Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| effect of two rice culture methods on the seasonal occurrence of mosquito larvae and other aquatic animals in rice fields of southwestern korea. | an ecological study has been performed on the community structures of aquatic animals and on abiotic factors in organically and conventionally-farmed rice fields at bulkyo, bosong-gun, chollanamdo during the rice growing periods between may 1995 and october 1996. the total numbers of aquatic insect taxa in these fields were 25 species, 22 families in 10 orders. in 1995 and 1996, three and then four more species of aquatic insects were collected in the organically-farmed rice fields than in conve ... | 1998 | 9879072 |
| identification of a flavivirus isolated from mosquitos in chiang mai thailand. | a virus isolate, thcar105/92, from a pool of mosquitos, culex tritaeniorhynchus, collected in chiang mai, thailand in 1992, appeared to be a member of the genus flavivirus of the family flaviviridae, based on the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using flavivirus cross-reacting primer pairs, electron microscopic examination, and serological tests. however, rt-pcr using japanese encephalitis (je) virus-specific primers showed that the isolate was different from je virus. su ... | 1999 | 10695806 |
| dynamics of japanese encephalitis--a study in mathematical epidemiology. | an s-->i-->r-->s (susceptible-infective-recovered-susceptible) epidemiological model coupling the dynamics of the spread of japanese encephalitis (je) in two populations, human and reservoir animals (pigs, cattle, equines, birds, etc.) through a vector population (a particular species of mosquitos, culex vishnui, culex tritaeniorhynchus, etc.) is discussed. we assume that there is a constant recruitment rate of the susceptibles into both the populations, whereas the death rates are proportional ... | 1999 | 10335598 |
| mosquito and aquatic predator communities in ground pools on lands deforested for rice field development in central sulawesi, indonesia. | aquatic habitats, mosquitoes, and larvivorous predators were studied on deforested lands in central sulawesi, indonesia. open ground pools, mainly in depressions made by the treads of bulldozers and other heavy equipment, were numerous but because of their small size, comprised ca. 1% or less of the total area of the deforested lands studied. the dominant mosquitoes in these pools were anopheles vagus, culex vishnui, culex tritaeniorhynchus, and culex gelidus. the 1st 2 species were dominant in ... | 1999 | 10412104 |
| isolation of japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes collected in northern taiwan between 1995 and 1996. | mosquito collections were carried out from may to october in 1995 and 1996 at yingko and sanhsia of taipei county and chunan of miaoli county. a grand total of 13,576 mosquitoes consisting of 13 species in 407 pools were processed and inoculated into aedes albopictus clone c6/36 cell cultures. one hundred thirty seven pools of these showed the presence of viral antigens in the infected c6/36 cell lysates which were identified by the indirect fluorescent antibody test using a monoclonal antibody ... | 1999 | 11561572 |
| population dynamics of mosquito immatures and the succession in abundance of aquatic insects in rice fields in madurai, south india. | studies on the breeding pattern of mosquito immatures and the successional changes in the abundance of aquatic insects were conducted in rice fields near madurai, south india. the population of late (iii/iv) larval instars of culicines peaked on day 28 and pupae (culex tritaeniorhynchus, cx. pseudovishnui and cx. vishnui) peaked on day 9 after transplantation, whereas the population of late (iii/iv) larval instars of anophelines peaked on day 19 and pupae of anopheles subpictus and an. vagus on ... | 1999 | 11304916 |
| a polymerase chain reaction based method for the detection of culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | culex quinquefasciatus say is the major vector of the filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) which causes lymphatic filariasis in humans. a repetitive dna sequence from the genome of c. quinquefasciatus has been cloned and completely sequenced. the 693 bp cloned fragment had an a+t content of 72%. dot matrix analysis of the fragment did not reveal any direct or inverted repeats within it. southern blot analysis using a variety of restriction enzymes appeared to indicate that the cloned ... | 2000 | 10948365 |
| insecticide resistance spectra and resistance mechanisms in populations of japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes, culex tritaeniorhynchus and cx. gelidus, in sri lanka. | culex tritaeniorhynchus giles and cx. gelidus theobald (diptera: culicidae), both vectors of japanese encephalitis, were collected in 1984 and 1998 from two disease endemic localities in sri lanka: anaradhapura and kandy. using wild-caught adult mosquitoes from light traps, log dosage-probit mortality curves for insecticide bioassays were obtained for three insecticides: malathion (organophosphate), propoxur (carbamate) and permethrin (pyrethroid). ld50 values showed that, in 1998, cx. tritaenio ... | 2000 | 11129708 |
| identification of culex vishnui subgroup (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes from the ryukyu archipelago, japan: development of a species-diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assay based on sequence variation in ribosomal dna spacers. | the culex vishnui subgroup includes three important vectors of japanese encephalitis virus, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, cx. pseudovishnui colless, and cx. vishnui theobald, all of which occur in the ryukyu archipelago, japan. although these three species have been shown to be vectors of je virus in many areas of southeast asia, it is not yet known what role each plays in the transmission of the virus in this region. reliable identification of adult, field-collected specimens is a critical com ... | 2000 | 10916296 |
| antigen distribution pattern of japanese encephalitis virus in culex tritaeniorhynchus, c. vishnui & c. pseudovishnui. | distribution of japanese encephalitis (je) virus antigen in different tissues of mosquitoes was studied in three species viz., culex tritaeniorhynchus, c. vishnui and c. pseudovishnui. overall per cent positivity was higher in the intrathoracically infected as compared to the orally infected mosquitoes, suggesting the existence of a midgut barrier. the cells at the junction of the foregut-midgut, and midgut-hindgut showed intense fluorescence from the second day post feeding onwards. this sugges ... | 2000 | 10943067 |
| vector competence of culex pipiens molestus (diptera: culicidae) from taiwan for a sympatric strain of japanese encephalitis virus. | laboratory strains of culex pipiens molestus forskal and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles from northern taiwan were compared for their susceptibility to the sanhsia mq1-2 (sh) strain of japanese encephalitis (je) virus isolated from taiwan. after feeding on a sweetened blood-virus mixture, viral titers in cx. p. molestus during the 14-d incubation period ranged from a minimum of 2.9 log10pfu (plaque forming units) per mosquito on day 3 after ingestion to a maximum of 4.65 log10pfu at day 8 and in c ... | 2000 | 11004796 |
| comparison of intertypic antigenicity of aino virus isolates by dot immunobinding assay using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. | neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the aino virus were prepared, and the neutralizing epitopes of the virus were defined by competitive binding assay. seven continuous and overlapping neutralizing epitopes existed on the g1 glycoprotein of the aino virus. two antigenic domains were identified and were designated i and ii, with domain ii consisting of six epitopes. dot immunobinding assays (dias) were performed with mabs that recognized these seven neutralizing epitopes. dias were ... | 2000 | 11060092 |
| species composition and seasonal dynamics of mosquitoes in the belek region of turkey. | the species composition and seasonal population dynamics of mosquitoes trapped in the belek region of turkey are described. eight traps (four new jersey light traps and four co2 baited traps) were activated weekly at four different sampling sites (wooded area, open field, village, and road edge). between may and december, 1997, 4,542 specimens representing seven species (culex pipiens, culex tritaeniorhynchus, aedes caspius, aedes cretinus, aedes dorsalis, aedes vexans, and culiseta annulata) we ... | 2000 | 11217213 |
| growth characteristics of the chimeric japanese encephalitis virus vaccine candidate, chimerivax-je (yf/je sa14--14--2), in culex tritaeniorhynchus, aedes albopictus, and aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | the japanese encephalitis (je) virus vaccine candidate, chimerivax-je, which consists of a yellow fever (yf) 17d virus backbone containing the prm and e genes from the je vaccine strain je sa14--14--2, exhibits restricted replication in non-human primates, producing only a low-level viremia following peripheral inoculation. although this reduces the likelihood that hematophagous insects could become infected by feeding on a vaccinated host, it is prudent to investigate the replication kinetics o ... | 2000 | 11220763 |
| insecticide susceptibility status of culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, vector of japanese encephalitis in delhi. | laboratory studies were carried out to ascertain the current susceptibility status of adult and larval stages of the culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito, vector of japanese encephalitis, to various insecticides used under public health programs in india. the present study revealed that exposure of adult mosquitoes to diagnostic concentrations of ddt - 4.0%, malathion - 5.0%, fenitrothion - 1.0%, and propoxur - 0.1% could induce only 50.0, 10. 0, 15.0, and 5.0% mortality, respectively, indicating th ... | 2000 | 10777851 |
| attenuation markers of a candidate dengue type 2 vaccine virus, strain 16681 (pdk-53), are defined by mutations in the 5' noncoding region and nonstructural proteins 1 and 3. | the genome of a candidate dengue type 2 (den-2) vaccine virus, strain pdk-53, differs from its den-2 16681 parent by nine nucleotides. using infectious cdna clones, we constructed 18 recombinant 16681/pdk-53 viruses to analyze four 16681-to-pdk-53 mutations, including 5' noncoding region (5'nc)-57 c-to-t, premembrane (prm)-29 asp-to-val (the only mutation that occurs in the structural proteins), nonstructural protein 1 (ns1)-53 gly-to-asp, and ns3-250 glu-to-val. the viruses were studied for pla ... | 2000 | 10708415 |
| chimeric dengue type 2 (vaccine strain pdk-53)/dengue type 1 virus as a potential candidate dengue type 1 virus vaccine. | we constructed chimeric dengue type 2/type 1 (den-2/den-1) viruses containing the nonstructural genes of den-2 16681 virus or its vaccine derivative, strain pdk-53, and the structural genes (encoding capsid protein, premembrane protein, and envelope glycoprotein) of den-1 16007 virus or its vaccine derivative, strain pdk-13. we previously reported that attenuation markers of den-2 pdk-53 virus were encoded by genetic loci located outside the structural gene region of the pdk-53 virus genome. chi ... | 2000 | 10708416 |
| west nile virus recombinant dna vaccine protects mouse and horse from virus challenge and expresses in vitro a noninfectious recombinant antigen that can be used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | introduction of west nile (wn) virus into the united states in 1999 created major human and animal health concerns. currently, no human or veterinary vaccine is available to prevent wn viral infection, and mosquito control is the only practical strategy to combat the spread of disease. starting with a previously designed eukaryotic expression vector, we constructed a recombinant plasmid (pcbwn) that expressed the wn virus prm and e proteins. a single intramuscular injection of pcbwn dna induced ... | 2001 | 11287553 |
| comparative linkage map development and identification of an autosomal locus for insensitive acetylcholinesterase-mediated insecticide resistance in culex tritaeniorhynchus. | a comparative linkage map for culex tritaeniorhynchus was constructed based on restriction fragment length polymorphism markers using cdnas from aedes aegypti. linear orders of marker loci in cx. tritaeniorhynchus were identical to culex pipiens wherein chromosomes 2 and 3 reflect whole-arm rearrangements compared to a. aegypti. however, the sex determination locus in cx. tritaeniorhynchus maps to chromosome 3, in contrast to cx. pipiens and ae. aegypti where it is located on chromosome 1. our r ... | 2001 | 11437911 |
| retrospective analysis of epidemiological investigation of japanese encephalitis outbreak occurred in rourkela, orissa, india. | there was an outbreak of japanese encephalitis (je) during july/august of 1993 in rourkela city of orissa, india. among the serum samples, 40% of the sera showed antibodies against je, while 17% of the sera showed recent infection to dengue virus. as many as 15 species of mosquitos were encountered in and around the affected areas. species like culex tritaeniorhynchus, cx, vishnui, cx. pseudovishnui and cx. bitaeniorhynchus constituted 19% of the total collections. the above species were resista ... | 2001 | 11485074 |
| the efficacy of different mosquito trapping methods in a forest-fringe village, yunnan province, southern china. | despite a control program, malaria incidence in yunnan has increased and knowledge of vector bionomics is needed for efficient control. multi-drug resistant plasmodium falciparum necessitates alternatives to human landing catches as a means of studying vectors. therefore cdc light traps with uv or ordinary incandescent bulbs were tested for 57 trap nights. 2,703 mosquitos were caught, including the vector species an. minimus and an. sinensis and the suspected vector an. maculatus. larval an. dir ... | 2001 | 11556577 |
| characterization of human ige and mouse igg1 responses to allergens in three mosquito species by immunoblotting and elisa. | ige-mediated allergic reactions caused by mosquito bites are a common problem all over the world. this study was undertaken to determine ige levels in subjects, to elucidate human ige and mouse igg1 binding patterns and to investigate the cross-reactivity of salivary gland antigens with three mosquitoes. | 2001 | 11752877 |
| factors influencing the abundance of japanese encephalitis vectors in ricefields in india--i. abiotic. | mosquitoes of the culex vishnui subgroup (diptera: culicidae) are the most important vectors of japanese encephalitis (je) and ricefields are their most productive breeding sites in south india, where predominant species of this subgroup are culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, cx. pseudovishnui colless and cx. vishnui theobald sensu stricto. the relationship of 13 abiotic variables with the abundance of cx. vishnui subgroup immatures was investigated in transplanted rice fields for 3 years (1991-94) ... | 2001 | 11776457 |
| antigen distribution pattern of west nile virus in culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex vishnui and culex pseudovishnui mosquitoes. | distribution of west nile (wn) virus antigen in different tissues of mosquitoes was studied in three species viz., culex tritaeniorhynchus, c. vishnui and c. pseudovishnui. overall per cent positivity was higher in the intra thoracically inoculated as compared to the orally infected mosquitoes, suggesting the existence of a midgut barrier. in a small number of mosquitoes salivary glands were found negative even though fluorescence was seen in the respective head squashes, suggesting salivary gla ... | 2001 | 12206036 |
| developmental- and tissue-specific expression of an inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 homologue from aedes triseriatus mosquitoes. | we have identified a homologue of the drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 in aedes triseriatus mosquitoes (designated atiap1). the atiap1 gene maps to a single locus on chromosome 2. the translation product is a 403 amino acid protein that contains two baculovirus iap repeat (bir) domains and a ring finger motif. atiap1 mrna was detectable by rt-pcr amplification in all the mosquito developmental stages (embryos, first-fourth instar larvae, early and late pupae, adults) and adult tissues ... | 2002 | 12230542 |
| the 2000 epidemic of rift valley fever in saudi arabia: mosquito vector studies. | in mid-september 2000, rift valley fever (rvf) virus was diagnosed as the cause of infection in humans and livestock in jizan region, saudi arabia. this is the first time that this arbovirus has been found outside africa and madagascar. collections of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were therefore undertaken (from 25 september to 10 october) at eight sites during the epidemic to obtain mosquitoes for attempted rvf virus isolation. among 23 699 mosquito females tested, six isolations of rvf virus ... | 2002 | 12243225 |
| late season commercial mosquito trap and host seeking activity evaluation against mosquitoes in a malarious area of the republic of korea. | field trials evaluating selected commercially available mosquito traps variously baited with light, carbon dioxide, and/or octenol were conducted from 18-27 september 2000 in a malarious area near paekyeon-ri (tongil-chon) and camp greaves in paju county, kyonggi province, republic of korea. the host-seeking activity for common mosquito species, including the primary vector of japanese encephalitis, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, was determined using hourly aspirator collections from a human and ... | 2002 | 11949213 |
| a new cell line from the embryonic tissues of culex tritaeniorhynchus and its susceptibility to certain flaviviruses. | a new cell line from the embryonic tissue of culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito was established. morphological studies carried out at the 45th passage level (p-45) showed four different cell types viz. epithelial-like cells, fibroblast-like cells, giant cells and vacuolated cells. karyological studies indicated diploid (2n = 6) chromosomes in majority of cells irrespective of passage level. a twelve-fold increase of cell number was observed in 10 days at p-49. the cells could be preserved in liqui ... | 2002 | 12693860 |
| factors influencing the abundance of japanese encephalitis vectors in ricefields in india--ii. biotic. | the relationship of insect predators and phytoplankton with the abundance of culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, cx. vishnui theobald and cx. pseudovishnui colless mosquito larvae and pupae (diptera: culicidae) in ricefields was investigated during three rice growing seasons. notonectids were the most abundant insect predators, whereas diatoms dominated among phytoplankton. multiple regression analysis showed that the occurrence of notonectids (both nymphs and adults) was negatively associated with l ... | 2002 | 11963972 |
| cloning and characterization of the crystal protein-encoding gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. yunnanensis. | molecular cloning and characterization of a novel cry gene, cry32aa, of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. yunnanensis was carried out. the cry32aa protein was predicted to have a molecular mass of 139.2 kda and was found to have an unusual 42-amino-acid-long tail at the c terminus. the cry32aa gene was localized on the 103-mda plasmid of the organism. bioassays showed no toxicity against several moths and mosquitoes. however, it exhibited weak toxicity against larvae of the diamondback moth, plutell ... | 2002 | 11772653 |
| growth characteristics of the veterinary vaccine candidate chimerivax-west nile (wn) virus in aedes and culex mosquitoes. | in 1999 west nile (wn) virus was introduced to north america where this flavivirus has spread rapidly among wildlife (especially birds) transmitted by various species of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). increasing numbers of cases and deaths among humans, horses and other domestic animals require development of effective vaccines. 'chimerivax-west nile(vet)' is being developed for use as a veterinary vaccine to protect against wn infection. this chimeric virus contains the pre-membrane (prm) and ... | 2003 | 12941006 |
| life history effects of prey choice by copepods: implications for biocontrol of vector mosquitoes. | macrocyclops distinctus, megacyclops viridis, and mesocyclops pehpeiensis, which are common in rice fields during the summer season in nagasaki, japan, showed variable potentialities as biological control agents of larval aedes albopictus, culex tritaeniorhynchus, and anopheles minimus in the laboratory. macrocyclops distinctus and m. viridis, the largest copepod species, had fewer eggs within an egg clutch in nature than the smallest species, m. pehpeiensis, which also had a lower developmental ... | 2003 | 12674538 |
| detection of anti-west nile virus immunoglobulin m in chicken serum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the emergence of west nile (wn) virus in new york and the surrounding area in 1999 prompted an increase in surveillance measures throughout the united states, including the screening of sentinel chicken flocks for antibodies. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of chicken immunoglobulin m (igm) to wn virus was developed, standardized, and characterized as a rapid and sensitive means to detect wn viral antibodies in sentinel flocks. serum specimens from experimentally i ... | 2003 | 12734241 |
| molecular characterization of the full-length genome of the japanese encephalitis viral strain k87p39. | we have determined the complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the japanese encephalitis virus (jev) strain k87p39, isolated from a pool of circulating culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes in korea. in comparison with 27 fully sequenced jev genomes currently available, we found that the 10968-nucleotide rna genome of k87p39 has a nine-nucleotide deletion in the 3' nontranslated variable region and that its single open reading frame has a total of eight amino acid substitutions. the ... | 2003 | 12951273 |
| the role of urea in the oviposition behaviour of japanese encephalitis vectors in rice fields of south india. | the effect of urea on the oviposition behaviour of culicine vectors of japanese encephalitis was studied in rice fields. gravid females had a strong preference for oviposition in urea treated areas in rice fields, while no such preference was exhibited in untreated areas. the egg laying declined in the area where urea treated water surface had a mechanical barrier, which allowed volatile fractions to escape, but prevented contact with the water. urea was shown to act as an oviposition attractant ... | 2003 | 14595457 |
| [appraisal on method of temperature to the first appearance of culex tritaeniorhynchus in spring]. | to find out an appraisal method of temperature on the first appearance date of culex tritaeniorhynchus in spring. | 2003 | 14687508 |
| west nile virus: the indian scenario. | west nile virus (wnv) is an important arthropod borne flavivirus; usually causes a mild infection called west nile fever (wnf) in human and horses. mosquitoes are the principal vectors of wnv. various culex species are found to act as vectors in different geographical regions. the virus is maintained in a bird-mosquito cycle in nature. in india, culex mosquitoes are tentatively incriminated as vectors of wnv. experimental studies have shown that culex tritaeniorhynchus, cx. vishnui, cx. bitaenio ... | 2003 | 14700342 |
| alexander the great and west nile virus encephalitis. | alexander the great died in babylon in 323 bc. his death at age 32 followed a 2-week febrile illness. speculated causes of death have included poisoning; assassination, and a number of infectious diseases. one incident, mentioned by plutarch but not considered by previous investigators, may shed light on the cause of alexander's death. the incident, which occurred as he entered babylon, involved a flock of ravens exhibiting unusual behavior and subsequently dying at his feet. the inexplicable be ... | 2003 | 14725285 |
| origin and evolution of japanese encephalitis virus in southeast asia. | since it emerged in japan in the 1870s, japanese encephalitis has spread across asia and has become the most important cause of epidemic encephalitis worldwide. four genotypes of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) are presently recognized (representatives of genotypes i to iii have been fully sequenced), but its origin is not known. we have determined the complete nucleotide and amino acid sequence of a genotype iv indonesian isolate (jkt6468) which represents the oldest lineage, compared it with ... | 2003 | 12584335 |
| epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of serum antibodies to west nile virus in multiple avian species. | we report the development of epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for the rapid detection of serum antibodies to west nile virus (wnv) in taxonomically diverse north american avian species. a panel of flavivirus-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was tested in blocking assays with serum samples from wnv-infected chickens and crows. selected mabs were further tested against serum samples from birds that represented 16 species and 10 families. serum samples were collecte ... | 2003 | 12624027 |
| experimental infection of north american birds with the new york 1999 strain of west nile virus. | to evaluate transmission dynamics, we exposed 25 bird species to west nile virus (wnv) by infectious mosquito bite. we monitored viremia titers, clinical outcome, wnv shedding (cloacal and oral), seroconversion, virus persistence in organs, and susceptibility to oral and contact transmission. passeriform and charadriiform birds were more reservoir competent (a derivation of viremia data) than other species tested. the five most competent species were passerines: blue jay (cyanocitta cristata), c ... | 2003 | 12643825 |
| longitudinal studies in south indian villages on japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes and seroconversion in goats. | japanese encephalitis (je) is endemic in cuddalore district, tamil nadu, where culex tritaeniorhynchus giles was the major vector. we screened 45 100 adult female cx. tritaeniorhynchus (902 pools) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and isolated and confirmed je virus (jev) by using an insect bioassay system. we had 69 isolates of which 62 (90%) were identified as jev. the average vector abundance per man hour for cx. tritaeniorhynchus was 324.5 per month for the period june 1998-may 2000. the ... | 2003 | 12581445 |
| variation in morphological characters of culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae), a japanese encephalitis vector at mysore, india. | studies on culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, were undertaken to find deviation if any, on the mean of siphonal index, comb scales, pecten teeth, denticles on apical pecten tooth, anal gills index and length of basal hair tufts on siphon in the fourth instar larvae from ground pools of mysore city and paddy fields outside mysore. a total of 344 larvae including 172 samples from mysore and 172 samples from a 26 km radius outside mysore were collected. analysis of variance demonstrated significant dif ... | 2003 | 15796413 |
| isolation of japanese encephalitis and getah viruses from mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) collected near camp greaves, gyonggi province, republic of korea, 2000. | as part of an evaluation of the ecology of arthropod-borne diseases in the republic of korea (rok), we examined 8,765 mosquitoes captured in paju county, gyonggi province, rok, for the presence of viruses. mosquitoes were captured in propane lantern/human-baited shannon traps, mosquito magnet traps, or american biophysics corporation (east greenwich, ri) miniature light traps with or without supplemental octenol bait and/or dry ice. mosquitoes were identified to species, placed in pools of up to ... | 2003 | 14680130 |
| a long-term study on vector abundance & seasonal prevalence in relation to the occurrence of japanese encephalitis in gorakhpur district, uttar pradesh. | japanese encephalitis (je) virus is an important cause of viral encephalitis in gorakhpur district, up. the area has been experiencing outbreaks of je since 1978. no in-depth longitudinal studies have been carried out on the mosquito species, particularly je vectors prevailing in the area. entomological studies were carried out in the district in order to determine the species composition, relative abundance and seasonal prevalence of mosquitoes in relation to the incidence of je. | 2003 | 14575175 |
| development of a new sindbis virus transducing system and its characterization in three culicine mosquitoes and two lepidopteran species. | alphavirus transducing systems (atss) are alphavirus-based tools for expressing genes in insects. here we describe an ats (5'dsmre16ic) based entirely on sindbis mre16 virus. gfp expression was used to characterize alimentary tract infections and dissemination in three culicine and two lepidopteran species. following per os infection, 5'dsmre16ic-egfp efficiently infected aedes aegypti and culex tritaeniorhynchus, but not culex pipiens pipiens. ae. aegypti clearly showed accumulation of green fl ... | 2004 | 14728670 |
| first report on high-degree endophilism in culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) in an area endemic for japanese encephalitis. | an unusually high occurrence of culex tritaeniorhynchus giles resting indoors during daytime was observed in a japanese encephalitis (je) endemic area, bellary district, karnataka, india. cx. tritaeniorhynchus, the primary vector of je in this area, was the dominant species collected, and its abundance showed two peaks corresponding to rice crops in the district. more specimens (n = 20,966) were found resting in indoor habitats than in outdoor vegetation (n = 383), despite the availability of ou ... | 2004 | 15535634 |
| japanese encephalitis in kerala, south india: can mansonia (diptera: culicidae) play a supplemental role in transmission? | a 2-yr entomological study was carried out in kerala, south india, to identify the mosquito vectors of japanese encephalitis (je) virus and to determine their seasonal abundance and infection. in total, 150,454 mosquitoes belonging to five genera and 18 species were collected from vegetation surrounding cattle sheds and pigsties in villages at dusk. culex tritaeniorhynchus giles (66.7%) was the most abundant species, with increases in numbers associated with rice cultivation. je virus isolations ... | 2004 | 15185950 |
| mosquito repellency of the seeds of celery (apium graveolens l.). | when the mosquito repellencies of four fractions of apium graveolens seeds (one hexane, two dichloromethane and one methanolic) were investigated in the laboratory, all four were found to offer human volunteers some protection against female, adult aedes aegypti. the hexane fraction, however, was found to exhibit the highest repellency in the laboratory, with median effective doses (ed50) and ed95 of 0.41 and 2.93 mg/cm2 skin, respectively. only this fraction, which was also found to provide pro ... | 2004 | 15228722 |
| entomopathogenic fungi for mosquito control: a review. | fungal diseases in insects are common and widespread and can decimate their populations in spectacular epizootics. virtually all insect orders are susceptible to fungal diseases, including dipterans. fungal pathogens such as lagenidium, coelomomyces and culicinomyces are known to affect mosquito populations, and have been studied extensively. there are, however, many other fungi that infect and kill mosquitoes at the larval and/or adult stage. the discovery, in 1977, of the selective mosquito-pa ... | 2004 | 15861235 |
| accumulation of a 3'-terminal genome fragment in japanese encephalitis virus-infected mammalian and mosquito cells. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) contains a single positive-strand rna genome nearly 11 kb in length and is not formally thought to generate subgenomic rna molecules during replication. here, we report the abundant accumulation of a 3'-terminal 521- to 523-nucleotide (nt) genome fragment, representing a major portion of the 585-nt 3' untranslated region, in both mammalian (bhk-21) and mosquito (c6/36) cells infected with any of nine strains of jev. in bhk-21 cells, the viral genome was detected ... | 2004 | 15113895 |
| pesky trachoma suspect finally caught. | face seeking flies have long been thought to transmit chlamydia trachomatis, the causative agent of trachoma, but this has never been proven. the four criteria proposed by barnett, previously used to incriminate other arthropods suspected of transmitting disease, were examined. one of these criteria remains unmet: the repeated demonstration of the presence of c trachomatis on flies. the authors used polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to look for the presence of c trachomatis dna on flies in the gur ... | 2004 | 15148205 |
| outdoor resting preference of culex tritaeniorhynchus, the vector of japanese encephalitis in warangal and karim nagar districts, andhra pradesh. | entomological investigations were carried out in warangal and karim nagar districts of andhra pradesh during viral encephalitis outbreak in july 2003. | 2004 | 15332484 |
| a weather-driven model of malaria transmission. | climate is a major driving force behind malaria transmission and climate data are often used to account for the spatial, seasonal and interannual variation in malaria transmission. | 2004 | 15350206 |
| characterization of two mosquito stats, aastat and ctstat. differential regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation and dna binding activity by lipopolysaccharide treatment and by japanese encephalitis virus infection. | two mosquito stats, aastat and ctstat, have been cloned from aedes albopictus and culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes, respectively. these two stats are more similar to those of drosophila, anopheles, and mammalian stat5 in the dna binding and src homology 2 domains. the mrna transcripts are expressed at all developmental stages, and the proteins are present predominantly at the pupal and adult stages in both mosquitoes. stimulation with lipopolysaccharide resulted in an increase of tyrosine phos ... | 2004 | 14607839 |
| photoelectric sensing device for recording mosquito host-seeking behavior in the laboratory. | a new automatic device for recording the host-seeking behavior of mosquitoes was designed using photoelectric sensors. the host-seeking rhythms of several species of mosquitoes were recorded under laboratory conditions. use of co2, in addition to heating and black color to activate mosquito flight, proved to be important for evaluation of the present recording device. the diel rhythms of nonblood-fed aedes albopictus (skuse), aedes aegypti (l.), culex quinquefasciatus say, culex tritaeniorhynchu ... | 2004 | 15535615 |
| mutations of acetylcholinesterase which confer insecticide resistance in drosophila melanogaster populations. | organophosphate and carbamate insecticides irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase causing death of insects. resistance-modified acetylcholinesterases(aches) have been described in many insect species and sequencing of their genes allowed several point mutations to be described. however, their relative frequency and their cartography had not yet been addressed. | 2004 | 15018651 |
| an amino acid substitution attributable to insecticide-insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase in a japanese encephalitis vector mosquito, culex tritaeniorhynchus. | a cdna sequence encoding a drosophila ace-paralogous acetylcholinesterase (ache) precursor of 701 amino acid residues was identified as the second ache gene (ace2) transcript from culex tritaeniorhynchus. the ace2 gene is tightly linked to organophosphorus insecticide (op)-insensitivity of ache on chromosome 2. the cdna sequences were compared between an insecticide-susceptible strain and the resistant strain, tym, that exhibits a 870-fold decrease in fenitroxon-sensitivity of ache. two amino ac ... | 2004 | 14697262 |
| translocations in the mosquito, culex tritaeniorhynchus. | fifty-eight translocations were produced and studied using improved genetic and cytogenetic techniques now available for culex tritaeniorhynchus. data confirm previous chromosome-linkage correlation studies and indicated that the e locus is on the long arm (2r) of chromosome 2. | 2004 | 330619 |
| mosquito larvicidal properties of essential oil of an indigenous plant, ipomoea cairica linn. | laboratory bioassay of the essential oil extracted from an indigenous plant, ipomoea cairica, commonly known as 'railway creeper', was carried out against the larvae of four vector species of mosquitoes in order to evaluate its mosquito larvicidal effect. bioassay test revealed that the essential oil of the plant possess remarkable larvicidal properties as it could induce 100% mortality in the larvae of culex tritaeniorhynchus (100 ppm), aedes aegypti (120 ppm), anopheles stephensi (120 ppm), an ... | 2004 | 15329451 |
| oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities of solanum trilobatum leaf extract against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi. | the leaf extract of solanum trilobatum (solanaceae) was tested under laboratory conditions for oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities against the adult mosquito anopheles stephensi. concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1% reduced egg laying by gravid females from 18 to 99% compared to ethanol-treated controls. in skin repellent tests, concentrations of 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, and 0.02 % provided 70 to 120 minutes protection against mosquito bites, whereas the ethanol ... | 2005 | 16341247 |
| [clinical and epidemiological aspects of japanese encephalitis]. | japanese encephalitis has been well controlled in japan. on the other hand, the japanese encephalitis virus (jev) transmission cycle still exists, as does the risk of exposure to jev infection. although culex tritaeniorhynchus has been considered the major mosquito vector in japan, recent surveys suggested culex pipiens complex and aedes albopictus as potential alternatives. similarly, swine have reduced the role in amplification of jev in paradomestic environments. another surveys suggested att ... | 2005 | 16363686 |
| [research on culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex pipiens quinquefasciatus intrathoracically infected with attenuated japanese encephalitis virus sa14-14-2 vaccine strain]. | to determine if the attenuated japanese encephalitis (je) virus sa14-14-2 vaccine strain interacts efficiently with culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, and further to acquire a new knowledge of its characteristics and safety for human beings. | 2005 | 16415992 |
| effect of irrigated rice agriculture on japanese encephalitis, including challenges and opportunities for integrated vector management. | japanese encephalitis (je) is a disease caused by an arbovirus that is spread by marsh birds, amplified by pigs, and mainly transmitted by the bite of infected culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes. the estimated annual incidence and mortality rates are 30,000--50,000 and 10,000, respectively, and the estimated global burden of je in 2002 was 709,000 disability-adjusted life years lost. here, we discuss the contextual determinants of je, and systematically examine studies assessing the relationship ... | 2005 | 15878762 |
| yunnan orbivirus, a new orbivirus species isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes in china. | an orbivirus designated yunnan orbivirus (yuov) was isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes collected in the yunnan province of china. electron microscopy showed particles with typical orbivirus morphology. the yuov genome was sequenced completely and compared with previously characterized orbivirus genomes. significant identity scores were detected between proteins encoded by the segments (seg-1 to seg-10) of yuov and those encoded by their homologues in insect-borne and tick-borne orb ... | 2005 | 16298988 |
| monitoring of japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) at guandu nature park, taipei, 2002-2004. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection in mosquitoes was monitored at guandu nature park in taipei city from september 2002 to december 2004. in total, 30,386 female mosquitoes consisting of six genera and 14 species were processed for virus in 1,229 pools by using flavivirus ns5 gene sequences detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and nested pcr assay. overall, 101 pools were positive, including 95, 1, 4, and 1 for culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, culex sitiens wi ... | 2005 | 16465752 |
| first time detection of japanese encephalitis virus antigen in dry and unpreserved mosquito culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, 1901, from karnal district of haryana state of india. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) antigen has been detected by antigen capture enzyme linked immunosorbentassay (elisa) in dry specimens of the mosquito culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, 1901, collected from karnal district of haryana state in northern india. these mosquitoes were stored in dry condition for 20 months, at room temperature, before processing. the procedure of detecting jev infection in long time stored, dry vector mosquitoes, has important application in the surveillance of japanese ... | 2005 | 16749277 |
| evaluation of various control agents against mosquito larvae in rice paddies in taiwan. | a field test was conducted in rice paddies adjacent to wufeng, taichung county in central taiwan to evaluate the efficacy of control agents against mosquito larvae. the agents included bacillus thuringienesis israelensis (bti), two lagenidium giganteum products (lg product a and t), and temephos. the major mosquito species found in the rice paddies were culex tritaeniorhynchus/vishnui and anopheles sinensis. compared to controls, a 7-day treatment with bti or lg products a and t caused overall r ... | 2005 | 16007966 |
| repellent properties of celery, apium graveolens l., compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. | in our search for new bioactive products against mosquito vectors, we reported the slightly larvicidal and adulticidal potency, but remarkable repellency of apium graveolens both in laboratory and field conditions. repellency of the ethanolic preparation of hexane-extracted a. graveolens was, therefore, investigated and compared with those of 15 commercial mosquito repellents including the most widely used, deet. hexane-extracted a. graveolens showed a significant degree of repellency in a dose- ... | 2005 | 16262746 |
| short report: observations on the multiple feeding behavior of culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae), the vector of japanese encephalitis in kerala in southern india. | a study was undertaken in villages endemic for japanese encephalitis (je) in kerala in southern india during the period 1998-2001 to determine the host-feeding pattern of culex tritaeniorhynchus, the major vector of je in southeast asia. a total of 3,067 blood-engorged cx. tritaeniorhynchus were tested and 2,553 (82.2%) of the samples could be identified. culex tritaeniorhynchus had fed mainly (56.6%) on cattle. pig feeding accounted 6.3% of the total samples. some samples (n = 980, 38.3%) were ... | 2005 | 15741557 |
| ecology of invasive mosquitoes: effects on resident species and on human health. | investigations of biological invasions focus on patterns and processes that are related to introduction, establishment, spread and impacts of introduced species. this review focuses on the ecological interactions operating during invasions by the most prominent group of insect vectors of disease, mosquitoes. first, we review characteristics of non-native mosquito species that have established viable populations, and those invasive species that have spread widely and had major impacts, testing wh ... | 2005 | 17637849 |
| differential tolerance of two morphological variants of culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae), a japanese encephalitis vector, to pyrethroid insecticides in mysore, india. | five synthetic pyrethroids, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, permethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, and lambdacyhalothrin, were tested on the larvae of 2 morphological variants of cx. tritaeniorhynchus collected from mysore city (ground pools) and outside mysore (paddy fields), in karnataka state, india. the morphological characters, ie, length and width of siphon, siphonal index, comb scale numbers, pecten teeth numbers, length of anal gills and anal gill index of larvae of two cx. tritaeniorhynchus popula ... | 2006 | 17547067 |
| a reliable morphological method to assess the age of male anopheles gambiae. | release of genetically-modified (gm) or sterile male mosquitoes for malaria control is hampered by inability to assess the age and mating history of free-living male anopheles. | 2006 | 16872516 |
| development of lymphatic filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti (spirurida: onchocercidae) in mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) fed artificially on microfilaremic blood. | the efficiency of laboratory colonies of mosquitoes such as anopheles stephensi liston, aedes aegypti (l.) liverpool strain, ae. aegypti wild type, aedes albopictus (skuse), culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, culex sitiens wiedemann, and armigeres subalbatus coquillett in supporting the development of wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) (spirurida: onchocercidae) microfilariae to infective larvae was investigated. the mosquitoes were fed on heparinized microfilaremic human blood by using a membrane-feedi ... | 2006 | 17162957 |
| novel acetylcholinesterase target site for malaria mosquito control. | current anticholinesterase pesticides were developed during world war ii and are toxic to mammals because they target a catalytic serine residue of acetylcholinesterases (aches) in insects and in mammals. a sequence analysis of aches from 73 species and a three-dimensional model of a malaria-carrying mosquito (anopheles gambiae) ache (agache) reported here show that c286 and r339 of agache are conserved at the opening of the active site of aches in 17 invertebrate and four insect species, respec ... | 2006 | 17183688 |
| survival of immature anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) in aquatic habitats in mwea rice irrigation scheme, central kenya. | the survivorship and distribution of anopheles arabiensis larvae and pupae was examined in a rice agro-ecosystem in mwea irrigation scheme, central kenya, from august 2005 to april 2006, prior to implementation of larval control programme. | 2006 | 17125501 |
| study of flying height of culicid species in the northern part of the republic of korea. | the vertical distribution of mosquitoes (diptera, culicidae) was evaluated in paju county in northern south korea by using centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) miniature light traps with ultraviolet light and dry ice (co2) as attractants. cdc traps were placed at 1, 3 and 5 m above the ground near rice paddies in a relatively open agricultural ara. traps wer hung on two scaffold towers (6 m height) spaced approximately 300 m aprt. each trap operated 9 nights from august 3 to 16, 2002 ... | 2006 | 17019769 |
| [epidemic situation analysis of japanese encephalitis in 2005.]. | to investigate the epidemic situation of japanese encephalitis (je) in three provinces, guizhou, sichuan, and hubei in 2005. | 2006 | 17086274 |
| importance of waste stabilization ponds and wastewater irrigation in the generation of vector mosquitoes in pakistan. | the objective of the current study was to investigate the role of waste stabilization ponds (wsp) and wastewater-irrigated sites for the production of mosquitoes of medical importance. mosquito larvae were collected fortnightly from july 2001 to june 2002 in faisalabad, pakistan. in total, 3,132 water samples from wsp and irrigated areas yielded 606,053 culex larvae of five species. in addition, 107,113 anophelines, representing eight species were collected. anopheles subpictus (grassi) and cule ... | 2006 | 17017239 |
| laboratory transmission of japanese encephalitis, west nile, and getah viruses by mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) collected near camp greaves, gyeonggi province, republic of korea 2003. | we conducted experimental studies to evaluate mosquitoes captured in paju county, gyeonggi province, republic of korea, for their ability to transmit west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv), japanese encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, jev), and getah virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, getv) under laboratory conditions. both culex pipiens pallens coquillett and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles were highly susceptible to infection with wnv, with ... | 2006 | 17017248 |
| a hospital-based surveillance for japanese encephalitis in bali, indonesia. | japanese encephalitis (je) is presumed to be endemic throughout asia, yet only a few cases have been reported in tropical asian countries such as indonesia, malaysia and the philippines. to estimate the true disease burden due to je in this region, we conducted a prospective, hospital-based surveillance with a catchment population of 599,120 children less than 12 years of age in bali, indonesia, from july 2001 through december 2003. | 2006 | 16603053 |
| an isocitrate dehydrogenase polymorphism in culex tritaeniorhynchus. | 2006 | 1233396 | |
| molecular identification of palearctic members of anopheles maculipennis in northern iran. | members of anopheles maculipennis complex are effective malaria vectors in europe and the caspian sea region in northern iran, where malaria has been re-introduced since 1994. the current study has been designed in order to provide further evidence on the status of species composition and to identify more accurately the members of the maculipennis complex in northern iran. | 2007 | 17233887 |
| deployable, field-sustainable, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays for rapid screening and serotype identification of dengue virus in mosquitoes. | dengue virus universal and serotype 1 to 4 fluorogenic probe hydrolysis, reverse transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays and positive-control rna template were freeze-dried in a thermally stable, hydrolytic enzyme-resistant format and deployed for testing in a dengue fever-endemic region of thailand. the study site presented austere testing conditions. field-collected aedes aegypti mosquitoes spiked with inoculated a. aegypti mosquitoes and individual and pooled, field-collecte ... | 2007 | 17436782 |
| the seroprevalence of japanese encephalitis virus in goats raised in korea. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) causes a mosquitoborne viral zoonosis that is becoming increasingly important to public health in east and south asia. although jev is primarily associated with reproductive failure in swine, jev infection can cause fever and headache in humans and is associated with aseptic meningitis and encephalitis. the exact mode of transmission, including host range and possible source of viral amplification within livestock, is still not completely clear. this study consi ... | 2007 | 17519576 |
| detection of antibodies to japanese encephalitis virus in the wild boars in hiroshima prefecture, japan. | serum specimens were collected from 25 wild boars in hiroshima prefecture located in the western region of japan from november 2004 to february 2005. the sera were tested for antibodies to japanese encephalitis virus (jev) by igm capture and igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), and plaque reduction neutralization test. seventeen samples (68%) were positive for neutralizing antibody to jev. all the neutralizing antibody-positive samples were positive for igg-elisa. one was also positiv ... | 2007 | 17217550 |
| effectiveness of zanthoxylum piperitum-derived essential oil as an alternative repellent under laboratory and field applications. | recently, there were considerable efforts made to promote the use of environmentally friendly and biodegradable natural insecticides and repellents, particularly from botanical sources. in this study, zanthoxylum piperitum-derived essential oil isolated by steam distillation was investigated and compared to the standard synthetic repellent, n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet), for repellency against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. the oil of z. piperitum alone and also with 5% ... | 2007 | 16896651 |
| structural characterization of acetylcholinesterase 1 from the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae). | acetylcholinesterase (ache) plays a key role in cholinergic impulse transmission, and it is the target enzyme for organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. two genes, acei and aceii, have been characterized from different insect species, and point mutations in either gene can lead to significant resistance to these classes of insecticides. in this report, we describe the partial characterization of the acei gene from lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) (diptera: psychodidae), and we show tha ... | 2007 | 17695019 |
| effect of discriminative plant-sugar feeding on the survival and fecundity of anopheles gambiae. | a previous study showed for anopheles gambiae s.s. a gradation of feeding preference on common plant species growing in a malaria holoendemic area in western kenya. the present follow-up study determines whether there is a relationship between the mosquito's preferences and its survival and fecundity. | 2007 | 17711580 |
| different amino-acid substitutions confer insecticide resistance through acetylcholinesterase 1 insensitivity in culex vishnui and culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) from china. | insecticide resistance owing to insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ache)1 has been reported in several mosquito species, and only two mutations in the ace-1 gene have been implicated in resistance: 119s and 331w substitutions. we analyzed the ache1 resistance status of culex vishnui (theobald) and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles sampled in various regions of china. these two species displayed distinct mutations leading to ache1 insensitivity; the 119s substitution in resistant c. vishnui mosquitoes ... | 2007 | 17547232 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the complete acetylcholinesterase gene (ace1) from the mosquito aedes aegypti with implications for comparative genome analysis. | insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ache) has been shown to be responsible for resistance to organophosphates and carbamates in a number of arthropod species. some arthropod genomes contain a single ace gene, while others including mosquitoes contain two genes, but only one confers insecticide resistance. here we report the isolation of the full-length cdna and characterization of the complete genomic dna sequence for the ace1 gene in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. the ace1 homolog in o ... | 2007 | 17550823 |
| forty years of erratic insecticide resistance evolution in the mosquito culex pipiens. | one view of adaptation is that it proceeds by the slow and steady accumulation of beneficial mutations with small effects. it is difficult to test this model, since in most cases the genetic basis of adaptation can only be studied a posteriori with traits that have evolved for a long period of time through an unknown sequence of steps. in this paper, we show how ace-1, a gene involved in resistance to organophosphorous insecticide in the mosquito culex pipiens, has evolved during 40 years of an ... | 2007 | 18020711 |
| infection and vertical transmission of kamiti river virus in laboratory bred aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | kamiti river virus (krv) is an insect-only flavivirus that was isolated from field-collected ae. macintoshi mosquitoes in 1999, and is closely related to cell fusing agent virus. both of these viruses belong to the family flaviviridae, which also contains other viruses of medical importance, such as yellow fever virus, west nile virus and dengue. because ae. macintoshi is the only known natural host to krv, the main objective of this study was to establish the possibility that other mosquito hos ... | 2007 | 20337552 |
| the inhibitory effect of a combination of imidacloprid and permethrin on blood feeding by mosquitoes in dogs raised under outdoor conditions. | combinations of imidacloprid and permethrin were frequently used to control harmful arthropod of companion animals. the inhibitory effects on blood-feeding activity of mosquitoes in dogs raised under outdoor conditions were evaluated by using combination of 10% (w/v) of imidacloprid and 50% (w/v) of permethrin as spot-on form. dogs in the treated group received the combination imidacloprid/permethrin spot-on. after treatment, dogs in the control and treated groups were kept separately from the e ... | 2008 | 18450384 |
| me tri virus: a semliki forest virus strain from vietnam? | me tri virus (mtv) is a member of the semliki forest virus (sfv) complex in the genus alphavirus, first isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes in vietnam in 1971 and described as a newly recognized alphavirus, based on antigenic characterization. however, based on a partial nucleotide sequence of the e1 envelope glycoprotein gene, it has recently been argued that mtv may represent a variant of sfv rather than a separate species. to enable definitive classification, we determined the co ... | 2008 | 18753222 |
| rapid identification of known and new rna viruses from animal tissues. | viral surveillance programs or diagnostic labs occasionally obtain infectious samples that fail to be typed by available cell culture, serological, or nucleic acid tests. five such samples, originating from insect pools, skunk brain, human feces and sewer effluent, collected between 1955 and 1980, resulted in pathology when inoculated into suckling mice. in this study, sequence-independent amplification of partially purified viral nucleic acids and small scale shotgun sequencing was used on mous ... | 2008 | 18818738 |
| host feeding pattern of japanese encephalitis virus vector mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from kuttanadu, kerala, india. | identification of blood meals of vector mosquitoes is an important tool in the epidemiological investigations of vector-borne diseases. the blood meals of three mosquito species involved in the transmission of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) from the kuttanadu area, kerala, were determined using the agarose gel diffusion technique. a total of 4959 blood smears belonging to culex (culex) tritaeniorhynchus giles (3273), cx. (culex) gelidus theobald (64), mansonia (mnd.) indiana edwards (735) ,an ... | 2008 | 18826037 |
| biocontrol of larval mosquitoes by acilius sulcatus (coleoptera: dytiscidae). | problems associated with resistant mosquitoes and the effects on non-target species by chemicals, evoke a reason to find alternative methods to control mosquitoes, like the use of natural predators. in this regard, aquatic coleopterans have been explored less compared to other insect predators. in the present study, an evaluation of the role of the larvae of acilius sulcatus linnaeus 1758 (coleoptera: dytiscidae) as predator of mosquito immatures was made in the laboratory. its efficacy under fi ... | 2008 | 18922168 |
| detection of host virus-reactive antibodies in blood meals of naturally engorged mosquitoes. | although serosurvey in human or animals is a useful and straightforward strategy routinely used for public health, it often faces different types of impediments: ethics, beliefs, limitation by animal owners, hazard of access to wild animals. to survey virus circulation, we applied the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technique to detect dengue and japanese encephalitis (je) virus-reactive antibodies in blood meals collected from mosquitoes without regard to the potential of mosquito spe ... | 2008 | 18973442 |
| distribution of mosquito (diptera: culicidae) species and wolbachia (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) infections during the bird immigration season in pathumthani province, central thailand. | mosquito distribution in the immigration bird-nested area, pathumthani province, was investigated from august to december in 2006. mosquitoes were collected by using co2-baited centers for disease control light traps in which dry ice was used as a source of co2 to attract mosquitoes. six traps were operated from 4 p.m. until 7 a.m. on each study day. four genera, which were anopheles, armigeres, culex, and mansonia with 14 species of mosquitoes were collected. culex gelidus (13.94-59.41%) and cu ... | 2008 | 18066693 |