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pathogenicity and immunogenicity of a mutagen-attenuated rift valley fever virus immunogen in pregnant ewes.a mutagenized clone of rift valley fever virus (rvfv; mv p12) used in inoculation of 3 pregnant ewes was immunogenic, nonpathogenic, and nonabortogenic. in contrast, inoculation of a matched group of 3 pregnant ewes with parent rvfv induced clinical disease and abortions. ewes given mv p12 delivered healthy lambs that had rvfv antibody titers of less than 1:10 at birth, increasing to greater than or equal to 1:80 after ingestion of colostrum. ewes inoculated with parent rvfv developed marked vir ...19873631685
observations on the d/v ratio of male genitalia of culex pipiens complex in amphur muang chiang mai, northern thailand.mosquitoes belonging to the culex pipiens complex were collected from various locations in amphur muang chiang mai, northern thailand, and identified by using d/v ratios of male genitalia. most of the mosquitoes were cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus, having d/v ratios of 0.46 +/- 0.09. among these mosquitoes, 1.23% (6/490) had d/v ratios between 0.8-0.9 these forms were considered as cx. p. quinquefasciatus which showed extreme variations from the generally acceptable criterion.19873660062
reduced survival of adult culex pipiens infected with rift valley fever virus.the effect of rift valley fever (rvf) viral infection on the survival of female culex pipiens was examined. in 3 experiments in which mosquitoes ingested rvf virus, there was a 44% decrease in survival to days 14-16 for transmitting vs. nontransmitting mosquitoes, and a 48% decrease in survival for individuals with disseminated vs. nondisseminated infections. these results were corroborated by other experiments in which survival of mosquitoes intrathoracically inoculated with rvf virus was compa ...19873661832
ultrastructural midgut events in culicidae larvae fed with bacillus sphaericus 2297 spore/crystal complex.ingestion of bacillus sphaericus 2297 spore/crystal complex by culicidae larvae anopheles stephensi, culex pipiens subsp. pipiens and aedes aegypti was rapidly followed by a dissolution of the protein crystalline inclusions inside the anterior stomach of the three species. during the first day of intoxication, b. sphaericus spores germinated within the midgut lumen, and were in a vegetative stage between 36-48 h after ingestion when the larvae began to die. ultrastructural observations focused o ...19873663390
histological studies of developmental stages during oogenesis in culex pipiens molestus (forskål). i. fourth larval instar and pupal stage. 19863699634
an interspecific mosquito model for the mesenteronal infection barrier to western equine encephalomyelitis virus (culex tarsalis and culex pipiens).culex tarsalis, a putative mosquito vector of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus, is susceptible to peroral infection by wee virus. the nonvector mosquito, culex pipiens, has a very high peroral threshold of infection and is considered to be refractory. by parenteral inoculation, both mosquito species are equally susceptible. thus, cx. tarsalis and cx. pipiens represent an excellent model system to examine the mechanisms for the mesenteronal infection barrier to wee virus. diethylamino ...19863706628
breeding water and mosquito strain as factors influencing susceptibility of culex pipiens l. to bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14. 19863722891
role of culex pipiens l. in recovering latent african-horse-sickness virus from dogs. 19863722893
histological studies of developmental stages during oogenesis in culex pipiens molestus (forskål). ii. the adult stage. 19863744177
[survey of resistance to phosphorus esters in the italian culex pipiens population]. 19863752804
sporulation-associated activation of bacillus sphaericus larvicide.preparations of the larvicidal crystal from 46-h cultures of bacillus sphaericus 2362 contain 125-, 110-, 63-, and 43-kilodalton (kda) proteins (p. baumann, b. m. unterman, l. baumann, a.h. broadwell, s.j. abbene, and r.d. bowditch, j. bacteriol. 163:738-747, 1985). the 63- and 43-kda proteins, which have been purified, are not immunologically cross-reactive, and only the 43-kda protein is toxic to mosquito larvae. since antigenic determinants of the two smaller proteins have been detected in th ...19863777925
purification of larvicidal protein from bacillus sphaericus 1593.coat proteins from the spores of bacillus sphaericus 1593 were separated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. neutralising antibodies were raised against a single protein band exhibiting toxicity to mosquito larvae. igg was purified and coupled to cnbr-activated sepharose 4b to be used as an immunoaffinity matrix. the larvicidal protein was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity using this immunoaffinity column. the single protein species resolved into four peptides of molecular w ...19863801026
identification of resistance mechanisms in culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) from southern france: insensitive acetylcholinesterase and detoxifying oxidases. 19863805481
avermectins, mk-933 and mk-936, for mosquito control.two avermectins were shown to be effective as mosquito larvicides or when fed to adult female mosquitoes in sucrose solution or in blood. larval lc50 values of compounds mk-933 and mk-936, expressed as parts per billion, were found to be 3.94 and 2.42 for culex pipiens, 5.85 and 2.90 for anopheles stephensi and 23.4 and 10.4 for aedes aegypti. when fed to adult females of an. stephensi, ae. aegypti or cx quinquefasciatus, mk-933 at 2.8mg active ingredient per litre in sucrose solution caused com ...19853832491
effect of extrinsic incubation temperature on the ability of aedes taeniorhynchus and culex pipiens to transmit rift valley fever virus.studies were conducted to examine the effects of extrinsic incubation (ei) temperature on the vector competence of egyptian culex pipiens and north american aedes taeniorhynchus for rift valley fever (rvf) virus. following per os exposure, infection rates in ae. taeniorhynchus remained relatively constant at 55%, 56%, and 59% for mosquitoes held at ei temperatures of 13, 26, and 33 degrees c, respectively. in contrast, significantly fewer cx. pipiens became infected when held at 13 degrees c (38 ...19853834803
temperature-induced morphological change in culex pipiens.the effect of temperature on culex pipiens pipiens, cx. p. quinquefasciatus, and reciprocal hybrids of the two was investigated by monitoring the dv/d ratios of these stocks maintained at 15.6 degrees c and 23.9 degrees c over 10 generations. little variation occurred in mean values of the parental subspecies at either temperature. at 23.9 degrees c, the mean ratios for both hybrid lines rose from an intermediate value to a level well above the accepted minimum for cx. p. quinquefasciatus (0.4), ...19853880228
response of the mosquito culex pipiens molestus in the amman area of jordan to certain insecticides.the response of adult females of the mosquito culex pipiens molestus to six insecticides was evaluated. adults were collected from two locations in the amman area from may to october 1983. the f1 generation was exposed to paper-impregnated insecticides using who test kits. at both locations, the most toxic insecticides were permethrin, propoxur and ferpropathrin. malathion, dieldrin and ddt were far less effective.19853880229
single-mosquito test to determine genotypes with an acetylcholinesterase insensitive to inhibition to propoxur insecticide.a sensitive technique allowing to identify the three genotypes (acess, acerr and acers) of the ace gene existing in natural populations of culex pipiens in southern france is described. the technique is based on the comparison of ache (acetylcholinesterase) activity in 3 equal aliquots taken from the homogenate of a single mosquito (a) in absence of inhibitor (ra), (b) in presence of eserine that inhibits the ache encoded by aces and acer alleles (ri) and (c) in presence of a concentration of pr ...19853880259
distribution of dopa-oxidase isozymes among mosquito vectors of viral encephalitis.distribution of dopa-oxidase isozymes in larval culex pipiens pipiens, culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and their hybrids was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. three zones of enzyme activity were detected in the subspecific and hybrid populations. zone i was cathodic whereas zones ii and iii were anodic. electrophoretic variability was evident only in zone ii which was dimorphic for enzyme activity. zones i and iii were monomorphic. the subspecific and hybrid populations were distinguisha ...19853917888
search for a sensitive stage for aposymbiosis induction in culex pipiens pipiens by antibiotic treatment of immature stages. 19853918120
purification of the larvicidal toxin of bacillus sphaericus and evidence for high-molecular-weight precursors.crystals were purified from spore-crystal complexes of bacillus sphaericus 2362 by disruption in a french pressure cell followed by centrifugation through 48% (wt/vol) nabr. crystals from such preparations had a 50% lethal concentration of 6 ng of protein per ml for the larvae of the mosquito culex pipiens. when subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, the proteins in b. sphaericus crystals migrated in positions corresponding to 43, 63, 98, 110, and 125 kiloda ...19853926751
mechanical transmission of rift valley fever virus by hematophagous diptera.experimental studies were conducted to determine if hematophagous diptera were capable of mechanical transmission of rift valley fever (rvf) virus to laboratory animals. all species tested (glossina morsitans, aedes aegypti, aedes taeniorhynchus, culex pipiens, stomoxys calcitrans, lutzomyia longipalpis, and culicoides variipennis) mechanically transmitted the virus to hamsters. mechanical transmission rates for g. morsitans ranged from 0-100%, with the probability of mechanical transmission pos ...19853970308
plasmodium gallinaceum: sporozoite activity in immune mosquito hemolymph.sporozoites of plasmodium gallinaceum are relatively inactive in hanks' balanced salt solution or in the hemolymph of the susceptible aedes aegypti mosquito. they become agitated and very active in the presence of the hemolymph of the innately immune mosquito, culex pipiens. sporozoites from the latter are more infective in chicks than the former. this behavior is likely the result of stimulation or irritation by the adverse environment.19853972059
viability of culex pipiens pipiens eggs affected by nutrition and aposymbiosis. 19853981032
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of rift valley fever virus antigen in mosquitoes.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to measure the quantity of rift valley fever (rvf) viral antigen in infected egyptian culex pipiens. infectivity, as measured by plaque assay, was significantly correlated with viral antigen, as measured by the elisa, in all groups of mosquitoes regardless of the time interval after the infectious blood meal. the proportion of noninfectious viral antigen in these groups increased with time. when individual mosquitoes were assayed the plaque a ...19853985279
experimental studies of st. louis encephalitis virus in vertebrates.serologically negative birds and mammals of species, known from other studies to be exposed naturally to st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus in memphis, tennessee, and other selected species were inoculated experimentally with strains of sle virus to determine their potential as natural hosts. mosquitoes (culex sp.) were allowed to feed on some of the inoculated vertebrate species, held for 14 days, and tested for sle infection. the cardinals (richmondena cardinalis), robins (turdus migratorius), ...19853999258
culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) morbidity and mortality associated with rift valley fever virus infection. 19854009630
effect of some environmental factors on survival of overwintering mosquitoes, culex pipiens pallens.in connection with the possible overwintering of japanese b encephalitis virus in mosquitoes, some experiments were carried out to examine the effect of temperature, day-length and blood feeding on the survival of the overwintering population of the mosquito, culex pipiens pallens. no significant difference was observed in the survival rate between the blood-fed and unfed groups under a higher temperature (24 degrees c) and longer day-length (l:d 14:10). under a lower temperature (16 degrees c) ...19854023465
ovarian diapause in three geographic strains of culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). 19854045946
sexing of living larvae and pupae of culex pipiens molestus (forskal) (diptera, culicidae). 19854054751
integration of radiation with cytoplasmic incompatibility for genetic control in the culex pipiens complex (diptera: culicidae). 19854078850
laboratory studies on the susceptibility of mosquito-eating fish, lebistes reticulatus and the larvae of culex pipiens fatigans to insecticides. 19714103471
the present importance of domestic mosquitoes (culex pipiens fatigans wiedemann) in east africa and recent steps towards their control. 19714109433
[level of sensitivity to organochlorine pesticides of culex pipiens l. mosquitoes and their control in sukhumi and its vicinity]. 19724114454
persistence of thiotepa and tepa in pupae and adults of culex pipiens fatigans wiedemann.thiotepa and its oxygen analogue tepa, used to chemosterilize males of culex pipiens fatigans for genetic control purposes, are toxic and mutagenic. an investigation showed that adult mosquitos that had been treated as pupae showed no detectable chemosterilant in their tissue 24 hours after emergence from the pupal stage.19724121670
[characteristics of synanthropic populations of culex pipiens l. in the soviet union. ii. the level of sensitivity to ddt and hch]. 19734129435
effect of sublethal concentrations of the insecticides ddt, abate and sevin, applied to 3rd stage larvae of culex pipiens molestus on certain biological aspects of the mosquito. 19744143382
filarial infectivity rate of culex pipiens molestus subjected to sublethal concentrations of insecticides abate and sevin and distribution of infective filaria larvae in mosquito body regions. 19744143395
1. the effect of heparin on the migration of brugia pahangi microfilariae culex pipiens. 2. the uptake of b. pahangi microfilariae in c. pipiens and the infectivity of c. pipiens in relation to microfilarial densities. 3. evidence of a sex-linked recessive gene, sb, controlling susceptibility c. pipiens to b. pahangi. 19734149674
[trails on bch in control of larvae and pupae of culex pipiens]. 19664179752
chemosterilization of the tropical house mosquito culex pipiens fatigans wied.: laboratory and field cage studies.tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulfide was found to be an excellent sterilant for male culex pipiens fatigans. when male pupae were exposed to a 0.6% solution for 3 hours, the ensuing adults were rendered permanently sterile with no apparent reduction in their vigour or longevity based on laboratory and field cage studies. females, however, exposed to the same dosage for the same length of time were partially fertile.19734196835
the complete development of the sporogonous stages of hepatozoon rarefaciens cultured in a culex pipiens cell line. 19734197135
identification of members of the culex pipiens complex by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. 19734198152
immunogenetic and electrophoretic studies with extracts of different adult culex pipiens strains. 19734198324
the etiological agent of cytoplasmic incompatibility in culex pipiens. 19734206296
cytoplasmic factors in the gonads of culex pipiens complex mosquitoes. 19744207202
stempellia milleri sp. n. (microsporida: nosematidae) in the mosquito culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say. 19744214251
observations on the flight activities of culex pipiens fatigans in rangoon, burma.knowledge of the behaviour of a vector is often of value in devising suitable methods for assessing control or eradication measures. flight behaviour is particularly important, since it is during this activity of a mosquito that trapping is possible. trapping data have proved useful in the assessment of the action of insecticides on the vectors of malaria, and there is no reason why this should not also be the case with the vectors of filariasis.in this paper the difficulties of trapping culex p ...19674227194
dispersion studies of culex pipiens fatigans tagged with 32p in the kemmendine area of rangoon, burma.the flight range and the dispersion of a vector are important factors when control or eradication measures are being considered and when general biological information is desired. the present work on culex pipiens fatigans was carried out under conditions where breeding is intensive and housing congested. the radioactive tagging method adopted seemed to be harmless to the mosquito and gave excellent results.radioactive adults emerging under normal conditions from larvae collected in the centre o ...19674227195
time of arrival of gravid culex pipiens fatigans at an oviposition site, the oviposition cycle and the relationship between time of feeding and time of oviposition.one of the most important activities in a female mosquito's life is the flight to the breeding place and the subsequent deposition of eggs. during this phase, motivated by endogenous and exogenous stimuli, the female is particularly exposed and susceptible to attack. it is therefore important to investigate these episodes in the gravid female's life.the work reported in this paper shows that gravid culex pipiens fatigans females are easily trapped over breeding-water; there are two peaks in the ...19674227196
outdoor resting of culex pipiens fatigans in rangoon, burma.the sites occupied by resting adult mosquitos are of importance, since they may be accessible to treatment with insecticide. it has usually been assumed that culex pipiens fatigans feeds and rests indoors, thus making itself vulnerable to indoor spraying. however, work in the kemmendine experimental area of rangoon, burma, has now shown that many c. p. fatigans rest out of doors in a variety of shelters. the lower parous rate in outside catches as compared with indoor catches tends to confirm th ...19674227197
qualitative and quantitative characteristics adult culex pipiens fatigans populations according to time, site and place of capture.the composition of a vector population is largely influenced by the pressures and modifying effects of the environment. changes in the latter, whether natural or induced (e.g., by insecticides) will be reflected in the former. thus if the existing characteristics of a vector population are determined, the parameters can subsequently be used to assess the effect of control measures.the effect of environmental conditions on the density and parity of culex pipiens fatigans in catches in burma is il ...19674227198
the duration of egg, larval and pupal stages of culex pipiens fatigans in rangoon, burma.laboratory experiments to determine the duration of the immature stages of culex pipiens fatigans were carried out because such information is important from the point of view of control by larvicides. at a temperature of 25.1 degrees c+/-0.7 degrees c the mean incubation period is 27.11+/-0.57 hours. females spend a longer time in the pupal stage than males (34.16+/-0.74 hours and 32.95+/-0.75 hours, respectively, at 28.6 degrees c+/-0.8 degrees c; there is no 24-hour pupating or emerging rhyth ...19674227199
evaluation of wuchereria bancrofti infection in culex pipiens fatigans in rangoon, burma.in the past, several indices have been proposed to evaluate the threat of vectors to the community. such indices, if accurately determined, could serve to assess the effectiveness of vector control campaigns. in this paper, a "risk of infection" index is introduced for the case of urban filariasis transmitted by culex pipiens fatigans in rangoon, burma. this index is directly proportional to the three principal parameters that determine the extent of transmission-namely, the biting density of th ...19674227200
eradication of culex pipiens fatigans through cytoplasmic incompatibility. 19674228275
the susceptibility of culex pipiens fatigans larvae to insecticides in rangoon, burma.since april 1963, the susceptibility to insecticides of larvae of culex pipiens fatigans has been extensively studied by the who filariasis research unit in rangoon, burma, as part of a programme of research aimed at establishing which compound or group of compounds could be used to control the vector of filariasis.larvae from various localities in rangoon showed wide variations in susceptibility to chlorinated hydrocarbons. there were also seasonal variations and it was difficult to standardize ...19674230023
on the inefficiency of transmission of wuchereria bancrofti from mosquito to human host.the high biting rate of culex pipiens fatigans in rangoon, combined with a low prevalence of microfilaraemia due to wuchereria bancrofti, suggested a poor efficiency of transmission. data obtained by the who filariasis research unit in rangoon were analysed, and the efficiency of the parasite from stage iii larva in the mosquito to the production of microfilariae was estimated as 6.04-6.71 x 10(-5), indicating that an average of around 15 500 bites by "infective" mosquitos is necessary to produc ...19684235739
a mark-release-recapture experiment with culex pipiens fatigans in the village of okpo, burma. 19684236367
[study of the resistance mechanism to ddt in culex pipiens fatigans]. 19694238710
[infection rate of culex pipiens l. mosquitoes with a parasitizing fungus, entomophthora conglomerata sorok, in the vicinity of novocherkassk]. 19684239527
transamination in culex pipiens fatigans. 19684239958
preferred biting sites of culex pipiens fatigans on adult burmese males. 19694240769
selection of culex pipiens fatigans for vector ability to the rural strain of wuchereria bancrofti--a preliminary report. 19704246801
[detection of culex pipiens molestus forsk. 1775, in tbilisi]. 19694250161
susceptibility of culex pipiens fatigans to fenthion in rangoon, burma, 1963-69. 19704250698
summary of field trials in 1964-69 in rangoon, burma, of organophosphorus larvicides and oils against culex pipiens fatigens larvae in polluted water.in tests in rangoon, burma, of the larvicidal activity of various organophosphorus compounds against c. p. fatigans, it was found that the activity usually lasted much longer in septic tanks and pit latrines than in open drains. dursban, abate, fenthion and several other emulsifiable concentrates caused high larval mortality at a concentration of 0.05 ppm but 0.5 ppm was normally required to obtain a minimum of 1-2 weeks of complete larval control. for the desired residual activity, dosages abou ...19704253561
[microsporidioses of culex pipiens l. mosquitoes]. 19714254960
[an experiment of genetic control of culex pipiens fatigans wied., 1828]. 19714256719
a high incidence of green coloration in newly-emerged adult populations of culex pipiens fatigans in rangoon, burma. 19714258432
studies on infiltration of marked culex pipiens fatigans into sprayed areas in rangoon, burma. 19714259241
breeding sites of culex pipiens fatigans in areas of rangoon, burma sprayed with fenthion larvicide, 1967-1969. 19714259331
[meal sources for culex pipiens pipiens l. mosquitoes in the tashkent region]. 19724260648
observations of the guppy, poecilia reticulata peters, in culex pipiens fatigans breeding sites in bangkok, rangoon, and taipei. 19724261424
changes in the age structure of culex pipiens fatigans wiedemann populations in rangoon, burma after intensive larviciding. 19724262363
[culex pipiens molestus, forsk. mosquitoes in the towns of the rostov region]. 19724265878
effects of sublethal concentrations of dieldrin on culex pipiens fatigans. 19734268931
cytogenetic basis of chemically-induced sterility in culex pipiens fatigans wiedemann. i. chemosterilant-induced damage in the somatic chromosomes. 19734269952
[cases of mycoses in culex pipiens l. mosquitoes in azerbaijan, uzbekistan and in southern ukraine]. 19734272381
[a new mutation of larval color in the mosquito, culex pipiens l (author's transl)]. 19734273697
[results of winter observations on the biology and ecology of culex pipiens l. in sukhumi]. 19744281867
[age composition of a natural population of culex pipiens l., blood digestion and the maturation of eggs of these mosquitos in the vicinity of novocherkassk]. 19744282106
[effect of the system of operation of filtration fields on the development and number of culex pipiens l. mosquitoes in the southeast european part of the rsfsh]. 19744282114
efficiency of the cytoplasmic incompatible (d3) strain of culex pipiens fatigans to infection with the rural strain of wuchereria bancrofti. 19744282638
distribution and properties of phospholipase a of culex pipiens fatigans. 19704319597
can culex pipiens fatigans or aedes aegypti spread smallpox? a preliminary report. 19714348264
on the phospholipids of culex pipiens fatigans. 19714361135
selection of larvae of a laboratory colony of culex pipiens fatigans wiedemann for ddt-resistance. 19664380080
[insect-bite dermatitis caused by mosquitoes of the species culex pipiens molestus]. 19664380314
[on the biometry of culex pipiens molestus forsk. mosquitoes from laboratory cultures]. 19664380865
studies on mosquito attractants and stimulants. iv. aan agent producing stimulative effects for oviposition of culex pipiens fatigans in field water and the stimulative effects of various chemicals. 19674383223
aliphatic amines against insecticide-susceptible and resistant strains of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and anopheles albimanus. 19694387585
characterization of phospholipase b of culex pipiens fatigans.phospholipase b has been found in the mosquito culex pipiens fatigans, and some of its properties have been studied. the enzyme had a high optimum temperature (45 degrees c) and broad alkaline ph optimum (8-9). it was inactive toward diacylphospholipids, and hydrolyzed lysolecithin at a higher rate than lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine. the enzyme was heat labile, but lysolecithin protected it against heat inactivation. phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, deoxycholate, fe(+++), and hg( ...19694390654
[changes in the integument and oenocytes during the pupal stage of culex pipiens (dipt)]. 19694390763
thermolability of proteins of mosquitoes culex pipiens molestus forsk. 19704394703
studies on culex pipiens molestus in israel. 3. immune reactions in laboratory animals to extracts from the mosquito. 19684396198
[eye color mutations of the mosquito culex pipiens l.--their chemical and genetic causes]. 19714397976
meiosis in the male of culex pipiens and aedes albopictus and fertilization in the culex pipiens-complex. 19714398667
hydrogen-ion concentration in breeding habitats of culex pipiens fatigans (wied.) and associated mosquitos. 19714401769
studies on phosphatases of the mosquito culex pipiens fatigans. 19724404428
mechanisms of ddt resistance in culex pipiens fatigans. 19744417753
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