lectin with highly potent antiproliferative and hiv-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities from cicada (cicada flammata). | a dimeric lectin with a molecular weight of 60 kda and high hemagglutinating activity was isolated from dried cicadas. it was adsorbed on q-sepharose and unadsorbed on affi-gel blue gel. its hemagglutinating activity was stable up to 55 degrees c and between ph 2 and 13. the activity was inhibited by glucuronic acid and raffinose, k(+) ions, and mg(2+) ions. cicada lectin potently inhibited proliferation of hepg2 hepatoma and mcf 7 breast cancer cells, with an ic(50) value of 0.76 and 0.49 micro ... | 2010 | 19956941 |
| rapid elevation of inos and decreases in abundance of other proteins at pupal diapause termination in the flesh fly sarcophaga crassipalpis. | we analyzed changes in brain proteins 24 h after pupal diapause termination in sarcophaga crassipalpis by a combination of 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. the proteome analysis revealed significant changes in 20 proteins, 11 of which represented >or=2.5-fold changes. three proteins were present only in the brains of diapausing pupae. among the most abundant proteins that showed a change, 1 was more abundant, 7 were less abundant, and 2 were absent following diapause term ... | 2009 | 19118649 |
| isolation of diapause-regulated genes from the flesh fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis by suppressive subtractive hybridization. | subtractive suppressive hybridization (ssh) was used to characterize the diapause transcriptome of the flesh fly sarcophaga crassipalpis. through these efforts, we isolated 97 unique clones which were used as probes in northern hybridization to assess their expression during diapause. of these, 17 were confirmed to be diapause upregulated and 1 was diapause downregulated, while 12 were shown to be unaffected by diapause in this species. the diapause upregulated genes fall into several broad cate ... | 2010 | 20026067 |
| the genetic basis of interspecies host preference differences in the model parasitoid nasonia. | the genetic basis of host preference has been investigated in only a few species. it is relevant to important questions in evolutionary biology, including sympatric speciation, generalist versus specialist adaptation, and parasite-host co-evolution. here we show that a major locus strongly influences host preference in nasonia. nasonia are parasitic wasps that utilize fly pupae; nasonia vitripennis is a generalist that parasitizes a diverse set of hosts, whereas nasonia giraulti specializes in p ... | 2010 | 20087393 |
| changes in the proteomes of the hemocytes and fat bodies of the flesh fly sarcophaga bullata larvae after infection by escherichia coli. | insects have an efficient self-defense system that is based on innate immunity. recent findings have disclosed many parallels between human and insect innate immunity, and simultaneously fine differences in the processes between various species have been revealed. studies on the immune systems of various insect species may uncover the differences in their host defense strategies. | 2010 | 20142993 |
| forensically important flesh fly species in thailand: morphology and developmental rate. | forensically important flesh fly species in thailand have been investigated for their larval morphology and developmental rate to increase the forensic entomology database in thailand and nearby countries. sarcophaga (liosarcophaga) dux thomson, sarcophaga (liopygia) ruficornis (fabricius), and sarcophaga (boettcherisca) peregrina (robineau-desvoidy) are the species of greatest forensic importance. the third instars of these species are similar in morphological appearance, making it difficult or ... | 2010 | 20145954 |
| effect of 5-s-gad on uv-b-induced cataracts in rats. | 5-s-glutathionyl-n-beta-alanyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (5-s-gad) is a novel antibacterial substance purified from sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly) that has both a radical scavenging activity and antioxidative activity. this is a report of an investigation of the effect of 5-s-gad (eyedrops) on uvb-induced cataracts in rats. | 2009 | 19847611 |
| dna-based identification of forensically important australian sarcophagidae (diptera). | the utility of the forensically important sarcophagidae (diptera) for time since death estimates has been severely limited, as morphological identification is difficult and thermobiological histories are inadequately documented. a molecular identification method involving the sequencing of a 658-bp 'barcode' fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit i (coi) gene from 85 specimens, representing 16 australian species from varying populations, was evaluated. nucleotide sequence diver ... | 2011 | 19997851 |
| contact urticaria and asthma from sarcophaga carnaria. | | 2009 | 19780783 |
| rearing sarcophaga bullata fly hosts for nasonia (parasitoid wasp). | nasonia is a complex of four closely related species of wasps with several features that make it an excellent system for a variety of genetic studies. these include a short generation time, ease of rearing, interfertile species, visible and molecular markers, and a sequenced genome. it also can serve as a behavior model for studies of courtship, male aggression and territoriality, female dispersal, and sex ratio control. nasonia vitripennis is a parasitoid of a number of calliphorid flies, such ... | 2009 | 20147053 |
| a study of insect cuticle; the formation of the puparium of sarcophaga falculata pand. (diptera). | | 1947 | 20281595 |
| field collection of nasonia (parasitoid wasp) using baits. | this protocol describes a standard method for collecting nasonia wasps using "flyliver": liver remains fed upon by fly maggots (e.g., sarcophaga) and collected after the mature larvae have dispersed. the flyliver, which contains a volatile substance that is very attractive to the wasps, is placed in a large (approximately 15-cm(2)) mesh bag hung in appropriate collection spots (e.g., near birds' nests or under culverts). within the large mesh bag is a smaller mesh bag placed abutting the flylive ... | 2009 | 20147058 |
| preliminary studies of the influence of fluctuating temperatures on the development of various forensically relevant flies. | development of larvae of different forensically important flies under constant low, medium and high temperatures as well as under daily fluctuating temperatures in a climatic chamber was investigated and compared. results suggest faster development under fluctuating temperatures for sarcophaga argyrostoma and lucilia illustris but slower development for calliphora vicina and calliphora vomitoria. fluctuating temperatures had a higher impact on larvae in feeding stages than in post-feeding stages ... | 2010 | 20382488 |
| dna-based characterisation and classification of forensically important flesh flies (diptera: sarcophagidae) in malaysia. | insect larvae and adult insects found on human corpses provide important clues for the estimation of the postmortem interval (pmi). among all necrophagous insects, flesh flies (diptera: sarcophagidae) are considered as carrion flies of forensic importance. dna variations of 17 malaysian, two indonesian and one japanese flesh fly species are analysed using the mitochondrial coi and coii. these two dna regions were useful for identifying most species experimented. however, characterisation of the ... | 2010 | 20392577 |
| strain maintenance of nasonia vitripennis (parasitoid wasp). | nasonia is a complex of four closely related species of wasps with several features that make it an excellent system for a variety of genetic studies. these include a short generation time, ease of rearing, interfertile species, visible and molecular markers, and a sequenced genome. furthermore, its parasitoid lifestyle allows investigations of questions relating to parasitoid/host dynamics, host preference, and specialist versus generalist biology. it also can serve as a behavior model for stud ... | 2009 | 20147052 |
| indoors forensic entomology: colonization of human remains in closed environments by specific species of sarcosaprophagous flies. | fly species that are commonly recovered on human corpses concealed in houses or other dwellings are often dependent on human created environments and might have special features in their biology that allow them to colonize indoor cadavers. in this study we describe nine typical cases involving forensically relevant flies on human remains found indoors in southern finland. eggs, larvae and puparia were reared to adult stage and determined to species. of the five species found the most common were ... | 2010 | 20304573 |
| first record of human myiasis caused by association of the species chrysomya megacephala (diptera: calliplioridae), sarcophaga (liopygia) ruficornis (diptera: sarcophagidae), and musca domestica (diptera: muscidae). | we report a rare case of myiasis caused simultaneously by three dipterous species. a 54 yr-old indigent patient was admitted to andaraí hospital with painful eruptions on the scalp. the parieto-occipital sulcus showed two lesions caused by scratching associated with deep, odoriferous and exudative pediculosis. larvae removed with the help of forceps and vaseline produced 153 adults, identified in the laboratory as 114 specimens of chrysomya megacephala (f., 1794), 38 of sarcophaga (liopygia) ruf ... | 2010 | 20496599 |
| high temperature pulses decrease indirect chilling injury and elevate atp levels in the flesh fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis. | indirect chilling injury commonly occurs during long-term exposure to low temperature in many organisms including insects. a previous study revealed increased rates of survival and reduced cold injury in flesh flies, sarcophaga crassipalpis, that experienced an intermittent pulse of high temperature during a low-temperature regiment. we extended these studies by determining survival rates and atp levels for flies that had undergone continuous long-term exposure at 0 degrees c versus those experi ... | 2010 | 20233586 |
| diptera of forensic importance in the iberian peninsula: larval identification key. | a revision of the species and families of sarcosaprophagous flies (diptera: calliphoridae, sarcophagidae, muscidae, fanniidae, drosophilidae, phoridae, piophilidae and stratiomyidae) suitable for forensic purposes in the iberian peninsula is presented. morphological characteristics that allow the accurate identification of third instars of the species present in the iberian peninsula are described and presented in the form of a diagnostic key. for larval calliphoridae, characteristics such as th ... | 2010 | 20557457 |
| hysteresis in the production of force by larval dipteran muscle. | we describe neuromuscular hysteresis - the dependence of muscle force on recent motoneuron activity - in the body wall muscles of larval sarcophaga bullata and drosophila melanogaster. in semi-intact preparations, isometric force produced by a train of nerve impulses at a constant rate was significantly less than that produced by the same train of stimuli with a brief (200 ms) high-frequency burst of impulses interspersed. elevated force did not decay back to predicted values after the burst but ... | 2010 | 20581278 |
| insecticidal activity of two proteases against spodoptera frugiperda larvae infected with recombinant baculoviruses. | baculovirus comprise the largest group of insect viruses most studied worldwide, mainly because they efficiently kill agricultural insect pests. in this study, two recombinant baculoviruses containing the scathl gene from sarcophaga peregrina (vsynscathl), and the keratinase gene from the fungus aspergillus fumigatus (vsynkerat), were constructed, and their insecticidal properties analysed against spodoptera frugiperda larvae. | 2010 | 20587066 |
| mitochondrial dna sequence-based phylogenetic relationship among flesh flies of the genus sarcophaga (sarcophagidae: diptera). | the phylogenetic relationships among flesh flies of the family sarcophagidae has been based mainly on the morphology of male genitalia. however, the male genitalic character-based relationships are far from satisfactory. therefore, in the present study mitochondrial dna has been used as marker to unravel genetic relatedness and to construct phylogeny among five sympatric species of the genus sarcophaga. two mitochondrial genes viz., cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (coi) and nad dehydrogenase subuni ... | 2010 | 20505246 |
| changes in development and heat shock protein expression in two species of flies (sarcophaga bullata [diptera: sarcophagidae] and protophormia terraenovae [diptera: calliphoridae]) reared in different sized maggot masses. | development of two species of necrophagous flies, sarcophaga bullata parker (sarcophagidae) and protophormia terraenovae (robineau-desvoidy) (calliphoridae), was examined in different size maggot masses generated under laboratory conditions. larvae from both species induced elevated mass temperatures dependent on the number of individuals per mass. the relationship was more evident for s. bullata, as larvae generated higher temperatures in every size maggot mass than p. terraenovae. several deve ... | 2010 | 20695285 |
| accidental intestinal myiasis caused by genus sarcophaga. | myiasis of different organs has been reported off and on from various regions in the world. we report a human case of intestinal myiasis caused by larvae of sarcophaga. a 25 - year - old male presented with symptom of passage of live worms in stool. following diagnosis and treatment the patient improved completely with cessation of maggots in stool. | 2010 | 20404472 |
| does it pay to delay? flesh flies show adaptive plasticity in reproductive timing. | life-history plasticity is widespread among organisms. however, an important question is whether it is adaptive. most models for plasticity in life-history timing predict that animals, once they have reached the minimal nutritional threshold under poor conditions, will accelerate development or time to reproduction. adaptive delays in reproduction are not common, especially in short-lived species. examples of adaptive reproductive delays exist in mammalian populations experiencing strong intersp ... | 2010 | 20953961 |
| a study of an insect cuticle; the larval cuticle of sarcophaga falculata pand. (diptera). | | 1946 | 20994894 |
| heat shock response to hypoxia and its attenuation during recovery in the flesh fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis. | in this study, pharate adults of the flesh fly sarcophaga crassipalpis were exposed to two, four, seven, or ten days of severe hypoxia (3% oxygen) to evaluate its impact on emergence and the expression of genes encoding heat shock proteins (hsps) and heat shock regulatory elements. a four-day exposure to hypoxia significantly reduced survival, but more than seven days was required to reach the ld(50). eight genes encoding hsps, at least one from each major family of hsps (hsp90, hsp70, hsp60, hs ... | 2010 | 21075112 |
| tissue and developmental expression of sram, an unconventional rel-family protein. | previously we have reported the purification and cdna cloning of a novel rel/ankyrin-family protein named sram from the flesh fly, sarcophaga peregrina. rel proteins generally translocate into the nucleus upon immune stimuli by dissociating from an inhibitory ankyrin domain, while sram is unique in terms of its constitutive nuclear localization with its internal ankyrin domain accompanied, at least in a sarcophaga cell line and fat body cells. although sram had been originally identified as a so ... | 2011 | 21125566 |
| allocation from capital and income sources to reproduction shift from first to second clutch in the flesh fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis. | understanding how resources are allocated between survival and reproduction is fundamental to the study of the evolution of life histories. reproductive resources can come from two intrinsic resource pools, stored reserves (capital) acquired before reproduction or income acquired during reproduction. the variety of reproductive strategies in insects is remarkable and reproductive allocation encompasses the complete range of allocation strategies from pure capital breeders to pure income breeders ... | 2010 | 20417214 |
| traumatic myiasis from sarcophaga (bercaeal cruentata meigen, 1826 (diptera, sarcophagidae) in a hospital environment: reporting of a clinical case following polytrauma. | we present a case of cutaneous myiasis occurring in a hospital environment (nosocomial myiasis) in an patient with serious multiple traumas sustained in a motorcycle accident. the agent responsible for the myiasis was identified as sarcophaga cruentata (meigen 1826). the larvae found in the necrotic wound were removed and the necessary environmental measures were taken to avoid further infestation. although nonocomial myiasis is a form of parasitosis already cited in the in literature, it is a r ... | 2010 | 20853677 |
| mechanisms of suspended animation are revealed by transcript profiling of diapause in the flesh fly. | diapause is a widespread adaptation to seasonality across invertebrate taxa. it is critical for persistence in seasonal environments, synchronizing life histories with favorable, resource-rich conditions and mitigating exposure to harsh environments. despite some promising recent progress, however, we still know very little about the molecular modifications underlying diapause. we used transcriptional profiling to identify key groups of genes and pathways differentially regulated during pupal di ... | 2010 | 20668242 |
| gastrointestinal myiasis by larvae of sarcophaga sp. and oestrus sp. in egypt: report of cases, and endoscopical and morphological studies. | four cases of gastric or intestinal myiasis are reported. the cases contain 2 males (1 child 10 years old, and 1 adult 40 years old) and 2 females (1 girl 18 years old, and 1 adult 50 years old) from minia governorate, southern egypt. three of them, including cases no. 1, 3, and 4, were gastric myiasis, and complained of offensive hematemesis of bright red blood. minute moving worms, larvae of the fly, were found in the vomitus. on the other hand, case no. 2 had intestinal myiasis, and complaine ... | 2011 | 21461269 |
| proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling during diapause entrance in the flesh fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis. | diapause is an alternate developmental pathway that is regulated by the neuroendocrine system in insects. to date, much of the information that has been published regarding the possible molecular events associated with diapause have been at the level of transcription. however, since transcription and translation are not linked in eukaryotic systems, a proteomics approach may represent a better tool to identify the gene products that regulate this period of developmental arrest. in this study, we ... | 2011 | 21501620 |
| identification and characterization of the cysteine protease inhibitor gene mdcpi from musca domestica. | cysteine proteinase inhibitors (cpis) are involved in many vital cellular processes such as signalling pathways, apoptosis, immune response and development; however, no cpis have yet been reported from the housefly musca domestica. here we report the isolation and characterization of a housefly cpi gene designated mdcpi. the gene contains an open reading frame of 357ôçâbp encoding a protein of 118 amino acid residues with a putative signal peptide of 17 amino acid residues. protein alignment dem ... | 2011 | 21711401 |
| contact angioedema and rhinoconjunctivitis caused by dendrobaena species and sarcophaga carnaria used as fishing bait. | the flesh fly sarcophaga carnaria is commonly used as fishing bait. immunoglobulin (ig) e-mediated reactions caused by the handling of this bait have been reported. the earthworm dendrobaena species is increasingly being used as fishing bait but there have been no reported cases of allergy to this species to date. we studied a 26-year-old amateur angler who presented rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria, and angioedema on handling s carnaria. he started to use dendrobaena species instead but developed ... | 2011 | 21721377 |
| thermoperiodic regulation of the circadian eclosion rhythm in the flesh fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis. | we recorded the eclosion time of the flesh fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis, at different depths in the outdoor soil and under temperature cycles with various amplitudes in the laboratory, to examine the timing adjustment of eclosion in response to temperature cycles and their amplitudes in the pupal stage. in the soil, most eclosions occurred in the late morning, which was consistent with the eclosion time under pseudo-sinusoidal temperature cycles in the laboratory. the circadian clock controlling ... | 2011 | 21704630 |
| utility of multi-gene loci for forensic species diagnosis of blowflies. | contemporary studies in forensic entomology exhaustively evaluate gene sequences because these constitute the fastest and most accurate method of species identification. for this purpose single gene segments, cytochrome oxidase subunit i (coi) in particular, are commonly used. however, the limitation of such sequences in identification, especially of closely related species and populations, demand a multi-gene approach. but this raises the question of which group of genes can best fulfill the id ... | 2011 | 21864153 |
| the dca gene involved in cold adaptation in drosophila melanogaster arose by duplication of the ancestral regucalcin gene. | the drosophila cold acclimation gene (dca) is involved in the adaptive response to low temperatures. this gene is upregulated at the transcriptional level when d. melanogaster flies are exposed 1 day to 15 °c. dca (or smp-30) is a member of the smp-30/gluconolactonase/lre-like family. in the current study, we characterized the members of this gene family in the 12 drosophila species with available complete genomes sequences. two paralogous genes, dca and regucalcin, were identified in all the so ... | 2011 | 21339509 |
| nosocomial nasal myiasis in an intubated patient. | we report a case of nasal myiasis caused by sarcophaga spp., noted during hospitalization. a 74-year-old man was admitted with non-st-elevation myocardial infarction. the patient underwent coronary arterial bypass surgery and was then mechanically ventilated by means of a nasotracheal tube for the next 8 days. after extubation, a total of seven maggots were retrieved from both nostrils. the larvae were removed and reared to mature flies, which were identified as sarcophaga peregrina. from the cl ... | 2011 | 21872818 |
| molecules participating in insect immunity of sarcophaga peregrina. | pricking the body wall of sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly) larvae with a needle activated the immune system of this insect and induced various immune molecules, including antibacterial proteins, in the hemolymph. in this review, i summarize and discuss the functions of these immune molecules, with particular emphasis on the dual roles of some of these molecules in defense and development. | 2010 | 21157125 |
| rapid cold-hardening blocks cold-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of pro-caspases in the flesh fly sarcophaga crassipalpis. | apoptosis plays important roles in the selective elimination of sub-lethally damaged cells due to various environmental stresses. the rapid cold-hardening (rch) response protects insects from the otherwise lethal consequences of injury due to cold-shock. we recently demonstrated that cold shock induces apoptotic cell death in insects and that rch functions to specifically block cold-shock-induced apoptosis. in the present study we used isolated fat body, midgut, muscle, and malpighian tubules fr ... | 2011 | 21197578 |
| salivary gland hypertrophy virus of house flies in denmark: prevalence, host range, and comparison with a florida isolate. | house flies (musca domestica) infected with musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (mdsghv) were found in fly populations collected from 12 out of 18 danish livestock farms that were surveyed in 2007 and 2008. infection rates ranged from 0.5% to 5% and averaged 1.2%. none of the stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans), rat-tail maggot flies (eristalis tenax) or yellow dung flies (scathophaga stercoraria) collected from mdsghv-positive farms displayed characteristic salivary gland hypertroph ... | 2011 | 22129394 |