Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| newly recognized mosquito-associated viruses in mainland china, in the last two decades. | there are four principal arboviruses in mainland china. two kinds of them are mosquito-borne viruses, namely japanese encephalitis virus and dengue virus, which lead to japanese encephalitis, and dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever respectively; the other two are tick-borne viruses, namely tick-borne encephalitis virus and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (also known as xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus), which contribute to tick-borne encephalitis and xinjiang hemorrhagic fever respective ... | 2011 | 21314994 |
| delayed cytosolic exposure of japanese encephalitis virus double-stranded rna impedes interferon activation and enhances viral dissemination in porcine cells. | interferon is a principal component of the host antiviral defense system. in this study, abortive focus formation by japanese encephalitis virus (jev) in primate cells was accompanied with early interferon induction, while productive focus formation in porcine cells was associated with a late interferon response. neutralization antibodies against interferon relieved the restricted infection in primate cells, and increasingly larger foci were generated as treatment with exogenous interferon was d ... | 2011 | 21525349 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of genotype 1 japanese encephalitis virus, sx09s-01, from pigs in china. | pigs play a critical role in japanese encephalitis virus (jev) transmission between mosquitos and humans. in 2009, lots of piglets developed symptom of viral encephalitis in a pig farm in yunchen, shanxi province. | 2011 | 21999532 |
| personal protection against biting insects and ticks. | recent events with the first cases of local transmission of chikungunya and dengue fever virus in southern france by aedes albopictus, adding to the nuisance and potential vectors that can be encountered when traveling in tropical or sub-tropical countries, has shown the value of a reflection on the personal protection against vectors (ppav). it is seen during an outbreak of vector-borne disease, or simply because of nuisance arthropods, that our fellow citizens try to protect themselves individ ... | 2011 | 21395212 |
| japanese encephalitis virus in culicine mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) collected at daeseongdong, a village in the demilitarized zone of the republic of korea. | in total, 22,846 (17,793 culicines and 5,053 anopheles spp.) female mosquitoes were captured by a mosquito magnet trap at daeseongdong, a small village adjacent to the military demarcation line (center of the demilitarized zone) in northern gyeonggi province, republic of korea (rok). culicine mosquitoes were identified to species, placed in pools of up to 30 mosquitoes each, and screened for flavivirus using a sybr green i-based real-time polymerase chain reaction. in total, 51/660 pools positiv ... | 2011 | 22238887 |
| the abundance and host-seeking behavior of culicine species (diptera: culicidae) and anopheles sinensis in yongcheng city, people's republic of china. | abstract: background: the knowledge of mosquito species diversity and the level of anthropophily exhibited by each species in a region are of great importance to the integrated vector control. culicine species are the primary vectors of japanese encephalitis (je) virus and filariasis in china. anopheles sinensis plays a major role in the maintenance of plasmodium vivax malaria transmission in china. the goal of this study was to compare the abundance and host-seeking behavior of culicine specie ... | 2011 | 22115320 |
| new japanese encephalitis vaccines: alternatives to production in mouse brain. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev), a flavivirus maintained in a zoonotic cycle and transmitted by the mosquito culex tritaeniorhynchus, causes epidemics of encephalitis throughout much of asia. resident populations, including short- or long-term visitors to enzootic regions, are at risk of infection and disease. for the past several decades, killed viral vaccines prepared in tissue culture or mouse brain have been used effectively to immunize travelers and residents of enzootic countries. cost, ... | 2011 | 21434803 |
| seasonal prevalence of mosquitoes, including vectors of brugian filariasis, in southern islands of the republic of korea. | a survey of mosquitoes, including the vector status of brugia malayi filariasis and their relative larval density, was conducted from 2002 to 2005 at several southern remote islands of jeollanam-do (province), gyeongsangnam-do, and jeju-do, korea, where filariasis was previously endemic. overall, a total of 9 species belonging to 7 genera were collected. ochlerotatus togoi (formerly known as aedes togoi), anopheles (hyrcanus) group, and culex pipiens were the predominant species captured at all ... | 2011 | 21461270 |
| the afhsc-division of geis operations predictive surveillance program: a multidisciplinary approach for the early detection and response to disease outbreaks. | the armed forces health surveillance center, division of global emerging infections surveillance and response system operations (afhsc-geis) initiated a coordinated, multidisciplinary program to link data sets and information derived from eco-climatic remote sensing activities, ecologic niche modeling, arthropod vector, animal disease-host/reservoir, and human disease surveillance for febrile illnesses, into a predictive surveillance program that generates advisories and alerts on emerging infec ... | 2011 | 21388561 |
| japanese encephalitis virus genotype replacement, taiwan, 2009-2010. | genotype i of japanese encephalitis virus first appeared in taiwan in 2008. phylogenetic analysis of 37 viruses from pig farms in 2009-2010 classified these viruses into 2 unique subclusters of genotype i viruses and suggested multiple introductions and swift replacement of genotype iii by genotype i virus in taiwan. | 2011 | 22172307 |
| emergence of japanese encephalitis virus genotype v in the republic of korea. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) genotype v reemerged in asia (china) in 2009 after a 57-year hiatus from the continent, thereby emphasizing a need to increase regional surveillance efforts. genotypic characterization was performed on 19 jev-positive mosquito pools (18 pools of culex tritaeniorhynchus and 1 pool of cx. bitaeniorhynchus) from a total of 64 positive pools collected from geographically different locations throughout the republic of korea (rok) during 2008 and 2010. | 2011 | 21943222 |
| the jak-stat pathway controls plasmodium vivax load in early stages of anopheles aquasalis infection. | malaria affects 300 million people worldwide every year and 450,000 in brazil. in coastal areas of brazil, the main malaria vector is anopheles aquasalis, and plasmodium vivax is responsible for the majority of malaria cases in the americas. insects possess a powerful immune system to combat infections. three pathways control the insect immune response: toll, imd, and jak-stat. here we analyze the immune role of the a. aquasalis jak-stat pathway after p. vivax infection. three genes, the transcr ... | 2011 | 22069502 |
| Mosquito host selection varies seasonally with host availability and mosquito density. | Host selection by vector mosquitoes is a critical component of virus proliferation, particularly for viruses such as West Nile (WNV) that are transmitted enzootically to a variety of avian hosts, and tangentially to dead-end hosts such as humans. Culex tarsalis is a principal vector of WNV in rural areas of western North America. Based on previous work, Cx. tarsalis utilizes a variety of avian and mammalian hosts and tends to feed more frequently on mammals in the late summer than during the res ... | 2011 | 22206038 |
| [analysis of sequence and genotype of e gene of the newly isolated japanese encephalitis virus strains in wuhan, hubei province]. | to analyze the molecular characteristics of the newly isolated two japanese encephalitis virus strains (jev) in wuhan. | 2011 | 22097600 |
| discovery of dna viruses in wild-caught mosquitoes using small rna high throughput sequencing. | mosquito-borne infectious diseases pose a severe threat to public health in many areas of the world. current methods for pathogen detection and surveillance are usually dependent on prior knowledge of the etiologic agents involved. hence, efficient approaches are required for screening wild mosquito populations to detect known and unknown pathogens. | 2011 | 21949749 |
| japanese encephalitis, tibet, china. | to the editor: tibet is located in the qinghai-tibet plateau of western people's republic of china and has been internationally recognized as a japanese encephalitis (je)-nonendemic area because the average altitude is thought to be too high to facilitate the cycle of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) between mosquitoes and vertebrates (1,2). in addition, je is a reportable infectious disease in china, and no clinically confirmed case has been reported in tibet since establishment of a national ... | 2011 | 21529419 |
| continuity and change of japanese encephalitis virus in toyama prefecture, japan. | abstract. to determine the mechanisms of maintenance and evolution of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) in a temperate zone, we attempted to isolate jev from mosquitoes and pigs in toyama prefecture, japan. a total of 87 jevs were isolated from female culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes and pigs during 2005-2009. the prevalence of jev in toyama prefecture was seasonally late in comparison with that of the virus during 1966-1972. furthermore, jevs were isolated after the peak in the number of fema ... | 2011 | 21540378 |
| pathogenesis of japanese encephalitis virus infection in a golden hamster model and evaluation of flavivirus cross-protective immunity. | abstract. japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus endemic to southeast asia and surrounding pacific islands, and it has most recently emerged in northern australia. jev is closely related to west nile virus (wnv) and st. louis encephalitis virus (slev), both endemic to the united states. in the event that jev is introduced into the americas, it will be important to determine whether immunity to wnv or slev might afford protection from infection and development of viremia ... | 2011 | 21540381 |
| distribution of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne arboviruses in yunnan province near the china-myanmar-laos border. | abstract. economic development and increased tourism in the southern region of yunnan province in china, adjacent to several countries in southeast asia, has increased the likelihood of import and export of vectors and vector-borne diseases. we report the results of surveillance of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne arboviruses along the border of china-myanmar-laos in 2005 and 2006, and information associating several arboviruses with infections and possibly disease in local human populations. seven ... | 2011 | 21540383 |
| laboratory selection for an accelerated mosquito sexual development rate. | abstract: background: separating males and females at the early adult stage did not ensure the virginity of females of anopheles arabiensis (dongola laboratory strain), whereas two years earlier this method had been successful. in most mosquito species, newly emerged males and females are not able to mate successfully. for anopheline species, a period of 24 h post-emergence is generally required for the completion of sexual maturation, which in males includes a 180degrees rotation of the genital ... | 2011 | 21595988 |
| comparison of the efficacy of co(2) -baited and unbaited light traps, gravid traps, backpack aspirators, and sweep net collections for sampling mosquitoes infected with japanese encephalitis virus. | two field studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of mosquito collection methods for species composition, species abundance, and japanese encephalitis virus infection rates in taiwan. traps evaluated included john w. hock (jh) model ud black light traps, jh model 1012 new standard miniature cdc light traps, jh model 1712 cdc gravid traps, and taiwan-made pest-o-lite light traps. backpack aspirators and sweep nets were also used to collect the resting population. culex tritaeniorhynchus ... | 2011 | 21635643 |
| efficacy of plant-mediated synthesized silver nanoparticles against hematophagous parasites. | the purpose of the present study was to investigate the acaricidal and larvicidal activity against the larvae of haemaphysalis bispinosa neumann (acarina: ixodidae) and larvae of hematophagous fly hippobosca maculata leach (diptera: hippoboscidae) and against the fourth-instar larvae of malaria vector, anopheles stephensi liston, japanese encephalitis vector, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles (diptera: culicidae) of synthesized silver nanoparticles (agnps) utilizing aqueous leaf extract from musa pa ... | 2011 | 21638210 |
| feeding behaviour of potential vectors of west nile virus in senegal. | west nile virus (wnv) is a widespread pathogen maintained in an enzootic cycle between mosquitoes and birds with occasional spill-over into dead-end hosts such as horses and humans. migratory birds are believed to play an important role in its dissemination from and to the palaearctic area, as well as its local dispersion between wintering sites. the djoudj park, located in senegal, is a major wintering site for birds migrating from europe during the study period (sept. 2008- jan. 2009). in this ... | 2011 | 21651763 |
| the spatial heterogeneity between japanese encephalitis incidence distribution and environmental variables in nepal. | to identify potential environmental drivers of japanese encephalitis virus (je) transmission in nepal, we conducted an ecological study to determine the spatial association between 2005 nepal je incidence, and climate, agricultural, and land-cover variables at district level. | 2011 | 21811573 |
| larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts against anopheles subpictus & culex tritaeniorhynchus. | background & objectives: mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year and the development of resistance to chemical insecticides resulting in rebounding vectorial capacity. plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents. the present study assessed the role of larvicidal activities of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol dried leaf and bark extracts of annona squamosa l., chrysanthemum indicum l., and tridax procumbens l. agai ... | 2011 | 21808141 |
| simultaneous detection and differentiation of dengue virus serotypes 1-4, japanese encephalitis virus, and west nile virus by a combined reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | abstract: | 2011 | 21777455 |
| larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against culex tritaeniorhynchus giles and anopheles subpictus grassi (diptera: culicidae). | to investigate the larvicidal and repellent properties of essential oils from various parts of four plant species cymbopogan citrates, cinnamomum zeylanicum, rosmarinus officinalis and zingiber officinale against culex tritaeniorhynchus (cx. tritaeniorhynchus) and anopheles subpictus (an. subpictus). | 2011 | 21771431 |
| genotype v japanese encephalitis virus is emerging. | japanese encephalitis (je) is a global public health issue that has spread widely to more than 20 countries in asia and has extended its geographic range to the south pacific region including australia. je has become the most important cause of viral encephalitis in the world. japanese encephalitis viruses (jev) are divided into five genotypes, based on the nucleotide sequence of the envelope (e) gene. the muar strain, isolated from patient in malaya in 1952, is the sole example of genotype v je ... | 2011 | 21750744 |
| emergence of genotype i of japanese encephalitis virus as the dominant genotype in asia. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev), a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen, is one of the major causes of viral encephalitis worldwide. previous phylogenetic studies based on the envelope protein indicated that there are four genotypes, and surveillance data suggest that genotype i is gradually replacing genotype iii as the dominant strain. here we report an evolutionary analysis based on 98 full-length genome sequences of jev, including 67 new samples isolated from humans, pigs, mosquitoes, midges. ... | 2011 | 21697481 |
| male mating competitiveness of a wolbachia-introgressed aedes polynesiensis strain under semi-field conditions. | lymphatic filariasis (lf), a global public health problem affecting approximately 120 million people worldwide, is a leading cause of disability in the developing world including the south pacific. despite decades of ongoing mass drug administration (mda) in the region, some island nations have not yet achieved the threshold levels of microfilaremia established by the world health organization for eliminating transmission. previously, the generation of a novel aedes polynesiensis strain (cp) inf ... | 2011 | 21829750 |
| nationwide surveillance of west nile virus targeting mosquitoes and dead birds from april 2004 through march 2007 in japan. | we conducted nationwide west nile virus (wnv) surveillance targeting mosquitoes and dead birds to reveal whether the virus and its potential vectors are present in japan. a total of 12 766 mosquitoes and 230 dead birds were collected in april 2004-march 2005 (the 2004-2005 period), 10 755 mosquitoes and 267 dead birds in april 2005-march 2006 (the 2005-2006 period), and 8624 mosquitoes and 245 dead birds in april 2006-march 2007 (the 2006-2007 period). the species of most of the mosquitoes colle ... | 2011 | 20163573 |
| a diagnostic algorithm to serologically differentiate west nile virus from japanese encephalitis virus infections and its validation in field surveillance of poultry and horses. | abstract the detection of west nile virus (wnv) in areas endemic for japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is complicated by the extensive serological cross-reactivity between the two viruses. a testing algorithm was developed and employed for the detection of anti-wnv antibody in areas endemic for jev. using this differentiation algorithm, a serological survey of poultry (2004 through 2009) and horses (2007 through 2009) was performed. among 2681 poultry sera, 125 samples were interpreted as bein ... | 2012 | 22217162 |
| global climate change and its potential impact on disease transmission by salinity-tolerant mosquito vectors in coastal zones. | global climate change can potentially increase the transmission of mosquito vector-borne diseases such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and dengue in many parts of the world. these predictions are based on the effects of changing temperature, rainfall, and humidity on mosquito breeding and survival, the more rapid development of ingested pathogens in mosquitoes and the more frequent blood feeds at moderately higher ambient temperatures. an expansion of saline and brackish water bodies (water wi ... | 2012 | 22723781 |
| a review of the invasive mosquitoes in europe: ecology, public health risks, and control options. | there has been growing interest in europe in recent years in the establishment and spread of invasive mosquitoes, notably the incursion of aedes albopictus through the international trade in used tires and lucky bamboo, with onward spread within europe through ground transport. more recently, five other non-european aedine mosquito species have been found in europe, and in some cases populations have established locally and are spreading. concerns have been raised about the involvement of these ... | 2012 | 22448724 |
| ecological niche modeling to estimate the distribution of japanese encephalitis virus in asia. | culex tritaeniorhynchus is the primary vector of japanese encephalitis virus (jev), a leading cause of encephalitis in asia. jev is transmitted in an enzootic cycle involving large wading birds as the reservoirs and swine as amplifying hosts. the development of a jev vaccine reduced the number of je cases in regions with comprehensive childhood vaccination programs, such as in japan and the republic of korea. however, the lack of vaccine programs or insufficient coverage of populations in other ... | 2012 | 22724030 |
| evaluation of a field-portable dna microarray platform and nucleic acid amplification strategies for the detection of arboviruses, arthropods, and bloodmeals. | highly multiplexed assays, such as microarrays, can benefit arbovirus surveillance by allowing researchers to screen for hundreds of targets at once. we evaluated amplification strategies and the practicality of a portable dna microarray platform to analyze virus-infected mosquitoes. the prototype microarray design used here targeted the non-structural protein 5, ribosomal rna, and cytochrome b genes for the detection of flaviviruses, mosquitoes, and bloodmeals, respectively. we identified 13 of ... | 2012 | 23249687 |
| the contribution of rodent models to the pathological assessment of flaviviral infections of the central nervous system. | members of the genus flavivirus are responsible for a spectrum of important neurological syndromes in humans and animals. rodent models have been used extensively to model flavivirus neurological disease, to discover host-pathogen interactions that influence disease outcome, and as surrogates to determine the efficacy and safety of vaccines and therapeutics. in this review, we discuss the current understanding of flavivirus neuroinvasive disease and outline the host, viral and experimental facto ... | 2012 | 22592957 |
| occurrence of japanese encephalitis virus mosquito vectors in relation to urban pig holdings. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is transmitted to humans from pigs or birds by mosquitoes. in this study, the association between urban pig keeping and mosquito vectors was analyzed. a total of 7, 419 mosquitoes were collected overnight in urban households with and without pigs in can tho city, vietnam. the most prevalent vectors were culex tritaeniorhynchus (36%), cx. gelidus (24%), and cx. quinquefasciatus (15%), which were present in all parts of the city. pigs were associated with increase ... | 2012 | 23033401 |
| salinity-tolerant larvae of mosquito vectors in the tropical coast of jaffna, sri lanka and the effect of salinity on the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis to aedes aegypti larvae. | dengue, chikungunya, malaria, filariasis and japanese encephalitis are common mosquito-borne diseases endemic to sri lanka. aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, the major vectors of dengue, were recently shown to undergo pre-imaginal development in brackish water bodies in the island. a limited survey of selected coastal localities of the jaffna district in northern sri lanka was carried out to identify mosquito species undergoing pre-imaginal development in brackish and saline waters. the effect ... | 2012 | 23174003 |
| effectiveness of the viet nam produced, mouse brain-derived, inactivated japanese encephalitis vaccine in northern viet nam. | japanese encephalitis (je) is a flaviviral disease of public health concern in many parts of asia. je often occurs in large epidemics, has a high case-fatality ratio and, among survivors, frequently causes persistent neurological sequelae and mental disabilities. in 1997, the vietnamese government initiated immunization campaigns targeting all children aged 1-5 years. three doses of a locally-produced, mouse brain-derived, inactivated je vaccine (mbv) were given. this study aims at evaluating th ... | 2012 | 23272262 |
| evaluation of aqueous and ethanol extract of bioactive medicinal plant, cassia didymobotrya (fresenius) irwin & barneby against immature stages of filarial vector, culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae). | to evaluate aqueous and ethanol extract of cassia didymobotrya leaves against immature stages of culex quinquefasciatus. | 2012 | 23569999 |
| repellent properties of cardiospermum halicacabum linn. (family: sapindaceae) plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. | to determine repellent activity of hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform and methanol extract of cardiospermum halicacabum (c. halicacabum) against culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus), aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) and anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi). | 2012 | 23569979 |
| rapid molecular detection methods for arboviruses of livestock of importance to northern europe. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have been responsible for some of the most explosive epidemics of emerging infectious diseases over the past decade. their impact on both human and livestock populations has been dramatic. the early detection either through surveillance or diagnosis of virus will be a critical feature in responding and resolving the emergence of such epidemics in the future. although some of the most important emerging arboviruses are human pathogens, this paper aims to high ... | 2012 | 22219660 |
| reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of japanese encephalitis virus in swine and mosquitoes. | japanese encephalitis (je) can infect many agriculturally important animals and humans, and has a high incidence in asia. one of the natural hosts of the mosquito-borne je virus (jev) is domestic pigs, which act as amplifier hosts. porcine infection results in fatal encephalitis, abortion, and stillbirth in pregnant sows, and hypospermia in boars. in this study, a rapid jev detection method for swine and mosquitoes was developed based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplificati ... | 2012 | 23176446 |
| the involvement of microglial cells in japanese encephalitis infections. | despite the availability of effective vaccines, japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infections remain a leading cause of encephalitis in many asian countries. the virus is transmitted to humans by culex mosquitoes, and, while the majority of human infections are asymptomatic, up to 30% of je cases admitted to hospital die and 50% of the survivors suffer from neurological sequelae. microglia are brain-resident macrophages that play key roles in both the innate and adaptive immune responses in the c ... | 2012 | 22919405 |
| japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes and swine in yunnan province, china 2009-2010. | the residential regions of yunnan province, canton of jing hong, in china were surveyed for japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection in mosquito and swine vectors to determine the frequency of jev-carrying zoonotic vectors in 2009-2010. a total of 21,500 mosquitoes were collected and divided by species, and brain tissue was collected from 108 stillborn piglets. the infection rates for the different jev species were 13.2% for culex tritaeniorhynchus, 2.7% for anopheles sinensis, 0.7% for armig ... | 2012 | 23199264 |
| novel ache inhibitors for sustainable insecticide resistance management. | resistance to insecticides has become a critical issue in pest management and it is particularly chronic in the control of human disease vectors. the gravity of this situation is being exacerbated since there has not been a new insecticide class produced for over twenty years. reasoned strategies have been developed to limit resistance spread but have proven difficult to implement in the field. here we propose a new conceptual strategy based on inhibitors that preferentially target mosquitoes al ... | 2012 | 23056599 |
| north american birds as potential amplifying hosts of japanese encephalitis virus. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is an emerging arbovirus, and inter-continental spread is an impending threat. the virus is maintained in a transmission cycle between mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts, including birds. we detected variation in interspecies responses among north american birds to infection with strains of two different jev genotypes (i and iii). several native north american passerine species and ring-billed gulls had the highest average peak viremia titers after inoculatio ... | 2012 | 22927494 |
| mesoniviridae: a proposed new family in the order nidovirales formed by a single species of mosquito-borne viruses. | recently, two independent surveillance studies in côte d'ivoire and vietnam, respectively, led to the discovery of two mosquito-borne viruses, cavally virus and nam dinh virus, with genome and proteome properties typical for viruses of the order nidovirales. using a state-of-the-art approach, we show that the two insect nidoviruses are (i) sufficiently different from other nidoviruses to represent a new virus family, and (ii) related to each other closely enough to be placed in the same virus sp ... | 2012 | 22527862 |
| larval ecology of mosquitoes in sylvatic arbovirus foci in southeastern senegal. | although adult mosquito vectors of sylvatic arbovirus [yellow fever (yfv), dengue-2 (denv-2) and chikungunya (chikv)] have been studied for the past 40 years in southeastern senegal, data are still lacking on the ecology of larval mosquitoes in this area. in this study, we investigated the larval habitats of mosquitoes and characterized their seasonal and spatial dynamics in arbovirus foci. | 2012 | 23216815 |
| genome organization, phylogenies, expression patterns, and three-dimensional protein models of two acetylcholinesterase genes from the red flour beetle. | since the report of a paralogous acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec3.1.1.7) gene in the greenbug (schizaphis graminum) in 2002, two different ache genes (ace1 and ace2) have been identified in each of at least 27 insect species. however, the gene models of ace1 and ace2, and their molecular properties have not yet been comprehensively analyzed in any insect species. in this study, we sequenced the full-length cdnas, computationally predicted the corresponding three-dimensional protein models, and pr ... | 2012 | 22359679 |
| exploring marine cyanobacteria for lead compounds of pharmaceutical importance. | the ocean, which is called the "mother of origin of life," is also the source of structurally unique natural products that are mainly accumulated in living organisms. cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes used as food by humans. they are excellent source of vitamins and proteins vital for life. several of these compounds show pharmacological activities and are helpful for the invention and discovery of bioactive compounds, primarily for deadly diseases like cancer, acquired immunodeficien ... | 2012 | 22545008 |
| genetic sex separation of the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis, by exposing eggs to dieldrin. | the sterile insect technique (sit) has been used with success for suppressing or eliminating important insect pests of agricultural or veterinary importance. in order to develop sit for mosquitoes, female elimination prior to release is essential as they are the disease-transmitting sex. a genetic sexing strain (gss) of anopheles arabiensis was created based on resistance to dieldrin, and methods of sex separation at the egg stage were developed. the use of this strain for sit will require sexua ... | 2012 | 22713308 |
| insecticide resistance to organophosphates in culex pipiens complex from lebanon. | analysis of culex pipiens mosquitoes collected from a single site in lebanon in 2005, revealed an alarming frequency of ace-1 alleles conferring resistance to organophosphate insecticides. following this, in 2006 the majority of municipalities switched to pyrethroids after a long history of organophosphate usage in the country; however, since then no studies have assessed the impact of changing insecticide class on the frequency of resistant ace-1 alleles in c. pipiens. | 2012 | 22759898 |
| mosquito species composition and plasmodium vivax infection rates for korean army bases near the demilitarized zone in the republic of korea, 2011. | vivax malaria is a significant military and civilian health threat in northern republic of korea (rok). mosquito collections were performed at two rok army installations, paju near the demilitarized zone (dmz) using black light traps in 2011. the dmz, a 4 km wide border, is the northernmost point of the rok and separates the rok from the democratic people's republic of korea (dprk). anopheles spp. were identified by polymerase chain reaction and screened for plasmodium vivax sporozoites. of 4,35 ... | 2012 | 23243112 |
| distribution of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses along the china-myanmar border in yunnan province. | a total of 54,673 mosquitoes were collected at 11 sites located near the china-myanmar border in the western part of yunnan province during july and august 2007. there were 29 species in 4 genera identified from the collections, including 12 species of culex, 12 species of anopheles, 3 species of aedes, and 2 species of armigeres. culex tritaeniorhynchus giles (67.9%, 37,119/54,673) and anopheles sinensis wiedemann (25.9%, 14,170/54,673) were the most abundant species in this investigation. viru ... | 2012 | 22627302 |
| [genotype i japanese encephalitis virus is the main genotype in mosquito in fujian province]. | to grasp the infection rate and genotypes of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) in mosquito in fujian province. | 2012 | 23002538 |
| establishment and characterization of a cell line from the mosquito culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae). | we established a continuous cell line from the embryo of the mosquito culex tritaeniorhynchus giles (diptera: culicidae), a known major vector of the japanese encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus) in asia. the cell line, designated niid-ctr, was serially subcultured in vp-12 medium supplemented with 10 % heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (fbs). it continued to grow for more than 60 passages over a 750-d period. the niid-ctr cell line mainly comprised two morphologically di ... | 2012 | 22706601 |
| impact of weather variables on mosquitoes infected with japanese encephalitis virus in kurnool district, andhra pradesh. | to assess the virus infection in mosquitoes during different seasons and correlated with various climatic factors. | 2012 | 22546646 |
| rapid intraspecific evolution of mirna and sirna genes in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | rna silencing, or rna interference (rnai) in metazoans mediates development, reduces viral infection and limits transposon mobility. rna silencing involves 21-30 nucleotide rnas classified into microrna (mirna), exogenous and endogenous small interfering rnas (sirna), and piwi-interacting rna (pirna). knock-out, silencing and mutagenesis of genes in the exogenous sirna (exo-sirna) regulatory network demonstrate the importance of this rnai pathway in antiviral immunity in drosophila and mosquitoe ... | 2012 | 23028502 |
| toxicity of saponin isolated from gymnema sylvestre r. br. (asclepiadaceae) against culex tritaeniorhynchus giles (diptera: culicidae) japanese encephalitis vector mosquito in india. | to determine the larvicidal activity of various extracts of gymnema sylvestre against the japanese encephalitis vector, culex tritaeniorynchus in tamilnadu, india. to identify the active principle present in the promising fraction obtained in chlorofom:methanol extract of fraction 2. the g. sylvestre leaf extracts were tested, employing who procedure against fourth instar larvae of c. tritaeniorhynchus and the larval mortalities were recorded at various concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50 and 1 ... | 2012 | 23152320 |
| larvicidal efficacy of botanical extracts against two important vector mosquitoes. | to determine the larvicidal efficacy of different solvent leaf extract of ervatamia coronaria and caesalpinia pulcherrima against anopheles subpictus and culex tritaeniorhynchus. | 2012 | 22530357 |
| bioassay of artemisia annua leaf extracts and artemisinin against larvae of culex quinquefasciatus and culex tritaeniorhynchus. | using in vitro bioassays, we evaluated the crude methanol, ethanol, chloroform, and acetone leaf extracts of artemisia annua as well as pure artemisinin against late 3rd and early 4th instars of culex quinquefasciatus and cx. tritaeniorhynchus. based on the lethal concentration for 50% mortality (lc50) and lethal concentration for 90% mortality (lc90) values, the chloroform leaf extract was the most toxic, followed by methanol, ethanol, and acetone. the lc50 and lc90 values for chloroform extrac ... | 2012 | 23393756 |
| [effect of intermittent irrigation in paddy fields on mosquito control]. | to investigate the effects of intermittent irrigation in paddy fields on mosquito control and the impact on growth and yield of rice. | 2012 | 22590874 |
| identification of wild collected mosquito vectors of diseases using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in jazan province, saudi arabia. | thirty-three species of mosquitoes have been reported from the kingdom of saudi arabia. several of these mosquitoes, anopheles gambiae giles s.l., anopheles stephensi liston, culex pipiens linnaeus, culex quinquefasciatus say, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, stegomyia aegypti (linnaeus) and aedimorphus vexans arabiensis (patton) are known vectors of human and animal diseases. in this study, the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of eight mosquito species using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry wer ... | 2013 | 24259205 |
| mosquitoes and other aquatic insects in fallow field biotopes and rice paddy fields. | fallow field biotopes that develop from abandoned rice fields are man-made wetlands that provide new habitats for various aquatic animals. although consideration of such biotopes generally focuses on their positive aspects, this study evaluated the negative aspects of establishing fallow field biotopes with regard to mosquito breeding sites. to determine whether fallow field biotopes become breeding habitats for vector mosquitoes, we evaluated mosquito fauna in fallow field biotopes and adjacent ... | 2013 | 23167444 |
| entomopathogenic marine actinomycetes as potential and low-cost biocontrol agents against bloodsucking arthropods. | a novel approach to control strategies for integrated blood-feeding parasite management is in high demand, including the use of biological control agents. the present study aims to determine the efficacy of optimized crude extract of actinomycetes strain lk1 as biological control agent against the fourth-instar larvae of anopheles stephensi and culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) and adults of haemaphysalis bispinosa, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae), and hippobosca ... | 2013 | 24013340 |
| larvicidal activity of saponin isolated from gymnema sylvestre r. br. (asclepiadaceae) against japanese encephalitis vector, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles (diptera: culicidae). | to determine the larvicidal activity of various extracts of gymnema (g.) sylvestre against the japanese encephalitis vector, culex tritaeniorynchus in tamilnadu, india. to identify the active principle present in the promising fraction obtained in chlorofom:methanol extract of fraction 2. | 2013 | 23740457 |
| characterization of dak nong virus, an insect nidovirus isolated from culex mosquitoes in vietnam. | in this study, we isolated and characterized an insect nidovirus from the mosquito culex tritaeniorhynchus giles (diptera: culicidae) in vietnam, as an additional member of the new family mesoniviridae in the order nidovirales. the virus, designated "dak nong virus (dknv)," shared many characteristics with cavally virus and nam dinh virus, which have also been discovered recently in mosquitoes, and these viruses should be considered members of a single virus species, alphamesonivirus 1. dknv gre ... | 2013 | 23728735 |
| first indigenous transmission of japanese encephalitis in urban areas of national capital territory of delhi, india. | until 2010, no japanese encephalitis (je) had been reported from delhi. upon report of four confirmed cases of je in september 2011, detailed investigations were carried out to determine whether the cases were imported or indigenous. | 2013 | 23682856 |
| chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oil from ocimum basilicum (l.) against culex tritaeniorhynchus, aedes albopictus and anopheles subpictus (diptera: culicidae). | the toxicity of mosquito larvicidal activity of leaf essential oil and their major chemical constituents from ocimum basilicum were evaluated against culex tritaeniorhynchus, aedes albopictus and anopheles subpictus. the chemical composition of the leaf essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. gc-ms revealed that the essential oil of o. basilicum contained 20 compounds. the major chemical components identified were linalool (52.42%), methyl eugenol (18.74%) and 1, 8 ... | 2013 | 23391742 |
| ecological and genetic analyses of the complete genomes of culex flavivirus strains isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) group mosquitoes. | culex flavivirus (cxfv) is an insect-specific flavivirus that was first reported in 2007 in japan. cxfv strains were isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus giles and culex pipiens l. group mosquitoes and genetically characterized in toyama prefecture, japan, from 2004 to 2009, to reveal host specificity, mode of transmission, and seasonal and geographical distribution. the minimum infection rate (mir) of cxfv within cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations was 0.3 and much lower than that within cx. pip ... | 2013 | 23540117 |
| ecology and habitat characterization of mosquitoes in saudi arabia. | the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa) contains many of the world's mosquito vectors of parasitic and arboviral diseases. however, few studies addressed their geographic distribution and larval habitat characteristics. we carried out a 14-months mosquito survey in three ksa regions: makkah and al-baha (western) and jezan (south-western). larvae were collected by dipping from various water habitats and adults by cdc light and bg sentinel traps. climatic conditions and physicochemical characteristics o ... | 2013 | 24189671 |
| anopheles culicifacies breeding in polluted water bodies in trincomalee district of sri lanka. | anopheles culicifacies, the major vector of malaria in sri lanka, is known to breed in clean and clear water. the main objective of the study was to detect the breeding habitat diversity of an. culicifacies. | 2013 | 23958454 |
| small rnas tackle large viruses: rna interference-based antiviral defense against dna viruses in insects. | the antiviral rna interference (rnai) pathway processes viral double-stranded rna (dsrna) into viral small interfering rnas (vsirna) that guide the recognition and cleavage of complementary viral target rnas. in rna virus infections, viral replication intermediates, dsrna genomes or viral structured rnas have been implicated as dicer-2 substrates. in a recent publication, we demonstrated that a double-stranded dna virus, invertebrate iridescent virus 6, is a target of the drosophila rnai machine ... | 2013 | 23974177 |
| mosquito larvicidal activity of thymol from essential oil of coleus aromaticus benth. against culex tritaeniorhynchus, aedes albopictus, and anopheles subpictus (diptera: culicidae). | diseases transmitted by blood-feeding mosquitoes, such as dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, japanese encephalitis, malaria, and filariasis, are increasing in prevalence, particularly in tropical and subtropical zones. to control mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases, which have a worldwide health and economic impacts, synthetic insecticide-based interventions are still necessary, particularly in situations of epidemic outbreak and sudden increases of adult mosquitoes. however, the indiscr ... | 2013 | 23933878 |
| simple life-history traits explain key effective population size ratios across diverse taxa. | effective population size (ne) controls both the rate of random genetic drift and the effectiveness of selection and migration, but it is difficult to estimate in nature. in particular, for species with overlapping generations, it is easier to estimate the effective number of breeders in one reproductive cycle (nb) than ne per generation. we empirically evaluated the relationship between life history and ratios of ne, nb and adult census size (n) using a recently developed model (agene) and publ ... | 2013 | 23926150 |
| a fatal neuroinvasive west nile virus infection in a traveler returning from madagascar: clinical, epidemiological and veterinary investigations. | abstract. a 58-year-old woman living in reunion island and returning from madagascar was hospitalized for neuroinvasive encephalitis and died 1 month later. west nile virus (wnv) infection was biologically confirmed by detection of immunoglobulin m (igm) reactive with wnv antigens in both cerebrospinal fluid and serum, and weak neutralizing activity was also detected. a veterinary survey performed in her traveling area showed a seroprevalence of wnv of 28.7% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 21.1- ... | 2013 | 23751400 |
| west nile virus transmission in sentinel chickens and potential mosquito vectors, senegal river delta, 2008-2009. | west nile virus (wnv) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus usually transmitted to wild birds by culex mosquitoes. humans and horses are susceptible to wnv but are dead-end hosts. wnv is endemic in senegal, particularly in the senegal river delta. to assess transmission patterns and potential vectors, entomological and sentinel serological was done in ross bethio along the river senegal. three sentinel henhouses (also used as chicken-baited traps) were set at 100 m, 800 m, and 1,300 m from the river, ... | 2013 | 24084679 |
| genetic and environmental factors associated with laboratory rearing affect survival and assortative mating but not overall mating success in anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. | anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, the main vector of malaria in africa, is characterized by its vast geographical range and complex population structure. assortative mating amongst the reproductively isolated cryptic forms that co-occur in many areas poses unique challenges for programs aiming to decrease malaria incidence via the release of sterile or genetically-modified mosquitoes. importantly, whether laboratory-rearing affects the ability of an. gambiae individuals of a given cryptic taxa to ... | 2013 | 24391719 |
| analysis of the olive fruit fly bactrocera oleae transcriptome and phylogenetic classification of the major detoxification gene families. | the olive fruit fly bactrocera oleae has a unique ability to cope with olive flesh, and is the most destructive pest of olives worldwide. its control has been largely based on the use of chemical insecticides, however, the selection of insecticide resistance against several insecticides has evolved. the study of detoxification mechanisms, which allow the olive fruit fly to defend against insecticides, and/or phytotoxins possibly present in the mesocarp, has been hampered by the lack of genomic i ... | 2013 | 23824998 |
| temephos resistance in aedes aegypti in colombia compromises dengue vector control. | control and prevention of dengue relies heavily on the application of insecticides to control dengue vector mosquitoes. in colombia, application of the larvicide temephos to the aquatic breeding sites of aedes aegypti is a key part of the dengue control strategy. resistance to temephos was recently detected in the dengue-endemic city of cucuta, leading to questions about its efficacy as a control tool. here, we characterize the underlying mechanisms and estimate the operational impact of this re ... | 2013 | 24069492 |
| acetylcholinesterase of the sand fly, phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli): cdna sequence, baculovirus expression, and biochemical properties. | millions of people and domestic animals around the world are affected by leishmaniasis, a disease caused by various species of flagellated protozoans in the genus leishmania that are transmitted by several sand fly species. insecticides are widely used for sand fly population control to try to reduce or interrupt leishmania transmission. zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by l. major is vectored mainly by phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) in asia and africa. organophosphates comprise a class o ... | 2013 | 23379291 |
| the anopheles community and the role of anopheles minimus on malaria transmission on the china-myanmar border. | malaria around the china-myanmar border is a serious health problem in the countries of south-east asia. an. minimus is a principle malaria vector with a wide geographic distribution in this area. malaria is endemic along the boundary between yunnan province in china and the kachin state of myanmar where the local anopheles community (species composition) and the malaria transmission vectors have never been clarified. | 2013 | 24034528 |
| phase iii clinical trials comparing the immunogenicity and safety of the vero cell-derived japanese encephalitis vaccine encevac with those of mouse brain-derived vaccine by using the beijing-1 strain. | the immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated cell culture japanese encephalitis vaccine (cc-jev) were compared with those of an inactivated mouse brain-derived japanese encephalitis vaccine (mb-jev) in phase iii clinical multicenter trials conducted in children. the vaccines contain the same japanese encephalitis virus strain, the beijing-1 strain. two independent clinical trials (trials 1 and 2) were conducted. trial 1 was conducted in 468 healthy children. each subject was injected with 17 ... | 2013 | 24334689 |
| a video clip of the biting midge culicoides anophelis ingesting blood from an engorged anopheles mosquito in hainan, china. | biting midges are hematophagus ectoparasites of insects, humans and other animals. culicoides (trithicoides) anophelis edwards1922 is a predator of engorged mosquitoes. | 2013 | 24499575 |
| ecology of west nile virus in north america. | the introduction, dispersal and establishment of west nile virus in north america were reviewed, focusing on factors that may have enhanced receptivity and enabled the invasion process. the overwintering persistence of this tropical virus within temperate latitudes was unexpected, but was key in the transition from invasion to endemic establishment. the cascade of temporal events allowing sporadic amplification to outbreak levels was discussed within a future perspective. | 2013 | 24008376 |
| risk factors for mosquito house entry in the lao pdr. | construction of the nam theun 2 hydroelectric project and flooding of a 450 km(2) area of mountain plateau in south-central lao pdr resulted in the resettlement of 6,300 people to newly built homes. we examined whether new houses would have altered risk of house entry by mosquitoes compared with traditional homes built from poorer construction materials. | 2013 | 23700411 |
| increased pathogenicity of west nile virus (wnv) by glycosylation of envelope protein and seroprevalence of wnv in wild birds in far eastern russia. | in this review, we discuss the possibility that the glycosylation of west nile (wn) virus e-protein may be associated with enhanced pathogenicity and higher replication of wn virus. the results indicate that e-protein glycosylation allows the virus to multiply in a heat-stable manner and therefore, has a critical role in enhanced viremic levels and virulence of wn virus in young-chick infection model. the effect of the glycosylation of the e protein on the pathogenicity of wn virus in young chic ... | 2013 | 24351738 |
| preclinical and clinical development of a yfv 17 d-based chimeric vaccine against west nile virus. | substantial success has been achieved in the development and implementation of west nile (wn) vaccines for horses; however, no human wn vaccines are approved. this review focuses on the construction, pre-clinical and clinical characterization of chimerivax-wn02 for humans, a live chimeric vaccine composed of a yellow fever (yf) 17d virus in which the prm-e envelope protein genes are replaced with the corresponding genes of the wn ny99 virus. pre-clinical studies demonstrated that chimerivax-wn02 ... | 2013 | 24351795 |
| genetic diversity of japanese encephalitis virus isolates obtained from the indonesian archipelago between 1974 and 1987. | five genotypes (gi-v) of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) have been identified, all of which have distinct geographical distributions and epidemiologies. it is thought that jev originated in the indonesia-malaysia region from an ancestral virus. from that ancestral virus gv diverged, followed by giv, giii, gii, and gi. genotype iv appears to be confined to the indonesia-malaysia region, as giv has been isolated in indonesia from mosquitoes only, while gv has been isolated on three occasions onl ... | 2013 | 23590316 |
| japanese encephalitis: the virus and vaccines. | japanese encephalitis (je) is an infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by japanese encephalitis virus (jev), a zoonotic mosquito-borne flavivirus. jev is prevalent in much of asia and the western pacific, with over 4 billion people living at risk of infection. in the absence of antiviral intervention, vaccination is the only strategy to develop long-term sustainable protection against jev infection. over the past half-century, a mouse brain-derived inactivated vaccine has been ... | 2013 | 24161909 |
| novel virus discovery and genome reconstruction from field rna samples reveals highly divergent viruses in dipteran hosts. | we investigated whether small rna (srna) sequenced from field-collected mosquitoes and chironomids (diptera) can be used as a proxy signature of viral prevalence within a range of species and viral groups, using srnas sequenced from wild-caught specimens, to inform total rna deep sequencing of samples of particular interest. using this strategy, we sequenced from adult anopheles maculipennis s.l. mosquitoes the apparently nearly complete genome of one previously undescribed virus related to chro ... | 2013 | 24260463 |
| southernmost asia is the source of japanese encephalitis virus (genotype 1) diversity from which the viruses disperse and evolve throughout asia. | although a previous study predicted that japanese encephalitis virus (jev) originated in the malaysia/indonesia region, the virus is known to circulate mainly on the asian continent. however, there are no reported systematic studies that adequately define how jev then dispersed throughout asia. | 2013 | 24069502 |
| phylogeography of japanese encephalitis virus: genotype is associated with climate. | the circulation of vector-borne zoonotic viruses is largely determined by the overlap in the geographical distributions of virus-competent vectors and reservoir hosts. what is less clear are the factors influencing the distribution of virus-specific lineages. japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is the most important etiologic agent of epidemic encephalitis worldwide, and is primarily maintained between vertebrate reservoir hosts (avian and swine) and culicine mosquitoes. there are five genotypes o ... | 2013 | 24009790 |
| molecular detection and genotyping of japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes during a 2010 outbreak in the republic of korea. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev), a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen, is one of the major causes of viral encephalitis. to reduce the impact of japanese encephalitis among children in the republic of korea (rok), the government established a mandatory vaccination program in 1967. through the efforts of this program only 0-7 (mean 2.1) cases of japanese encephalitis were reported annually in the rok during the period of 1984-2009. however, in 2010 there was an outbreak of 26 confirmed cases of j ... | 2013 | 23390520 |
| recurrence of japanese encephalitis epidemic in wuhan, china, 2009-2010. | japanese encephalitis (je) was once epidemic in most areas of china, including wuhan, a city located in the central part of china. the incidence of je dramatically decreased due to nationwide immunization with the live attenuated je virus (jev) vaccine, and no je cases were reported during 2005-2008 in wuhan. in 2009 and 2010, 31 je cases reoccurred in this area. in this study, we investigated the causes of je recurrence. | 2013 | 23326348 |
| zoonosis emergence linked to agricultural intensification and environmental change. | a systematic review was conducted by a multidisciplinary team to analyze qualitatively best available scientific evidence on the effect of agricultural intensification and environmental changes on the risk of zoonoses for which there are epidemiological interactions between wildlife and livestock. the study found several examples in which agricultural intensification and/or environmental change were associated with an increased risk of zoonotic disease emergence, driven by the impact of an expan ... | 2013 | 23671097 |
| the effect of precipitation on the transmission of japanese encephalitis (je) virus in nature: a complex effect on antibody-positive rate to je virus in sentinel pigs. | japanese encephalitis (je) is one of the most important mosquito-borne viral diseases in asia. pigs are a natural host and the amplifier of je virus. the sero-conversion rate to je virus in sentinel pigs reflects the activity of je virus in the region. we analyzed whether precipitation has any effect on the sero-conversion rate to je virus in sentinel pigs. linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlations between the levels of precipitation and sero-conversion rates to je v ... | 2013 | 23644830 |
| circulation of japanese encephalitis virus in pigs and mosquito vectors within can tho city, vietnam. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is a mosquito-borne, zoonotic flavivirus causing encephalitis in humans and reproductive disorder in pigs. jev is present in large parts of asia, where urbanization is high. households within and outside can tho city, south vietnam, were selected to monitor circulation of jev. a nested rt-pcr was established to detect the presence of jev in mosquitoes whereas sera from pigs belonging to households within the province were analyzed for the presence of antibodies ... | 2013 | 23593520 |