| phenotypic and genotypic variations among three allopatric populations of lutzomyia umbratilis, main vector of leishmania guyanensis. | in south america, lutzomyia umbratilis is the main vector of leishmania guyanensis, one of the species involved in the transmission of american tegumentary leishmaniasis. in brazil, l. umbratilis has been recorded in the amazon region, and in the state of pernambuco, northeastern region, where an isolated population has been identified. this study assessed the phylogeographic structure and size and shape differences of the wing of three brazilian populations. | 2015 | 26338469 |
| an ecological study of sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in the vicinity of lençóis maranhenses national park, maranhão, brazil. | the lençóis maranhenses national park, located in maranhão, brazil, is a region of exceptional beauty and a popular tourist destination. the adjoining area has suffered from the impact of human activity and, consequently, has experienced outbreaks of leishmaniasis. this study aimed to evaluate the composition, abundance, species richness and seasonal distribution of sand flies in the region and to determine the constancy of the insect population. | 2015 | 26315017 |
| comparison of the phlebotomine (diptera: psychodidae) fauna of urban, transitional, and wild areas in northern minas gerais, brazil. | phlebotomines are directly related to the study of leishmaniases, and so the study of their distribution plays an important role in the epidemiology of these diseases. collections of phlebotomines were made with the intent of comparing the distribution, richness, diversity, and abundance of species in three distinct environments in an area endemic for tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis in minas gerais state, brazil. | 2015 | 26286135 |
| lutzomyia longipalpis presence and abundance distribution at different micro-spatial scales in an urban scenario. | the principal objective of this study was to assess a modeling approach to lu. longipalpis distribution in an urban scenario, discriminating micro-scale landscape variables at microhabitat and macrohabitat scales and the presence from the abundance of the vector. for this objective, we studied vectors and domestic reservoirs and evaluated different environmental variables simultaneously, so we constructed a set of 13 models to account for micro-habitats, macro-habitats and mixed-habitats. we cap ... | 2015 | 26274318 |
| identification of sandflies (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) blood meals in an endemic leishmaniasis area in brazil. | the aim of this study was to identify blood meals of female sandflies captured in the municipality of governador valadares, an endemic area of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, in the state of minas gerais, brazil. from may 2011 to january 2012, captures were performed using hp light traps in four districts. there were 2,614 specimens (2,090 males and 524 females) captured; 97 engorged females were identified belonging to the species lutzomyia longipalpis(82.1%) and lutzomyia cortelezzii(17. ... | 0 | 26422156 |
| an integrated approach using spatial analysis to study the risk factors for leishmaniasis in area of recent transmission. | some epidemiological aspects of leishmaniasis in the municipality of formiga, brazil, an important touristic site, were evaluated. those included phlebotomine sand fly vectors, canine infection, and geoprocessing analysis for determining critical transmission areas. sand flies (224 insects) belonging to ten different species were captured. the most captured species included lutzomyia longipalpis (35.3%), lutzomyia cortelezzii (33.5%), and lutzomyia whitmani (18.3%). a significant correlation bet ... | 2015 | 26229961 |
| phlebotomine fauna (diptera: psychodidae) in an area of fishing tourism in central-western brazil. | the aim of this study was to identify behavioral aspects of the sandfly fauna of a fishing tourism area in the municipality of bonito (ms). monthly captures were undertaken from december 2009 to november 2010, using automatic cdc type light traps, from 18h00 to 06h00, in a forested area, a savannah area, peridomiciles and animal shelters near peridomiciliary areas. nyssomyia whitmani was the most frequent out of a total of 6,699 specimens collected, belonging to 16 species, followed by psathyrom ... | 0 | 26200964 |
| sex and rhythms in sandflies and mosquitoes: an appreciation of the work of alexandre afranio peixoto (1963-2013). | i will briefly discuss the work of alexandre a. peixoto on sandflies and mosquitoes, focusing initially on his contributions to the population biology and phylogenetics of brazilian populations of these important hematophagous insects. i shall also review some of his work on the underlying molecular clocks that mediate rhythmic behaviour and physiology in these species. | 2014 | 25046172 |
| spatial distribution and environmental factors associated to phlebotomine fauna in a border area of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in mato grosso do sul, brazil. | mato grosso do sul has been undergoing a process of urbanization which results in loss of native vegetation. this withdrawal makes vectors of man and domestic animals closer, causing changes in the epidemiology of diseases such as american visceral leishmaniasis. the aim of the study was to evaluate the phlebotomine fauna and environmental issues related to the transmission of avl in ponta porã, mato grosso do sul, between 2009 and 2010. | 2014 | 24898032 |
| feeding preferences of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae), the sand fly vector, for leishmania infantum (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae). | leishmania infantum, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in brazil, is spread mostly by the bite of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva). we trapped sand flies in endemic neighborhoods near natal, brazil, where cases of human and dog vl were documented. amplification of species-specific cytochrome b (cyt b) genes by polymerase chain reaction revealed that sand flies from rural and periurban areas harbored blood from different sources. the most common source ofbloodmea ... | 0 | 24605474 |
| spatial and temporal changes in lutzomyia longipalpis abundance, a leishmania infantum vector in an urban area in northeastern argentina. | this study aimed to analyse changes in the spatial distribution of lutzomyia longipalpis in posadas, an urban area located in northeastern argentina. data were obtained during the summer of 2007 and 2009 through two entomological surveys of peridomiciles distributed around the city. the abundance distribution pattern for 2009 was computed and compared with the previous pattern obtained in 2007, when the first human visceral leishmaniasis cases were reported in the city. vector abundance was also ... | 0 | 24271040 |
| predicting the geographic distribution of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) and visceral leishmaniasis in the state of mato grosso do sul, brazil. | to understand the geographic distribution of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the state of mato grosso do sul (ms), brazil, both the climatic niches of lutzomyia longipalpis and vl cases were analysed. distributional data were obtained from 55 of the 79 counties of ms between 2003-2012. ecological niche models (enm) of lu. longipalpis and vl cases were produced using the maximum entropy algorithm based on eight climatic variables. lu. longipalpis showed a wide distribution in ms. the highest clima ... | 0 | 24402151 |
| epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in a reemerging focus of intense transmission in minas gerais state, brazil. | this study was developed in the urban area of governador valadares, a reemerging focus of intense transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in brazil, presenting 86 human cases of vl from 2008 to 2011. the disease prevailed in males (73.2%) with most patients between 0 and 9 years (44.1%) and a lethality rate of 16.2%. a canine survey was carried out on 16,529 domestic dogs in 35 districts in the area and it showed that 30.2% of them (4,992 dogs) were positive for vl by serum assays. prevalenc ... | 2013 | 24000322 |
| hourly activity and natural infection of sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) captured from the aphotic zone of a cave, minas gerais state, brazil. | sandflies are holometabolous insects that are of great epidemiological importance in the neotropical region as vectors of leishmaniases. caves are ecotopes that significantly differ from external environments and, among the insects that live or visit their internal area and adjacent environment, sandflies are commonly found. based on this context, the objective of this work was to examine the period of activity of sandflies in the cave environment in the aphotic zone. thus, four sandfly captures ... | 2012 | 23284957 |
| peridomiciliary breeding sites of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in an endemic area of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeastern brazil. | the occurrence of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) in areas modified by humans indicates that phlebotomine sand fly vectors breed close to human habitations. potential peridomiciliary breeding sites of phlebotomines were sampled in an area of transmission of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in southeastern brazil. three concentric circles rounding houses and domestic animal shelters, with radii of 20, 40, and 60 m, defined the area to be monitored using adult emergence traps. of the 67 ph ... | 2012 | 23091196 |
| participation of heparin binding proteins from the surface of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes in the adhesion of parasites to lutzomyia longipalpis cells (lulo) in vitro. | leishmania (v.) braziliensis is a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil. during the parasite life cycle, the promastigotes adhere to the gut of sandflies, to avoid being eliminated with the dejection. the lulo cell line, derived from lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae), is a suitable in vitro study model to understand the features of parasite adhesion. here, we analyze the role of glycosaminoglycans (gags) from lulo cells and proteins from the parasites in this event. | 2012 | 22805335 |
| information system and geographic information system tools in the data analyses of the control program for visceral leishmaniases from 2006 to 2010 in the sanitary district of venda nova, belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil. | the aim of this paper is to report a brief history of control actions for visceral leishmaniasis (vl) from 2006 to 2010 in the sanitary district (ds) of venda nova, belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil, focusing on the use of information systems and geographic information system (gis) tools. the analyses showed that the use of an automated database allied with geoprocessing tools may favor control measures of vl, especially with regard to the evaluation of control actions carried out. descriptiv ... | 2012 | 22518168 |
| distribution and abundance of phlebotominae, vectors of leishmaniasis, in argentina: spatial and temporal analysis at different scales. | the spatial-temporal analysis of the abundance of insects, vectors of tegumentary leishmaniasis (tl) and visceral leishmaniasis (vl), was performed in argentina using spatial-temporal increasing scales. in the microscale (microfocal), the effect of the primary vegetation-crop interface in vector abundance was observed, and also how the shelters, food sources, and other environmental characteristics contribute to habitat microheterogeneity and so to a microheterogeneous vector distribution. in th ... | 2012 | 22315620 |
| acoustic signals in the sand fly lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (diptera: psychodidae). | acoustic signals are part of the courtship of many insects and they often act as species-specific signals that are important in the reproductive isolation of closely related species. here we report the courtship songs of the sand fly lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia, one of the main vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil. | 2011 | 21569534 |
| phlebotomine sand fly fauna and leishmania infection in the vicinity of the serra do cipó national park, a natural brazilian heritage site. | in the new world, the leishmaniases are primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of leishmania-infected lutzomyia (diptera: psychodidae) phlebotomine sand flies. any or both of two basic clinical forms of these diseases are endemic to several cities in brazil--the american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) and the american visceral leishmaniasis (avl). the present study was conducted in the urban area of a small-sized brazilian municipality (jaboticatubas), in which three cases of avl and n ... | 2015 | 25793193 |
| the sandfly fauna (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) of the parque estadual da serra da tiririca, rio de janeiro, brazil. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in the state of rio de janeiro is sporadic and can be characterised as a peridomestic transmission that occurs in modified natural environments. the aim of this work was to study the fauna and ecological characteristics of sandflies in an environmentally protected area (the state park of serra da tiririca) within the remnants of the atlantic forest in the municipalities of niterói and maricá and their possible relationship with leishmaniasis. captures were performed ... | 0 | 24141956 |
| leishmaniasis transmission in an ecotourism area: potential vectors in ilha grande, rio de janeiro state, brazil. | the south coast of rio de janeiro state, in brazil, is endemic for cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases and is frequently visited by tourists from different parts of the world. since the complex epidemiology of leishmaniases demands local studies, the goal of this study was to investigate the phlebotomine sand fly fauna and leishmaniases transmission in ilha grande, an ecotourism area of angra dos reis municipality. | 2013 | 24499568 |
| trypanosomes modify the behavior of their insect hosts: effects on locomotion and on the expression of a related gene. | as a result of evolution, the biology of triatomines must have been significantly adapted to accommodate trypanosome infection in a complex network of vector-vertebrate-parasite interactions. arthropod-borne parasites have probably developed mechanisms, largely still unknown, to exploit the vector-vertebrate host interactions to ensure their transmission to suitable hosts. triatomines exhibit a strong negative phototaxis and nocturnal activity, believed to be important for insect survival agains ... | 2015 | 26291723 |
| sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in an endemic area of leishmaniasis in aquidauana municipality, pantanal of mato grosso do sul , brazil. | the aquidauana municipality is considered an endemic area of leishmaniasis and an important tourist site in mato grosso do sul state. the aim of this study was to investigate the sand fly fauna in the city of aquidauana. captures were carried out twice a month, from april 2012 to march 2014 with automatic light traps and active aspiration, in the peridomicile and domicile of six residences. a total of 9,338 specimens were collected, 3,179 and 6,159 using light traps and active aspiration, respec ... | 2016 | 27982353 |
| larval breeding sites of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) in visceral leishmaniasis endemic urban areas in southeastern brazil. | the scarcity of information on the immature stages of sand flies and their preferred breeding sites has resulted in the focus of vectorial control on the adult stage using residual insecticide house-spraying. this strategy, along with the treatment of human cases and the euthanasia of infected dogs, has proven inefficient and visceral leishmaniasis continues to expand in brazil. identifying the breeding sites of sand flies is essential to the understanding of the vector's population dynamic and ... | 2013 | 24069494 |
| spread of phlebotominae in temperate climates: province of córdoba, argentina. | we report the presence of the competent vector for leishmania spp, migonemyia migonei, and the evandromyia cortelezzii-sallesi complex south of its known distribution in the central temperate region of argentina, in the province of córdoba. the persistence of this phlebotomine in the northern border of the province, its association with a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and the new record in the outskirts of the city of córdoba, the second most populated in the country, strengthens the need for ... | 0 | 26814647 |
| lutzomyia longipalpis urbanisation and control. | since the description of lutzomyia longipalpis by lutz and neiva more than 100 years ago, much has been written in the scientific literature about this phlebotomine species. soares and turco (2003) and lainson and rangel (2005) have written extensive reviews focused on vector-host-parasite interactions and american visceral leishmaniasis ecology. however, during the last two decades, the success of lu. longipalpis in colonising urban environments and its simultaneous geographical spreading have ... | 2015 | 26517497 |
| incipient colonisation of lutzomyia longipalpis in the city of resistencia, province of chaco, argentina (2010-2012). | lutzomyia longipalpis was recorded for the first time in argentina in 2004, in the province of formosa. in the following years, the vector spread to the south and west in the country and was recorded in the province of chaco in 2010. from november 2010-may 2012, captures of phlebotominae were made in the city of resistencia and its surroundings, to monitor the spread and possible colonisation of lu. longipalpis in the province of chaco. in this monitoring, lu. longipalpis was absent in urban sam ... | 0 | 25075787 |
| the first record of lutzomyia longipalpis in the argentine northwest. | in 2004, the urban presence of lutzomyia longipalpis was recorded for the first time in formosa province. in 2006, the first autochthonous case of human urban visceral leishmaniasis (vl) was recorded in misiones in the presence of the vector, along with some canine vl cases. after this first case, the vector began to spread primarily in northeast argentina. between 2008-2011, three human vl cases were reported in salta province, but the presence of lu. longipalpis was not recorded. captures of p ... | 0 | 24402160 |
| pyrosequencing the midgut transcriptome of the banana weevil cosmopolites sordidus (germar) (coleoptera: curculionidae) reveals multiple protease-like transcripts. | the banana weevil cosmopolites sordidus is an important and serious insect pest in most banana and plantain-growing areas of the world. in spite of the economic importance of this insect pest very little genomic and transcriptomic information exists for this species. in the present study, we characterized the midgut transcriptome of c. sordidus using massive 454-pyrosequencing. we generated over 590,000 sequencing reads that assembled into 30,840 contigs with more than 400 bp, representing a sig ... | 2016 | 26949943 |
| differential roles of an anopheline midgut gpi-anchored protein in mediating plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax ookinete invasion. | novel strategies to directly thwart malaria transmission are needed to maintain the gains achieved by current control measures. transmission-blocking interventions (tbis), namely vaccines and drugs targeting parasite or mosquito molecules required for vector-stage parasite development, have been recognized as promising approaches for preventing malaria transmission. however, the number of tbi targets is limited and their degree of conservation among the major vector-parasite systems causing huma ... | 2014 | 24929123 |
| large-scale identification of odorant-binding proteins and chemosensory proteins from expressed sequence tags in insects. | insect odorant binding proteins (obps) and chemosensory proteins (csps) play an important role in chemical communication of insects. gene discovery of these proteins is a time-consuming task. in recent years, expressed sequence tags (ests) of many insect species have accumulated, thus providing a useful resource for gene discovery. | 2009 | 20034407 |
| an annotated catalogue of salivary gland transcripts in the adult female mosquito, aedes aegypti. | saliva of blood-sucking arthropods contains a cocktail of antihemostatic agents and immunomodulators that help blood feeding. mosquitoes additionally feed on sugar meals and have specialized regions of their glands containing glycosidases and antimicrobials that might help control bacterial growth in the ingested meals. to expand our knowledge on the salivary cocktail of aedes aegypti, a vector of dengue and yellow fevers, we analyzed a set of 4,232 expressed sequence tags from cdna libraries of ... | 2007 | 17204158 |
| molecular diversity between salivary proteins from new world and old world sand flies with emphasis on bichromomyia olmeca, the sand fly vector of leishmania mexicana in mesoamerica. | sand fly saliva has been shown to have proteins with potent biological activities, salivary proteins that can be used as biomarkers of vector exposure, and salivary proteins that are candidate vaccines against different forms of leishmaniasis. sand fly salivary gland transcriptomic approach has contributed significantly to the identification and characterization of many of these salivary proteins from important leishmania vectors; however, sand fly vectors in some regions of the world are still ... | 2016 | 27409591 |
| first report of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (leishmania) infantum chagasi in an urban area of rio de janeiro, brazil. | american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania, and transmitted by sandflies. in the state of rio de janeiro, almost all of the cases of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) are caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, while cases of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) are caused by leishmania (leishmania) infantum chagasi. the resurgence of autochthonous vl cases in rio de janeiro is related to the geographic expansion of the vector ... | 0 | 26603237 |
| attraction of the sand fly nyssomyia neivai (diptera: psychodidae) to chemical compounds in a wind tunnel. | similar to other hematophagous insects, male and female sand flies must feed on plants to obtain sugar and, subsequently, energy to complete their life cycles. a large number of compounds emitted by plants may act as volatile signals to these insects. primary alcohols have been detected in some plants, but in small amounts. in a previous report, the attractiveness of saturated primary alcohols with 7 to 9 carbons was evaluated for lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of american visceral leishmania ... | 2015 | 25889391 |
| the past, present, and future of leishmania genomics and transcriptomics. | it has been nearly 10 years since the completion of the first entire genome sequence of a leishmania parasite. genomic and transcriptomic analyses have advanced our understanding of the biology of leishmania, and shed new light on the complex interactions occurring within the parasite-host-vector triangle. here, we review these advances and examine potential avenues for translation of these discoveries into treatment and control programs. in addition, we argue for a strong need to explore how di ... | 2015 | 25638444 |
| interleukin 10-dominant immune response and increased risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis after natural exposure to lutzomyia intermedia sand flies. | leishmaniasis is caused by parasites transmitted to the vertebrate host by infected sand flies. during transmission, the vertebrate host is also inoculated with sand fly saliva, which exerts powerful immunomodulatory effects on the host's immune response. | 2015 | 25596303 |
| mucocutaneous leishmaniasis/hiv coinfection presented as a diffuse desquamative rash. | leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that is endemic in tropical areas and in the mediterranean. this condition spreads to 98 countries in four continents, surpassing 12 million infected individuals, with 350 million people at risk of infection. this disease is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes, caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania, with various animal reservoirs, such as rodents, dogs, wolves, foxes, and even humans. transmission occurs through a vector, a sandfly o ... | 2014 | 25548691 |
| a laboratory evaluation of alcohols as attractants for the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera:psychodidae). | the potential attraction from 1-octen-3-ol for sandflies has been documented; however, studies using other primary alcohols are limited. | 2014 | 24502386 |
| repeated exposure to lutzomyia intermedia sand fly saliva induces local expression of interferon-inducible genes both at the site of injection in mice and in human blood. | during a blood meal, lutzomyia intermedia sand flies transmit leishmania braziliensis, a parasite causing tegumentary leishmaniasis. in experimental leishmaniasis, pre-exposure to saliva of most blood-feeding sand flies results in parasite establishment in absence of any skin damages in mice challenged with dermotropic leishmania species together with saliva. in contrast, pre-immunization with lu. intermedia salivary gland sonicate (sgs) results in enhanced skin inflammatory exacerbation upon co ... | 2014 | 24421912 |
| lights, camera, and action: vertebrate skin sets the stage for immune cell interaction with arthropod-vectored pathogens. | despite increasing studies targeted at host-pathogen interactions, vector-borne diseases remain one of the largest economic health burdens worldwide. such diseases are vectored by hematophagous arthropods that deposit pathogens into the vertebrate host's skin during a blood meal. these pathogens spend a substantial amount of time in the skin that allows for interaction with cutaneous immune cells, suggesting a window of opportunity for development of vaccine strategies. in particular, the recent ... | 2013 | 24062751 |
| the influence of early neutrophil-leishmania interactions on the host immune response to infection. | neutrophils are the first cells recruited to the dermal site of leishmania infection following injection by needle or sand fly bite. the role of neutrophils in either promoting or suppressing host immunity remains controversial. we discuss the events driving neutrophil recruitment, their interaction with the parasite and apoptotic fate, and the nature of their encounters with other innate cells. we suggest that the influence of the neutrophil response on infection outcome critically depends on t ... | 2012 | 22919650 |
| new insights on the inflammatory role of lutzomyia longipalpis saliva in leishmaniasis. | when an haematophagous sand fly vector insect bites a vertebrate host, it introduces its mouthparts into the skin and lacerates blood vessels, forming a hemorrhagic pool which constitutes an intricate environment of cell interactions. in this scenario, the initial performance of host, parasite, and vector "authors" will heavily influence the course of leishmania infection. recent advances in vector-parasite-host interaction have elucidated "co-authors" and "new roles" not yet described. we revie ... | 2012 | 22506098 |
| ontology patterns for tabular representations of biomedical knowledge on neglected tropical diseases. | ontology-like domain knowledge is frequently published in a tabular format embedded in scientific publications. we explore the re-use of such tabular content in the process of building ntdo, an ontology of neglected tropical diseases (ntds), where the representation of the interdependencies between hosts, pathogens and vectors plays a crucial role. | 0 | 21685092 |
| identification of phlebotomine sand fly blood meals by real-time pcr. | phlebotomine sand flies are blood-feeding insects of great medical and veterinary significance acting as vectors of leishmania parasites. studying the blood-feeding pattern of these insects may help in the understanding of their interactions with potential reservoir hosts of leishmania parasites. in this study, we developed real time pcr assays for the identification of sand fly blood meal. | 2015 | 25889289 |
| first detection of leishmania tropica dna and trypanosoma species in sergentomyia sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from an outbreak area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in ghana. | leishmania major and an uncharacterized species have been reported from human patients in a cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) outbreak area in ghana. reports from the area indicate the presence of anthropophilic sergentomyia species that were found with leishmania dna. | 2014 | 24516676 |
| establishment and characterization of an embryonic cell line from sarconesiopsis magellanica. | sarconesiopsis magellanica (le guillou) (diptera: calliphoridae) is a necrophagous fly that is important in both human and veterinary medicines. this insect has been registered in colombia as a biological indicator in estimating post-mortem interval. insect cell cultures are an important biotechnological tool for basic and applied studies, and cell cultures derived from s. magellanica embryonic tissues are described in this study. s. magellanica embryonated eggs were taken for tissue explants. t ... | 0 | 24766352 |
| dogs, cats, parasites, and humans in brazil: opening the black box. | dogs and cats in brazil serve as primary hosts for a considerable number of parasites, which may affect their health and wellbeing. these may include endoparasites (e.g., protozoa, cestodes, trematodes, and nematodes) and ectoparasites (i.e., fleas, lice, mites, and ticks). while some dog and cat parasites are highly host-specific (e.g., aelurostrongylus abstrusus and felicola subrostratus for cats, and angiostrongylus vasorum and trichodectes canis for dogs), others may easily switch to other h ... | 2014 | 24423244 |
| the lutzomyia longipalpis complex: a brief natural history of aggregation-sex pheromone communication. | in this paper we review the natural history of pheromone communication and the current diversity of aggregation-sex pheromones in the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis. this species complex is the main vector of leishmania infantum, the agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the americas. the identification of variation in pheromone chemotypes combined with molecular and sound analyses have all contributed to our understanding of the extent of divergence among cryptic members of this complex. the impor ... | 2016 | 27842601 |
| monthly distribution of phlebotomine sand flies, and biotic and abiotic factors related to their abundance, in an urban area to which visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in corumbá, brazil. | the monthly distribution and abundance of sand flies are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. the present study aimed to evaluate the seasonal distribution of sand flies and the relation between their abundance and environmental parameters, including vegetation and climate. this study was conducted over a 2-year period (april 2012 to march 2014). monthly distribution was evaluated through the weekly deployment of cdc light traps in the peridomicile area of 5 residences in an urban area ... | 2016 | 27783667 |
| performance of conventional pcrs based on primers directed to nuclear and mitochondrial genes for the detection and identification of leishmania spp. | in visceral leishmaniasis, the detection of the agent is of paramount importance to identify reservoirs of infection. here, we evaluated the diagnostic attributes of pcrs based on primers directed to cytochrome-b (cytb), cytochrome-oxidase-subunit ii (coxii), cytochrome-c (cytc), and the minicircle-kdna. although pcrs directed to cytb, coxii, cytc were able to detect different species of leishmania, and the nucleotide sequence of their amplicons allowed the unequivocal differentiation of species ... | 2016 | 27253743 |
| sensitivity and specificity of parallel or serial serological testing for detection of canine leishmania infection. | in brazil, human and canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) caused by leishmania infantum has undergone urbanisation since 1980, constituting a public health problem, and serological tests are tools of choice for identifying infected dogs. until recently, the brazilian zoonoses control program recommended enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and indirect immunofluorescence assays (ifa) as the screening and confirmatory methods, respectively, for the detection of canine infection. the purpose ... | 2016 | 26910354 |
| geographical expansion of canine visceral leishmaniasis in rio de janeiro state, brazil. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a vector-borne disease that affects humans, and domestic and wild animals. it is caused by the protozoan leishmania (leishmania) infantum (syn = leishmania chagasi). the domestic dog (canis familiaris) is considered the main reservoir of the etiologic agent of vl in domestic and peridomestic environments. in the past three years, although control actions involving domestic dogs are routinely performed in endemic areas of the rio de janeiro state, new cases of canin ... | 0 | 26603233 |
| spatiotemporal analysis of sandfly fauna (diptera: psychodidae) in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis at pantanal, central south america. | environmental changes caused by urbanization can cause alterations in the ecology and behavior of sandflies and in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis. geotechnological tools allow the analysis and recognition of spatiotemporal patterns by monitoring and mapping risk areas of this vector-borne disease. this study aims to describe the sandfly fauna in the municipality of corumbá and to compare it with the data described in a three-year period from 1984 to 1986 by galati. a further aim was to analyz ... | 2014 | 25128480 |
| a comparison of molecular markers to detect lutzomyia longipalpis naturally infected with leishmania (leishmania) infantum. | the aim of the present study was to detect natural infection by leishmania (leishmania) infantum in lutzomyia longipalpis captured in barcarena, state of pará, brazil, through the use of three primer sets. with this approach, it is unnecessary to previously dissect the sandfly specimens. dna of 280 lu. longipalpis female specimens were extracted from the whole insects. pcr primers for kinetoplast minicircle dna (kdna), the mini-exon gene and the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu-rrna) gene of lei ... | 2014 | 25004147 |
| participation of ticks in the infectious cycle of canine visceral leishmaniasis, in teresina, piauí, brazil. | in this study, we detected leishmania spp. infection in r. sanguineus collected from dogs that were naturally infected with l. (l.) infantum. we examined 35 dogs of both sexes and unknown ages. the infected dogs were serologically positive by the immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and quick test-dpp (dual path platform), as well as parasitological examination of a positive skin biopsy or sternal bone marrow aspiration. ten negative dogs were inclu ... | 0 | 25076429 |
| morphological changes in the bone marrow of the dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the most frequent lesions in the bone marrow of dogs naturally infected by leishmania (leishmania) chagasi. thirty-three dogs sacrificed at the zoonosis control center of araçatuba, a municipality endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (vl), were used. the animals were classified as asymptomatic, oligosymptomatic, and symptomatic groups. at the necropsy, bone marrow samples were collected from the femur, fixed, processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. ... | 2014 | 24744957 |
| when population and evolutionary genetics met behaviour. | in this review, we analyse the impact of a population and evolutionary genetics approach on the study of insect behaviour. our attention is focused on the model organism drosophila melanogaster and several other insect species. in particular, we explore the relationship between rhythmic behaviours and the molecular evolution of clock and ion channel genes. | 0 | 24473805 |
| expression of the mevalonate pathway enzymes in the lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) sex pheromone gland demonstrated by an integrated proteomic approach. | in latin america, lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of the protozoan parasite leishmania infantum, which is the causal agent of american visceral leishmaniasis. this insect uses male-produced pheromones for mate recognition. elucidation of pheromone biogenesis or its regulation may enable molecular strategies for mating disruption and, consequently, the vector's population management. motivated by our recent results of the transcriptomic characterization of the l. longipalpis pheromone gl ... | 2013 | 24185139 |
| sensitive and specific serodiagnosis of leishmania infantum infection in dogs by using peptides selected from hypothetical proteins identified by an immunoproteomic approach. | in brazil, the percentage of infected dogs living in areas where canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) is endemic ranges from 10 to 62%; however, the prevalence of infection in dogs is probably higher than figures reported from serological studies. in addition, problems with the occurrence of false-positive or false-negative results in the serodiagnosis of cvl have been reported. the present work analyzed the potential of synthetic peptides mapped from hypothetical proteins for improvement of the ... | 2013 | 23554466 |
| fixed differences in the paralytic gene define two lineages within the lutzomyia longipalpis complex producing different types of courtship songs. | the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae), the most important vector of american visceral leishmaniasis, is widely distributed in latin america. there is currently a consensus that it represents a species complex, however, the number and distribution of the different siblings is still uncertain. previous analyses have indicated that brazilian populations of this vector can be divided into two main groups according to the type of courtship song (burst vs. pulse) mal ... | 2012 | 22970200 |
| the genetic structure of leishmania infantum populations in brazil and its possible association with the transmission cycle of visceral leishmaniasis. | leishmania infantum is the etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the americas, mediterranean basin and west and central asia. although the geographic structure of l. infantum populations from the old world have been described, few studies have addressed the population structure of this parasite in the neotropical region. we employed 14 microsatellites to analyze the population structure of the l. infantum strains isolated from humans and dogs from most of the brazilian states endemic ... | 2012 | 22606248 |
| effect of leishmania spp infection on the survival, life expectancy, fecundity and fertility of lutzomyia longipalpiss.l. and lutzomyia pseudolongipalpis. | we evaluated the effects of leishmaniaspp infection on several population parameters of lutzomyia longipalpis sensu lato andlutzomyia pseudolongipalpis, vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in venezuela, under experimental conditions during the first post-feeding period. females of both species were allowed to feed and engorge on a suspension of fresh washed human red blood cells in foetal calf serum. these blood cells were either non-infected or infected with one of the fourleishmaniaspp strains a ... | 2015 | 26132427 |
| evidence for a lectin specific for sulfated glycans in the salivary gland of the malaria vector, anopheles gambiae. | salivary gland homogenate (sgh) from the female mosquitoes anopheles gambiae, an. stephensi, an. freeborni, an. dirus and an. albimanus were found to exhibit hemagglutinating (lectin) activity. lectin activity was not found for male an. gambiae, or female ae aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, phlebotomus duboscqi, and lutzomyia longipalpis. with respect to species-specificity, an. gambiae sgh agglutinates red blood cells (rbc) from humans, horse, sheep, goat, pig, and cow; it is less active for ra ... | 2014 | 25207644 |
| nucleosides present on phlebotomine saliva induce immunossuppression and promote the infection establishment. | sand fly saliva plays a crucial role in establishing leishmania infection. we identified adenosine (ado) and adenosine monophosphate (amp) as active pharmacologic compounds present in phlebotomus papatasi saliva that inhibit dendritic cell (dc) functions through a pge2/il 10-dependent mechanism. | 2015 | 25849562 |
| recent advances in phlebotomine sand fly research related to leishmaniasis control. | phlebotomine sand flies are the subject of much research because of the role of their females as the only proven natural vectors of leishmania species, the parasitic protozoans that are the causative agents of the neglected tropical disease leishmaniasis. activity in this field was highlighted by the eighth international symposium on phlebotomine sand flies (isops) held in september 2014, which prompted this review focusing on vector control. topics reviewed include: taxonomy and phylogenetics, ... | 2015 | 25885217 |
| analysis of salivary gland transcripts of the sand fly lutzomyia ayacuchensis, a vector of andean-type cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the saliva of blood sucking insects contains potent pharmacologically active components that assist them in counteracting the host hemostatic and inflammatory systems during blood feeding. in addition, sand fly salivary proteins affect host immunity and have the potential to be a vaccine against leishmania infection. in the present study, the salivary gland transcripts of lutzomyia ayacuchensis, a vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in ecuadorian and peruvian andes, were analyzed by sequencing ran ... | 2012 | 23000112 |
| comparative genomics of canine-isolated leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis from an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in governador valadares, southeastern brazil. | leishmaniasis is a highly diverse group of diseases caused by kinetoplastid of the genus leishmania. these parasites are taxonomically diverse, with human pathogenic species separated into two subgenera according to their development site inside the alimentary tract of the sand fly insect vector. the disease encompasses a variable spectrum of clinical manifestations with tegumentary or visceral symptoms. among the causative species in brazil, leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis is an important e ... | 2017 | 28091623 |
| could phlebotomus mascittii play a role as a natural vector for leishmania infantum? new data. | the occurrence of phlebotomine sand flies in central europe was questioned until they were recorded for the first time in germany in 1999, and ten years later also in austria. the aim of this study was to investigate sand flies collected in austria for their carrier status of leishmania spp. | 2016 | 27542911 |
| diagnostic doses and times for phlebotomus papatasi and lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) using the cdc bottle bioassay to assess insecticide resistance. | insecticide resistance to synthetic chemical insecticides is a worldwide concern in phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae), the vectors of leishmania spp. parasites. the cdc bottle bioassay assesses resistance by testing populations against verified diagnostic doses and diagnostic times for an insecticide, but the assay has been used limitedly with sand flies. the objective of this study was to determine diagnostic doses and diagnostic times for laboratory lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & n ... | 2016 | 27083417 |
| study of leishmania pathogenesis in mice: experimental considerations. | although leishmaniases are endemic in 98 countries, they are still considered neglected tropical diseases. leishmaniases are characterized by the emergence of new virulent and asymptomatic strains of leishmania spp. and, as a consequence, by a very diverse clinical spectrum. to fight more efficiently these parasites, the mechanisms of host defense and of parasite virulence need to be thoroughly investigated. to this aim, animal models are widely used. however, the results obtained with these mod ... | 2016 | 26969511 |
| a historical overview of the classification, evolution, and dispersion of leishmania parasites and sandflies. | the aim of this study is to describe the major evolutionary historical events among leishmania, sandflies, and the associated animal reservoirs in detail, in accordance with the geographical evolution of the earth, which has not been previously discussed on a large scale. | 2016 | 26937644 |
| attraction and oviposition preferences of phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae), vector of old-world cutaneous leishmaniasis, to larval rearing media. | as part of a project aimed at developing oviposition attractants for the control and surveillance of phlebotomus papatasi (a vector of old-world cutaneous leishmaniasis), we tested the hypothesis that gravid sand flies are attracted to chemical cues emanating from the growth medium of conspecific larvae - predominantly larvae-conditioned host feces that represents a suitable oviposition site. we report the results of a systematic assessment of media from various developmental stages of the sand ... | 2015 | 26714743 |
| molecular cloning and functional studies of two kazal-type serine protease inhibitors specifically expressed by nasonia vitripennis venom apparatus. | two cdna sequences of kazal-type serine protease inhibitors (kspis) in nasonia vitripennis, nvkspi-1 and nvkspi-2, were characterized and their open reading frames (orfs) were 198 and 264 bp, respectively. both nvkspi-1 and nvkspi-2 contained a typical kazal-type domain. real-time quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) results revealed that nvkspi-1 and nvkspi-2 mrnas were mostly detected specifically in the venom apparatus, while they were expressed at lower levels in the ovary and much lower levels in oth ... | 2015 | 26248077 |
| assessing insecticide susceptibility of laboratory lutzomyia longipalpis and phlebotomus papatasi sand flies (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae). | chemical insecticides are effective for controlling lutzomyia and phlebotomus sand fly (diptera: psychodidae) vectors of leishmania parasites. however, repeated use of certain insecticides has led to tolerance and resistance. the objective of this study was to determine lethal concentrations (lcs) and lethal exposure times (lts) to assess levels of susceptibility of laboratory lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and nieva) and phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) to 10 insecticides using a modified version of ... | 2015 | 26336231 |
| seasonal and physiological variations of phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland antigens in central iran. | sand fly saliva helps parasite establishment and induce immune responses in vertebrate hosts. in the current study, we investigated the modulation of phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland antigen expression by seasonal and biological factors. | 2015 | 27047970 |
| phlebotomus papatasi sp15: mrna expression variability and amino acid sequence polymorphisms of field populations. | the phlebotomus papatasi salivary protein ppsp15 was shown to protect mice against leishmania major, suggesting that incorporation of salivary molecules in multi-component vaccines may be a viable strategy for anti-leishmania vaccines. | 2015 | 26022221 |
| an overview on leishmania vaccines: a narrative review article. | leishmaniasis is one of the major health problems and categorized as a class i disease (emerging and uncontrolled) by world health organization (who), causing highly significant morbidity and mortality. indeed, more than 350 million individuals are at risk of leishmania infection, and about 1.6 million new cases occur causing more than 50 thousands death annually. because of the severe toxicity and drug resistance, present chemotherapy regimen against diverse forms of leishmania infections is no ... | 2015 | 25992245 |
| small rnas derived from trnas and rrnas are highly enriched in exosomes from both old and new world leishmania providing evidence for conserved exosomal rna packaging. | leishmania use exosomes to communicate with their mammalian hosts and these secreted vesicles appear to contribute to pathogenesis by delivering protein virulence factors to macrophages. in other eukaryotes, exosomes were found to carry rna cargo, such as mrnas and small non-coding rnas, capable of altering recipient cell phenotype. whether leishmania exosomes also contain rnas which they are able to deliver to bystander cells is not known. here, we show that leishmania exosomes indeed contain r ... | 2015 | 25764986 |
| the flagellar protein flag1/smp1 is a candidate for leishmania-sand fly interaction. | leishmaniasis is a serious problem that affects mostly poor countries. various species of leishmania are the agents of the disease, which take different clinical manifestations. the parasite is transmitted by sandflies, predominantly from the phlebotomus genus in the old world and lutzomyia in the new world. during development in the gut, leishmania must survive various challenges, which include avoiding being expelled with blood remnants after digestion. it is believed that attachment to the gu ... | 0 | 25793476 |
| vectorbase: an updated bioinformatics resource for invertebrate vectors and other organisms related with human diseases. | vectorbase is a national institute of allergy and infectious diseases supported bioinformatics resource center (brc) for invertebrate vectors of human pathogens. now in its 11th year, vectorbase currently hosts the genomes of 35 organisms including a number of non-vectors for comparative analysis. hosted data range from genome assemblies with annotated gene features, transcript and protein expression data to population genetics including variation and insecticide-resistance phenotypes. here we d ... | 2014 | 25510499 |
| effect of mouse antisera targeting the phlebotomus papatasi midgut chitinase ppchit1 on sandfly physiology and fitness. | in sandflies, the absence of the peritrophic matrix (pm) affects the rate of blood digestion. also, the kinetics of pm secretion varies according to species. we previously characterised ppchit1, a midgut-specific chitinase secreted in phlebotomus papatasi (ppis) that is involved in the maturation of the pm and showed that antibodies against ppchit1 reduce the chitinolytic activity in the midgut of several sandfly species. here, sandflies were fed on red blood cells reconstituted with naïve or an ... | 0 | 25591111 |
| the contribution of the genomes of a termite and a locust to our understanding of insect neuropeptides and neurohormones. | the genomes of the migratory locust locusta migratoria and the termite zootermopsis nevadensis were mined for the presence of genes encoding neuropeptides, neurohormones, and their g-protein coupled receptors (gpcrs). both species have retained a larger number of neuropeptide and neuropeptide gpcrs than the better known holometabolous insect species, while other genes that in holometabolous species appear to have a single transcript produce two different precursors in the locust, the termite or ... | 2014 | 25477824 |
| ipathcons and ipathdb: an improved insect pathway construction tool and the database. | insects are one of the most successful animal groups on earth. some insects, such as the silkworm and honeybee, are beneficial to humans, whereas others are notorious pests of crops. at present, the genomes of 38 insects have been sequenced and made publically available. in addition, the transcriptomes of dozens of insects have been sequenced. as gene data rapidly accumulate, constructing the pathway of molecular interactions becomes increasingly important for entomological research. here, we de ... | 2014 | 25388589 |
| host modulation by a parasite: how leishmania infantum modifies the intestinal environment of lutzomyia longipalpis to favor its development. | some reports have described the interference of leishmania on sand flies physiology, and such behavior most likely evolved to favor the development and transmission of the parasite. most of these studies showed that leishmania could modulate the level of proteases in the midgut after an infective blood meal, and decreased proteolytic activity is indeed beneficial for the development of promastigotes in the gut of sand flies. in the present study, we performed a detailed investigation of the inte ... | 2014 | 25365351 |
| surface polar lipids differ in male and female phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae). | the polar lipids on the surface of the old world sand fly, phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli), were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. blood-fed females and nonblood-fed females and males were separately analyzed and compared. the major polar lipids were found to be long-chain diols and fatty acids. relatively high levels of diacylglycerols were found in blood-fed females and in males. a wide variety of lipids were found at low levels, including esters, sterols, monoacylglycerols, and hy ... | 0 | 25814772 |
| what's behind a sand fly bite? the profound effect of sand fly saliva on host hemostasis, inflammation and immunity. | sand flies are blood-feeding insects and vectors of the leishmania parasite. for many years, saliva of these insects has represented a gold mine for the discovery of molecules with anti-hemostatic and immuno-modulatory activities. furthermore, proteins in sand fly saliva have been shown to be a potential vaccine against leishmaniasis and also markers of vector exposure. a bottleneck to progress in these areas of research has been the identification of molecules responsible for the observed activ ... | 2014 | 25117872 |
| characterization of the early inflammatory infiltrate at the feeding site of infected sand flies in mice protected from vector-transmitted leishmania major by exposure to uninfected bites. | mice exposed to sand fly saliva are protected against vector-transmitted leishmania major. although protection has been related to ifn-γ producing t cells, the early inflammatory response orchestrating this outcome has not been defined. | 2014 | 24762408 |
| an investigation into the protein composition of the teneral glossina morsitans morsitans peritrophic matrix. | tsetse flies serve as biological vectors for several species of african trypanosomes. in order to survive, proliferate and establish a midgut infection, trypanosomes must cross the tsetse fly peritrophic matrix (pm), which is an acellular gut lining surrounding the blood meal. crossing of this multi-layered structure occurs at least twice during parasite migration and development, but the mechanism of how trypanosomes do so is not understood. in order to better comprehend the molecular events su ... | 2014 | 24763256 |
| identifying vaccine targets for anti-leishmanial vaccine development. | leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease spread by an arthropod vector. it remains a significant health problem with an incidence of 0.2–0.4 million visceral leishmaniasis and 0.7–1.2 million cutaneous leishmaniasis cases each year. there are limitations associated with the current therapeutic regimens for leishmaniasis and the fact that after recovery from infection the host becomes immune to subsequent infection therefore, these factors force the feasibility of a vaccine for leishmaniasis ... | 0 | 24606556 |
| stingray: system for integrated genomic resources and analysis. | the stingray system has been conceived to ease the tasks of integrating, analyzing, annotating and presenting genomic and expression data from sanger and next generation sequencing (ngs) platforms. | 2014 | 24606808 |
| field evaluation of alphacypermethrin in indoor residual spraying for leishmaniasis control in an endemic area, northern morocco. | in morocco, the main strategies of leishmaniasis vector control are based on environmental modifications. use of local residual indoor spraying with synthetic pyrethroids is often envisaged. the need to evaluate this control method is essential. the current study was conducted to determine the efficacy of an alphacypermethrin irs program against leishmaniasis vectors in an endemic area in the north of morocco. | 2013 | 24330760 |
| genomic, rnaseq, and molecular modeling evidence suggests that the major allergen domain in insects evolved from a homodimeric origin. | the major allergen domain (ma) is widely distributed in insects. the crystal structure of a single bla g 1 ma revealed a novel protein fold in which the fundamental structure was a duplex of two subsequences (monomers), which had diverged over time. this suggested that the evolutionary origin of the ma structure may have been a homodimer of this smaller subsequence. using publicly available genomic data, the distribution of the basic unit of this class of proteins was determined to better unders ... | 0 | 24253356 |
| mechanisms of cellular invasion by intracellular parasites. | numerous disease-causing parasites must invade host cells in order to prosper. collectively, such pathogens are responsible for a staggering amount of human sickness and death throughout the world. leishmaniasis, chagas disease, toxoplasmosis, and malaria are neglected diseases and therefore are linked to socio-economical and geographical factors, affecting well-over half the world's population. such obligate intracellular parasites have co-evolved with humans to establish a complexity of specif ... | 2013 | 24221133 |
| fine structure of the male reproductive system and reproductive behavior of lutzomyia longipalpis sandflies (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae). | the male reproductive system of insects can have several tissues responsible for the secretion of seminal fluid proteins (sfps), such as testes, accessory glands, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct and ejaculatory bulb. the sfps are transferred during mating and can induce several physiological and behavioral changes in females, such as increase in oviposition and decrease in sexual receptivity after copulation. the phlebotomine lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis. ... | 2013 | 24058637 |
| the effect of avian blood on leishmania development in phlebotomus duboscqi. | the development of pathogens transmitted by haematophagous invertebrate vectors is closely connected with the digestion of bloodmeals and is thus affected by midgut enzymatic activity. some studies have demonstrated that avian blood inhibits leishmania major infection in the old world vector phlebotomus papatasi; however, this effect has never been observed in the new world vectors of the genus lutzomyia infected by other leishmania species. therefore, our study was focused on the effect of chic ... | 2013 | 24059328 |
| kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors in the midgut of phlebotomus papatasi. | sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) are important disease vectors of parasites of the genus leishmania, as well as bacteria and viruses. following studies of the midgut transcriptome of phlebotomus papatasi, the principal vector of leishmania major, two non-classical kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors were identified (ppkzl1 and ppkzl2). analyses of expression profiles indicated that ppkzl1 and ppkzl2 transcripts are both regulated by blood-feeding in the midgut of p. papatasi and are also exp ... | 0 | 24037187 |
| dual effect of lutzomyia longipalpis saliva on leishmania braziliensis infection is mediated by distinct saliva-induced cellular recruitment into balb/c mice ear. | leishmania parasites are transmitted to their vertebrate hosts by infected phlebotomine sand flies during the blood meal of the flies. sand fly saliva is known to enhance leishmania spp. infection, while pre-exposure to saliva protects mice against parasitic infections. in this study, we investigated the initial inflammatory leucocyte composition induced by one or three inocula of salivary gland extract (sge) from lutzomyia longipalpis in the presence or absence of leishmania braziliensis. | 2013 | 23656976 |
| characterization of phlebotomus papatasi peritrophins, and the role of ppper1 in leishmania major survival in its natural vector. | the peritrophic matrix (pm) plays a key role in compartmentalization of the blood meal and as barrier to pathogens in many disease vectors. to establish an infection in sand flies, leishmania must escape from the endoperitrophic space to prevent excretion with remnants of the blood meal digestion. in spite of the role played regarding leishmania survival, little is known about sand fly pm molecular components and structural organization. we characterized three peritrophins (ppper1, ppper2, and p ... | 2013 | 23516661 |