Publications

importation of aedes albopictus and other exotic mosquito species into the united states in used tires from asia.	between may 18 and december 4, 1986, 79 seagoing containers and their contents of 22,051 used tires were inspected for adult mosquitoes as well as eggs and larvae. of the total inspected, 5,507 tires (25%) contained significant amounts of water. no adults or eggs were found. fifteen tires contained mosquito larvae that were identified as ae. albopictus, ae. togoi, culex pipiens complex, tripteroides bambusa and uranotaenia bimaculata. the infestation rate for all species was 6.8 infested tires p ...	1988	2903907
purinergic reception by culicine mosquitoes.	1. adult female culex pipiens and culiseta inornata have purinergic receptors that respond to extracellular adp and related compounds. stimulation of these receptors caused ingestion of artificial diets. addition of bicarbonate to the saline solvent enhanced the phagostimulatory effect. saline-bicarbonate was as effective a solvent as blood plasma for cx. pipiens, and was used in the dose-effect determinations. ranking of the potencies was: adp greater than amp-pnp greater than atp = amp greater ...	1988	2903919
diel activity patterns of blood-seeking anthropophilic mosquitoes in central sweden.	1. blood-seeking diel activity cycles of mosquitoes are described from 24 h landing catches on human bait in a field and a forest habitat during june-august in central sweden. 2. daytime activity in the field was low or absent, whilst in the forest activity was relatively even throughout the diel. 3. in both habitats, activity peaks generally occurred about sunset and sunrise and were more distinct in the field than in the forest. 4. data from this and other studies show that, in general, aedes ...	1988	2908783
research on parasitic arthropods of the lake zarnowieckie environs carried out in 1981-1985. part ii. mosquitoes (diptera, culicidae).	in the years 1981-1985 a total of 19,651 specimens mosquitoes were collected in the area of investigation--lake zarnowieckie environs. in that amount 15,072 specimens were identified. there were found 26 species belonging to 4 genera: anopheles, aedes, culex and culiseta. some of the species found, such as aedes cantans, aedes punctor or culex pipiens are troublesome pests and particularly aggressive to man, possible vectors of many diseases. in the cowsheds there were found 12 species, the most ...	1988	2908381
heterosis associated with dopa-oxidase dimorphism in culex pipiens.	1. isozyme phenotypes were used to deduce genotypes at a dimorphic dopa-oxidase locus in a laboratory population of culex pipiens. the frequencies of homozygotes and heterozygotes at the inception and termination of laboratory colonization were compared. 2. co-dominant alleles f and s condition the fast and slow isozymes (allozymes) respectively at this enzyme locus. 3. the expected and observed ratios of heterozygotes (fs) to homozygotes (ff and ss) were 50:50 and 64:36 respectively for 50 pair ...	1988	3128423
a bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis gene encoding a 125-kilodalton larvicidal polypeptide is associated with inverted repeat sequences.	a gene encoding a 125-kilodalton (kda) mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin was cloned from the 72-mda resident plasmid of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. this gene is similar in its 3' region to the gene encoding the 135-kda protein previously cloned (c. bourgouin, a. klier, and g. rapoport, mol. gen. genet. 205:390-397, 1986). escherichia coli recombinant clones harboring the 125-kda gene were toxic to larvae of the three mosquito species aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex pipie ...	1988	2841292
reduced rift valley fever virus infection rates in mosquitoes associated with pledget feedings.	infection rates were compared in culex pipiens and aedes taeniorhynchus after they fed on rift valley fever (rvf) viremic hamsters or ingested similar doses of rvf virus from blood-soaked pledgets. infection rates were significantly lower for mosquitoes that ingested virus from a pledget than for those that ingested similar doses from viremic hamsters. the method used to prevent normal clot formation for the pledget feedings (i.e., defibrination by shaking with glass beads or addition of heparin ...	1988	3207178
studies on life table characteristics of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus wuhan strain.		1988	3249355
[variations during developmental process of ache isoenzyme in susceptible strain and dipterex-resistant strain of the culex pipiens pallens coq].		1988	3273665
cytological study during oocyte differentiation in culex pipiens molestus (forskal).		1988	3410383
bacillus sphaericus asporogenous mutants: morphology, protein pattern and larvicidal activity.	asporogenous mutants from bacillus sphaericus strains 2297 and 1593-4, blocked at different stages of the sporulation process, were isolated. two mutants (2297 aspo30a and 2297 aspo34) which were blocked early in sporulation did not possess any crystalline inclusions and were poorly toxic to culex pipiens mosquito larvae. other mutants (2297 aspo115, 2297 aspo24 and 1593-4 aspo12) which were blocked at later stages synthesized crystal-like inclusions next to the forespores, and were highly toxic ...	1988	3408593
sequence analysis of the mosquitocidal toxin genes encoding 51.4- and 41.9-kilodalton proteins from bacillus sphaericus 2362 and 2297.	the nucleotide sequences of a 3,479-base-pair hindiii dna fragment from bacillus sphaericus 2362 and a 2,940-base-pair fragment from strain 2297 were determined; only minor differences were detected between them. each contained two open reading frames coding for proteins of 51.4 and 41.9 kilodaltons. both proteins were required for toxicity to larvae of the mosquito culex pipiens.	1988	3360740
acute toxicity of furazolidone on artemia salina, daphnia magna, and culex pipiens molestus larvae.	as a result of evidence of the ecotoxicity of nitrofurans, the acute toxicity of furazolidone was tested in vivo on two aquatic organisms, artemia salina and daphnia magna, which are both crustaceans. toxicity studies were also performed on larvae of culex pipiens molestus. results indicated a significant toxicity of the compound on culex pipiens and daphnia magna, while artemia salina proved to be the least sensitive.	1988	3234296
vector competence to wuchereria bancrofti in culex pipiens collected from the nile delta.		1988	3286788
the distribution of rift valley fever virus in the mosquito culex pipiens as revealed by viral titration of dissected organs and tissues.	distribution of rift valley fever virus (rvfv) was studied in the mosquito culex pipiens. mosquitoes were dissected on days 1-7 after an infectious bloodmeal, and rvfv plaque assays were performed on the legs, posterior midgut, ovaries, salivary glands, thoracic ganglia, and remaining organs and tissues (remnants). on days 7-12 and 14 following an infectious bloodmeal, mosquitoes were tested for their ability to transmit virus and then dissected. dissemination (systemic infection) rates averaged ...	1988	3407841
inability of diapausing culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) to use blood for producing lipid reserves for overwinter survival.	diapausing culex pipiens l. females fed 10% sucrose for 7 d following eclosion contained significantly more lipids (p less than 0.05) than nondiapausing females reared and maintained at the same temperature (22 degrees c) but at a longer photophase (14:10 [l:d] instead of 9:15). diapausing females with limited lipid reserves failed to increase their reserves after blood feeding. the average lipid content of 56 females tested decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) by day 6 after feeding and t ...	1989	2769712
[the appearance of the culex pipiens molestus forsk. mosquito (diptera: culicidae) in the town of pechora (komi, assr)].	for the first time there were revealed man-attacking culex pipiens molestus breeding in the basements of residential houses with an impaired water-supply in the town of pechora. the fact evidenced the continuing penetration of these posquitos to the north of the european part of the ussr.	1989	2710051
ingestion of immune bloodmeals and infection of aedes fowleri, aedes mcintoshi, and culex pipiens with rift valley fever virus.	rift valley fever (rvf) virus infection, dissemination, and transmission rates were determined for aedes fowleri, aedes mcintoshi and culex pipiens 7 or 10 days after sequentially feeding to repletion on rvf virus immune hamsters and rvf viremic hamsters, or after feeding on a mixture of rvf virus immune sheep serum and rvf viremic hamster blood through a pledget. no significant differences in infection or dissemination rates were detected among ae. fowleri and cx. pipiens feeding to repletion o ...	1989	2729509
contribution to the developmental cycle and taxonomy of neoglyphe sobolevi shaldybin, 1953 (trematoda: omphalometridae).	in europe, the life cycle of the trematode n. sobolevi was studied for the first time. following developmental stages are described in detail: daughter sporocysts, cercariae, metacercariae, adults. snails galba corvus and lymnaea stagnalis were found to be the first intermediate hosts in nature. metacercariae were obtained experimentally from larvae of the mosquitoes culex pipiens molestus, adults from the intestine of hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) and mice (mus musculus). this is the first fi ...	1989	2488047
[studies on the surveillance and purifying measures for filariasis in controlled areas].	this paper reports the results of longitudinal surveillance of filariasis for 4 years in jining city, shandong, where the disease has been controlled. it showed that the microfilaremia rate dropped from 0.48% to 0.03% and no new case was found and the natural infective rate of the main vector mosquito culex pipiens fell from 0.45% to 0.03% and no larva iii was detected. the purifying measures should put emphasis on the management of migrating persons repeatedly examining and treating old microfi ...	1989	2731451
[comparative studies on diapause responses between culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex pipiens pallens].	by comparing the diapause responses between locally hibernating species, c. pipiens pallens, and c. tritaeniorhynchus the overwintering way of which is yet unknown, we found the relative identities of these 2 species in their ovarian diapause criteria, change of the mid-gut and the behaviour of refusing blood feeding. the increases in body weight and fatty contents in the dispersed tritaeniorhynchus were much less than those in diapause pipiens species. moreover, their ability to resist low temp ...	1989	2766496
fate of the blood meal in force-fed, diapausing culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae).	diapausing culex pipiens l. do not display host-seeking behavior and can be induced to take blood only by being placed in contact with or in proximity to a host for prolonged periods. such "force-fed" females do not use the blood for lipogenesis, and only some of them use the blood to initiate vitellogenesis. diapausing cx. pipiens that are induced to feed eject an average of 4.2-4.6 microliters of blood during overnight feeding periods compared with an average of 0.1 microliters for nondiapausi ...	1989	2769714
the amplification of b1 esterase gene in the mosquito culex pipiens is present in gametes.		1989	2780326
ecologic studies of mosquitoes and birds as hosts of ockelbo virus in sweden and isolation of inkoo and batai viruses from mosquitoes.	field studies were conducted in central sweden from 1983 through 1985 to obtain information on the etiologic agent of ockelbo disease, described in sweden in the 1960s and probably identical to pogosta disease in finland and to karelian fever in the western ussr. mosquitoes (63,644) collected during this 3 year period yielded 21 virus strains. ockelbo virus isolations were from culiseta morsitans (5 strains), culex pipiens and/or cx. torrentium (6 strains), and aedes cinereus (3 strains). inkoo ...	1989	2572178
interactions between pesticide genes: model and experiment.	in response to years of intense selection pressure by organophosphate insecticides, several different insecticide resistance mechanisms have evolved in natural populations of the mosquito culex pipiens. we examined interactions between two of the most important mechanisms using a four-compartment model of insecticide pharmacokinetics. the joint effect of different mechanisms of resistance can be expressed in terms of epistasis at the physiological level in this model. the type of epistasis predi ...	1989	2599366
seasonal abundance and control of culex spp. in catch basins in illinois.	street catch basins in western cook county, il, were examined regularly june through august of 1987 to determine their seasonal larval production, adult mosquito harborage and the influence of abiotic factors on the associated mosquito population. only larvae of culex pipiens (63% of total) and cx. restuans (37% of total) were recovered. these 2 species and cx. erraticus were the most frequently collected adults. the abundance of mosquito larvae within catch basins was not correlated with water ...	1989	2614404
growth & toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis.	chemically defined media containing glutamic acid, glutamine and aspartic acid at a 20 mm concentration individually supported abundant growth and sporulation of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis. the parasporal crystals produced in these media were toxic to fourth instar larvae of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say. the medium containing 20 mm of glutamine induced early sporulation of b. thuringiensis var israelensis. an lc50 value of 3.92 micrograms/l was obtained. calcium alginate and ag ...	1989	2628294
pathology of cyclosporin a in mosquito larvae.	silica gel granules coated with cyclosporin a were used for intoxication of larvae of culex pipiens. pathological changes were evident in all tissues, characterized by the formation of minute vacuoles in the cytoplasm. individual cells were affected to different degrees. the targets of cyclosporin a were mainly mitochondria which inflated their cristae, disintegrated and changed into vacuoles with ghosts of their structures remaining. minor changes were evident in the endoplasmic reticulum and t ...	1989	2635649
[epidemiological surveillance of filariasis after its being basically eradicated in shandong province].	this paper reports the results of epidemiological surveillance in areas where filariasis has been basically eradicated and control measures no longer adopted in shandong province. a 3-year longitudinal surveillance in 18 villages in 5 counties and a cross-sectional survey in 13 villages of 4 counties were carried out. the results showed that the average microfilaria rate was further reduced from 0.28% and 0.15% in 1980 to 0.19% and 0.05% in 1986, decreased by 32.1% and 66.7% respectively. 34.2% ...	1989	2670312
improved filter paper test for detecting and quantifying increased esterase activity in organophosphate-resistant mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae).	a previously described filter paper test procedure for detecting of esterases involved in organophosphate insecticide resistance in the culex pipiens l. complex was modified to permit quantification of esterase activity and resistance in single insects. the new procedure, fp/est test, was used to survey organophosphate resistance in 11 field collections from seven states. clear discrimination of increased activity was possible by visual inspection and by densitometric analysis. the proportion of ...	1989	2708625
estimates of egyptian culcine longevity in nature altered by fluctuations in biting population density.	estimates of vectorial capacity (vc) depend upon longevity of mosquito field populations, and expected longevity is estimated from the parity rate of the population. seasonal variation in parity rates confound estimates of longevity which may not reflect actual population survival but are induced by changes in the rate of emergence of female mosquitoes. by comparing parity rates and biting activity in natural population of 2 culicine mosquitoes, culex pipiens and cx. antennatus, we found that pa ...	1989	2708852
rapid microtitre plate test distinguishes insecticide resistant acetylcholinesterase genotypes in the mosquitoes anopheles albimanus, an. nigerrimus and culex pipiens.	a rapid method of distinguishing insecticide insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ache) genotypes was applied to three species of mosquitoes. this relies on comparing rates of an ache mediated reaction in the presence and absence of insecticides which are inhibitors, using a kinetic microtitre plate reader. clearer and more rapid resolution between genotypes was achieved than with previous assays which measure the amount of product formed at a fixed end-point. results are presented for the f1s from ...	1989	2519652
transmission of rift valley fever virus by different geographic strains of culex pipiens in egypt.	previous investigations have delt with colonized cx. pipiens and rvf virus interactions. this study evaluated the vector competence of parental cx. pipiens populations for rvf virus and investigated variations in the vector competence among different geographic strains of this mosquito in egypt. cx. pipiens females were fed on viremic hamsters circulating 9.4-10.5 log10 smicld50 of virus. mosquito samples were freezed at different intervals extending between 0-12 days of extrinsic incubation (ei ...	1989	2519963
[a new genus of microsporidans cristulospora gen. n. (amblyospiridae) with 3 new species from blood-sucking mosquitoes in uzbekistan].	three new species of microsporidans of the new genus cristulospora are described from mosquitoes of the genera culex and aedes (floodlands of the syr darya, syrdarya province, bukharskiĭ oasis). in mosquitoes microsporidans have sporogony of two types that is characteristic of the family amblyosporidae. the development in larvae ends in the formation of 8 uninucleate spores in pansporoblasts. in females single binucleate spores are formed. the new genus differs from other amblyosporids in the pr ...	1989	2526316
effect of bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis on acid-phosphatase activity of mosquito larvae, culex pipiens and aedes caspius.	the use of bacillus sphaericus and b. thuringiensis h-14 form one of the important group of biological control agent against mosquito larvae. acid phosphatase enzyme plays a significant role in determining susceptibility of mosquito larvae to both bacterial species. biochemical assay showed activation in acid phosphatase in culex pipiens and aedes caspius treated with b. thuringiensis. variation in acid phosphatase activity occurred in both mosquitoes treated with b. sphaericus, while there was ...	1989	2565356
survival estimates for adult culex pipiens in the nile delta.	in an endemic area for wuchereria bancrofti filariasis in the nile delta, survival of adult female culex pipiens was estimated by parity rate, mosquito infection and infectivity rates. infection rates and 4th instar larval populations, as well as infection and parity rates, were linearly correlated. infectivity correlated only with parity rates. these associations corresponded to parallel changes in ambient temperature. although survival calculated from parity rates measured longevity of both in ...	1989	2566270
insect growth regulators: i. biological activity of some igr's against the susceptible and resistant strains of culex pipiens larvae. ii. pattern of cross resistance to igr's in carbaryl-resistant strain.	the biological activity and cross-resistance of some igr's, dimilin, bay sir 8514 and chlorofluzuron against susceptible and carbaryl-resistant strains of culex pipiens were determined. the results indicated that these compounds are highly effective against the larvae of c. pipiens but more potent larvicides against the susceptible larvae than against the resistant ones. the pattern of cross-resistance to the used igr's in the carbaryl-resistant strain were obtained. the data revealed no three i ...	1989	2504825
ultrastructural effects of macrotetrolides of streptomyces griseus lks-1 in tissues of culex pipiens larvae.	the isolate of macrotetrolides produced by streptomyces griseus strain lks-1 was tested in its effect on the ultrastructure of larvae of culex pipiens autogenicus. changes were mainly in mitochondria where the cristae were destroyed and the outer membrane inflated. the endoplasmic reticulum was vacuolized and subsequently the nuclear membranes were seriously affected. microvilli of the midgut epithelial cells and the surface membrane of these cells were unaltered and there were no changes in the ...	1989	2509144
studies on the efficacy and persistence of the microbial agent bacillus sphaericus against larvae of culex pipiens pallens.	this paper evaluates the efficacy of the bacterial larvicide bacillus sphaericus strains bs-10 and c3-41, which are isolated in china, as well as bs2362 against larvae of culex pipiens pallens in laboratory and under field conditions. the results indicate that c3-41 has the highest toxicity with lc50 at 0.0057 ppm and the bacterial formulations are more effective in light polluted water than in heavy polluted one, but the action of b. sphaericus could persist longer in more polluted water.	1989	2512071
simplified staining in situ of neurosecretory cells of the supraoesophageal ganglion of the female culex pipiens molestus (forskal) (diptera: culicidae).	the author describes the morphology and distribution of the neurosecretory cells in the supraoesophageal ganglion of the adult female culex pipiens molestus, using paraldehyde fuchsin and paraldehyde thionine-paraldehyde fuchsin as vital staining techniques. the brain of culex pipiens molestus has three regions (the proto-, deuto- and tritocerebrum) in which principally two types of neurosecretory cells (a and b) can be detected. both a (dark) and b (light) cells are to be found in the protocere ...	1989	2481634
[sensitivity of mosquito larvae to insecticides in the region of tunis in 1984 and 1988].	three pesticides were tested in the laboratory (chlorpirifos, temephos and fenthion) against culex pipiens larvae. the study was conducted in the area of tunis during the years 1984 to 1988. after several years of treatment with there organophosphoric compounds, the resistance rates reached by the treated larval population never exceeded 15, which is much lower than the rates observed in other countries.	1989	2482709
laboratory evaluation of three mosquito pathogenic strains of bacillus sphaericus isolated in egypt.	three strains of bacillus sphaericus h-5a5b designated ghar. 1 & 10, ghar. 2 & 20, and ghar. 3 & 30 were tested for growth, virulence, and larvicidal activity against culex pipiens in the laboratory. incubation temperature was positively correlated (r = 0.91) to the rate of bacterial growth (strain ghar. 2 & 20). all three strains retained their virulence through 25 successive transfers on nutrient agar. acetone powder preparations showed high larvicidal activity against c. pipiens, although sec ...	1989	2738418
variation in binding of bacillus sphaericus toxin and wheat germ agglutinin to larval midgut cells of six species of mosquitoes.	bacillus sphaericus toxin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate was readily ingested by culex pipiens, aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, anopheles gambiae, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and anopheles albimanus larvae. fluorescent toxin bound to the luminal cell surface in discrete regions of the posterior midgut and gastric caecum in c. pipiens. in anopheles spp., toxin bound in a variable pattern to these structures and central and anterior midgut as well. the toxin did not bind to midgut cell ...	1989	2566636
[multiyear ecologic faunistic research on culicidae in dnepropetrovsk province. 1].	hydrologic characteristic of dnepropetrovsk, which is situated in drought steppe zone, is presented. comparative study of bloodsucking mosquito fauna in 4 regions of the town with different urbanization degree was carried out. the fauna in a town differs considerably from natural biotopes. penetration of forest-steppe and forest mosquitoes into town is explained by the features of the microclimate and hydrologic status of the town. active season of some species lasts longer in town conditions. h ...	1989	2576461
the mode of inheritance of fenitrothion resistance in culex pipiens l. larvae (diptera:culicidae).	the genetics of fenitrothion resistance in cx. pipiens larvae was studied to determine its mode of inheritance. a laboratory susceptible and fenitrothion-resistant larval strains were used. reciprocal crosses between the resistant and susceptible strains showed an f1 generation of partial dominance with slight cytoplasmic effect. the f2 generation underwent segregation into three genotypes, viz. susceptible, hybrid and resistant in the ratio of 1:2:1. the progenies of backcrosses to resistant an ...	1990	2230327
generation and transmission of rift valley fever viral reassortants by the mosquito culex pipiens.	reassortant viruses containing heterologous s and m genomic rna segments were obtained from both mosquito and vertebrate hosts that had been coinfected with egyptian and senegalese strains of rift valley fever (rvf) virus. the origin of the s and m rna segments in each plaque-cloned virus was determined with monoclonal antibodies capable of differentiating the nucleocapsid protein (s segment marker) or the g1 glycoprotein (m segment marker) of the parental strains. in the mosquito culex pipiens, ...	1990	2230736
[enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of larvicidal toxic proteins of bacillus sphaericus ts-1].	bacillus sphaericus ts-1 mosquito larvicidal toxins 42 k da and 43 k da were isolated by sephadex g-200 chromatography. three strains of highly toxic b. sphaericus and two non toxic strains were screened for toxic proteins using elisa. the lowest detectable toxin level was 1.56 x 10(-5) mg/ml. non toxic strains did not produce antigens reacting to either the 42 kda or the 43 kda antibodies. ts-1 cultures were examined at 12 and 24 h by lc50 bioassay against culex pipiens. the lc50's at 12 h and ...	1990	2251829
characterization of amplification core and esterase b1 gene responsible for insecticide resistance in culex.	organophosphorus insecticide (op) resistance in several culex species is associated with increased esterase activity resulting from amplification of the corresponding structural gene. in culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, high levels of op resistance (approximately 800 times) are due to the esterase b1 gene, which is amplified at least 250-fold. this gene has now been sequenced, and the structure of the amplification unit (amplicon) encompassing the structural gene has been partially characterized. ...	1990	2320576
transmission of rift valley fever virus by adult mosquitoes after ingestion of virus as larvae.	we studied the ability of culex pipiens, aedes circumluteolus, and ae. mcintoshi, exposed as larvae to liver tissue from a rift valley fever (rvf) virus-infected hamster, to become infected and transstadially transmit virus to the adult and for the adults to transmit virus by bite to hamsters. after exposure as larvae, 9% (5/54) of adult cx. pipiens and 8% (38/505) of the adult ae. (neomelaniconion) species were infected. all of the infected cx. pipiens and about half of the infected ae. circuml ...	1990	2267972
binding of western equine encephalomyelitis virus to brush border fragments isolated from mesenteronal epithelial cells of mosquitoes.	brush border fragments (bbf) were isolated from mesenteronal epithelial cells of mosquitoes that are either susceptible (ws culex tarsalis) or refractory (wr cx. tarsalis; culex pipiens) to peroral infection by western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus. the isolated bbf were combined with radiolabeled wee virus in a binding assay to compare the amount of virus bound by bbf from susceptible and refractory mosquitoes. bbf and wee virus were mixed in a microcentrifuge tube, incubated for 1 h and ...	1990	2291333
methacrylate embedding as a new technique for histopathological studies on the effect of bacillus thuringiensis against culex pipiens.	studies on the pathogen bacillus thuringiensis in egypt and its possible role as a biological control agent have been reviewed. more emphasis in research was given to some lepidopterous cotton pests and few other species. histopathological changes in b. thuringiensis treated larvae could be observed in the midgut. the methacrylate embedding technique achieved satisfactory results in concern of better preservation of histological fine details.	1990	2332647
changes in free amino acid concentration in the hemolymph of the female culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae), after a blood meal.	the analysis of the free amino acids in the hemolymph of female culex pipiens pallens l. indicated that asparagine, glutamine, glycine, leucine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine noticeably increased in concentration during a blood meal digestion at 22 degrees c. the concentrations started to rise at about 4 h, reaching maximal level at 12-24 h, and then gradually returned to the prefeeding level by the fifth day after the blood meal. before the sharp increase, the concentrations of aspara ...	1990	2332874
cytochemical studies of developmental stages during oogenesis in culex pipiens molestus (forskål). i. lipids and carbohydrates.	lipids and carbohydrates were studied in the polytrophic ovaries of culex pipiens molestus during oogenesis. the cytoplasm of both the oocyte and the nurse cells contains lipid structures at all stages of development--granules in the early stages and spheres in the later stages. intranuclear lipid bodies can be demonstrated in the oocyte and in the nurse cells. after leaving the nucleus, lipids are deposited in the peripheral cytoplasm. from the third to the seventh adult phase, lipid granules a ...	1990	2341083
[the mass rearing of the mermithid nematode romanomermis culicivorax].	the procedure of mass laboratory rearing of mermithid nematode romanomermis culicivorax, a parasite of mosquito larvae, is described. culex pipiens molestus larvae are used as a host for cultivation at the host: preparasites ratios of 1:4-1:6, enabling to obtain the greatest mass of nematodes (over 500 mg per 1 thousand of infested mosquito larvae) when the male female ratio in culture was 1:1. this rearing technique allows to obtain on average 350 thousand invasive mermithid preparasites per 1 ...	1990	2352520
biometrical variations in haematophagous arthropods. ii. dv/d ratio of male terminalia of wild culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae) in india.	the dv/d ratio of male terminalia is considered as most reliable morphometric feature to distinguish culex pipiens from cx. quinquefasciatus. in india although only cx. quinquefasciatus is known both in the filariasis (bancroftian) endemic and non-endemic areas, there has been no study on the amounts of morphometric variation among wild strains of this species. this paper reports variation in the dv/d ratio of cx. quinquefasciatus collected from 7 localities of delhi (d), lucknow (l), patna (p), ...	1990	2230023
transfer of the toxin protein genes of bacillus sphaericus into bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and their expression.	the genes encoding the toxic determinants of bacillus sphaericus have been expressed in a nontoxic and a toxic strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. in both cases, the b. sphaericus toxin proteins were produced at a high level during sporulation of b. thuringiensis and accumulated as crystalline structures. b. thuringiensis transformants expressing b. sphaericus and b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxins did not show a significant enhancement of toxicity against aedes aegypti, ...	1990	2306087
aedes albopictus and other container-inhabiting mosquitoes in the united states: results of an eight-city survey.	extensive surveys were conducted in 1987 in baytown, tx; lafayette, shreveport and baton rouge, la; memphis, tn; kansas city, mo; evansville, in; and jacksonville, fl. the program objective was to determine the intensity of aedes albopictus infestations, to evaluate the degree to which ae. albopictus had spread into residential areas, to document habitat selection and to obtain background information for possible suppression or eradication projects. this report describes the survey methods and p ...	1990	2370523
[the phage sensitivity and insecticidal activity of local strains of bacillus sphaericus].	the sensitivity of 132 local isolates of b. sphaericus to phages 3, 4 and sst of a. yousten has been studied. according to this incomplete phage typing, most of the strains are classified in the third phage group. a high-degree correlation between sensitivity to phage 4 and insecticidal activity was established, owing to which this sensitivity can be used as an initial criterion for selection of newly isolated strains. lc50 and lc90 of one reference and six local strains of b. sphaericus were de ...	1990	2097884
effect of environmental temperature on the vector competence of culex pipiens and cx. torrentium for ockelbo virus.	the effects of environmental temperature on ockelbo virus infection, dissemination, and transmission were studied in culex torrentium and in the uppsala and the el gabal strains of cx. pipiens. temperatures tested included 10 degrees c, 17 degrees c, 24 degrees c, and a cyclic (10-24 degrees c, mean = 17 degrees c) regimen designed to mimic typical hourly temperatures in an area endemic for ockelbo disease in sweden during the transmission season. the vector competence of both the uppsala and th ...	1990	2173433
apparent influence of the stage of blood meal digestion on the efficacy of ground applied ulv aerosols for the control of urban culex mosquitoes. ii. laboratory evidence.	the susceptibility of adult culex pipiens s.l., culiseta melanura and aedes aegypti to insecticide aerosols in wind tunnel exposures varied with time, depending on the stage of blood meal digestion. greater than 2-fold differences were observed in the concentrations of malathion and synergized resmethrin required to kill test mosquitoes, depending on whether they had been given a blood meal and, if they had, the length of time following the blood meal. the period of lowest susceptibility varied ...	1990	2230763
larvicidal effects of grain sorghum (sorghum bicolor) seedling extracts upon culex pipiens larvae.	a study of laboratory and field reared 2nd and 3rd instar culex pipiens larvae suggests that extracts from 2 varieties of sorghum bicolor seedlings are significant (p less than 0.05) larvicides under laboratory conditions. these plant extracts contain the organic cyanogen dhurrin and were calibrated to produce 90% mortality in 2nd instar culex pipiens larvae at 0.82 ppm and 90% mortality in 3rd instar larvae at 1.12 ppm. a preliminary behavioral assessment of late 3rd instar larvae exposed to 1. ...	1990	2230780
vector roles of fennoscandian mosquitoes attracted to mammals, birds and frogs.	1. mosquitoes were sampled with five suction traps, from may to october 1983, at a forest site in south-central sweden. 2. twenty-three species of mosquitoes were identified among the total of 3108 females collected: 4% of them in an unbaited trap, 3% in a trap baited with two frogs, 24% with a guinea-pig, 28% with a hen and 40% in a trap baited with a rabbit. 3. the dominant species of culicidae trapped were 39% aedes communis (de geer), 21% ae. cinereus meigen, 14% coquillettidia richiardii (f ...	1990	1983455
control of culex pipiens by bacillus sphaericus and role of nontarget arthropods in its recycling.	bacillus sphaericus was used to control culex pipiens breeding in a water treatment settling basin near montpellier, france. four treatments with 4 liters/ha (3.6 lb/acre) of commercially available b. sphaericus formulation (vectolex) reduced the larval population of cx. pipiens with 50-600 spores of b. sphaericus/ml recorded in the treated portions of the water plant 14 days following the last treatment. natural recycling of the bacteria was shown to take place at the water surface where germin ...	1990	2324725
chromosomal organization of the amplified esterase b1 gene in organophosphate-resistant culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say (diptera, culicidae).	in culex pipiens quinquefasciatus from california, high resistance to organophosphorus insecticides is due to an increased production of the detoxifying esterase b1 resulting from a 250-fold amplification of the structural gene. the chromosomal organization of this amplified gene was studied by in situ hybridization techniques. esterase b1 gene copies were found to be clustered on a single chromosome, tentatively identified as chromosome ii.	1990	2332161
the mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in maliuc (danube delta)--faunistical and ecological data.	the paper reports the results of the survey of the mosquito fauna in the maliuc area (danube delta) in 1983-1985. 16 mosquito species have been recorded in the area during the investigations: anopheles maculipennis--complex, an. hyrcanus, uranotaenia unguiculata, coquillettidia richiardii, culiseta annulata, aedes vexans, ae. cinereus, ae. caspius, ae. dorsalis, ae. excrucians, ae. flavescens, ae. leucomelas, ae. intrudens, culex pipiens, c. martinii, cx. modestus. they have been captured by lig ...	1990	1983702
chromosomal localization and copy number of 18s + 28s ribosomal rna genes in evolutionarily diverse mosquitoes (diptera, culicidae).	in situ hybridization using 3h-labeled 18s and 28s ribosomal dna (rdna) probes from aedes albopictus was performed on the mitotic chromosomes of 20 species of mosquitoes belonging to 8 genera of subfamilies culicinae and anophelinae. in all but one species examined, the rdna family was localized to a single chromosome per haploid genome. aedes triseriatus was the only exception, with the rdna cistrons present on chromosome 1 and on chromosome 3. the ribosomal rna genes were located on chromosome ...	1990	2093704
tropical extension of temperature zone culex pipiens throughout egypt.	to explore the southern limit of the temperate zone form of the culex pipiens complex of mosquitoes in north africa, we compared the structure of the copulatory structures of such male mosquitoes sampled along the length of egypt. larval mosquitoes were collected in 11 sites distributed along the entire egyptian span of the nile valley as well as in sites along the central red sea coast and in the western desert. four of these sites were sampled repeatedly, at various times of the year. a dv/d r ...	1990	2098477
peroral susceptibility of aedes albifasciatus and culex pipiens complex mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from argentina to western equine encephalitis virus.	the transmission cycle of western equine encephalitis (wee) virus in south america is unknown. a wee virus strain was isolated from aedes albifasciatus in argentina during the wee epizootic of 1982-83. also, culex pipiens from argentina was reported to be able to transmit wee virus experimentally, but other results indicate that cx. pipiens from the usa is refractory to this virus. we determined the susceptibility of argentina strains of ae. albifasciatus and culex pipiens complex mosquitos to i ...	1990	2103643
cloning and expression of mosquito larvicidal protein gene from a highly toxic local strain of bacillus sphaericus.	bacillus sphaericus strain 10 (bs10), isolated from jiangsu province of china, is highly toxic to the mosquito larvae. during sporulation, bs10 produces a parasporal crystalline protein which is toxic to the larvae of a number of mosquito species, and extremely toxic against the larvae of culex pipiens. using the escherichia coli cloning vector pat153, two clones which hybridized with the synthesizing 18-bases oligonucleotides probe have been obtained. one of the recombinants, tg1 (pfl37), conta ...	1990	2104208
the 42- and 51-kilodalton mosquitocidal proteins of bacillus sphaericus 2362: construction of recombinants with enhanced expression and in vivo studies of processing and toxicity.	after site-directed mutagenesis, the genes coding for the 42- and 51-kilodalton (kda) mosquitocidal proteins of bacillus sphaericus 2362 were placed under the regulation of the apre (subtilisin) promoter of the bacillus subtilis vector pue (a derivative of pub18). the levels of expression of the gene products in b. subtilis db104 and b. sphaericus 718 were assessed by bioassays with larvae of culex pipiens and by western immunoblots. the results indicated that a higher amount of protein was prod ...	1990	2110136
[the occurrence of diptera in living quarters].	more than 150 species of diptera belonging to 46 families were caught in a flat in the outskirts of berlin between april and october 1986. 2148 specimens were collected. fannia canicularis was the most frequent species with 726 specimens. drosophila melanogaster, culex pipiens, lucilia sericata, sarcophaga carnaria, calliphora vicina, muscina stabulans and fannia manicata were other important synanthropic flies, which inclusively fannia canicularis amounted 55% of the total catching rate. the re ...	1990	2127165
bait-fed adult culex pipiens carry the larvicide bacillus sphaericus to the larval habitat.	sugar meals of plant origin are a basic component of mosquito diet. we show that sugar baits have potential as vehicles for control agents. when culex pipiens l. resting-sites were sprayed with sucrose solution, with or without incorporation of the larval toxicant bacillus sphaericus neide, 47% of female mosquitoes fed in situ. dispersing b. sphaericus-carrier mosquitoes caused larval mortality in breeding-sites 60-100 m from the sprayed resting-sites. the effect was not seen where no adults res ...	1990	2132993
antibacteriophage action on the larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 and bacillus sphaericus against culex pipiens.	an organically polluted mosquito breeding water was tested for the presence of bacteriophages which could inhibit the larvicidal activity of b. thuringiensis h-14 and b. sphaericus. more than one bacteriophage were isolated which could inhibit the tested bacteria. the sensitivity of the two bacterial species to 12 antibiotics was tested. two of them, showed no antibacterial action, were selected and considered as antivirus agents in the bacteriophage assays; namely, amoxycillin and co-trimoxazol ...	1990	2133905
the histochemical localization of atpase, cholinesterase and acid phosphatase activity in culex pipiens (diptera, culicidae) larvae using a methacrylate embedding technique.	a method is described for the demonstration of atpase, cholinesterase and acid phosphatase activity in thin sections of mosquito larvae fixed in 1:9 v/v mixture of acetone and 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in hydroxyethyl methacrylate (hema). atpase activity, observed as a black brown precipitate, was found in the brush border of gastric caeca and microvilli of columnar epithelial cells of the hind gut and malpighian tubules. some basal cell membrane activity could also be seen. cho ...	1990	2149083
swedish culex torrentium and cx. pipiens (diptera: culicidae) as experimental vectors of ockelbo virus.	the ability of the sibling species culex pipiens (l.) and culex torrentium (martini) from central sweden to transmit ockelbo (ock) virus was determined. both species became infected after ingesting ock virus from a viremic chicken; they transmitted this virus to chickens after 21-28 d of extrinsic incubation. in cx. torrentium, infection rates were 90% or higher, and all 10 refeeding mosquitoes transmitted virus after feeding on chickens with a viremia of at least 10(3.0) plaque-forming units (p ...	1990	2167372
[clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia, a new anaerobic bacterium pathogen to mosquito and blackfly larvae].	a strain of clostridium bifermentans individualized as serovar malaysia (c.b.m.) according to its specific h antigen is toxic to mosquito and blackfly larvae when given orally. the toxicity occurs in sporulated cells which contain, in addition to spores, proteinic parasporal inclusion bodies and feather-like appendages; the amino acid content of the inclusion bodies is similar to that of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (b.t.i.) and b. sphaericus crystals. the toxicity to anopheles ste ...	1990	1972899
biochemical key to eight species of adult egyptian mosquitoes.	1. an electrophoretic key is described, based on enzyme relative mobility, to distinguish eight species of egyptian mosquito adults. 2. using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis, five different enzyme assays unambiguously separated culex pipiens l., cx antennatus (becker), cx pusillus macquart, aedes caspius (pallas), culiseta longiareolata (macquart), uranotaenia unguiculata edwards, anopheles multicolor cambouliu and an.pharoensis theobald. 3. diagnostic loci between species were: ak-2, g6pd ...	1991	1685104
selection of cyanobacteria isolated from mosquito breeding sites as a potential food source for mosquito larvae.	one way to increase the persistence of larvicidal toxins in mosquito breeding sites is to clone the corresponding genes in microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria, which could serve as a source of food for the larvae. we isolated and cultured 10 strains of cyanobacteria from three mosquito breeding sites along the french mediterranean coast. most of the strains were tolerant to a relatively wide range of salt concentrations, and all of them were totally or partially resistant to at least four of t ...	1991	1677241
[trials of the insecticides icon and ficam against mosquitoes in the southern ussr].	two residual insecticides (icon 10% wp, ici and ficam w 80% wp, camco) were in 1989 tested in field trials in tajikistan, azerbaijan and uzbekistan against anopheles superpictus, an. sacharovi, an. pulcherrimus, an. martinius, culex pipiens, aedes caspius, and ae. vexans. in dosages recommended by the producing companies (0.025 g/m2 a. i. for icon and 0.4 g/m2 for ficam), the above preparations showed residual action during 2-3 months. icon and ficam did not cause irritability and repellency in ...	1991	2067463
mosquito species collected from a marsh in western kenya during the long rains.	a total of 475,431 mosquitoes representing 8 genera and 43 species were collected from a marsh in the western kenya highlands to determine species composition and succession in relation to the epidemiology of rift valley fever virus. culex pipiens was the most common species, totalling 92.3% of the collection, followed by cx. zombaensis (2.2%), anopheles coustani (1.1%), an. squamosus (0.8%), mansonia uniformis (0.6%), coquillettidia microannulatus (0.5%), uranotaenia mashonaensis (0.5%), ma. af ...	1991	1686445
selection for fenitrothion--resistance in culex pipiens l larvae (diptera: culicidae).	laboratory selection of culex pipiens larvae by fenitrothion pressure for 24 generations resulted in 25.67 fold increase in resistance to this compound. adults resulted from the selected larvae also acquired resistance (32.3 fold) to fenitrothion. stability of resistance was tested and indicated that regression in resistance only occurred at lower level that regression in resistance only occurred at lower level of selection. cross resistance to malathion and dld slightly increased by 2.1-fold an ...	1991	2033297
genetic similarity among egyptian populations of culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae).	geographic variation among culex pipiens l. populations was studied along a north-south transect across egypt. horizontal starch gel electrophoresis of 10 enzyme loci permitted estimates of adult polymorphism for 10 demes of cx. pipiens. levels of genetic variability, as indicated by a mean of 1.25 alleles per locus, a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.023, and a proportion of 0.25 of the loci being polymorphic, indicated limited genetic heterogeneity within and among demes. nei's estimates of g ...	1991	2056499
deletion by in vivo recombination shows that the 28-kilodalton cytolytic polypeptide from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is not essential for mosquitocidal activity.	the cyta gene encoding the 28-kda polypeptide of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystals was disrupted in the 72-mda resident plasmid by in vivo recombination, thus indicating that homologous recombination occurs in b. thuringiensis. the absence of the 28-kda protein in b. thuringiensis did not affect the crystallization of the other toxic components of the parasporal body (68-, 125-, and 135-kda polypeptides). the absence of the 28-kda protein abolished the hemolytic activity of b. t ...	1991	1675212
[the specific nature of the irritability to fenitrothion and malathion in blood-sucking mosquitoes].	several populations of malaria mosquitos were previously discovered to have different irritability to two insecticides of the organophosphorous group, such as fenitrothion and malathion. individual comparison of fenitrothion and malathion irritability levels in laboratory colonies of anopheles stephensi, an. atroparvus, culex pipiens, aedes aegypti, and ae. togoi and in the natural population of an. martinius has shown that irritability to the two chemicals is specific in all the six species. th ...	1991	1676826
comparison of four membranes for artificially bloodfeeding mosquitoes.	four species of mosquitoes, aedes aegypti, ae. triseriatus, culex pipiens and cx. tarsalis, were allowed access to defibrinated rabbit blood via 4 different membranes and a standard membrane feeder. natural animal skins (mouse or quail) were the most effective. more than 50% of the aedes mosquitoes fed within 5 min and approximately 90% fed within 20 min on either mouse or quail skin. culex species fed best on quail skin, but the difference in feeding on quail skin and sheep intestine was not si ...	1991	1680153
production & formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis & b. sphaericus 1593.	three fermentation media each for bulk growth of b. thuringiensis var. israelensis and b. sphaericus 1593 were formulated using defatted groundnut cake (arachis hypogea) as the first nitrogen source and gram flour (cicer arientinum), soy bean (glycine max) and defatted milk powder as the second nitrogen source. medium containing gram flour showed highest toxicity (14.45 micrograms/l) in case of b. thuringiensis var. israelensis whereas medium containing milk powder was found to be highly toxic w ...	1991	1778620
amblyospora sp. (microspora, amblyosporidae) infecting nerve ganglia of culex pipiens (diptera, culicidae) from egypt.	a species of amblyospora-infecting neurones of culex pipiens is described. diplokaryotic meronts, which divided by binary fission, were distinguished at the electron microscope level by their unthickened plasma membranes. sporonts with an electron-dense surface coat gave rise to eight uninucleate sporoblasts within a sporophorous vesicle, cytoplasmic division occurring at the quadrinucleate or octonucleate stages. indications that nuclear fusion and chromosome reorganization occurred in merogony ...	1991	1783780
worldwide migration of amplified insecticide resistance genes in mosquitoes.	in culex pipiens, overproduction of nonspecific esterases is a common mechanism of resistance to organophosphate insecticides. the esterases are attributed to closely linked loci named a and b according to substrate preference, and overproduction of all esterases b is due to gene amplification. distribution of electrophoretically distinct variants of overproduced esterases a and b is geographically restricted, with the exception of esterases a2 and b2, always found together throughout at least t ...	1991	2005964
release of wuchereria bancrofti by culex pipiens.		1991	2033305
potential for mosquito transmission of attenuated strains of rift valley fever virus.	studies were conducted to determine if two attenuated strains of rift valley fever (rvf) virus could be transmitted by culex pipiens mosquitoes. both strains (rvf mp 12 and t1) replicated in and were transmitted by female cx. pipiens after intrathoracic inoculation. mosquitoes also became infected with and transmitted the rvf mp12 strain after ingesting virus from a blood-soaked cotton pledget. however, because of the low viremias produced in infected animals, it is unlikely that mosquitoes woul ...	1991	2035749
effect of ichthyomycin on the ultrastructure of tissues of culex pipiens.	a new antibiotic ichthyomycin produced by streptomyces sp. strain 1107 was tested for its toxicity and effect on the ultrastructure of tissues of larvae of culex pipiens autogenicus. concentrations used were 5 x 10(-7), 2.5 x 10(-7), 1.5 x 10(-7) and 1 x 10(-7) g ml-1. the mortality of larvae after 24 h exposure was 90, 30, 0 and 0%, and after 48 h was 100, 100, 87 and 0%, respectively. the effect of the antibiotic was most evident on mitochondria. they distended and ruptured with subsequent dis ...	1991	2055103
isolation and identification of bacillus sphaericus strains pathogenic for mosquito larvae.	three selective media for the isolation of bacillus sphaericus have been compared. bats medium and a formulation employing adenosine as the principal carbon source were the most effective for the recovery of spores of strain 1593. anthranilic acid as the principal carbon source was less efficient. eighty-four strains were isolated from mud samples using these media and were identified by computer. identifications were confirmed for representative strains using dna sequence homology. most were b. ...	1991	2066574
biochemical genetics of phosphohydrolase polymorphism in culex pipiens complex.	1. single 4th-instar larvae were used in the investigation of alkaline phosphohydrolase (aph) variability in culex pipiens quinequefasciatus. the genetic basis of isozyme variability was determined from genetic crosses performed with isogenic and hybrid strains of mosquitoes. 2. isozyme electromorphs presented four enzyme activity zones, three monomorphic and one polymorphic, correspondent with four aph gene loci (aph1, aph2, aph3 and aph4). 3. all isozymes migrated anodically, with aph4 isozyme ...	1991	1664307
attractiveness of vertebrate hosts to culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) and other mosquitoes in israel.	host preferences of mosquitoes, mainly culex pipiens l. and aedes caspius (pallas), were studied in israel using live baits, chemical attractants, light, and suction traps. the feeding habits of cx. pipiens were opportunistic. this species used a wide range of mammalian and avian hosts; a calf, chickens, turkeys, and sheep were the most attractive baits. a. caspius fed mainly on large mammals and was most attracted to calf and sheep baits. although sheep were attractive, few cx. pipiens and no a ...	1991	1674543
life cycle of hepatozoon mehlhorni sp. nov. in the viper echis carinatus and the mosquito culex pipiens.	hepatozoon mehlhori sp. nov. and its developmental stages from the tissues of the egyptian viper echis carinatus and the mosquito culex pipiens are described. the erythrocytic parasites were differentiated into the small form (trophozoite) measuring 14.5 +/- 0.6 x 4 +/- 0.12 micron and the mature form (gametocyte) measuring 17.2 +/- 1.6 x 5.4 +/- 0.5 micron. merogony took place in the pulmonary endothelial cells and in the parenchyma cells of the liver and spleen of the infected vipers. two type ...	1991	1891449
identification of reduced fitness associated with an insecticide resistance gene in culex pipiens by microtitre plate tests.		1991	1768930
impact of stressful conditions on the survival of culex pipiens exposed to rift valley fever virus.	several groups of rift valley fever (rvf) virus-exposed and unexposed culex pipiens were allowed differential access to a carbohydrate food source and their survival monitored. when stressed by deprivation of a carbohydrate source, mean survival times of rvf virus-exposed mosquitoes were consistently higher than those of unexposed mosquitoes in each of the carbohydrate-deficient experiments. these differences were statistically significant when mosquitoes were provided 5% sucrose for 24 hours. m ...	1991	1787408
[experience in suppressing the mosquito count in basement flooding in the city of nukus].	large-scale trials of bacterial insecticides (bac. sphaericus and bac. thuringiensis) and of 5 synthetic pyrethroids were carried out in nukus, uzbekistan, in order to evaluate their effectiveness against culex pipiens molestus forsk (diptera: culicidae) breeding in flooded basements in urban areas. lambdacyhaothrine (karate, 5% e.c.) in the dosage of 0.01 g/m2 a. i. was found to be the most effective. application of permethrine containing thermosublimated briquettes for quick elimination of adu ...	1991	1839053
effect of certain formulations of the bacterial larvicide, bacillus thuringiensis, serotype h-14 on culex pipiens l. in egypt.		1991	1875070
effect of nutritive elements on the extracellular protein of different bacillus strains, toxic to mosquito larvae.	the effect of 5 nutritional elements (glucose, peptone, yeast extract, beef extract and lactic acid) on the growth of the 4 tested bacillus strains (bacillus thuringiensis bactimos 78, b. thuringiensis ips 82, b. sphaericus solvay 85 and b. sphaericus rb 80) as well as on the concentration of their extracellular proteins were studied. the nutritive elements were individually tested either dissolved in distilled water or in a buffer base. results indicated that the bacterial growth was higher whe ...	1991	1875084