Publications

transcriptome sequencing as a platform to elucidate molecular components of the diapause response in the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus.	diapause has long been recognized as a crucial ecological adaptation to spatio-temporal environmental variation. more recently, rapid evolution of the diapause response has been implicated in response to contemporary global warming and during the range expansion of invasive species. although the molecular regulation of diapause remains largely unresolved, rapidly emerging next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies provide exciting opportunities to address this longstanding question. herein, a ...	0	23833391
dry season production of filariasis and dengue vectors in american samoa and comparison with wet season production.	aedes polynesiensis and ae. aegypti breeding site productivity in two american samoa villages were analyzed during a dry season survey and compared with a wet season survey. both surveys identified similar container types producing greater numbers of pupae, with buckets, drums, and tires responsible for > 50% of aedes pupae during the dry season. the prevalence of containers with ae. polynesiensis and the density of ae. polynesiensis in discarded appliances, drums, and discarded plastic ice crea ...	0	19996430
surveillance and vector control of lymphatic filariasis in the republic of korea.	until the early 2000s, lymphatic filariasis would commonly break out in the coastal areas in korea. through steady efforts combining investigation and treatment, filariasis was officially declared eradicated in 2008. this study surveyed the density of vector species of filariasis in past endemic areas, and inspected filariasis dna from collected mosquitoes for protection against the reemergence of filariasis.	0	24159506
discrimination of the plasmodium mexicanum vectors lutzomyia stewarti and lutzomyia vexator by a pcr-rflp assay and wolbachia infection.		0	24820578
detection of wolbachia pipientis, including a new strain containing the wsp gene, in two sister species of paraphlebotomus sandflies, potential vectors of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis.	individual, naturally occurring phlebotomus mongolensis and phlebotomus caucasicus from iran were screened for infections with the maternally inherited intracellular rickettsia-like bacterium wolbachia pipientis via targeting a major surface protein gene (wsp). the main objective of this study was to determine if w. pipientis could be detected in these species. the sandflies were screened using polymerase chain reaction to amplify a fragment of the wolbachia surface protein gene. the obtained se ...	0	23828002
a 'nanosuit' surface shield successfully protects organisms in high vacuum: observations on living organisms in an fe-sem.	although extremely useful for a wide range of investigations, the field emission scanning electron microscope (fe-sem) has not allowed researchers to observe living organisms. however, we have recently reported that a simple surface modification consisting of a thin extra layer, termed 'nanosuit', can keep organisms alive in the high vacuum (10(-5) to 10(-7) pa) of the sem. this paper further explores the protective properties of the nanosuit surface-shield. we found that a nanosuit formed with ...	0	25631998
dose-dependent behavioral response of the mosquito aedes albopictus to floral odorous compounds.	the value of using plant volatiles as attractants for trapping and spatial repellents to protect hosts against mosquitoes has been widely recognized. the current study characterized behavioral responses of aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) to different concentrations, ranging from 6 to 96%, of several common floral odorous compounds, including linalool, geraniol, citronellal, eugenol, anisaldehyde, and citral, using a wind tunnel olfactometer system. the results indicated that female ...	0	24779928
regulation of behaviorally associated gene networks in worker honey bee ovaries.	several lines of evidence support genetic links between ovary size and division of labor in worker honey bees. however, it is largely unknown how ovaries influence behavior. to address this question, we first performed transcriptional profiling on worker ovaries from two genotypes that differ in social behavior and ovary size. then, we contrasted the differentially expressed ovarian genes with six sets of available brain transcriptomes. finally, we probed behavior-related candidate gene networks ...	0	22162860
a review of chemosensation and related behavior in aquatic insects.	insects that are secondarily adapted to aquatic environments are able to sense odors from a diverse array of sources. the antenna of these insects, as in all insects, is the main chemosensory structure and its input to the brain allows for integration of sensory information that ultimately ends in behavioral responses. only a fraction of the aquatic insect orders have been studied with respect to their sensory biology and most of the work has centered either on the description of the different t ...	0	21864156
sweetness and light: illuminating the honey bee genome.		0	17069628
bioefficacy of mentha piperita essential oil against dengue fever mosquito aedes aegypti l.	to assess the larvicidal and repellent potential of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of peppermint plant, mentha piperita (m. piperita) against the larval and adult stages of aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti).	0	23569733
molecular cloning and characterization of an acetylcholinesterase cdna in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens.	a full cdna encoding an acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec 3.1.1.7) was cloned and characterized from the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stål (hemiptera: delphacidae). the complete cdna (2467 bp) contains a 1938-bp open reading frame encoding 646 amino acid residues. the amino acid sequence of the ache deduced from the cdna consists of 30 residues for a putative signal peptide and 616 residues for the mature protein with a predicted molecular weight of 69,418. the three residues (ser242, glu3 ...	0	20874389
insect fat body: energy, metabolism, and regulation.	the fat body plays major roles in the life of insects. it is a dynamic tissue involved in multiple metabolic functions. one of these functions is to store and release energy in response to the energy demands of the insect. insects store energy reserves in the form of glycogen and triglycerides in the adipocytes, the main fat body cell. insect adipocytes can store a great amount of lipid reserves as cytoplasmic lipid droplets. lipid metabolism is essential for growth and reproduction and provides ...	0	19725772
male accessory gland substances from aedes albopictus affect the locomotor activity of aedes aegypti females.	dengue is one of the world's most important mosquito-borne diseases and is usually transmitted by one of two vector species: aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus . these two diurnal mosquitoes are frequently found coexisting in similar habitats, enabling interactions between adults, such as cross-mating. the objective of this study was to assess cross-mating between ae. aegypti females and ae. albopictus males under artificial conditions and evaluate the locomotor activity of ae. aegypti virgin fem ...	0	24473799
infravec: research capacity for the implementation of genetic control of mosquitoes.	mosquitoes represent a major and global cause of human suffering due to the diseases they transmit. these include parasitic diseases, i.e. malaria and filariasis, and viral infections such as dengue, encephalitis, and yellow fever. the threat of mosquito-borne diseases is not limited to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. trade and climate changes have opened new niches to tropical vectors in temperate areas of the world, thus putting previously unaffected regions at risk of disease t ...	0	24428829
colour cues: effects of ipomoea plant extract on culex quinquefasciatus say gravid females in choosing oviposition site.	the interaction between plants and insects is dynamic, and may favour either the plant or the insect. plant chemicals are deeply implicated in this relationship and influence insect behaviour. here, we investigated the oviposition behaviour response of culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes based on the colour cues produced by ipomoea cairica leaves extract. in this study, two sets of oviposition choice experiments were conducted: (1) single solution in a cage; and (2) multiple concentration solution ...	0	27688853
developing antibodies from cholinesterase derived from prokaryotic expression and testing their feasibility for detecting immunogen content in daphnia magna.	to yield cholinesterase (che) from prokaryotic expression, the che gene that belongs to daphnia magna was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using forward primer 5'-cccyggngcsat gatgtg-3' and reverse primer 5'-gyaagttrgcccaatatct-3'. to express the gene, one sequence of the amplified dna, which was able to encode a putative protein containing two conserved carboxylesterase domains, was connected to the prokaryotic expression vector pet-29a(+). the recombinant v ...	0	26834012
draft genome sequences of enterobacter sp. isolate ag1 from the midgut of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae.	an isolate of enterobacter sp. was obtained from the microbial community within the gut of the anopheles gambiae mosquito, a major malaria vector in africa. this genome was sequenced and annotated. the genome sequences will facilitate subsequent efforts to characterize the mosquito gut microbiome.	0	22965099
larvicidal and irritant activities of hexane leaf extracts of citrus sinensis against dengue vector aedes aegypti l.	to assess the larvicidal and irritant activities of the hexane extracts of leaves of citrus sinensis (c. sinensis) against the early fourth instars and female adults of aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti).	0	23569887
establishment of aedes japonicus japonicus and its colonization of container habitats in michigan.	oviposition dynamics and colonization of container habitats by the invasive species, aedes (finlaya) japonicus japonicus (theobald) were examined through the use of ovistrips placed in buckets, and larval surveys of tree holes and tires at sites in central michigan. in general, oviposition and colonization increased during the study periods, with several sites showing large increases from <10% ae. j. japonicus initially to over 60% in the following years. seasonally, higher proportions of ae. j. ...	0	23270158
neuropeptidomics of the mosquito aedes aegypti.	neuropeptidomic data were collected on the mosquito ae. aegypti, which is considered the most tractable mosquito species for physiological and endocrine studies. the data were solely obtained by direct mass spectrometric profiling, including tandem fragmentation, of selected tissues from single specimens, which yielded a largely complete accounting of the putative bioactive neuropeptides; truncated neuropeptides with low abundance were not counted as mature peptides. differential processing with ...	0	20163154
pathogenicity tests on nine mosquito species and several non-target organisms with strelkovimermis spiculatus (nemata mermithidae).	nine species of mosquitoes and several species of non-target aquatic organisms were tested for susceptibility to the mernaithid nematode, strelkovimermis spiculatus. all species of anopheles, aedes, culex, and toxorhynchites exposed to s. spiculatus were susceptible. of the nine mosquito species tested, c. pipiens quinquefasciatus had the greatest tolerance to initial invasion and the highest percent infection of those that survived. high levels of infection were also achieved with aedes taenior ...	0	19274233
mosquito (aedes aegypti) flight tones: frequency, harmonicity, spherical spreading, and phase relationships.	mosquito flight produces a tone as a side effect of wing movement; this tone is also a communication signal that is frequency-modulated during courtship. recordings of tones produced by tethered flying male and female aedes aegypti were undertaken using pairs of pressure-gradient microphones above and below, ahead and behind, and to the left and right over a range of distances. fundamental frequencies were close to those previously reported, although amplitudes were lower. the male fundamental f ...	0	25234901
evolutionary genomics of culex pipiens: global and local adaptations associated with climate, life-history traits and anthropogenic factors.	we present the first genome-wide study of recent evolution in culex pipiens species complex focusing on the genomic extent, functional targets and likely causes of global and local adaptations. we resequenced pooled samples of six populations of c. pipiens and two populations of the outgroup culex torrentium. we used principal component analysis to systematically study differential natural selection across populations and developed a phylogenetic scanning method to analyse admixture without hapl ...	0	26085592
how humans drive speciation as well as extinction.	a central topic for conservation science is evaluating how human activities influence global species diversity. humanity exacerbates extinction rates. but by what mechanisms does humanity drive the emergence of new species? we review human-mediated speciation, compare speciation and known extinctions, and discuss the challenges of using net species diversity as a conservation objective. humans drive rapid evolution through relocation, domestication, hunting and novel ecosystem creation-and emerg ...	0	27358365
sterile-insect methods for control of mosquito-borne diseases: an analysis.	effective vector control, and more specifically mosquito control, is a complex and difficult problem, as illustrated by the continuing prevalence (and spread) of mosquito-transmitted diseases. the sterile insect technique and similar methods control certain agricultural insect pest populations in a species-specific, environmentally sound, and effective manner; there is increased interest in applying this approach to vector control. such an approach, like all others in use and development, is not ...	0	19725763
functional classification and central nervous projections of olfactory receptor neurons housed in antennal trichoid sensilla of female yellow fever mosquitoes, aedes aegypti.	mosquitoes are highly dependent on their olfactory system for, e.g. host location and identification of nectar-feeding and oviposition sites. odours are detected by olfactory receptor neurons (orns) housed in hair-shaped structures, sensilla, on the antennae and maxillary palps. in order to unravel the function of the olfactory system in the yellow fever vector, aedes aegypti, we performed single-sensillum recordings from trichoid sensilla on female antennae. these sensilla are divided into four ...	0	17880395
host penetration and emergence patterns of the mosquito-parasitic mermithids romanomermis iyengari and strelkovimermis spiculatus (nematoda: mermithidae).	romanomermis iyengari and strelkovimermis spiculatus are mermithid nematodes that parasitize mosquito larvae. we describe host penetration and emergence patterns of romanomermis iyengari and strelkovimermis spiculatus in laboratory exposures against culex pipiens pipiens larvae. the mermithid species differed in host penetration behavior, with r. iyengari juveniles attaching to the host integument before assuming a rigid penetration posture at the lateral thorax (66.7%) or abdominal segments v t ...	0	23589657
big data: the future of biocuration.		0	18769432
the emergence of french medical entomology: the influence of universities, the institut pasteur and military physicians (1890-c.1938).		0	18641790
bioactivity of indigenous medicinal plants against the cotton whitefly, bemisia tabaci.	forty-one methanol extracts of 28 indigenous medicinal plant species were tested for their insecticidal bioactivity against cotton whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), adults and second nymphal instars under controlled conditions. this study is within a bioprospection context, in the form of utilizing local plant species as an alternative in sustainable agriculture development. eighteen and nine plant extracts caused a significant decrease in number of live adult and ny ...	0	25204756
acetylcholinesterase genes within the diptera: takeover and loss in true flies.	it has recently been reported that the synaptic acetylcholinesterase (ache) in mosquitoes is encoded by the ace-1 gene, distinct and divergent from the ace-2 gene, which performs this function in drosophila. this is an unprecedented situation within the diptera order because both ace genes derive from an old duplication and are present in most insects and arthropods. nevertheless, drosophila possesses only the ace-2 gene. thus, a secondary loss occurred during the evolution of diptera, implying ...	0	17002944
a new theory for the evolution of polyandry as a means of inbreeding avoidance.	we propose a novel theory for the evolution of polyandry driven by genetic benefits to females whose offspring interbreed. in species with an ecology characterized by frequent colonization of new habitat patches, consanguineous matings may be common during the early stages of colonization, but genetic diversity may grow as new colonizers arrive. we show that with levels of inbreeding depression similar to those found in predominantly inbreeding populations, a polyandrous female can benefit her d ...	0	17785268
identification, characterization, and expression of a novel p450 gene encoding cyp6ae25 from the asian corn borer, ostrinia furnacalis.	an allele of the cytochrome p450 gene, cyp6ae14, named cyp6ae25 (genbank accession no. eu807990) was isolated from the asian com borer, ostrinia fumacalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) by rt-pcr. the cdna sequence of cyp6ae25 is 2315 bp in length and contains a 1569 nucleotides open reading frame encoding a putative protein with 523 amino acid residues and a predicted molecular weight of 59.95 kda and a theoretical pi of 8.31. the putative protein contains the classic heme-binding sequence m ...	0	21529257
behavioural responses of larval container mosquitoes to a size-selective predator.	the hypothesis that size-selective predation and species-specific prey behaviours facilitate the coexistence between larvae of invasive aedes albopictus (skuse) and u.s.a.-native ochlerotatus triseriatus (say) was tested experimentally with the predator corethrella appendiculata (grabham).larval behaviours associated with a higher risk of predation were identified, and prey behavioural responses were tested in either the physical presence of predators or in water containing predation cues. larva ...	0	18185841
a behavioral mechanism underlying ecological divergence in the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae.	disruptive selection mediated by predation on aquatic immature stages has been proposed as a major force driving ecological divergence and fostering speciation between the m and s molecular forms of the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. in the dry savannahs of west africa where both molecular forms co-occur, the s form thrives in temporary pools filled with rainwater, whereas the m form preferentially breeds in permanent freshwater habitats where predator pressure is higher. here, we ...	0	22476108
purification and studies on characteristics of cholinesterases from daphnia magna.	due to their significant value in both economy and ecology, daphnia had long been employed to investigate in vivo response of cholinesterase (che) in anticholinesterase exposures, whereas the type constitution and property of the enzyme remained unclear. a type of che was purified from daphnia magna using a three-step procedure, i.e., triton x-100 extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and diethylaminoethyl (deae)-sepharose™-fast-flow chromatography. according to sodium dodecyl sulfate poly ...	0	23549850
insights into the preservation of the homomorphic sex-determining chromosome of aedes aegypti from the discovery of a male-biased gene tightly linked to the m-locus.	the preservation of a homomorphic sex-determining chromosome in some organisms without transformation into a heteromorphic sex chromosome is a long-standing enigma in evolutionary biology. a dominant sex-determining locus (or m-locus) in an undifferentiated homomorphic chromosome confers the male phenotype in the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. genetic evidence suggests that the m-locus is in a nonrecombining region. however, the molecular nature of the m-locus has not been characterized. u ...	0	24398378
cell biological analysis of mosquito midgut invasion: the defensive role of the actin-based ookinete hood.	successful completion of the plasmodium lifecycle in the mosquito vector is critical for malaria transmission. it has been documented that the fate of plasmodium in the mosquito ultimately depends on a fine interplay of molecular mosquito factors that act as parasite agonists and antagonists. here we investigate whether the cellular responses of the invaded midgut epithelium can also determine the parasite fate and development. we show that the parasite hood, an actin-rich structure formed aroun ...	0	24428832
a phylogenetic study of drosophila splicing assembly chaperone rnp-4f associated u4-/u6-snrna secondary structure.	the rnp-4f gene in drosophila melanogaster encodes nuclear protein rnp-4f. this encoded protein is represented by homologs in other eukaryotic species, where it has been shown to function as an intron splicing assembly factor. here, rnp-4f is believed to initially bind to a recognition sequence on u6-snrna, serving as a chaperone to facilitate its association with u4-snrna by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. rna conformations are a key factor in spliceosome function, so that elucidation of chang ...	0	25419488
the genome of mesobuthus martensii reveals a unique adaptation model of arthropods.	representing a basal branch of arachnids, scorpions are known as 'living fossils' that maintain an ancient anatomy and are adapted to have survived extreme climate changes. here we report the genome sequence of mesobuthus martensii, containing 32,016 protein-coding genes, the most among sequenced arthropods. although m. martensii appears to evolve conservatively, it has a greater gene family turnover than the insects that have undergone diverse morphological and physiological changes, suggesting ...	0	24129506
the significance of ratios of detritus types and micro-organism productivity to competitive interactions between aquatic insect detritivores.	investigations of competitive interactions emphasize non-detrital resources, even though detritus is a major component of most food webs. studies of competing species focus usually on single resource types, although consumers in nature are likely to encounter mixtures of resource types that may affect whether competition results in exclusion or coexistence. the invasive mosquito aedes albopictus is capable of excluding the native mosquito ochlerotatus triseriatus in competition for single detrit ...	0	17922707
infections with the microbe cardinium in the dolichopodidae and other empidoidea.	maternally transmitted reproductive parasites such as wolbachia and cardinium can drastically reshape reproduction in their hosts. beyond skewing sex ratios towards females, these microbes can also cause cytoplasmic incompatibility. wolbachia probably infects two thirds of insects, but far less is known about the occurrence or action of other bacteria with potentially similar effects. in contrast with the two more widespread reproductive parasites, wolbachia and spiroplasma, far less is known of ...	0	23909372
purification and characterization of recombinant lipid storage protein-2 from drosophila melanogaster.	lipid storage protein 2 (lsd 2) is a conserved insect protein that belongs to the small pat family of proteins. pat proteins are found associated to the lipid droplets of adipocytes and play significant roles in the regulation of triacylglycerides metabolism. here we describe the expression and purification of lsd2, its reconstitution in lipoprotein particles, the location of putative lipid binding sites and its secondary structure. this study provides the starting point for future studies on th ...	0	18991782
transgenerational effect of infection in plasmodium-infected mosquitoes.	transgenerational effects of infection have a huge potential to influence the prevalence and intensity of infections in vectors and, by extension, disease epidemiology. these transgenerational effects may increase the fitness of offspring through the transfer of protective immune factors. alternatively, however, infected mothers may transfer the costs of infection to their offspring. although transgenerational immune protection has been described in a dozen invertebrate species, we still lack a ...	0	25762571
histone recognition and nuclear receptor co-activator functions of drosophila cara mitad, a homolog of the n-terminal portion of mammalian mll2 and mll3.	mll2 and mll3 histone lysine methyltransferases are conserved components of compass-like co-activator complexes. in vertebrates, the paralogous mll2 and mll3 contain multiple domains required for epigenetic reading and writing of the histone code involved in hormone-stimulated gene programming, including receptor-binding motifs, set methyltransferase, hmg and phd domains. the genes encoding mll2 and mll3 arose from a common ancestor. phylogenetic analyses reveal that the ancestral gene underwent ...	0	22569554
whole-genome sequence of wolbachia strain walbb, an endosymbiont of tiger mosquito vector aedes albopictus.	although bacteria of the genus wolbachia induced significant extended phenotypes to infected hosts, most molecular mechanisms involved are still unknown. to gain insight into the bacterial genetic determinants, we sequenced the whole genome of wolbachia walbb strain, a commensal obligate intracellular of the tiger mosquito aedes albopictus.	0	22408242
anopheles nf-κb-regulated splicing factors direct pathogen-specific repertoires of the hypervariable pattern recognition receptor agdscam.	insects rely on innate immune responses controlled by the immune deficiency (imd), toll, and other immune signaling pathways to combat infection by a broad spectrum of pathogens. these pathways signal to downstream nf-κb family transcription factors that control specific antipathogen action via direct transcriptional control of immune effectors, hematopoiesis, and melanization. here we show that in the anopheles malaria vector, imd and toll pathways mediate species-specific defenses against plas ...	0	23084919
pyrethroid resistance in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus from port-au-prince, haiti.	in port-au-prince, haiti, the status of insecticide resistance has not recently been evaluated for aedes aegypti (l) and aedes albopictus (skuse) populations. no prophylactics exist for dengue, so prevention is only through vector control methods. an earthquake occurred in haiti on january 12, 2010, with a magnitude of 7.0 mw that devastated the area. dengue became a major concern for the humanitarian relief workers that entered the country. bottle bioassays were conducted in the field on adult ...	0	23181855
the harmonic convergence of fathers predicts the mating success of sons in aedes aegypti.	during courtship males often communicate information about their fitness to females. the matching of harmonic components of flight tone in male-female pairs of flying mosquitoes, or harmonic convergence, was recently described. this behaviour occurs prior to mating and has been suggested to function in mate selection. we investigated the hypothesis that harmonic convergence is a component of mosquito courtship. a key prediction of this hypothesis is that harmonic convergence should provide infor ...	0	22003255
behavioral observations and sound recordings of free-flight mating swarms of ae. aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in thailand.	sound plays an important role in the mating behavior of mosquitoes, including aedes aegypti (l). males orient to the fundamental wing beat frequency of females, and both sexes actively modulate their flight tone before mating to converge at harmonic frequencies. the majority of studies on mosquito mating acoustics have been conducted in the laboratory using tethered individuals. in this study, we present the first free-flight recording of naturally forming ae. aegypti swarms in thailand. we desc ...	0	21845959
direct targets of the d. melanogaster dsxf protein and the evolution of sexual development.	uncovering the direct regulatory targets of doublesex (dsx) and fruitless (fru) is crucial for an understanding of how they regulate sexual development, morphogenesis, differentiation and adult functions (including behavior) in drosophila melanogaster. using a modified damid approach, we identified 650 dsx-binding regions in the genome from which we then extracted an optimal palindromic 13 bp dsx-binding sequence. this sequence is functional in vivo, and the base identity at each position is imp ...	0	21652649
molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a novel p450 gene encoding cyp345d3 from the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum.	a novel cdna clone encoding a cytochrome p450 gene has been isolated from the insecticide-susceptible strain of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). the nucleotide sequence of the clone, designated cyp345d3, was determined. the cdna is 1554 bp in length and contains an open reading frame from base pairs 32 to 1513, encoding a protein of 493 amino acid residues and a predicted molecular weight of 57466 daltons. the putative protein contains the classic h ...	0	20331399
novel sodium channel gene mutations in blattella germanica reduce the sensitivity of expressed channels to deltamethrin.	pyrethroid insecticides alter the normal gating of voltage-gated sodium channels in the nervous system. three sodium channel mutations (e434k, c764r, l993f) were recently identified in pyrethroid resistant german cockroach populations. in this report, we show that the l993f mutation decreased sodium channel sensitivity to the pyrethroid, deltamethrin, by five-fold in xenopus oocytes. in contrast, neither e434k nor c764r alone decreased channel sensitivity to deltamethrin. however, e434k or c764r ...	0	11886779
insecticide exposure impacts vector-parasite interactions in insecticide-resistant malaria vectors.	currently, there is a strong trend towards increasing insecticide-based vector control coverage in malaria endemic countries. the ecological consequence of insecticide applications has been mainly studied regarding the selection of resistance mechanisms; however, little is known about their impact on vector competence in mosquitoes responsible for malaria transmission. as they have limited toxicity to mosquitoes owing to the selection of resistance mechanisms, insecticides may also interact with ...	0	24850924
modifying the nss gene to improve live-attenuated vaccine for rift valley fever.		0	23249225
activation of drosophila sodium channels promotes modification by deltamethrin. reductions in affinity caused by knock-down resistance mutations.	kdr and super-kdr are mutations in houseflies and other insects that confer 30- and 500-fold resistance to the pyrethroid deltamethrin. they correspond to single (l1014f) and double (l1014f+m918t) mutations in segment iis6 and linker ii(s4-s5) of na channels. we expressed drosophila para na channels with and without these mutations and characterized their modification by deltamethrin. all wild-type channels can be modified by <10 nm deltamethrin, but high affinity binding requires channel openin ...	0	10694259
comparison of biochemical and molecular tests for detecting insecticide resistance due to insensitive acetylcholinesterase in culex quinquefasciatus.	insecticide resistance to organophosphates and carbamates can be the result of changes in acetylcholinesterase activity conferred by the ace-1 mutation. detection of this altered target site mutation is important in guiding informed decisions for resistance management. in this study we compared a competitive enzyme assay with a polymerase chain reaction assay utilizing a restriction enzyme. both assays detected the ace-1 mutation in culex quinquefasciatus and agreement was 100%. the costs and be ...	0	23393758
daily rhythms in antennal protein and olfactory sensitivity in the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae.	we recently characterized 24-hr daily rhythmic patterns of gene expression in anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. these include numerous odorant binding proteins (obps), soluble odorant carrying proteins enriched in olfactory organs. here we demonstrate that multiple rhythmically expressed genes including obps and takeout proteins, involved in regulating blood feeding behavior, have corresponding rhythmic protein levels as measured by quantitative proteomics. this includes agamobp1, previously shown a ...	0	23986098
a review on balanites aegyptiaca del (desert date): phytochemical constituents, traditional uses, and pharmacological activity.	balanites aegyptiaca del. (zygophyllaceae), known as 'desert date,' is spiny shrub or tree up to l0 m tall, widely distributed in dry land areas of africa and south asia. it is traditionally used in treatment of various ailments i.e. jaundice, intestinal worm infection, wounds, malaria, syphilis, epilepsy, dysentery, constipation, diarrhea, hemorrhoid, stomach aches, asthma, and fever. it contains protein, lipid, carbohydrate, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, and organic acid. present review summar ...	0	22096319
an updated review on phytochemical properties of "golden dewdrop" duranta erecta.	duranta erecta (family: verbenaceae) commonly referred to golden dewdrop, pigeon berry, angel whisper, or skyflower is one of the traditional medicinal plants. it has been shown to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticide properties. its phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids are reported as the basis of its efficacious therapeutic properties. the other important constituents which contribute to the remedial ...	0	28082794
heterochromatin-associated interactions of drosophila hp1a with dadd1, hipp1, and repetitive rnas.	heterochromatin protein 1 (hp1a) has conserved roles in gene silencing and heterochromatin and is also implicated in transcription, dna replication, and repair. here we identify chromatin-associated protein and rna interactions of hp1a by biotap-xl mass spectrometry and sequencing from drosophila s2 cells, embryos, larvae, and adults. our results reveal an extensive list of known and novel hp1a-interacting proteins, of which we selected three for validation. a strong novel interactor, dadd1 (dro ...	0	24990964
avian malaria: a new lease of life for an old experimental model to study the evolutionary ecology of plasmodium.	avian malaria has historically played an important role as a model in the study of human malaria, being a stimulus for the development of medical parasitology. avian malaria has recently come back to the research scene as a unique animal model to understand the ecology and evolution of the disease, both in the field and in the laboratory. avian malaria is highly prevalent in birds and mosquitoes around the world and is amenable to laboratory experimentation at each stage of the parasite's life c ...	0	26150666
a statistical model of rift valley fever activity in egypt.	rift valley fever (rvf) is a viral disease of animals and humans and a global public health concern due to its ecological plasticity, adaptivity, and potential for spread to countries with a temperate climate. in many places, outbreaks are episodic and linked to climatic, hydrologic, and socioeconomic factors. although outbreaks of rvf have occurred in egypt since 1977, attempts to identify risk factors have been limited. using a statistical learning approach (lasso-regularized generalized linea ...	0	24581353
plasmodium infection brings forward mosquito oviposition.	invertebrate hosts often bring forward their reproductive effort in response to a parasitic infection. this is widely interpreted as a host-driven response aimed at compensating for the expected losses in future fitness as a result of parasitism. here we report that mosquitoes bring forward their oviposition schedule when they are infected with plasmodium, a parasite known to severely curtail mosquito fecundity. this response could aim at compensating for a negative time-dependent effect of the ...	0	25788485
lagenidium giganteum pathogenicity in mammals.	infections of mammals by species in the phylum oomycota taxonomically and molecularly similar to known lagenidium giganteum strains have increased. during 2013-2014, we conducted a phylogenetic study of 21 mammalian lagenidium isolates; we found that 11 cannot be differentiated from l. giganteum strains that the us environmental protection agency approved for biological control of mosquitoes; these strains were later unregistered and are no longer available. l. giganteum strains pathogenic to ma ...	0	25625190
canine heartworm in southeastern of iran with review of disease distribution.	heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) is mosquito-borne filarial nematode capable of causing serious cardiopulmonary disease in canines and felines, and pulmonary dirofilariasis in man. this research was conducted with the objectives of determining the incidence and assessing possible risk factors of canine heartworm in the southeast of iran.	0	25759738
altered differential hemocyte count in 3rd instar larvae of drosophila melanogaster as a response to chronic exposure of acephate.	acephate, an organophosphate (op) pesticide, was used to investigate the effects of its chronic exposure on hemocyte abundance in a non-target dipteran insect drosophila melanogaster. for this purpose, six graded concentrations ranging from 1 to 6 μg/ml were selected, which are below the reported residual values (up to 14 μg/ml) of the chemical. 1(st) instar larvae were fed with these concentrations up to the 3(rd) instar stage and accordingly hemolymph smears from these larvae were prepared for ...	0	27486365
the expanding implications of polyploidy.	polyploid cells, which contain more than two genome copies, occur throughout nature. beyond well-established roles in increasing cell size/metabolic output, polyploidy can also promote nonuniform genome, transcriptome, and metabolome alterations. polyploidy also frequently confers resistance to environmental stresses not tolerated by diploid cells. recent progress has begun to unravel how this fascinating phenomenon contributes to normal physiology and disease.	0	26008741
pharmacological and therapeutic effects of mentha longifolia l. and its main constituent, menthol.	mentha longifolia (wild mint) is a popular folk remedy. some parts of this plant have been used in traditional medicine of iran and other countries. many studies have shown various pharmacological and therapeutic effects of the plant. our aim in preparing this study was to review the traditional uses of m. longifolia together with the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of its entire extract and major compounds. mentha longifolia is an herb with a wide range of pharmacological properties suc ...	0	25284948
species-specific pcr to describe local-scale distributions of four cryptic species in the penicillium chrysogenum complex.	penicillium chrysogenum is a ubiquitous airborne fungus detected in every sampled region of the earth. owing to its role in alexander fleming's serendipitous discovery of penicillin in 1928, the fungus has generated widespread scientific interest; however its natural history is not well understood. research has demonstrated speciation within p. chrysogenum, describing the existence of four cryptic species. to discriminate the four species, we developed protocols for species-specific diagnostic p ...	0	24179477
orthobunyavirus antibodies among humans in selected parts of the rift valley and northeastern kenya.	ngari, bunyamwera, ilesha, and germiston viruses are among the mosquito-borne human pathogens in the orthobunyavirus genus, family bunyaviridae, associated with febrile illness. although the four orthobunyaviruses have been isolated from mosquito and/or tick vectors sampled from different geographic regions in kenya, little is known of human exposure in such areas. we conducted a serologic investigation to determine whether orthobunyaviruses commonly infect humans in kenya. orthobunyavirus-speci ...	0	25988444
drosophila neurotrophins reveal a common mechanism for nervous system formation.	neurotrophic interactions occur in drosophila, but to date, no neurotrophic factor had been found. neurotrophins are the main vertebrate secreted signalling molecules that link nervous system structure and function: they regulate neuronal survival, targeting, synaptic plasticity, memory and cognition. we have identified a neurotrophic factor in flies, drosophila neurotrophin (dnt1), structurally related to all known neurotrophins and highly conserved in insects. by investigating with genetics th ...	0	19018662
screening the biosphere: the fungicolous fungus trichoderma phellinicola, a prolific source of hypophellins, new 17-, 18-, 19-, and 20-residue peptaibiotics.	to investigate the significance of antibiotics for the producing organism(s) in the natural habitat, we screened a specimen of the fungicolous fungus trichoderma phellinicola (syn. hypocrea phellinicola) growing on its natural host phellinus ferruginosus. results revealed that a particular group of non-ribosomal antibiotic polypeptides, peptaibiotics, which contain the non-proteinogenic marker amino acid, α-aminoisobutyric acid, was biosynthesized in the natural habitat by the fungicolous produc ...	0	23681726
growth and reproductive performance by different feed types in fresh water angelfish (pterophyllum scalare schultze, 1823).	it is well established that reproduction is sensitive to the state of energy reserves, and that there is a balance between energy homeostasis and fertility. in this view, this study examined the effects of different diets on growth and reproductive performance of fresh water angelfish. twenty four pairs of angelfish (weighing 3.58 ± 0.24 g) were fed with four types of diets including live earth worm (lew), dried tubifex (dt), dried gammarus (dg) and prepared granulated feed (pgf), twice a day fo ...	0	25610565
the (in)dependence of alternative splicing and gene duplication.	alternative splicing (as) and gene duplication (gd) both are processes that diversify the protein repertoire. recent examples have shown that sequence changes introduced by as may be comparable to those introduced by gd. in addition, the two processes are inversely correlated at the genomic scale: large gene families are depleted in splice variants and vice versa. all together, these data strongly suggest that both phenomena result in interchangeability between their effects. here, we tested the ...	0	17335345
strong association between a single gene and fertilization efficiency of males and fecundity of their mates in the bulb mite.	although variation in male fertilization efficiency has been shown to have a genetic basis in several species, the genes responsible for the effect are generally unknown. here, we show a strong association between the fertilization success of males and their phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (pgdh) genotype in the bulb mite rhizoglyphus robini. males homozygous for the slow (s) allele fathered a significantly greater proportion of offspring when competing with males homozygous for the fast (f) alle ...	0	16543173
satellite remote sensing can improve chances of achieving sustainable health.		0	15687039
permeability of the body wall of romanomermis culicivorax to lanthanum.	ultrastructural study of the body wall of preparasitic, parasitic, and postparasitic stages of romanomermis culicivorax showed that the cuticle of all three stages was permeable to lanthanum. the cuticle of the parasitic stage was the thinnest and showed the greatest permeability. lanthanum accumulated on the apical surfaces of the hypodermal cells but was not found intracellularly. the negative staining characteristics of lanthanum enhanced the detection of numerous smooth septate junctions in ...	0	19294092
[not available].		0	22879187
oxygen and the infectivity of romanomermis culicivorax.	the effects on itffectivity by preparasitic romanomermis culicivorax resulting from four exposure times to four concentrations of oxygen at three temperatures were studied . low oxygen (1.8 and 3.1 mg /liter) slowed losses of infectivity. losses of infectivity were similar under aerobic (6 mg /liter) and microaerobic (0.4 mg /liter) conditions for the first 24 h but thereafter were slower in the microaerobic group. n interactions between temperature and oxygen were found over the ranges tested ( ...	0	19305823
using population genomics to detect selection in natural populations: key concepts and methodological considerations.	natural selection shapes patterns of genetic variation among individuals, populations, and species, and it does so differentially across genomes. the field of population genomics provides a comprehensive genome-scale view of the action of selection, even beyond traditional model organisms. however, even with nearly complete genomic sequence information, our ability to detect the signature of selection on specific genomic regions depends on choosing experimental and analytical tools appropriate t ...	0	21218185
stage-specific effects of population density on the development and fertility of the western tarnished plant bug, lygus hesperus.	the western tarnished plant bug lygus hesperus knight (heteroptera: miridae), a major pest of cotton and other key economic crops, was tested for its sensitivity to population density during nymph and adult stages. nymphs reared to adulthood under increasing densities in laboratory conditions exhibited incremental delays in maturation, heightened mortality rates, and reductions in body mass and various size parameters. in contrast, gonadal activity in both males and females rose with initial den ...	0	20572784
uk watchdog issues guidelines to combat medical research fraud.		0	10480813
dependence of macroscopic wetting on nanoscopic surface textures.	the hydrophobicity of a surface can be enhanced by physical textures. however, no existing theories of surface wetting can provide guidance to pinpoint the texture size requirement to achieve super/ultrahydrophobicity. here, we show that the three-phase contact line tension, tau, is an important link to understand the dependence of macroscopic wetting on physical texture size in an ideal cassie regime. specifically, we show that texture size is the dominant parameter in determining surface hydro ...	0	19842620
early development of mushroom bodies in the brain of the honeybee apis mellifera as revealed by brdu incorporation and ablation experiments.	in the honeybee the mushroom bodies are prominent neuropil structures arranged as pairs in the dorsal protocerebrum of the brain. each mushroom body is composed of a medial and a lateral subunit. to understand their development, the proliferation pattern of mushroom body intrinsic cells, the kenyon cells, were examined during larval and pupal stages using the bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) technique and chemical ablation with hydroxyurea. by larval stage 1, approximately 40 neuroblasts are located in ...	0	10454374
the organization of extrinsic neurons and their implications in the functional roles of the mushroom bodies in drosophila melanogaster meigen.	although the importance of the drosophila mushroom body in olfactory learning and memory has been stressed, virtually nothing is known about the brain regions to which it is connected. using golgi and gal4-uas techniques, we performed the first systematic attempt to reveal the anatomy of its extrinsic neurons. a novel presynaptic reporter construct, uas-neuronal synaptobrevin-green fluorescent protein (n-syb-gfp), was used to reveal the direction of information in the gal4-labeled neurons. our r ...	0	10454372
testing for causality in covarying traits: genes and latitude in a molecular world.	many traits are assumed to have a causal (necessary) relationship with one another because of their common covariation with a physiological, ecological or geographical factor. herein, we demonstrate a straightforward test for inferring causality using residuals from regression of the traits with the common factor. we illustrate this test using the covariation with latitude of a proxy for the circadian clock and a proxy for the photoperiodic timer in drosophila and salmon. a negative result of th ...	0	21595769
animal escapology i: theoretical issues and emerging trends in escape trajectories.	escape responses are used by many animal species as their main defence against predator attacks. escape success is determined by a number of variables; important are the directionality (the percentage of responses directed away from the threat) and the escape trajectories (ets) measured relative to the threat. although logic would suggest that animals should always turn away from a predator, work on various species shows that these away responses occur only approximately 50-90% of the time. a sm ...	0	21753039
animal escapology ii: escape trajectory case studies.	escape trajectories (ets; measured as the angle relative to the direction of the threat) have been studied in many taxa using a variety of methodologies and definitions. here, we provide a review of methodological issues followed by a survey of et studies across animal taxa, including insects, crustaceans, molluscs, lizards, fish, amphibians, birds and mammals. variability in ets is examined in terms of ecological significance and morpho-physiological constraints. the survey shows that certain e ...	0	21753040
polymer nanoparticles containing essential oils: new options for mosquito control.	mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are vectors of important parasites and pathogens causing death, poverty and social disability worldwide. the overuse of synthetic insecticides to control mosquito vectors lead to resistance, adverse environmental effects and high operational costs. therefore, the development of eco-friendly control tools is an important public health challenge. in this study, two different essential oils (eo) (geranium, geranium maculatum, and bergamot, citrus bergamia) loaded pol ...	0	28580545
notes on the life history of anopheles punctipennis and on the egg-laying of culex pipiens.		1901	17737039
preliminary note on the life cycle of a species of herpetomonas found in culex pipiens.		1907	20763364
experiments on insect transmission of the virus of poliomyelitis.	the domestic fly (musca domestica) can carry the virus of poliomyelitis in an active state for several days upon the surface of the body and for several hours within the gastro-intestinal tract. mosquitos (culex pipiens, culex sollicitans, and culex cantator), in our experiments, have not taken up and maintained in a living state the virus from the spinal cord of monkeys. lice (pediculus capitis and pediculus vestimenti) have not taken the virus out of the blood of monkeys or maintained it in a ...	1912	19867617
the effect of temperature on the life cycle of musca domestica and culex pipiens.		1915	17742442
the relation of mosquitoes and flies to the epidemiology of acute poliomyelitis.	1. culex pipiens raised from the larval stage in water experimentally contaminated with an abundance of poliomyelitic virus were found to be incapable of causing the infection when allowed in large numbers to bite normal macacus monkeys. 2. culex pipiens which were fed on infected poloimyelitic monkeys during different stages of the disease were found to be incapable of transmitting the infection when allowed in large numbers to bite normal macacus monkeys. a previous disturbance of the meninges ...	1917	19868134
comparative studies of herpetomonads and leishmanias : i. cultivation of herpetomonads from insects and plants.	nine strains of herpetomonads have been isolated in pure culture from eight varieties of insects, and three strains from two species of plants. four of the cultures were derived from latex-feeding insects (oncopeltus fasciatus, oncopeltus sp. ?, lygaeus kalmii) and three from latex plants (asclepias syriaca, asclepias nivea), two from mosquitoes (culex pipiens and anopheles quadrimaculatus), one from the house fly (musca domestica), and two from bluebottle flies. in addition impure cultures have ...	1926	19869186
a simple feeding device for culex pipiens in avian malaria studies.		1938	17737023
laboratory transmission of st. louis encephalitis virus by three genera of mosquitoes.	1. st. louis virus has been successfully transmitted in the laboratory by the following 9 species of mosquitoes from 3 genera: culex tarsalis, culex pipiens, culex coronator, aedes lateralis, aedes taeniorhynchus, aedes vexans, aedes nigromaculis, theobaldia incidens, and theobaldia inornata. 2. though transmission has not been demonstrated, survival of the virus for more than a few days was shown to occur in culex quinquefasciatus, culex stigmatosoma, psorophora ciliata, and anopheles maculipen ...	1943	19871325
laboratory transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis virus by mosquitoes of the genera culex and culiseta.	1. western equine virus has been successfully transmitted in the laboratory by 3 species of mosquitoes from 2 genera not previously reported as laboratory vectors: culex tarsalis, culiseta inornata, and culiseta incidens. 2. though transmission was not demonstrated, survival of the virus for more than a few days was shown to occur in culex stigmatosoma and psorophora confinnis. possibly transmission occurred by the former. 3. in experiments with culex tarsalis, infection of the mosquitoes occurr ...	1943	19871339