Publications

density effect on survival of immature stages of culex pipiens fatigans in breeding sites in delhi villages.		1976	987020
chemically defined dietary media for larvae of the mosquito culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae): effects of colloid texturizers.		1976	1011231
the inheritance of pigmented-paddle (du2) in culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae).		1976	1011238
the anthropophilism rate in mosquito culex pipiens pipiens l., 1758 (diptera, culicidae) in the area of human settlements on the gdańsk coast.		1976	1014684
dominant-and-recessive epistasis in a homeotic mosquito mutant.	following selection for 15 generations a pure strain of a homeotic mutant spur was isolated from a brazilian population of the mosquito culex pipiens fatigans. monohybrid crosses showed a 13:3 segregation indicating dominant-and-recessive epistasis for wild-type vs. spur. this implies that a dominant allele at one locus and a recessive at the other interact to produce the mutant phenotype. dihybrid crosses with linkage group ii markers yellow and ruby gave 39:13:9:3 ratios indicating independent ...	1976	1022329
[trials of altozid sr-10 drug with juvenile activity against mosquitoes, culex pipiens pipiens l].		1976	1023035
[effect of the streptothricin group on bloodsucking mosquitoes. 3. residual effect of aqueous solutions of phytobacteriomycin on the larva of culex pipiens l].		1976	1024141
[detection of infusoria tetrahymena stegomyiae (keilin) in the larvae of culex pipiens molestus and aedes aegypti].		1976	1025470
control of culex pipiens fatigans(w) by the larvivorous fish poecillia reticulata and by removal of debris from the breeding habitat.	twice weekly removal of floating debris from two polluted ponds in bangkok resulted in 75% reduction of immature populations of c.p. fatigans for seven weeks. subsequent introduction of the guppy poecilia reticulata at 10 fish per m2 further reduced the aquatic population to 2% of the pretreatment level during 12 weeks. when debris removal was discontinued, partial recovery of the larval density was observed. when fish were introduced in a plot without prior debris removal, there was no reductio ...	1976	1027109
[ecology of culex pipiens fatigans larvae in an area of high endemicity of bancroftian filariasis (author's transl)].	culex pipiens fatigans in the main vector of bancroftian filariasis in the mayotte island (comores) where it imposes an important health problem. the breeding-sites of c. p. fatigans are either man-made (latrines, cesspools, various containers), or natural (polluted water of estuaries of some rivers). the man-made breeding-sites are not similarly distributed in the different localities of the island. their distribution varies according to the customs of the inhabitants, size and site of the comm ...	1975	1096384
pathogenesis of bacillus sphaericus strain ssii-1 infections in culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (equal to c. pipiens fatigans) larvae.		1975	1117164
the inheritance of melanotic larva in culex pipiens l.		1975	1123834
[genetics of yellow-larva and ruby-eye mutants in the mosquito culex pipiens fatigans in brazil (author's transl)].		1975	1153826
organophosphorus multiresistance in culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in california.		1975	1159164
seasonal changes in population structure of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae): study of an isolated population.		1975	1159738
trehalose of culex pipiens fatigans.	trehalose was found to occur in the mosquito, culex pipiens fatigans, to the extent of 23 to 49% of total free sugars in different developmental stages of the insect. induction of stress to the insects led to significant reduction in the trehalose of larvae and glucose of adults. the label from alpha,alpha'-u-14c-trehalose readily incorporated into lipids of the adults in which triglycerides seemed to undergo rapid turnover.	1975	1171775
interrelationships between selected meteorologic phenomena and immature stages of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say: study of an isolated population.		1975	1181434
the behaviour of a population of mosquitoes culex pipiens complex l. (diptera: culicidae) in human settlements in the conditions of the baltic coastal area near gdańsk.		1975	1203601
[biocoenetic regulation of the growth and development of culex pipiens pipiens (l.) larvae].		1975	1204432
male-linked translocations and the control of insect pest populations.	published data on an experimental release of culex pipiens carrying a male-linked translocation are re-examined and it is shown that the steady decline in translocation frequency after termination of releases agrees with theoretical expectations, because of the selective disadvantage of translocation heterozygote males. systems based on negative heterosis or meiotic drive are considered whereby it might be possible to prolong the population control which would be achieved by a short term release ...	1975	1204723
[study of the effect of antibiotics of the group of streptothricin on blood-sucking mosquitoes. i. the effect of phytobacteriomycin, polymycin and grisine on larvae of culex pipiens molestus forsk mosquitoes].		1975	1214722
[toxicity of insecticides for mosquito culex pipiens molestus f. larvae].		1975	1214741
genetics of eye-gap and maroon-eye mutants in the mosquito.	linkage analysis of two new eye mutants, eye-gap (e) and maroon-eye (mar), in the mosquito culex pipiens, is presented. both mutants are sex-linked, recessive, and demonstrate complete penetrance and high expressivity. the gene order is e-m-mar. the most representative map distances in e-m and m-mar segments are 17.7 and 26.1, respectively. our maroon-eye was isolated from belem, brazil and is allelic to another maroon-eye mutant isolated from lake charles, louisiana. however, while mar (lake ch ...	1975	1219058
structure-activity relationships of phosphorus amides in aedes aegypti and culex pipiens fatigans (diptera: culicidae).		1975	1223296
a new intersex in culex pipiens l. (diptera: culicidae). i. description.		1975	1223308
a new intersex in culex pipiens l. (diptera: culicidae). ii. inheritance.		1975	1223309
resistance of culex pipiens pipiens to ddt in northern iran, 1973.		1975	1242124
[a winter seasonal biotope of culex pipiens autogenicus].	the authors describe an epigeal winter seasonal biotope of "culex pipiens autogenicus. the biotope consists of the irrigation system of the large bervedere park of tunis city. during the cold and rainy season the irrigation system is abandoned. many water pools are formed in it in which c. pipiens and culiseta longiareolata multiply. in summer the operation of the irrigation system brings about the disparition of the nests of larvae. breeding performed from larvae collected in nature pointed out ...	1975	1243883
vector competence of mosquitoes as a marker to distinguish central american and mexican epizootic from enzootic strains of venezuelan encephalitis virus.	two epizootic strains of venezuelan encephalitis (ve) virus from central america and mexico were transmitted by a colonized epizootic vector mosquito, aedes taeniorhynchus, at higher rates than were two enzootic strains when the mosquitoes were infected by intrathroacic inoculation or feeding of virus. differences in transmission rates also occurred with colonized aedes aegypti, but were less marked. following intrathoracic inoculation of a. taeniorhynchus or a. aegypti, epizootic strains grew t ...	1976	1259093
[emergence of blood sucking mosquitoes culex pipiens in industrial sites].		1976	1264023
[artificial infection with entomopathogenic fungi of the genus coelomomyces iliensis of larvae of the blood sucking mosquito culex pipiens molestus under laboratory conditions].		1976	1264031
[observation on the effectiveness of repellent coating against mosquitoes].	the present paper reports on the effectiveness of a repellent coating for the first time. the repellent coating was made by combining deta (n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide) with slow-releasing reagent. with this coating employed in the laboratory against aedes aegypti, the rate of blood-sucking was 3.9-9.5% and the rate of protection was 88.9-95.3% for 1-720 days. during 1-77 days' field trial, the rpi (relative population index) was 0-8.98% in the day-time and 0.74-17.15 during the night-time agains ...	1992	1307278
distribution of split 5.8s ribosomal rna in diptera.	although the 5.8s ribosomal rna (rrna) of most eucaryotes consists of 155-170 nucleotides, in two dipterous species the 5.8s rrna consists of two pieces, 123 and 30 nucleotides in length. the distribution of split 5.8s rrna was studied in other diptera and the most closely related order siphonaptera to learn the origin of split 5.8s rrna. four species of mosquitoes, culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex pipiens molestus, aedes albopictus, anopheles sp. (culicidae) had a single 5.8s rrna consisting of a ...	1992	1343775
characterization and toxicity to mosquito larvae of four bacillus sphaericus strains isolated from brazilian soils.	four bacillus sphaericus strains, s1, s2, s5, and l2, isolated from brazilian soils, were found to be toxic to larvae of the mosquitoes culex pipiens and anopheles stephensi at a level similar to that of strain 2362 which is now used operationally. like strain 2362, the four strains belonged to the serotype h5 and produced major proteins of apparent molecular weights of 125, 110, 56, and 43 kda. these latter two proteins were immunologically related to toxins of the same molecular weight as b. s ...	1992	1352318
host range of clostridium bifermentans serovar. malaysia, a mosquitocidal anaerobic bacterium.	clostridium bifermentans serovar. malaysia (c.b.m.) is toxic to mosquito larvae. in this study, we quantified its toxicity to the mosquitoes, aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, ae. caspius, ae. detritus, anopheles stephensi, an. gambiae, culex pipiens and cx. quinquefasciatus. anopheles larvae are the most susceptible, followed by ae. detritus and ae. caspius, then culex and other aedes larvae. according to mosquito species, the lc50 varies from 7 x 10(3) to 1.3 x 10(6) cells/ml. three concentration ...	1992	1357087
factors influencing the activity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis treatments.	environmental factors influence the effectiveness of microbial control agents in mosquito control programs. four of these factors (water temperature, larval density, sunlight and the effect of associated filter feeders) were studied with bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis under laboratory and semifield conditions in europe using different instars of aedes vexans, ae. aegypti and culex pipiens. bioassays conducted at a low temperature (5 degrees c) yielded 10-fold higher lc50 and lc90 values ...	1992	1357088
virus-dependent mortality in rift valley fever, eastern equine encephalomyelitis, and chikungunya virus-inoculated mosquito (diptera: culicidae) larvae.	the effect of inoculation of mosquito larvae with rift valley fever (rvf) virus on survival to the adult stage was evaluated in aedes aegypti (l.), ae. fowleri (charmoy), ae. mcintoshi huang, ae. taeniorhynchus (wiedemann), ae. triseriatus (say), eretmapodites quinquevittatus theobald, anopheles albimanus wiedemann, and culex pipiens l. pupation rates were similar for rvf virus-inoculated and diluent-inoculated larvae of all mosquito species tested except cx. pipiens. however, with the exception ...	1992	1357176
morphological alterations accompanying the effect of peptaibiotics, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid-rich secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi, on culex pipiens larvae.	the effect of different representatives of the group of peptaibiotics, alpha-amino-isobutyric acid rich secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi, on culex pipiens larvae was studied. light and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used to localize the intracellular damage and to determine the target organells for the mode of action of peptaibols in mosquito larvae. though different in insecticidal activity, all tested compounds induced the same type of tissue damage, which was chara ...	1992	1359675
evaluation of methoprene (altosid xr) sustained-release briquets for control of culex mosquitoes in urban catch basins.	a sustained-release, briquet formulation of methoprene (altosid xr), applied at a rate of one briquet per catch basin in saginaw, michigan, provided ca. 70% reduction in emergence of culex pipiens and cx. restuans adults, compared with nontreated catch basins, during a period of 15 wk in the summer of 1990. in a parallel study using one briquet per 10.5 liter bucket, there was 99% reduction in adult emergence of these species for a period of 12 weeks. the difference between catch basins and buck ...	1992	1402858
patterns of sugar feeding in diapausing and nondiapausing culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) females.	in the laboratory, diapausing culex pipiens l. females fed on a continuously available sugar source more frequently and longer after adult emergence than did non-diapausing females. they also showed an extended nocturnal pattern of sugar feeding compared with that of non-diapausing females. differences between diapausing and non-diapausing females with respect to sugar feeding and host-seeking behavior also were related to responses to volatiles from fruit and vertebrate hosts. in this colorado ...	1992	1404264
crossing type variability associated with cytoplasmic incompatibility in australian populations of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus say.	an analysis of cytoplasmic crossing type variation in australian populations of culex quinquefasciatus, a member of the culex pipiens complex of mosquitoes, revealed high levels of variability causing partial incompatibility between natural populations. segregating crossing types were commonly found together within sampled sites. no correlation was evident between similarity of crossing type and environmental parameters of the sites, nor distance between sites. the nature of the observed variati ...	1992	1421500
[insecticide resistance and irritability of culex pipiens in moscow].	resistance and irritability to permethrin, deltamethrin, bendiocarb, propoxur, fenitrothion, malathion, dieldrin and ddt (who standard papers) were determined in culex pipiens collected in the basements of big houses in the centre of moscow. mosquitos were found to be moderately resistant to fenitrothion (87% mortality), ddt (83%) and propoxur (80%), and susceptible to the remaining insecticides. the irritability was low to dieldrin but moderate to permethrin, propoxur and ddt, and high to the r ...	1992	1435555
on the developmental velocity of wucheria bancrofti larvae in vector mosquitoes of different susceptibility to filarial infections.	the developmental velocity of wucheria bancrofti larvae was investigated in mosquito strains with different susceptibility to this filarial species. high susceptibility of the vector strains favoured fast filarial development, e.g. between 17.1 and 25.9% of all discovered larvae on day 13 p.i. had already migrated to the head and mouth parts of the more and partly even highly susceptible anopheles gambiae, culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti, respectively, whereas between 0 and 3.4% ...	1992	1456467
binding of bacillus sphaericus binary toxin to a specific receptor on midgut brush-border membranes from mosquito larvae.	the presence of specific receptors for bacillus sphaericus binary toxin on brush-border membrane fractions (bbmf) from culex pipiens larvae midgut cells was demonstrated by an in vitro binding assay. both activated and radiolabelled polypeptides from the 51-kda and 42-kda binary toxin of b. sphaericus 1593 specifically bound to bbmf. direct binding and homologous competition experiments indicated a single class of b. sphaericus toxin receptors, with a dissociation constant (kd) of approximately ...	1992	1459140
melanization response of two mosquito species against wuchereria bancrofti.	the melanization response of two mosquito against wuchereria bancrofti was studied under different conditions of temperatures, adult age and feeding regimes. the two mosquito species were culex pipiens, a susceptible species for w. bancrofti transmission and aedes caspius, a refractory one.	1992	1500787
ultrastructural changes in culex pipiens larvae treated with tolypin, the insecticidal metabolite of tolypocladium inflatum gams (deuteromycetes).	tolypin, the insecticidal metabolite of the entomopathogenic fungus of the genus tolypocladium, causes knock-down effect followed by high mortality in treated culex pipiens molestus larvae. histopathological changes accompanying the knock-down symptoms were similar in all tissues. mitochondria, the main target in the cells, were destroyed and consecutively changed into vacuoles with the remains of cristae and lysed internal structures. despite destruction of the internal content of individual or ...	1992	1505210
[data on the spread of culex pipiens on the territory of the ussr].	a map of culex pipiens molestus distribution over the ussr was made using data of sanitary epidemiological stations of various regions of the country, literature and the authors' own data. it was shown that during the last decades (1978-1990) the cx. p. molestus breeding occurring predominantly in flooded basements of comfortable houses, especially in new built towns and cities, was recorded throughout the european part of the ussr including some subarctic regions. cx. p. molestus is also widesp ...	1992	1508077
identification of two distinct amplifications of the esterase b locus in culex pipiens (l.) mosquitoes from mediterranean countries.	two new highly active esterases were detected by starch electrophoretic studies in culex pipiens mosquitoes from the area of montpellier (france) and from cyprus. we demonstrate here that both the french and the cyprus esterases b are overproduced due to amplification of the coding gene. the production of the esterase b is approximately 50- and 500-fold higher in mosquitoes from france and cyprus, respectively, than in susceptible insects, whereas the number of gene copies is about 25 and 250. d ...	1992	1520252
an immunocytochemical study of the distribution of rift valley fever virus in the mosquito culex pipiens.	the dissemination of rift valley fever (rvf) virus in females of the epidemic vector culex pipiens was studied immunocytochemically. among orally infected specimens, viral antigen was detected in all major midgut regions, although individuals varied with respect to which regions were infected. among specimens with disseminated infections (infections beyond the midgut epithelium), antigen was detected in most tissues, including those of the nervous and endocrine systems. however, no antigen was f ...	1992	1575297
efficacy of permethrin- and cyphenothrin-impregnated nettings against culex pipiens pallens.	laboratory tests were conducted to determine the effect of different bed net materials, impregnated with permethrin or cyphenothrin, on culex mosquitoes. polyethylene, polyester and vinylon nettings were more efficacious than cotton or nylon.	1992	1583496
cloning and expression of the cryivd gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the cyanobacterium agmenellum quadruplicatum pr-6 and its resulting larvicidal activity.	a mosquitocidal cyanobacterium has been developed by introducing the mosquito-toxic cryivd gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis into the unicellular cyanobacterium agmenellum quadruplicatum pr-6 (synechococcus sp. strain pcc 7002). the cryivd gene was introduced into the cyanobacterium on a derivative of the pr-6 expression vector paqe19 delta sal in which the cryivd gene was translationally fused to the initial coding sequence of the highly expressed pr-6 cpcb gene. coomassie blu ...	1992	1622235
description of a microfilaria from an umbrella cockatoo (cacatua alba) and an unsuccessful attempt to infect mosquitoes (culex pipiens pipiens).	unidentified microfilariae circulating in the blood of an umbrella cockatoo (cacatua alba) are described. they are ensheathed, measure 102-152 microns long and 2-3 microns in diameter, and have four distinct and consistent gaps in the nuclear column. attempts to infect mosquitoes (culex pipiens pipiens) with the microfilariae were unsuccessful.	1992	1627121
biochemical genetics of phosphohydrolase polymorphism in culex pipiens complex.	1. single 4th-instar larvae were used in the investigation of alkaline phosphohydrolase (aph) variability in culex pipiens quinequefasciatus. the genetic basis of isozyme variability was determined from genetic crosses performed with isogenic and hybrid strains of mosquitoes. 2. isozyme electromorphs presented four enzyme activity zones, three monomorphic and one polymorphic, correspondent with four aph gene loci (aph1, aph2, aph3 and aph4). 3. all isozymes migrated anodically, with aph4 isozyme ...	1991	1664307
attractiveness of vertebrate hosts to culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) and other mosquitoes in israel.	host preferences of mosquitoes, mainly culex pipiens l. and aedes caspius (pallas), were studied in israel using live baits, chemical attractants, light, and suction traps. the feeding habits of cx. pipiens were opportunistic. this species used a wide range of mammalian and avian hosts; a calf, chickens, turkeys, and sheep were the most attractive baits. a. caspius fed mainly on large mammals and was most attracted to calf and sheep baits. although sheep were attractive, few cx. pipiens and no a ...	1991	1674543
deletion by in vivo recombination shows that the 28-kilodalton cytolytic polypeptide from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is not essential for mosquitocidal activity.	the cyta gene encoding the 28-kda polypeptide of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystals was disrupted in the 72-mda resident plasmid by in vivo recombination, thus indicating that homologous recombination occurs in b. thuringiensis. the absence of the 28-kda protein in b. thuringiensis did not affect the crystallization of the other toxic components of the parasporal body (68-, 125-, and 135-kda polypeptides). the absence of the 28-kda protein abolished the hemolytic activity of b. t ...	1991	1675212
[the specific nature of the irritability to fenitrothion and malathion in blood-sucking mosquitoes].	several populations of malaria mosquitos were previously discovered to have different irritability to two insecticides of the organophosphorous group, such as fenitrothion and malathion. individual comparison of fenitrothion and malathion irritability levels in laboratory colonies of anopheles stephensi, an. atroparvus, culex pipiens, aedes aegypti, and ae. togoi and in the natural population of an. martinius has shown that irritability to the two chemicals is specific in all the six species. th ...	1991	1676826
selection of cyanobacteria isolated from mosquito breeding sites as a potential food source for mosquito larvae.	one way to increase the persistence of larvicidal toxins in mosquito breeding sites is to clone the corresponding genes in microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria, which could serve as a source of food for the larvae. we isolated and cultured 10 strains of cyanobacteria from three mosquito breeding sites along the french mediterranean coast. most of the strains were tolerant to a relatively wide range of salt concentrations, and all of them were totally or partially resistant to at least four of t ...	1991	1677241
comparison of four membranes for artificially bloodfeeding mosquitoes.	four species of mosquitoes, aedes aegypti, ae. triseriatus, culex pipiens and cx. tarsalis, were allowed access to defibrinated rabbit blood via 4 different membranes and a standard membrane feeder. natural animal skins (mouse or quail) were the most effective. more than 50% of the aedes mosquitoes fed within 5 min and approximately 90% fed within 20 min on either mouse or quail skin. culex species fed best on quail skin, but the difference in feeding on quail skin and sheep intestine was not si ...	1991	1680153
biochemical key to eight species of adult egyptian mosquitoes.	1. an electrophoretic key is described, based on enzyme relative mobility, to distinguish eight species of egyptian mosquito adults. 2. using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis, five different enzyme assays unambiguously separated culex pipiens l., cx antennatus (becker), cx pusillus macquart, aedes caspius (pallas), culiseta longiareolata (macquart), uranotaenia unguiculata edwards, anopheles multicolor cambouliu and an.pharoensis theobald. 3. diagnostic loci between species were: ak-2, g6pd ...	1991	1685104
mosquito species collected from a marsh in western kenya during the long rains.	a total of 475,431 mosquitoes representing 8 genera and 43 species were collected from a marsh in the western kenya highlands to determine species composition and succession in relation to the epidemiology of rift valley fever virus. culex pipiens was the most common species, totalling 92.3% of the collection, followed by cx. zombaensis (2.2%), anopheles coustani (1.1%), an. squamosus (0.8%), mansonia uniformis (0.6%), coquillettidia microannulatus (0.5%), uranotaenia mashonaensis (0.5%), ma. af ...	1991	1686445
identification of reduced fitness associated with an insecticide resistance gene in culex pipiens by microtitre plate tests.		1991	1768930
production & formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis & b. sphaericus 1593.	three fermentation media each for bulk growth of b. thuringiensis var. israelensis and b. sphaericus 1593 were formulated using defatted groundnut cake (arachis hypogea) as the first nitrogen source and gram flour (cicer arientinum), soy bean (glycine max) and defatted milk powder as the second nitrogen source. medium containing gram flour showed highest toxicity (14.45 micrograms/l) in case of b. thuringiensis var. israelensis whereas medium containing milk powder was found to be highly toxic w ...	1991	1778620
amblyospora sp. (microspora, amblyosporidae) infecting nerve ganglia of culex pipiens (diptera, culicidae) from egypt.	a species of amblyospora-infecting neurones of culex pipiens is described. diplokaryotic meronts, which divided by binary fission, were distinguished at the electron microscope level by their unthickened plasma membranes. sporonts with an electron-dense surface coat gave rise to eight uninucleate sporoblasts within a sporophorous vesicle, cytoplasmic division occurring at the quadrinucleate or octonucleate stages. indications that nuclear fusion and chromosome reorganization occurred in merogony ...	1991	1783780
impact of stressful conditions on the survival of culex pipiens exposed to rift valley fever virus.	several groups of rift valley fever (rvf) virus-exposed and unexposed culex pipiens were allowed differential access to a carbohydrate food source and their survival monitored. when stressed by deprivation of a carbohydrate source, mean survival times of rvf virus-exposed mosquitoes were consistently higher than those of unexposed mosquitoes in each of the carbohydrate-deficient experiments. these differences were statistically significant when mosquitoes were provided 5% sucrose for 24 hours. m ...	1991	1787408
[experience in suppressing the mosquito count in basement flooding in the city of nukus].	large-scale trials of bacterial insecticides (bac. sphaericus and bac. thuringiensis) and of 5 synthetic pyrethroids were carried out in nukus, uzbekistan, in order to evaluate their effectiveness against culex pipiens molestus forsk (diptera: culicidae) breeding in flooded basements in urban areas. lambdacyhaothrine (karate, 5% e.c.) in the dosage of 0.01 g/m2 a. i. was found to be the most effective. application of permethrine containing thermosublimated briquettes for quick elimination of adu ...	1991	1839053
effect of certain formulations of the bacterial larvicide, bacillus thuringiensis, serotype h-14 on culex pipiens l. in egypt.		1991	1875070
effect of nutritive elements on the extracellular protein of different bacillus strains, toxic to mosquito larvae.	the effect of 5 nutritional elements (glucose, peptone, yeast extract, beef extract and lactic acid) on the growth of the 4 tested bacillus strains (bacillus thuringiensis bactimos 78, b. thuringiensis ips 82, b. sphaericus solvay 85 and b. sphaericus rb 80) as well as on the concentration of their extracellular proteins were studied. the nutritive elements were individually tested either dissolved in distilled water or in a buffer base. results indicated that the bacterial growth was higher whe ...	1991	1875084
a new realistic index of experimental transmission efficiency for bancroftian filariasis.	an index for experimental transmission of filariasis infection was first introduced by kartman and subsequently modified by wharton who defined it as 'the number of infective larvae per mosquito when the microfilaria count is 1.0 mm-3 of human blood'. since mosquitoes may not imbibe the expected number of microfilariae from the donor's blood during feeding because of various interference phenomena and/or mechanisms, this paper presents the index mosquito meal (index mm), based on the actual numb ...	1991	1880832
life cycle of hepatozoon mehlhorni sp. nov. in the viper echis carinatus and the mosquito culex pipiens.	hepatozoon mehlhori sp. nov. and its developmental stages from the tissues of the egyptian viper echis carinatus and the mosquito culex pipiens are described. the erythrocytic parasites were differentiated into the small form (trophozoite) measuring 14.5 +/- 0.6 x 4 +/- 0.12 micron and the mature form (gametocyte) measuring 17.2 +/- 1.6 x 5.4 +/- 0.5 micron. merogony took place in the pulmonary endothelial cells and in the parenchyma cells of the liver and spleen of the infected vipers. two type ...	1991	1891449
temporal variation in morphological and genetic characteristics within a hybrid population of culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae).	samples of mosquitoes in the culex pipiens l. complex from memphis, tenn., were collected from june to november 1985 and examined in regard to allozyme frequencies and ratios of the two arms of the phallosome of the male genitalia (dv/d). the dominant allozymes of hexokinase (hka) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (pgdf) significantly increased in frequency during this period as did the mean dv/d ratio. an analysis of gene frequencies by species group designated by dv/d ratios revealed no sig ...	1991	1941905
[clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia, a new anaerobic bacterium pathogen to mosquito and blackfly larvae].	a strain of clostridium bifermentans individualized as serovar malaysia (c.b.m.) according to its specific h antigen is toxic to mosquito and blackfly larvae when given orally. the toxicity occurs in sporulated cells which contain, in addition to spores, proteinic parasporal inclusion bodies and feather-like appendages; the amino acid content of the inclusion bodies is similar to that of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (b.t.i.) and b. sphaericus crystals. the toxicity to anopheles ste ...	1990	1972899
vector roles of fennoscandian mosquitoes attracted to mammals, birds and frogs.	1. mosquitoes were sampled with five suction traps, from may to october 1983, at a forest site in south-central sweden. 2. twenty-three species of mosquitoes were identified among the total of 3108 females collected: 4% of them in an unbaited trap, 3% in a trap baited with two frogs, 24% with a guinea-pig, 28% with a hen and 40% in a trap baited with a rabbit. 3. the dominant species of culicidae trapped were 39% aedes communis (de geer), 21% ae. cinereus meigen, 14% coquillettidia richiardii (f ...	1990	1983455
the mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in maliuc (danube delta)--faunistical and ecological data.	the paper reports the results of the survey of the mosquito fauna in the maliuc area (danube delta) in 1983-1985. 16 mosquito species have been recorded in the area during the investigations: anopheles maculipennis--complex, an. hyrcanus, uranotaenia unguiculata, coquillettidia richiardii, culiseta annulata, aedes vexans, ae. cinereus, ae. caspius, ae. dorsalis, ae. excrucians, ae. flavescens, ae. leucomelas, ae. intrudens, culex pipiens, c. martinii, cx. modestus. they have been captured by lig ...	1990	1983702
worldwide migration of amplified insecticide resistance genes in mosquitoes.	in culex pipiens, overproduction of nonspecific esterases is a common mechanism of resistance to organophosphate insecticides. the esterases are attributed to closely linked loci named a and b according to substrate preference, and overproduction of all esterases b is due to gene amplification. distribution of electrophoretically distinct variants of overproduced esterases a and b is geographically restricted, with the exception of esterases a2 and b2, always found together throughout at least t ...	1991	2005964
selection for fenitrothion--resistance in culex pipiens l larvae (diptera: culicidae).	laboratory selection of culex pipiens larvae by fenitrothion pressure for 24 generations resulted in 25.67 fold increase in resistance to this compound. adults resulted from the selected larvae also acquired resistance (32.3 fold) to fenitrothion. stability of resistance was tested and indicated that regression in resistance only occurred at lower level that regression in resistance only occurred at lower level of selection. cross resistance to malathion and dld slightly increased by 2.1-fold an ...	1991	2033297
release of wuchereria bancrofti by culex pipiens.		1991	2033305
potential for mosquito transmission of attenuated strains of rift valley fever virus.	studies were conducted to determine if two attenuated strains of rift valley fever (rvf) virus could be transmitted by culex pipiens mosquitoes. both strains (rvf mp 12 and t1) replicated in and were transmitted by female cx. pipiens after intrathoracic inoculation. mosquitoes also became infected with and transmitted the rvf mp12 strain after ingesting virus from a blood-soaked cotton pledget. however, because of the low viremias produced in infected animals, it is unlikely that mosquitoes woul ...	1991	2035749
effect of ichthyomycin on the ultrastructure of tissues of culex pipiens.	a new antibiotic ichthyomycin produced by streptomyces sp. strain 1107 was tested for its toxicity and effect on the ultrastructure of tissues of larvae of culex pipiens autogenicus. concentrations used were 5 x 10(-7), 2.5 x 10(-7), 1.5 x 10(-7) and 1 x 10(-7) g ml-1. the mortality of larvae after 24 h exposure was 90, 30, 0 and 0%, and after 48 h was 100, 100, 87 and 0%, respectively. the effect of the antibiotic was most evident on mitochondria. they distended and ruptured with subsequent dis ...	1991	2055103
genetic similarity among egyptian populations of culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae).	geographic variation among culex pipiens l. populations was studied along a north-south transect across egypt. horizontal starch gel electrophoresis of 10 enzyme loci permitted estimates of adult polymorphism for 10 demes of cx. pipiens. levels of genetic variability, as indicated by a mean of 1.25 alleles per locus, a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.023, and a proportion of 0.25 of the loci being polymorphic, indicated limited genetic heterogeneity within and among demes. nei's estimates of g ...	1991	2056499
isolation and identification of bacillus sphaericus strains pathogenic for mosquito larvae.	three selective media for the isolation of bacillus sphaericus have been compared. bats medium and a formulation employing adenosine as the principal carbon source were the most effective for the recovery of spores of strain 1593. anthranilic acid as the principal carbon source was less efficient. eighty-four strains were isolated from mud samples using these media and were identified by computer. identifications were confirmed for representative strains using dna sequence homology. most were b. ...	1991	2066574
[trials of the insecticides icon and ficam against mosquitoes in the southern ussr].	two residual insecticides (icon 10% wp, ici and ficam w 80% wp, camco) were in 1989 tested in field trials in tajikistan, azerbaijan and uzbekistan against anopheles superpictus, an. sacharovi, an. pulcherrimus, an. martinius, culex pipiens, aedes caspius, and ae. vexans. in dosages recommended by the producing companies (0.025 g/m2 a. i. for icon and 0.4 g/m2 for ficam), the above preparations showed residual action during 2-3 months. icon and ficam did not cause irritability and repellency in ...	1991	2067463
chromosomal localization and copy number of 18s + 28s ribosomal rna genes in evolutionarily diverse mosquitoes (diptera, culicidae).	in situ hybridization using 3h-labeled 18s and 28s ribosomal dna (rdna) probes from aedes albopictus was performed on the mitotic chromosomes of 20 species of mosquitoes belonging to 8 genera of subfamilies culicinae and anophelinae. in all but one species examined, the rdna family was localized to a single chromosome per haploid genome. aedes triseriatus was the only exception, with the rdna cistrons present on chromosome 1 and on chromosome 3. the ribosomal rna genes were located on chromosome ...	1990	2093704
[the phage sensitivity and insecticidal activity of local strains of bacillus sphaericus].	the sensitivity of 132 local isolates of b. sphaericus to phages 3, 4 and sst of a. yousten has been studied. according to this incomplete phage typing, most of the strains are classified in the third phage group. a high-degree correlation between sensitivity to phage 4 and insecticidal activity was established, owing to which this sensitivity can be used as an initial criterion for selection of newly isolated strains. lc50 and lc90 of one reference and six local strains of b. sphaericus were de ...	1990	2097884
tropical extension of temperature zone culex pipiens throughout egypt.	to explore the southern limit of the temperate zone form of the culex pipiens complex of mosquitoes in north africa, we compared the structure of the copulatory structures of such male mosquitoes sampled along the length of egypt. larval mosquitoes were collected in 11 sites distributed along the entire egyptian span of the nile valley as well as in sites along the central red sea coast and in the western desert. four of these sites were sampled repeatedly, at various times of the year. a dv/d r ...	1990	2098477
peroral susceptibility of aedes albifasciatus and culex pipiens complex mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from argentina to western equine encephalitis virus.	the transmission cycle of western equine encephalitis (wee) virus in south america is unknown. a wee virus strain was isolated from aedes albifasciatus in argentina during the wee epizootic of 1982-83. also, culex pipiens from argentina was reported to be able to transmit wee virus experimentally, but other results indicate that cx. pipiens from the usa is refractory to this virus. we determined the susceptibility of argentina strains of ae. albifasciatus and culex pipiens complex mosquitos to i ...	1990	2103643
cloning and expression of mosquito larvicidal protein gene from a highly toxic local strain of bacillus sphaericus.	bacillus sphaericus strain 10 (bs10), isolated from jiangsu province of china, is highly toxic to the mosquito larvae. during sporulation, bs10 produces a parasporal crystalline protein which is toxic to the larvae of a number of mosquito species, and extremely toxic against the larvae of culex pipiens. using the escherichia coli cloning vector pat153, two clones which hybridized with the synthesizing 18-bases oligonucleotides probe have been obtained. one of the recombinants, tg1 (pfl37), conta ...	1990	2104208
the 42- and 51-kilodalton mosquitocidal proteins of bacillus sphaericus 2362: construction of recombinants with enhanced expression and in vivo studies of processing and toxicity.	after site-directed mutagenesis, the genes coding for the 42- and 51-kilodalton (kda) mosquitocidal proteins of bacillus sphaericus 2362 were placed under the regulation of the apre (subtilisin) promoter of the bacillus subtilis vector pue (a derivative of pub18). the levels of expression of the gene products in b. subtilis db104 and b. sphaericus 718 were assessed by bioassays with larvae of culex pipiens and by western immunoblots. the results indicated that a higher amount of protein was prod ...	1990	2110136
[the occurrence of diptera in living quarters].	more than 150 species of diptera belonging to 46 families were caught in a flat in the outskirts of berlin between april and october 1986. 2148 specimens were collected. fannia canicularis was the most frequent species with 726 specimens. drosophila melanogaster, culex pipiens, lucilia sericata, sarcophaga carnaria, calliphora vicina, muscina stabulans and fannia manicata were other important synanthropic flies, which inclusively fannia canicularis amounted 55% of the total catching rate. the re ...	1990	2127165
bait-fed adult culex pipiens carry the larvicide bacillus sphaericus to the larval habitat.	sugar meals of plant origin are a basic component of mosquito diet. we show that sugar baits have potential as vehicles for control agents. when culex pipiens l. resting-sites were sprayed with sucrose solution, with or without incorporation of the larval toxicant bacillus sphaericus neide, 47% of female mosquitoes fed in situ. dispersing b. sphaericus-carrier mosquitoes caused larval mortality in breeding-sites 60-100 m from the sprayed resting-sites. the effect was not seen where no adults res ...	1990	2132993
antibacteriophage action on the larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 and bacillus sphaericus against culex pipiens.	an organically polluted mosquito breeding water was tested for the presence of bacteriophages which could inhibit the larvicidal activity of b. thuringiensis h-14 and b. sphaericus. more than one bacteriophage were isolated which could inhibit the tested bacteria. the sensitivity of the two bacterial species to 12 antibiotics was tested. two of them, showed no antibacterial action, were selected and considered as antivirus agents in the bacteriophage assays; namely, amoxycillin and co-trimoxazol ...	1990	2133905
the histochemical localization of atpase, cholinesterase and acid phosphatase activity in culex pipiens (diptera, culicidae) larvae using a methacrylate embedding technique.	a method is described for the demonstration of atpase, cholinesterase and acid phosphatase activity in thin sections of mosquito larvae fixed in 1:9 v/v mixture of acetone and 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in hydroxyethyl methacrylate (hema). atpase activity, observed as a black brown precipitate, was found in the brush border of gastric caeca and microvilli of columnar epithelial cells of the hind gut and malpighian tubules. some basal cell membrane activity could also be seen. cho ...	1990	2149083
swedish culex torrentium and cx. pipiens (diptera: culicidae) as experimental vectors of ockelbo virus.	the ability of the sibling species culex pipiens (l.) and culex torrentium (martini) from central sweden to transmit ockelbo (ock) virus was determined. both species became infected after ingesting ock virus from a viremic chicken; they transmitted this virus to chickens after 21-28 d of extrinsic incubation. in cx. torrentium, infection rates were 90% or higher, and all 10 refeeding mosquitoes transmitted virus after feeding on chickens with a viremia of at least 10(3.0) plaque-forming units (p ...	1990	2167372
effect of environmental temperature on the vector competence of culex pipiens and cx. torrentium for ockelbo virus.	the effects of environmental temperature on ockelbo virus infection, dissemination, and transmission were studied in culex torrentium and in the uppsala and the el gabal strains of cx. pipiens. temperatures tested included 10 degrees c, 17 degrees c, 24 degrees c, and a cyclic (10-24 degrees c, mean = 17 degrees c) regimen designed to mimic typical hourly temperatures in an area endemic for ockelbo disease in sweden during the transmission season. the vector competence of both the uppsala and th ...	1990	2173433
biometrical variations in haematophagous arthropods. ii. dv/d ratio of male terminalia of wild culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae) in india.	the dv/d ratio of male terminalia is considered as most reliable morphometric feature to distinguish culex pipiens from cx. quinquefasciatus. in india although only cx. quinquefasciatus is known both in the filariasis (bancroftian) endemic and non-endemic areas, there has been no study on the amounts of morphometric variation among wild strains of this species. this paper reports variation in the dv/d ratio of cx. quinquefasciatus collected from 7 localities of delhi (d), lucknow (l), patna (p), ...	1990	2230023
the mode of inheritance of fenitrothion resistance in culex pipiens l. larvae (diptera:culicidae).	the genetics of fenitrothion resistance in cx. pipiens larvae was studied to determine its mode of inheritance. a laboratory susceptible and fenitrothion-resistant larval strains were used. reciprocal crosses between the resistant and susceptible strains showed an f1 generation of partial dominance with slight cytoplasmic effect. the f2 generation underwent segregation into three genotypes, viz. susceptible, hybrid and resistant in the ratio of 1:2:1. the progenies of backcrosses to resistant an ...	1990	2230327
generation and transmission of rift valley fever viral reassortants by the mosquito culex pipiens.	reassortant viruses containing heterologous s and m genomic rna segments were obtained from both mosquito and vertebrate hosts that had been coinfected with egyptian and senegalese strains of rift valley fever (rvf) virus. the origin of the s and m rna segments in each plaque-cloned virus was determined with monoclonal antibodies capable of differentiating the nucleocapsid protein (s segment marker) or the g1 glycoprotein (m segment marker) of the parental strains. in the mosquito culex pipiens, ...	1990	2230736
apparent influence of the stage of blood meal digestion on the efficacy of ground applied ulv aerosols for the control of urban culex mosquitoes. ii. laboratory evidence.	the susceptibility of adult culex pipiens s.l., culiseta melanura and aedes aegypti to insecticide aerosols in wind tunnel exposures varied with time, depending on the stage of blood meal digestion. greater than 2-fold differences were observed in the concentrations of malathion and synergized resmethrin required to kill test mosquitoes, depending on whether they had been given a blood meal and, if they had, the length of time following the blood meal. the period of lowest susceptibility varied ...	1990	2230763
larvicidal effects of grain sorghum (sorghum bicolor) seedling extracts upon culex pipiens larvae.	a study of laboratory and field reared 2nd and 3rd instar culex pipiens larvae suggests that extracts from 2 varieties of sorghum bicolor seedlings are significant (p less than 0.05) larvicides under laboratory conditions. these plant extracts contain the organic cyanogen dhurrin and were calibrated to produce 90% mortality in 2nd instar culex pipiens larvae at 0.82 ppm and 90% mortality in 3rd instar larvae at 1.12 ppm. a preliminary behavioral assessment of late 3rd instar larvae exposed to 1. ...	1990	2230780
[enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of larvicidal toxic proteins of bacillus sphaericus ts-1].	bacillus sphaericus ts-1 mosquito larvicidal toxins 42 k da and 43 k da were isolated by sephadex g-200 chromatography. three strains of highly toxic b. sphaericus and two non toxic strains were screened for toxic proteins using elisa. the lowest detectable toxin level was 1.56 x 10(-5) mg/ml. non toxic strains did not produce antigens reacting to either the 42 kda or the 43 kda antibodies. ts-1 cultures were examined at 12 and 24 h by lc50 bioassay against culex pipiens. the lc50's at 12 h and ...	1990	2251829
transmission of rift valley fever virus by adult mosquitoes after ingestion of virus as larvae.	we studied the ability of culex pipiens, aedes circumluteolus, and ae. mcintoshi, exposed as larvae to liver tissue from a rift valley fever (rvf) virus-infected hamster, to become infected and transstadially transmit virus to the adult and for the adults to transmit virus by bite to hamsters. after exposure as larvae, 9% (5/54) of adult cx. pipiens and 8% (38/505) of the adult ae. (neomelaniconion) species were infected. all of the infected cx. pipiens and about half of the infected ae. circuml ...	1990	2267972