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modeling temperature effects on population density of the dengue mosquito aedes aegypti.mosquito density plays an important role in the spread of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue and zika. while it remains very challenging to estimate the density of mosquitoes, modelers have tried different methods to represent it in mathematical models. the goal of this paper is to investigate the various ways mosquito density has been quantified, as well as to propose a dynamical system model that includes the details of mosquito life stages leading to the adult population. we first discuss ...201931703421
aedes aegypti ir8a mutant female mosquitoes show increased attraction to standing water.the detection of water sources is crucial for insects such as mosquitoes to avoid desiccation and survive. in addition, mosquitoes use humidity cues to successfully navigate the environment to find a suitable oviposition site. previous studies have implicated some members of the ionotropic receptor family in humidity sensing by drosophila. here, we investigate if ir8a co-receptor mediates water detection in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. using a simple behavioral assay, we examined the attraction of ...201931700566
microbiota potentialized larvicidal action of imidazolium salts against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).mosquitoes are important vectors of pathogens due to their blood feeding behavior. aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) transmits arboviruses, such as dengue, zika, and chikungunya. this species carries several bacteria that may be beneficial for its biological and physiological development. therefore, studying the response of its microbiota to chemical products could result in vector control. recently, imidazolium salts (is) were identified as effective ae. aegypti larvicides. considering the imp ...201931700056
estimation of the expected number of cases of microcephaly in brazil as a result of zika.in this paper we have adapted a delayed dengue model to zika. by assuming that the epidemic starts by a single infected individual entering a disease-free population at some initial time t0 we have used the least squares parameter estimation technique in r to estimate the initial time t0 using observed zika data from brazil as well as the transmission probabilities of zika in brazil between humans and mosquitoes and vice-versa. different values of aedes aegypti (a. aegypti) biting rate are used ...201931698665
urbanization creates diverse aquatic habitats for immature mosquitoes in urban areas.global increases in temperatures and urbanization are impacting the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases. urbanization processes create suitable habitats for vector mosquitoes in which there are a reduced number of predators, and human hosts are widely available. we hypothesize that mosquito vector species, especially aedes aegypti, are locally concentrated primarily in those specific habitats at the neighborhood levels that provide suitable conditions and environmental resources needed for m ...201931653914
vector mosquito surveillance using centers for disease control and prevention autocidal gravid ovitraps in san antonio, texas.mosquito surveillance in large urban areas of the southern usa that border mexico has become increasingly important due to recent transmission of zika virus and chikungunya virus in the americas as well as the continued threat of dengue and west nile viruses. the vectors of these viruses, aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus, co-occur in residential areas, requiring vector control entities to deploy several different trap types, often expensive and labor-intensive, to survei ...201931647715
a milestone in botanical mosquito repellents: novel pmd-based formulation protects more than twice as long as high-concentration deet and other leading products.the use of skin-applied repellents is the primary method recommended by the centers for disease control and prevention for personal protection against biting mosquitoes. historically, the majority of long-efficacy mosquito repellents have been n,n diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet)-based. recently, a variety of new botanical formulations have been marketed, but their protection times generally continue to fall well short of high-concentration deet products. we present a laboratory arm-in-cage stud ...201931647713
from surveillance to control: evaluation of a larvicide intervention against aedes aegypti in brownsville, texas.south texas is recognized as a potential area for the emergence and re-emergence of mosquito-borne diseases due to recent circulation of zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses. during 2017, high aedes aegypti abundance found in the city of brownsville, tx, in combination with the previous year's local transmission of zika virus, triggered the activation of the texas department of state health services emergency mosquito control contingency contract. a contract with the clarke environmental and mo ...201931647710
new record of aedes albopictus in a suburban area of merida, yucatan, mexico.a survey was carried out in 51 households within a suburban area of merida, yucatan, mexico, for 5 consecutive days. adult collections were performed using prokopack aspirators (indoors) and human-landing mosquito catches (hlc) outdoors, and larval sites (artificial containers) were revised for larvae collection. a total of 259 aedes albopictus were collected, 246 from artificial larval sites, 8 by indoor aspiration, and 5 by hlc. this is the first record of ae. albopictus in merida, yucatan, me ...201931647708
evaluation of the persistence of three larvicides used to control aedes aegypti in arapiraca, northeastern brazil.the chemical control of the mosquito aedes aegypti is a great challenge worldwide, since several populations of this species are already resistant to traditional insecticides, such as temephos. in brazil, alternative larvicides, such as bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) and pyriproxyfen, have been used more recently. in this study we evaluated the persistence of pyriproxyfen (sumilarv 0.5%g), 2 commercial formulations of bti (vectobac wdg and vectobac g), and temephos (fersol 1g) under fi ...201931647707
a novel methodology for recording wing beat frequencies of untethered male and female aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti is a vector of many significant arboviruses worldwide, including dengue, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses. with vector control methodology pivoting toward rearing and releasing large numbers of insects for either population suppression or virus-blocking, economical remote (sentinel) surveillance methods for release tracking become increasingly necessary. recent steps in this direction include advances in optical sensors that identify and classify insects based on their w ...201931647706
[recurrence of dengue epidemics in burkina faso: community preference for an intervention to prevent the disease].community-based interventions have proven effective in several latin american countries in controlling dengue vector aedes aegypti and reducing the burden of the disease. however, we did not find any study reporting the assessment or implementation of such interventions in sub-saharan africa. this article presents local communities' preferences for activities as part of the implementation of a community-based intervention for dengue prevention in ouagadougou (burkina faso) where dengue epidemics ...201931645291
susceptibility to insecticides and resistance mechanisms in three populations of aedes aegypti from peru.epidemics of dengue, chikungunya and zika are a growing threat to areas where aedes aegypti are present. the efficacy of chemical control of ae. aegypti is threatened by the increasing frequency of insecticide resistance. the objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility status as well as the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance in three populations of ae. aegypti in high risk areas of dengue, chikungunya, and zika in peru.201931640810
endemic disease control agents' perception on the fight against aedes aegypti and the prevention of arbovirus infections in brazil.arboviruses pose a serious and constant threat to public health, and have demanded surveillance efforts worldwide. the prevention of arbovirus transmission depends on effective measures to control vectors and promote health. the objective of this study was to examine the factors that enhance and impair the endemic disease control agents' field work, based on their own perspective.201931584945
vectors of arboviruses in the state of são paulo: 30 years of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.to describe the infestation of the municipalities of são paulo by the vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, characterize seasonality and analyze average temperatures and larval densities.201931576944
knockout of juvenile hormone receptor, methoprene-tolerant, induces black larval phenotype in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, vectors human pathogens. juvenile hormones (jh) control almost every aspect of an insect's life, and jh analogs are currently used to control mosquito larvae. since rna interference does not work efficiently during the larval stages of this insect, jh regulation of larval development and mode of action of jh analogs are not well studied. to overcome this limitation, we used a multiple single guide rna-based crispr/cas9 genome-editing method to knockout t ...201931570611
discovery of an aedes (stegomyia) albopictus population and first records of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti in canada.a population of aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae), a vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and zika and west nile viruses, has been detected in windsor, ontario, canada from 2016 onwards. here, we describe its seasonal distribution, as well as the various aquatic habitats from which this species was collected and its larval co-habitation. we collected immatures from tires, treeholes, extruded polystyrene foam containers, discarded plastic cups, old recycling bins a ...201931566765
cluster containment strategy: addressing zika virus outbreak in rajasthan, india.india is at risk of zika virus transmission due to high prevalence of its vector aedes aegypti. rajasthan, a state in the north-west region of india, has also high prevalence of aedes mosquito. first laboratory confirmed case of zika virus disease in rajasthan was reported on 21 september 2018 in jaipur. the government of rajasthan quickly implemented a containment strategy to contain the outbreak and prevent further spread of this disease. strategy included active human and mosquito surveillanc ...201931565402
action of metarhizium brunneum (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) against organophosphate- and pyrethroid-resistant aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and the synergistic effects of phenylthiourea.dengue, yellow fever, zika, and chikungunya arboviruses are endemic in tropical countries and are transmitted by aedes aegypti. resistant populations of this mosquito against chemical insecticides are spreading worldwide. this study aimed to evaluate the biological effects of exposure of pesticide-sensitive ae. aegypti larvae (rockefeller) to conidia of the entomopathogen, metarhizium brunneum, laboratory strains arsef 4556 and v275, and any synergistic activity of phenylthiourea (ptu). in addit ...201931559435
evidence-based process for prioritizing positive behaviors for promotion: zika prevention in latin america and the caribbean and applicability to future health emergency responses.since the 2015 zika outbreak in latin america and the caribbean, a plethora of behavior change messages have been promoted to reduce zika transmission. one year after the united states agency for international development (usaid) initiated its zika response, more than 30 variants of preventive behaviors were being promoted. this situation challenged social and behavior change (sbc) programming efforts that require a coordinated response and agreed upon set of focus behaviors to be effective. to ...201931558597
de novo genome sequencing and comparative stage-specific transcriptomic analysis of dirofilaria repens.the zoonotic mosquito-borne filarial nematode dirofilaria repens causes subcutaneous and ocular infections in dogs, cats and humans. from infected vertebrate hosts, microfilariae are taken up by mosquitoes and develop into infective l3. these are transmitted to new vertebrate hosts and develop over two further moults to adult worms. the aims of the project were (i) the de novo sequencing and annotation of the d. repens genome and (ii) comparative transcriptomic analyses of the two developmental ...201931557466
globe-trotting aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus: risk factors for arbovirus pandemics.introduction: two species of aedes (ae.) mosquitoes (ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus) are primary vectors for emerging arboviruses that are a significant threat to public health and economic burden worldwide. distribution of these vectors and the associated arboviruses, such as dengue virus, chikungunya virus, yellow fever virus, and zika virus, was for a long time restricted by geographical, ecological, and biological factors. presently, arbovirus emergence and dispersion are more rapid and geog ...201931556813
reducing the cost and assessing the performance of a novel adult mass-rearing cage for the dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and zika vector, aedes aegypti (linnaeus).the widespread emergence of resistance to insecticides used to control adult aedes mosquitoes has made traditional control strategies inadequate for the reduction of various vector populations. therefore, complementary vector control methods, such as the sterile insect technique, are needed to enhance existing efforts. the technique relies on the rearing and release of large numbers of sterile males, and the development of efficient and standardized mass-rearing procedures and tools is essential ...201931553724
liaisons dangereuses: cross-border gene flow and dispersal of insecticide resistance-associated genes in the mosquito aedes aegypti from brazil and french guiana.in recent years, south america has suffered the burden of continuous high impact outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya and zika. aedes aegypti is the main mosquito vector of these arboviruses and its control is the only solution to reduce transmission.201931553370
aedes spp. and their microbiota: a review.aedes spp. are a major public health concern due to their ability to be efficient vectors of dengue, chikungunya, zika, and other arboviruses. with limited vaccines available and no effective therapeutic treatments against arboviruses, the control of aedes spp. populations is currently the only strategy to prevent disease transmission. host-associated microbes (i.e., microbiota) recently emerged as a promising field to be explored for novel environmentally friendly vector control strategies. in ...201931551973
non-canonical transcriptional regulation of heme oxygenase in aedes aegypti.heme oxygenase (ho) is a ubiquitous enzyme responsible for heme breakdown, which yields carbon monoxide (co), biliverdin (bv) and ferrous ion. here we show that the aedes aegypti heme oxygenase gene (aeho - aael008136) is expressed in different developmental stages and tissues. aeho expression increases after a blood meal in the midgut, and its maximal transcription levels overlaps with the maximal rate of the further modified a. aegypti biglutaminyl-biliverdin (aebv) pigment production. ho is a ...201931551499
conspecific and allospecific larval extracts entice mosquitoes to lay eggs and may be used in attract-and-kill control strategy.one of the strategies of integrated vector management is to lure gravid mosquitoes for surveillance purposes or to entice them to lay eggs in water containing toxins that kill the offspring (attract-and-kill or trap-and-kill). typically, the major challenge of this approach is the development of a lure that stimulates oviposition plus a toxin with no deterrent effect. bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) satisfies the latter criterion, but lures for these autocidal gravid traps are sore ...201931551447
serine hydroxymethyltransferase controls blood-meal digestion in the midgut of aedes aegypti mosquitoes.female aedes aegypti mosquitoes are vectors of arboviruses that cause diverse diseases of public health significance. blood protein digestion by midgut proteases provides anautogenous mosquitoes with the nutrients essential for oocyte maturation and egg production. midgut-specific mir-1174 affects the functions of the midgut through its target gene serine hydroxymethyltransferase (shmt). however, less is known about shmt-regulated processes in blood digestion by mosquitoes.201931551071
[coinfection of dengue and chikungunya viruses. narrative review].dengue and chikungunya viruses are transmitted by the female aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas, facilitating coinfection.201931095186
susceptibility and vectorial capacity of american aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to american zika virus strains.the rapid expansion of zika virus (zikv), following the recent outbreaks of chikungunya virus, overwhelmed the public health infrastructure in many countries and alarmed many in the scientific community. aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) and aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) have previously been incriminated as the vectors of these pathogens in addition to dengue virus. in our study, we challenged low generation ae. aegypti (chiapas, mexico) and ae. albopictus (north carolina, ...201930102327
analysis of cluster-randomized test-negative designs: cluster-level methods.intervention trials of vector control methods often require community level randomization with appropriate inferential methods. for many interventions, the possibility of confounding due to the effects of health-care seeking behavior on disease ascertainment remains a concern. the test-negative design, a variant of the case-control method, was introduced to mitigate this issue in the assessment of the efficacy of influenza vaccination (measured at an individual level) on influenza infection. her ...201929447357
zika virus disease.the zika virus is an arbovirus belonging to the virus family flaviviridae. the virus was isolated in 1947 from a rhesus monkey in the zika forest of uganda. the virus causes sporadic mild human infections in africa and later in asia. however, by 2007 a major shift in its infection pattern was noticed and thousands of human infections were reported in the state of yap and federated states of micronesia. in the last 3 years, major outbreaks have continued to occur and the virus has spread to sever ...201930787745
efficacy of lysinibacillus sphaericus against mixed-cultures of field-collected and laboratory larvae of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus.lysinibacillus sphaericus (bacillales: planococcaceae) is a spore-forming bacillus used for the biological control of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) due to its larvicidal activity determined by various toxins and s-layer protein produced either during sporulation or by the vegetative cell. aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus are the vectors of arboviruses that cause tropical diseases representing a current public health problem. both species may coexist in the same larval development sites ...201929784071
characterization of tolypocladium cylindrosporum (hypocreales, ophiocordycipitaceae) isolates from brazil and their efficacy against aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae).to survey and to characterize entomopathogenic fungi as natural enemies of mosquitoes in central brazil.201930160316
vaccination and immunization strategies to design aedes aegypti salivary protein based subunit vaccine tackling flavivirus infection.flavivirus causes arthropod-borne severe diseases that sometimes lead to the death. the flavivirus species including dengue virus, zika virus and yellow fever virus are transmitted by the bite of aedes mosquitoes. all these viral species target the people living in their respective endemic zone causing a high mortality rate. recent studies show that immune factors present in the ae. aegypti saliva is the hidden culprit promoting blood meal collection, suppressing host immune molecules and promot ...201930219509
overview of dengue and zika virus similarity, what can we learn from the saudi experience with dengue fever?there is high public health alert in the kingdom of saudi arabia concerning zika virus infection. so far, there is no reported outbreak. so are we at risk of this disease? reviewing the literature of recent outbreaks of other infectious diseases in saudi arabia may clarify the situation. it is evident that there is some similarity between zika and dengue regarding vector (aedes aegypti) which is available in the kingdom of saudi arabia. furthermore, they have similar transmission process and the ...201929623022
human blood as the only source of aedes aegypti in churches from merida, yucatan, mexico. 201929916450
encapsulation of piper aduncum and piper hispidinervum essential oils in gelatin nanoparticles: a possible sustainable control tool of aedes aegypti, tetranychus urticae and cerataphis lataniae.the encapsulated essential oils (eos) of piper aduncum l. and piper hispidinervum c. dc. in gelatin nanoparticles were evaluated against aedes aegypti linn., tetranychus urticae koch and cerataphis lataniae boisd.201929971785
lippia gracilis essential oil in β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: an environmentally safe formulation to control aedes aegypti larvae.one of the most efficient ways to prevent arboviruses, such as dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya and zika, is by controlling their vector, the aedes aegypti. because this vector is becoming resistant to most larvicides used, the development of new larvicides should be considered. β-cyclodextrin (β-cd) complexes have been investigated as an interesting way of enabling the use of essential oils in water as larvicides. this study comprised the development of lippia gracilis essential oil (lge ...201929998608
pan-american league of associations for rheumatology-central american, caribbean and andean rheumatology association consensus-conference endorsements and recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of chikungunya-related inflammatory arthropathies in latin america.although mortality rates related with chikungunya (chik) outbreaks in latin america's (la's) dengue-endemic rural and new urban regions are low, dealing with symptoms and sequelae can both produce a significant burden of disease and diminish quality of life-from many months to years-after the acute phase of the infection, with a significant impact on public and individual health.the aim of this work was to establish pan-american league of associations for rheumatology-central american, caribbean ...201930028809
evaluation of aib and peg-polymer insect kinin analogs on mosquito and tick gpcrs identifies potent new pest management tools with potentially enhanced biostability and bioavailability.insect kinins modulate aspects of diuresis, digestion, development, and sugar taste perception in tarsi and labellar sensilla in mosquitoes. they are, however, subject to rapid biological degradation by endogenous invertebrate peptidases. a series of α-aminoisobutyric (aib) acid-containing insect kinin analogs incorporating sequences native to the aedes aegypti mosquito aedeskinins were evaluated on two recombinant kinin invertebrate receptors stably expressed in cell lines, discovering a number ...201930107140
excito-repellency activity of andrographis paniculata (lamiales: acanthaceae) against colonized mosquitoes.excito-repellency activity of plant extracts have been increasingly studied as mosquito repellents. in this study, the crude extract of andrographis paniculata was evaluated for its noncontact repellency, contact excitation (irritancy + repellency), and knockdown/toxicity response against five colonized mosquitoes; aedes aegypti (l.), aedes albopictus (skuse), anopheles dirus peyton & harrison, anopheles epiroticus linton & harbach, and culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae) using an ex ...202031550361
control of the 2018-2019 dengue fever outbreak in oman: a country previously without local transmission.in december 2018, routine surveillance identified an autochthonous outbreak of dengue fever in muscat governorate, oman, a region previously free of dengue fever.202031639520
molecular detection of dengue virus in mosquitoes as an early indicator to aid in the prevention of human infection in endemic areas.human cases of dengue virus based on the national dengue control plan were compared with the molecular detection of the dengue virus in trapped mosquitoes, verifying the prediction and efficacy potentials of vector control between the two methodologies in a city with three endemic frontiers. molecular detection of dengue virus in trapped mosquitoes was significantly higher than in human cases (p = 0.0435). thus, molecular detection could be used as an early indicator to help prevent more human c ...202031697613
phytochemical analysis of rhazya stricta extract and its use in fabrication of silver nanoparticles effective against mosquito vectors and microbial pathogens.worldwide, billions of people are at risk from viruses, parasites and bacteria transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, fleas and other vectors. over exploitation of chemical pesticides to overcome the mosquito borne diseases led to detrimental effects on environment and human health. the present research aims to explore bio-fabrication of metal silver nanomaterials using rhazya stricta extract against deadly mosquito vectors and microbial pathogens. the phytochemical profile of the r. stricta extracts ...202031655455
insecticidal and mosquito repellent efficacy of the essential oils from stem bark and wood of hazomalania voyronii.the use of hazomalania voyronii, popularly known as hazomalana, to repel mosquitoes and resist against insect attacks is handed down from generation to generation in madagascar. in the present study, we investigated the ability of the essential oils (eos) obtained from the stem wood, fresh and dry bark of h. voyronii to keep important mosquito vectors (aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus) away, as well as their toxicity on three insect species of agricultural and public health importance (c ...202031654797
the role of lulopat amino acid/proton symporters in midgut alkalinization in the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera - psychodidae).in lutzomyia longipalpis females, which are the main vectors of leishmania infantum in the americas, hematophagy is crucial for ovary development. the control of ph in the midgut during blood digestion is important to the functioning of the digestive enzymes, which release amino acids in the luminal compartment that are then transported through the enterocytes to the hemolymph for delivery to the ovary and other organs. in the present work, we investigated transport systems known as lulopats tha ...202031715141
glycolytic profile shift and antioxidant triggering in symbiont-free and h2o2-resistant strigomonas culicis.during their life cycle, trypanosomatids are exposed to stress conditions and adapt their energy and antioxidant metabolism to colonize their hosts. strigomonas culicis is a monoxenous protist found in invertebrates with an endosymbiotic bacterium that completes essential biosynthetic pathways for the trypanosomatid. our research group previously generated a wild-type h2o2-resistant (wtr) strain that showed improved mitochondrial metabolism and antioxidant defenses, which led to higher rates of ...202031760093
measuring the host-seeking ability of aedes aegypti destined for field release.host seeking is an essential process in mosquito reproduction. field releases of modified mosquitoes for population replacement rely on successful host seeking by female mosquitoes, but host-seeking ability is rarely tested in a realistic context. we tested the host-seeking ability of female aedes aegypti mosquitoes using a semi-field system. females with different wolbachia infection types (wmel-, walbb-infected, and uninfected) or from different origins (laboratory and field) were released at ...202031769394
discovery of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as a novel class of noncompetitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase (hkt) from aedes aegypti.the mosquito aedes aegypti is the vector of arboviruses such as zika, chikungunya, dengue and yellow fever. these infectious diseases have a major impact on public health. the unavailability of effective vaccines or drugs to prevent or treat most of these diseases makes vector control the main form of prevention. one strategy to promote mosquito population control is the use of synthetic insecticides to inhibit key enzymes in the metabolic pathway of these insects, particularly during larval sta ...202031864777
larval exposure to bacteria modulates arbovirus infection and immune gene expression in adult aedes aegypti.here we have investigated whether bacterial challenges to larval stages of aedes aegypti can influence the adults' immune and vector competence for dengue and zika viruses. we show that larval exposure to live bacillus thuringiensis berliner and enterobacter ludwigii can result in the modulation of virus infection at the adult stage in the absence of bacterial carry-over between the two developmental stages. we observed a significant reduction in virus infection intensity in the mosquitoes expos ...202031726064
evolution of the innate and adaptive immune response in women with acute zika virus infection.zika virus (zikv) is a flavivirus that is closely related to other human pathogens, such as dengue virus (denv)1. primary transmission usually involves aedes aegypti, which has expanded its distribution range considerably2, although rarer infection routes, including mother-to-fetus transmission, sexual contact and blood transfusion, have also been observed3-7. primary zikv infection is usually asymptomatic or mild in adults, with quickly resolved blood viraemia, but zikv might persist for months ...202031792427
annona muricata: an alternate mosquito control agent with special reference to inhibition of detoxifying enzymes in aedes aegypti.this study was aimed to investigate an effectual level of annona muricata (soursop) extracts on mosquito vectors namely, aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus. the toxicity study on non-target organism and other important biochemical marker enzymes to find and illustrate the exact mechanism of specific enzymes responsible for detoxifying allelochemicals. among the various soursop seed kernel extracts tested for larvicidal activity, the 0.9% saline extract exhibited maximu ...202031816498
geosmin attracts aedes aegypti mosquitoes to oviposition sites.geosmin is one of the most recognizable and common microbial smells on the planet. some insects, like mosquitoes, require microbial-rich environments for their progeny, whereas for other insects such microbes may prove dangerous. in the vinegar fly drosophila melanogaster, geosmin is decoded in a remarkably precise fashion and induces aversion, presumably signaling the presence of harmful microbes [1]. we have here investigated the effect of geosmin on the behavior of the yellow fever mosquito a ...202031839454
the olfactory basis of orchid pollination by mosquitoes.mosquitoes are important vectors of disease and require sources of carbohydrates for reproduction and survival. unlike host-related behaviors of mosquitoes, comparatively less is understood about the mechanisms involved in nectar-feeding decisions, or how this sensory information is processed in the mosquito brain. here we show that aedes spp. mosquitoes, including aedes aegypti, are effective pollinators of the platanthera obtusata orchid, and demonstrate this mutualism is mediated by the orchi ...202031871198
aedes aegypti insecticide resistance underlies the success (and failure) of wolbachia population replacement.mosquitoes that carry wolbachia endosymbionts may help control the spread of arboviral diseases, such as dengue, zika and chikungunya. wolbachia frequencies systematically increase only when the frequency-dependent advantage due to cytoplasmic incompatibility exceeds frequency-independent costs, which may be intrinsic to the wolbachia and/or can be associated with the genetic background into which wolbachia are introduced. costs depend on field conditions such as the environmental pesticide load ...202031919396
sequencing of zikv genomes directly from ae. aegypti and cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes collected during the 2015-16 epidemics in recife.zika virus (zikv) is a negative sense rna virus from the flaviviridae family, which was relatively unknown until the first human epidemic in micronesia, in 2007. since its spread to french polynesia and the americas. recife, the capital of pernambuco state and epicenter of the zika epidemic in brazil, experienced a large number of microcephaly cases and other congenital abnormalities associated to the zikv infection from, 2015 to 16. evidences suggest that both aedes aegypti and culex quinquefas ...202031918041
development, larvicide activity, and toxicity in nontarget species of the croton linearis jacq essential oil nanoemulsion.in this study, the essential oil (eo) from leaves of croton linearis jacq was extracted and characterized by gc/ms. the eo hydrophilic-lipophilic balance required (rhlb) for nanoemulsion (ne) development was determined by the griffin' method. for evaluating the larvicidal effect against aedes aegypti, the preparation process of ne was optimized, using a central composite design. it was also evaluated the possible toxic effect of ne in nontarget species. the leaves of c. linearis contain 1.50% of ...202031916152
chemosensation: hate mosquitoes? peel beetroots!finding the right lure for trapping pest insects is difficult. the typical smell of rain and humid soil, geosmin, now turns out to be a strong attractant for the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti.202031910367
geographic shifts in the bioclimatic suitability for aedes aegypti under climate change scenarios in colombia.the dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses are arboviruses predominantly transmitted to humans through the bite of the female mosquito aedes aegypti. currently, the vector represents a potential epidemiological risk in several latin american and pacific countries. however, little is known about the geographical distribution and bioclimatic suitability of this mosquito in the projected climate change scenarios in colombia. using a species distribution model of maximum entropy (maxent) based on pres ...202031909268
surveillance for zika in mexico: naturally infected mosquitoes in urban and semi-urban areas.zika cases have been reported in 29 out of the 32 states of mexico. information regarding which mosquito species might be driving zika virus transmission/maintenance in nature must be regularly updated. from january 2017 to november 2018, mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors using the cdc backpack aspirator in urban and semi-urban areas with evidence of mosquito-borne disease transmission. 3873 mosquito pools were tested for zika infection using the cdc trioplex real-time rt-pcr. for e ...202031902313
cytotoxic and larvicidal activities of stemona alkaloids from the aerial parts and roots of stemona curtisii hook.f.a new stemona alkaloid glycoside derivative, 6-hydroxy-5,6-seco-stemocurtisinoside (4), was isolated from the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of stemona curtisii hook.f., together with stemocurtisine (1), (11z)-1',2'-didehydrostemofoline (2) and 6-hydroxy-5,6-seco-stemocurtisine (3). whereas, stemocurtisine (1), stemocurtisinol (5) and oxyprotostemonine (6) were isolated from the roots. their structures were elucidated using 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy as well as ms experiments. the extract ...202031899956
mosquito iridescent virus: new records from nature and infections using strelkovimermis spiculatus (mermithidae) as a vector under laboratory conditions.iridoviridae is a dna virus family that affects both vertebrates and invertebrates. immature aquatic stages of many dipteran species infected with iridovirus have been found in different places worldwide. the most represented genera of the culicidae family are aedes and psorophora. to date, sixteen species of aedes naturally infected with iridoviruses have been reported. moreover, there are four records for the genus psorophora, one for culiseta, and two for culex. in this paper, we report two n ...202031903519
assessment of hymenoptera and non-hymenoptera insect bite and sting allergy among patients of tropical region of west bengal, india.west bengal, india, is inhabited by abundance and variety of insects that triggers sensitization in some humans to inhalant allergens and/or insect stings/venoms. lack of research on this topic prevented accurate diagnosis and proper follow-up treatments to patients suffering from insect-induced allergies. the aim of our study was to identify the allergy-causing insects and evaluate resulting sensitization among a study population in west bengal, india. the skin prick test (spt) evaluated sensit ...202031228205
reduced effectiveness of repellents in a pyrethroid-resistant strain of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and its correlation with olfactory sensitivity.the mosquito, aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), is a vector of dengue fever, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses, and in many areas possesses significant levels of resistance to pyrethroids. behavioral performance was assessed in 15, 30, and 60 min exposures in a high throughput vapor phase spatial repellency assay to three contact repellent standards: n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet), ethyl 3-[acetyl(butyl)amino] propanoate (ir3535), and 2-undecanone, as well as pyrethrum extract, ...202031338960
distribution and frequency of the kdr mutation v410l in natural populations of aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) from eastern and southern mexico.aedes aegypti (l.) is the primary vector of the viruses that cause dengue, zika, and chikungunya, for which effective vaccines and drugs are still lacking. current strategies for suppressing arbovirus outbreaks based on insecticide use pose a challenge because of the rapid increase in resistance. the widespread and excessive use of pyrethroid-based insecticides has created a large selection pressure for a kdr-type resistance, caused by mutations in the para gene of the voltage-gated sodium chann ...202031504686
the global expansion of dengue: how aedes aegypti mosquitoes enabled the first pandemic arbovirus.dengue is an emerging viral disease principally transmitted by the aedes (stegomyia) aegypti mosquito. it is one of the fastest-growing global infectious diseases, with 100-400 million new infections a year, and is now entrenched in a growing number of tropical megacities. behind this rapid rise is the simple adaptation of ae. aegypti to a new entomological niche carved out by human habitation. this review describes the expansion of dengue and explores how key changes in the ecology of ae. aegyp ...202031594415
chikungunya virus: role of vectors in emergence from enzootic cycles.chikungunya virus (chikv), a re-emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus, has caused millions of cases of severe, often chronic arthralgia during recent outbreaks. in africa, circulation in sylvatic, enzootic cycles involves several species of arboreal mosquito vectors that transmit among diverse nonhuman primates and possibly other amplifying hosts. most disease occurs when chikv emerges into a human-amplified cycle involving aedes aegypti and sometimes aedes albopictus transmission and extensive spre ...202031594410
detection of fluorescent powders and their effect on survival and recapture of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the use of insect markers, such as fluorescent powders, is a useful tool for studying ecological and epidemiological questions. evaluating their effect on vectors of human disease agents, such as the invasive mosquito vector aedes aegypti (linnaeus), is crucial for their practical and reliable use, especially in parameters linked to the risk of disease transmission such as adult survival, dispersal, and host-seeking. seven fluorescent powders (hercules radiant, dayglo (dg), risk reactor (rr), an ...202031587060
function of aedes aegypti galectin-6 in modulation of cry11aa toxicity.galectins are a family of β-galactoside binding proteins, and insect galectins play a role in immune responses and may also affect cry toxin activity. in this study, we aimed to further understand the function and molecular mechanism of aedes aegypti galectin-6 in modulation of cry11aa toxicity. a. aegypti galectin-6 was cloned, and the recombinant galectin-6 was expressed and purified. bioassays indicated that galectin-6 could reduce the toxicity of cry11aa, protecting a. aegypti larvae. to det ...202031836060
towards the optimization of botanical insecticides research: aedes aegypti larvicidal natural products in french guiana.natural products have proven to be an immeasurable source of bioactive compounds. the exceptional biodiversity encountered in amazonia, alongside a rich entomofauna and frequent interactions with various herbivores is the crucible of a promising chemodiversity. this prompted us to search for novel botanical insecticides in french guiana. as this french overseas department faces severe issues linked to insects, notably the strong incidence of vector-borne infectious diseases, we decided to focus ...202031539525
adaptation to temperate climates: evidence of photoperiod-induced embryonic dormancy in aedes aegypti in south america.dormancy is a developmental arrest in arthropods, in response to unfavorable conditions in temporally varying environments. in aedes aegypti, the supposed inability of eggs to inhibit hatching has been used to explain the restriction of this species to tropical and subtropical regions. however, the geographic range of ae. aegypti is constantly expanding towards temperate regions. thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the ability of ae. aegypti individuals from a temperate region (buen ...202031125550
mapping aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and aedes albopictus vector mosquito distribution in brownsville, tx.aedes mosquitoes are vectors of several emerging diseases and are spreading worldwide. we investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and aedes albopictus (skuse) mosquito trap captures in brownsville, tx, using high-resolution land cover, socioeconomic, and meteorological data. we modeled mosquito trap counts using a bayesian hierarchical mixed-effects model with spatially correlated residuals. the models indicated an inverse relationship between temperature and mosquit ...202031400202
conservation of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel protein within the insecta.the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (vssc) is essential for the generation and propagation of action potentials. vssc kinetics can be modified by producing different splice variants. the functionality of vssc depends on features such as the voltage sensors, the selectivity filter and the inactivation loop. mutations in vssc conferring resistance to pyrethroid insecticides are known as knockdown resistance (kdr). we analysed the conservation of vssc in both a broad scope and a narrow scope by th ...202031206812
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