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does autocthonous primary production influence oviposition by aedes japonicus japonicus (diptera: culicidae) in container habitats?aedes (finlaya) japonicus japonicus (theobald) (diptera: culicidae) is recently invasive in north america and has expanded its range rapidly since 1998. throughout its native and expanded range, ae. j. japonicus larvae are commonly observed in many types of natural and artificial water-filled containers that vary in organic matter content and exposure to sunlight. larvae are most often found in containers with decaying leaf material or algae, and we postulated that the added autocthonous primary ...023427654
invasion biology of aedes japonicus japonicus (diptera: culicidae).aedes japonicus japonicus (theobald) (diptera: culicidae) has recently expanded beyond its native range of japan and korea into large parts of north america and central europe. population genetic studies begun immediately after the species was detected in north america revealed genetically distinct introductions that subsequently merged, likely contributing to the successful expansion. interactions, particularly in the larval stage, with other known disease vectors give this invasive subspecies ...024397520
preliminary analysis of several attractants and spatial repellents for the mosquito, aedes albopictus using an olfactometer.mosquito attractants and spatial repellents hold great promise in controlling mosquito pests. in assessing the effectiveness of mosquito attractants and repellents, a good olfactometer system, and optimized testing conditions, are essential. in this research, we demonstrated the usefulness of an olfactometer system, and optimized testing conditions for aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). we found no significant difference in the biting activity of the insect between 8:00 and 22:00. furthermor ...023418948
dispersal of culex mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from a wastewater treatment facility.a mark-recapture project examined dispersal and flight distances of culex mosquitoes from a wastewater treatment plant in albany, ny, during 2007 and 2008. a self-marking device was constructed to mark egressing mosquitoes with fluorescent marking powder. mosquitoes were recaptured using 30 cdc miniature light traps located within a 2.0 km radius of the marking site. a total of 13 and 10 marked culex mosquitoes were recaptured in 2007 and 2008, respectively. culex mosquitoes traveled a minimum o ...022308769
species interactions among larval mosquitoes: context dependence across habitat gradients.biotic interactions involving mosquito larvae are context dependent, with effects of interactions on populations altered by ecological conditions. relative impacts of competition and predation change across a gradient of habitat size and permanence. asymmetrical competition is common and ecological context changes competitive advantage, potentially facilitating landscape-level coexistence of competitors. predator effects on mosquito populations sometimes depend on habitat structure and on emerge ...019067629
adulticidal & larvicidal efficacy of three neonicotinoids against insecticide susceptible & resistant mosquito strains.due to ever growing insecticide resistance in mosquitoes to commonly used insecticides in many parts of the globe, there is always a need for introduction of new insecticides for the control of resistant vector mosquitoes. in this study, larvicidal and adulticidal efficacies of three neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) were tested against resistant and susceptible populations of anopheles stephensi liston 1901, aedes (stegomyia) aegypti linnaeus, and culex quinquefasciatu ...026905244
larval anopheline mosquito recta exhibit a dramatic change in localization patterns of ion transport proteins in response to shifting salinity: a comparison between anopheline and culicine larvae.mosquito larvae live in dynamic aqueous environments, which can fluctuate drastically in salinity due to environmental events such as rainfall and evaporation. larval survival depends upon the ability to regulate hemolymph osmolarity by absorbing and excreting ions. a major organ involved in ion regulation is the rectum, the last region for modification of the primary urine before excretion. the ultrastructure and function of culicine larval recta have been studied extensively; however, very lit ...018805805
light-emitting diode technology improves insect trapping.in a climate of increased funding for vaccines, chemotherapy, and prevention of vector-borne diseases, fewer resources have been directed toward improving disease and vector surveillance. recently developed light-emitting diode (led) technology was applied to standard insect-vector traps to produce a more effective lighting system. this approach improved phlebotomine sand fly capture rates by 50%, and simultaneously reduced the energy consumption by 50-60%. the leds were incorporated into 2 ligh ...018666546
the remarkable journey of adaptation of the plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite to new world anopheline mosquitoes.plasmodium falciparum originated in africa, dispersed around the world as a result of human migration and had to adapt to several different indigenous anopheline mosquitoes. anophelines from the new world are evolutionary distant form african ones and this probably resulted in a more stringent selection of plasmodium as it adapted to these vectors. it is thought that plasmodium has been genetically selected by some anopheline species through unknown mechanisms. the mosquito immune system can gre ...025185006
pathogenicity tests on nine mosquito species and several non-target organisms with strelkovimermis spiculatus (nemata mermithidae).nine species of mosquitoes and several species of non-target aquatic organisms were tested for susceptibility to the mernaithid nematode, strelkovimermis spiculatus. all species of anopheles, aedes, culex, and toxorhynchites exposed to s. spiculatus were susceptible. of the nine mosquito species tested, c. pipiens quinquefasciatus had the greatest tolerance to initial invasion and the highest percent infection of those that survived. high levels of infection were also achieved with aedes taenior ...019274233
cloning and sequence analysis of chitin synthase gene fragments of demodex mites.to our knowledge, few reports on demodex studied at the molecular level are available at present. in this study our group, for the first time, cloned, sequenced and analyzed the chitin synthase (chs) gene fragments of demodex folliculorum, demodex brevis, and demodex canis (three isolates from each species) from xi'an china, by designing specific primers based on the only partial sequence of the chs gene of d. canis from japan, retrieved from genbank. results show that amplification was successf ...023024043
blood feeding patterns of potential arbovirus vectors of the genus culex targeting ectothermic hosts.reptiles and amphibians constitute a significant portion of vertebrate biomass in terrestrial ecosystems and may be important arbovirus reservoirs. to investigate mosquito preference for ectothermic hosts, feeding indices were calculated from data collected in tuskegee national forest, alabama, usa. four mosquito species fed upon ectothermic hosts, with culex peccator and cx. territans feeding primarily upon ectotherms. these two species appeared to target distinct species with little overlap in ...018981528
bothaella manhi, a new species of tribe aedini (diptera: culicidae) from the cuc phuong national park of vietnam based on morphology and dna sequence.a new species of genus bothaella (diptera: culicidae) collected along with two other species of the genus during surveys for flavivirus isolations in the cuc phuong national park in northern vietnam is formally described and named as bothaella manhi, sp. n. the adults, pupa and fourth-instar larva are characterized, the male genitalia and the two immature stages are illustrated and dna sequence data are included for regions coding for sections of the coi and coii genes (mtdna). the species is co ...023155353
mosquito infection studies with aotus monkeys and humans infected with the chesson strain of plasmodiun vivax.oocyst counts were compared between mosquitoes that fed on humans versus mosquitoes that fed on aotus monkeys, both of which were infected with the chesson strain of plasmodium vivax. oocyst counts obtained from mosquitoes fed on humans were almost 10-fold higher in number. mosquitoes were more likely to be infected and with a higher rate of infection when they fed on monkeys before the peak in the asexual parasite count. mosquitoes that fed on humans were more likely to be more heavily infected ...022403307
assessing the use of diurnal resting shelters by culiseta melanura (diptera: culicidae).twenty resting shelters were set on the edge of a known culiseta breeding habitat in four groups of five to support a 4 x 4 latin square field experiment. collection times were 0900, 1100, 1300, and 1500 hours and systematically rotated for the order by which each group of five boxes was collected. mosquitoes were collected from resting shelters by chloroform anesthetization. collections were identified to species, sex, and physiological status of the females (nonblooded or blood-fed and gravid) ...021845953
evidence for pleistocene population divergence and expansion of anopheles albimanus in southern central america.the micro-geographic structure of anopheles albimanus was studied in southern central america using partial sequences of the mtdna cytochrome oxidase subunit i gene (coi). analysis of molecular variance supported significant genetic structure between populations from costa rica and western panama versus those from central-eastern panama (phi(ct) = 0.33), whereas the within group divergence was shallow and statistically insignificant (phi(st) = 0.08). furthermore, a statistical parsimony network ...020065014
molecular phylogeny of neotropical anopheles (nyssorhynchus) albitarsis species complex (diptera: culicidae).a phylogeny was reconstructed for four species belonging to the neotropical anopheles (nyssorhynchus) albitarsis complex using partial sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (coi) and nadh dehydrogenase 4 (nd4) genes and the ribosomal dna its2 and d2 expansion region of the 28s subunit. the basis for initial characterization of each member of the complex was by correlated random amplification of polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr) markers. analyses were carried ou ...018079976
financial implications of refugee malaria: the impact of pre-departure presumptive treatment with anti-malarial drugs.this study is a cost-benefits analysis of the recommendations of the centers for disease control and prevention for presumptive anti-malarial treatment among departing west african refugees. we conducted a retrospective chart review of symptomatic, blood smear-positive cases of malaria seen in minneapolis, minnesota, from 1996 through 2005. billing charges of u.s. care were compared with estimates of implementation costs for overseas treatment. fifty-eight symptomatic malaria infections occurred ...017827360
malaria: probably locally acquired in toronto, ontario.although local acquisition of malaria has been reported in the united states, no such cases have been reported in canada. the authors report a case of plasmodium vivax malaria in a patient with no travel to a malarious area in the preceding nine years, and postulate local acquisition as the most likely explanation for her infection. the only other plausible alternative explanation of equal biological interest would be that this case represents the latest relapse of vivax malaria ever reported.022346541
mass production of coelomomyes, a fungus that kills mosquitoes.in work on the control of mosquitoes by the fungus coelomomyces, the main problem is a source of inoculum since the fungus has not been cultured artificially with production of sporangia. we reared the larvae of anopheles quadrimaculatus in algal water instead of in water with soil. by addition of inoculum once or twice in small amounts, the larvae become infected, and many grow to large fourth instars whose bodies are filled with sporangia. such larvae are perfect for inoculum. if inoculum is a ...04506071
a study of possible modifications of the who method for testing ddt-resistance in mosquito larvae with special reference to anopheles quadrimaculatus (say). 05299760
cheesecloth impregnated with baygon for control of anopheles quadrimaculatus say. 05296238
codon reassignment and amino acid composition in hemichordate mitochondria.in the mitochondrial genome of the hemichordate balanoglossus carnosus, the codon aaa, which is assigned to lysine in most metazoans but to asparagine in echinoderms, is absent. furthermore, the lysine trna gene carries an anticodon substitution that renders its gene product unable to decode aaa codons, whereas the asparagine trna gene has not changed to encode a trna with the ability to recognize aaa codons. thus, the hemichordate mitochondrial genome can be regarded as an intermediate in the p ...09520430
the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the planthopper, sivaloka damnosus.the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence was determined from the plant hopper, sivaloka damnosus chow and lu (hemiptera: issidae), a representative of the insect family issidae. the genome is a circular molecule of 15,287 bp with a total a+t content of 76.5%. the gene content, order, and structure are identical to that in drosophila melanogaster, which is considered ancestral for insects. all 13 protein-coding genes of the s. damnosus mitogenome have a putative inframe atr methion ...020673194
effectiveness of ddt residual sprays when delivered at specific pressures.in an attempt to simplify one element in the practical operation of malaria eradication programmes, experiments were conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of residual ddt delivered at both high and low pressures. the relative effectiveness of insecticidal spray patterns delivered from standard nozzle tips at three different discharge pressures but at approximately the same rate and angle of discharge was measured by bio-assay with non-resistant anopheles quadrimaculatus and by chemic ...014457256
[a method for field detection of adult-mosquito resistance to ddt residues].a test procedure involving simply-constructed, portable test-equipment has been developed for detecting resistance to ddt residual applications by adult mosquitos. the procedure involves timed exposures of adult female mosquitos to ddt residues in chambers made of paper and screen wire, and the determination of the subsequent 24-hour mortalities. data on mortality figures for anopheles quadrimaculatus say as influenced by test-chamber preparation, exposure period, insect age, and testing and hol ...013106700
susceptibility of anopheles quadrimaculatus to korean vivax malaria. 014883281
chromosome changes and insecticide resistance in anopheles quadrimaculatus.certain insecticide-resistant strains of anopheline mosquitos found in the field or developed in the laboratory are known to contain a high proportion of heterozygotes for chromosomal inversions, but up till now it has not been clear how this could be causally related to resistance. in the present investigation, 2 resistant strains and 2 susceptible strains of anopheles quadrimaculatus, and the hybrids between them, were examined for the frequency of inversions. it was found that neither the res ...014166989
dosage-mortality response of anopheles quadrimaculatus exposed to ddvp vapour. 013765046
additional studies with new insecticides as residual sprays in buildings naturally infested with anopheles quadrimacultatus.because some species of anopheles mosquitos have been developing resistance to ddt and dieldrin, field studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of recently developed insecticides as residual sprays in buildings naturally infested with adults of anopheles quadrimaculatus. as a deposit at 2 g/m(2), o-isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate remained highly effective for more than one year. this compound and 6-chloro-3,4-xylyl methylcarbamate were still producing excellent control 11-12 we ...014310903
studies with new insecticides as residual sprays in buildings naturally infested with anopheles quadrimaculatus. 014122434
ddt-resistance and dieldrin-resistance in anopheles quadrimaculatus.the nature and mode of inheritance of both ddt-resistance and dieldrin-resistance in anopheles quadrimaculatus from the united states of america have been studied. dieldrin-resistance is shown to be dependent on a single, semi-dominant, genetic factor, and ddt-resistance on a single, recessive one, though the expression of this latter factor is to some extent dependent on the genetic background. both resistances can occur in the same mosquito but can be separated, thus indicating the independent ...014056269
dichlorvos as a residual fumigant in mud, plywood and bamboo huts.in experiments conducted at savannah, ga., dichlorvos dispensers of montan (lignite) wax installed at a rate of six units per 1000 cubic feet (28 m(3)) in huts with mud or bamboo walls and with thatched roofs produced kills of caged anopheles quadrimaculatus (12 hours' exposure) at or above 95% for 5-6 weeks. the doors, windows, and eaves of the huts were open for maximum ventilation. in a non-ventilated plywood hut, a single dispenser gave effective kills for 7 months but in a non-ventilated mu ...014056275
experiments on the development of malaria parasites in three american species of anopheles.since a knowledge of the susceptibility of any species of anopheles to infection with malaria parasites is of great importance in determining its part in the transmission of malaria, the experiments reported here were undertaken, and included the three most prevalent species of this genus occurring in the united states. as a result of these experiments anopheles punctipennis is shown to be an efficient host of the organisms of tertian and estivo-autumnal malaria, anopheles crucians of estivo-aut ...191619868018
anopheles quadrimaculatus and anopheles punctipennis in salt water. 192017790090
comparative studies of herpetomonads and leishmanias : i. cultivation of herpetomonads from insects and plants.nine strains of herpetomonads have been isolated in pure culture from eight varieties of insects, and three strains from two species of plants. four of the cultures were derived from latex-feeding insects (oncopeltus fasciatus, oncopeltus sp. ?, lygaeus kalmii) and three from latex plants (asclepias syriaca, asclepias nivea), two from mosquitoes (culex pipiens and anopheles quadrimaculatus), one from the house fly (musca domestica), and two from bluebottle flies. in addition impure cultures have ...192619869186
successful cage rearing of anopheles quadrimaculatus. 193217732209
experimental studies on encephalitis : iii. survival of encephalitis virus (st. louis type) in anopheles quadrimaculatus.anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes, fed on mice in which encephalitis virus (st. louis type) is present in the blood stream, take up and retain the virus for the duration of their lives. the titre of the virus in mosquitoes 4 hours after engorging on mice with a maximum blood stream infection represents about 10,000 lethal mouse intracerebral doses per mosquito. this titre drops during the following 2 weeks to about 100 lethal doses per mosquito, but from the 3rd week to the death of the mosqu ...193519870373
artificial shelters for measuring densities of anopheles quadrimaculatus. 194521015639
a technique for the laboratory rearing of anopheles quadrimaculatus say. 194521022178
experiments using ddt for the control of resting adults of anopheles quadrimaculatus say. 194521022166
mosquito larvicide tests; a resume of tests of compounds related to ddt against larvae of anopheles quadrimaculatus. 194620273616
comparative toxicity of p,p'- and o,p'-ddt to larvae of anopheles quadrimaculatus. 194620278206
studies on the use of fluorescent dyes for marking anopheles quadrimaculatus say. 194620283816
an analysis of the design and performance of airplane exhaust generators for the production of ddt aerosols in the control of anopheles quadrimaculatus. 194620995751
organic compounds effective against larvae of anopheles quadrimaculatus; laboratory tests. 194621000969
studies in laboratory rearing of anopheles quadrimaculatus say. 194620985146
the occurrence of anopheles quadrimaculatus, anopheles occidentalis and anopheles walkeri in vermont. 194621023408
studies on imported malarias; transmission of foreign plasmodium vivax by anopheles quadrimaculatus. 194620996631
salinity tolerance of anopheles quadrimaculatus and habitat preference of a. crucians bradleyi. 194720264492
the infectivity of native malarias in south carolina to anopheles quadrimaculatus. 194720340875
residual sprays to control anopheles quadrimaculatus. 194720264494
the effectiveness of ddt residual house sprays in controlling anopheles quadrimaculatus. 194720292035
maintenance of anopheles quadrimaculatus (in the laboratory). 194720290647
the comparative residual toxicity of ddt to anopheles quadrimaculatus when applied on different surfaces. 194720341378
extended laboratory investigations on the toxicity of ddt residues to adults of anopheles quadrimaculatus. 194720341377
a comparison of the residual effectiveness of certain insecticides against anopheles quadrimaculatus. 194818109263
observations on the duration of toxicity of ddt to anopheles quadrimaculatus say under field conditions. 194818867817
the importance of coverage in ddt residual house spraying for control of anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes. 194818908929
the relationship between infectiveness and densities of anopheles quadrimaculatus in a malarious area in south carolina. 194818908065
a far south record of anopheles quadrimaculatus say in florida. 194818865936
the infectivity of native malarias in south carolina to anopheles quadrimaculatus. 194818858032
the experimental hybridization of anopheles quadrimaculatus say and anopheles maculipennis freeborni aitken. 194818885742
studies on imported malaries; the comparative susceptibility of anopheles quadrimaculatus and anopheles maculipennis freeborni to foreign vivax malaria. 194818867816
studies on imported malarias; infectivity to anopheles quadrimaculatus of asymptomatic plasmodium vivax parasitemias. 194818867815
transmission of plasmodium gallinaceum by anopheles quadrimaculatus. 194818895751
relative susceptibility of aëdes aegypti, aëdes albopictus, aëdes canadensis and anopheles quadrimaculatus to plasmodium gallinaceum. 194918137143
observations on ovarian development and fat accumulation in anopheles quadrimaculatus and anopheles punctipennis. 194918142532
rearing of anopheles quadrimaculatus say and aedes aegypti (l.) in the laboratory. 194915406584
an analysis of the chaetotaxy of anopheles quadrimaculatus say. 194915399321
studies on portable resting stations for anopheles quadrimaculatus in the tennessee valley. 194915396802
the effects of larval pollution density on some laboratory characteristics of anopheles quadrimaculatus say. 194918138183
factors in the elimination of the immature stages of anopheles quadrimaculatus say in a water level fluctuation cycle. 194918148502
observations on dispersal of anopheles quadrimaculatus say from a breeding area. 194918142527
seasonal history of anopheles quadrimaculatus in the tennessee valley. 194918150173
anopheles quadrimaculatus activity patterns in the laboratory on untreated and ddt-treated surfaces. 194918150172
laboratory studies on the resistance of anopheles quadrimaculatus to ddt and other insecticides. 194918150171
the lethal effect of the ciliate, vorticella microstoma ehrenberg on anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae. 195014795207
discussion of 5 years' use of ddt residuals against anopheles quadrimaculatus. 195015422363
the comparative susceptibility of anopheles albimanus and anopheles quadrimaculatus to a south carolina strain of plasmodium falciparum. 195014774536
the comparative susceptibility of anopheles quadrimaculatus and anopheles freeborni to infection by plasmodium vivax (st. elizabeth strain). 195014795201
the comparative susceptibility of anopheles quadrimaculatus and two strains of anopheles albimanus to a panama strain of plasmodium falciparum. 195014804094
the susceptibility of anopheles quadrimaculatus to ddt after five years of routine treatment in the tennessee river valley. 195114824936
characteristics of larvicidal sprays applied by aircraft for the control of anopheles quadrimaculatus on impounded water. 195114824935
studies on anopheline larvae. i. the anatomy and function of the so-called "notched organs" of nuttall and shipley on the thorax of larvae of anopheles quadrimaculatus. 195114908557
studies on plasmodium gallinaceum. iv. a comparison of the susceptibility of aedes aegypti, anopheles quadrimaculatus and anopheles freeborni. 195214933391
comparative development of plasmodium relictum oocysts in anopheles quadrimaculatus, a. albimanus, and culex pipiens. 195313035579
development of plasmodium berghei in anopheles quadrimaculatus. 195313065628
the infection of anopheles quadrimaculatus, a human malaria vector, with plasmodium cathemerium, an avian malaria parasite. 195313092378
microanatomical study of ddt-moribund anopheles quadrimaculatus say. 195313056577
susceptibility of anopheles quadrimaculatus and a. albimanus to domestic and foreign strains of plasmodium vivax. 195413197714
effect of topically applied ddt on development of plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum in anopheles quadrimaculatus. 195613292665
infectivity of plasmodium berghei for anopheles quadrimaculatus and other mosquitoes. 195613292666
blood meal volume in anopheles quadrimaculatus, a. albimanus and aedes aegypti. 195613344500
experimental transmission of the dog heartworm, dirofilariaimmitis, by anopheles quadrimaculatus. 195713476313
nitrogen partition in excreta of three species of mosquitoes.adults of three species of mosquitoes, aedes aegypti, anopheles quadrimaculatus and culex pipiens, showed essentially similar patterns of nitrogen output as judged by their excretion of total nitrogen and by their excretion of nitrogen as uric acid, urea, ammonia, amino acid, and protein. about 80 percent of their total nitrogen has been accounted for. substances that seem on analysis to be like glycoprotein have been found in the excreta of the three species.195913658962
susceptibility and resistance of anopheles quadrimaculatus to dirofilaria uniformis. 196113888770
a comparative study of the aldolase systems of aedes aegypi, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and culex quinquefasciatus. 196214486184
rate of equilibration of the contents of the gut of anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae with the surrounding medium. 196314082253
chlorinated insecticides: fate in aqueous suspensions containing mosquito larvae.aldrin, p,p'-ddt, dieldrin, gamma chlordane. heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, j-hydroxychlordene, and lindane were bioassayed against larvae of anopheles quadrimaculatus say; the remnant amounts of insecticide and metabolites in larvae and medium were determined by electron-affinity gas chromatography. the insecticides were surprisingly nonpersistent at concentrations normally used.196414208579
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