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operational aspects of the centers for disease control and prevention autocidal gravid ovitrap.dengue viruses cause hundreds of millions of infections every year in tropical and subtropical countries. unfortunately, there is not a single universal vector control method capable of suppressing aedes aegypti (l.) populations. amongst novel control tools or approaches are various types of traps targeting gravid females or their eggs. here, we provide details of the operational use of the centers for disease control and prevention autocidal gravid ovitrap (cdc-ago trap) for the surveillance an ...201627802402
comparative excito-repellency of three cambodian plant-derived extracts against two mosquito vector species, aedes aegypti and anopheles minimus.a study of the behavioral responses of aedes aegypti and anopheles minimus to 3 cambodian plant extracts at 3 different concentrations (1%, 2.5%, and 5%) was performed using an excito-repellency test system. these 3 plants were strophanthus scandens, capparis micracantha, and dioscorea hispida, selected according to traditional healer's knowledge, bibliographic studies and market surveys. results showed that s. scandens leaves' hexane extract was the only one to exert repellency against ae. aegy ...201627802401
evaluation of a noncontact, alternative mosquito repellent assay system.a novel noncontact repellency assay system (ncras) was designed and evaluated as a possible alternative method for testing compounds that repel or inhibit mosquitoes from blood feeding. deet and aedes aegypti were used in a controlled laboratory setting. using 2 study designs, a highly significant difference were seen between deet-treated and untreated skin placed behind the protective screens, indicating that deet was detected and was acting as a deterrence to mosquito landing and probing behav ...201627802399
morphological differentiation of the eggs of north american container-inhabiting aedes mosquitoes.aedes aegypti , ae. albopictus, ae. japonicus japonicus, and ae. triseriatus eggs are described with the aid of color images and images from scanning electron microscopy. all eggs were broadly cigar shaped with ae. triseriatus and ae. j japonicus eggs being dull or matte black, while ae. albopictus and ae. aegypti eggs were shiny jet black. aedes triseriatus eggs were lighter in color and had a rougher appearance when compared to those of ae. j. japonicus. aedes albopictus and ae. aegypti eggs c ...201627802396
mosquitoes host communities of bacteria that are essential for development but vary greatly between local habitats.mosquitoes are insects of interest because several species vector disease-causing pathogens to humans and other vertebrates. we previously reported that mosquitoes from long-term laboratory cultures require living bacteria in their gut to develop, but development does not depend on particular species of bacteria. here, we focused on three distinct but interrelated areas of study to better understand the role of bacteria in mosquito development by studying field and laboratory populations of aede ...201627718295
light-driven processes control both rhodopsin maturation and recycling in mosquito photoreceptors.many invertebrates carry out a daily cycle of shedding and rebuilding of the photoreceptor's photosensitive rhabdomeric membranes. the mosquito aedes aegypti shows a robust response, losing nearly all aaop1 rhodopsin from the rhabdomeric membranes during the shedding process at dawn. here, we made use of aaop1 antibodies capable of distinguishing newly synthesized, glycosylated rhodopsin from mature nonglycosylated rhodopsin to characterize the fate of aaop1 during the shedding and rebuilding pr ...201627798185
melaleuca quinquenervia (cav.) s.t. blake (myrtales: myrtaceae): natural alternative for mosquito control.to evaluate an essential oil with larvicide, adulticide and growth inhibitory activity against aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus and culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, of medical importance.201627794392
identification and analysis of a processed cytochrome p450 pseudogene of the disease vector aedes aegypti.to clone cytochrome p450 from aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) and determine the characteristics using bioinformatics tools.201627794391
global genetic diversity of aedes aegypti.mosquitoes, especially aedes aegypti, are becoming important models for studying invasion biology. we characterized genetic variation at 12 microsatellite loci in 79 populations of ae. aegypti from 30 countries in six continents, and used them to infer historical and modern patterns of invasion. our results support the two subspecies ae. aegypti formosus and ae. aegypti aegypti as genetically distinct units. ae. aegypti aegypti populations outside africa are derived from ancestral african popula ...201627671732
identification and expression analysis of two 14-3-3 proteins in the mosquito aedes aegypti, an important arboviruses vector.the 14-3-3 proteins are evolutionarily conserved acidic proteins that form a family with several isoforms in many cell types of plants and animals. in invertebrates, including dipteran and lepidopteran insects, only two isoforms have been reported. 14-3-3 proteins are scaffold molecules that form homo- or heterodimeric complexes, acting as molecular adaptors mediating phosphorylation-dependent interactions with signaling molecules involved in immunity, cell differentiation, cell cycle, prolifera ...201627592842
dengue in a changing climate.dengue is the world's most important arboviral disease in terms of number of people affected. over the past 50 years, incidence increased 30-fold: there were approximately 390 million infections in 2010. globalization, trade, travel, demographic trends, and warming temperatures are associated with the recent spread of the primary vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus and of dengue. overall, models project that new geographic areas along the fringe of current geographic ranges for aedes will ...201627475051
[translation into practice of empowerment strategies for dengue prevention: facilitators and barriers].objective to identify facilitators and barriers to the process of translating community empowerment strategies into the practice of the national aedes aegypti control program in cuba. methods a case study of the process was conducted from 2005 to 2009 at national and provincial levels of the control program. data from participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis were triangulated and analyzed inductively and deductively. results the main facilitators identified included a ...201627754520
isolation and identification of mosquito (aedes aegypti) biting-deterrent compounds from the native american ethnobotanical remedy plant hierochloë odorata (sweetgrass).hierochloë odorata (l.) p. beauv. (poaceae), commonly known as sweetgrass, has documented use as an insect repellent by the flatheads of montana and blackfoot of alberta. both the flatheads of montana and blackfoot of alberta would use braided plant material in a sachet in clothing or burn them from one end as incense, air/clothing freshener, and insect repellent. this study evaluated the insect-repellent properties of this plant using an in vitro mosquito aedes aegypti feeding bioassay-directed ...201627744691
dengue related osteonecrosis of the maxillary dento-alveolar bone.dengue is a mosquito transmitted flaviviral infection which can give rise to severe haemorrhage (dengue haemorrhagic fever/dhf) and with capillary leakage induces hypovolemic shock (dengue shock syndrome/dss). although dengue symptoms and complications have been known for many decades there has only been one documented case of osteonecrosis of the maxilla which was treated by excision of the necrotic bone. in this case of dengue infection, extensive maxillary osteonecrosis and minimal root resor ...201627743399
pyrethroid resistance in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus: important mosquito vectors of human diseases.aedes aegypti and a. albopictus mosquitoes are vectors of important human disease viruses, including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and zika. pyrethroid insecticides are widely used to control adult aedes mosquitoes, especially during disease outbreaks. herein, we review the status of pyrethroid resistance in a. aegypti and a. albopictus, mechanisms of resistance, fitness costs associated with resistance alleles and provide suggestions for future research. the widespread use of pyrethroids ha ...201627742355
evaluation of clove oil, icaridin, and transfluthrin for spatial repellent effects in three tests systems against the aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).one essential oil (clove oil), one skin repellent (icaridin), and one insecticide (transfluthrin) were tested for spatial repellent effects against non-blood-fed female aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes. the compounds were tested in acetone dilution series using a y-olfactometer, a double cage system, and a double room system. all compounds exhibited spatial repellent effects at certain concentrations. clove oil required relative high dosages to cause high effects (y-olfactometer 6 mg, double cage 6 ...201627651437
antimosquito property of petroselinum crispum (umbellifereae) against the pyrethroid resistant and susceptible strains of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the increasing and widespread resistance to conventional synthetic insecticides in vector populations has underscored the urgent need to establish alternatives in the mosquito management system. this study was carried out with the aim to investigate the antimosquito property, larvicidal and adulticidal potential, of plant products against both the pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant strains of aedes aegypti. seventeen plant products, including essential oils and ethanolic extracts, were obtaine ...201627638800
artemisia absinthium-borne compounds as novel larvicides: effectiveness against six mosquito vectors and acute toxicity on non-target aquatic organisms.the eco-friendly control of mosquito vectors is a crucial challenge of public health importance. here we evaluated the larvicidal potential of artemisia absinthium essential oil (eo) and its three major chemical constituents against six mosquito vectors: anopheles stephensi, anopheles subpictus, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, and culex tritaeniorhynchus. the eo was obtained by leaf hydro-distillation. its chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass s ...201627630101
aedes aegypti in rural areas: public health implications. 201627622476
[zika: a defeat in the struggle against aedes aegypti]. 201627622433
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from mangrove plant (avicennia marina) extract and their potential mosquito larvicidal property.to identify the larvicidal activities of silver nanoparticles synthesised with avicennia marina leaf extract against the larvae of aedes aegypti and anopheleus stephensi, in vitro larvicidal activities such as lc50 and lc90 were assessed. further, characterisation such as uv and ftir analysis were carried out for the synthesised silver nanoparticles. the lc50 value of the synthesised silver nanoparticles was identified as 4.374 and 7.406 mg/l for an. stephensi and ae. aegypti larvae respectively ...201627605825
raed a 4: a new 67-kda aedes aegypti mosquito salivary allergen for the diagnosis of mosquito allergy.accurate diagnosis of mosquito allergy has been hampered by the laborious task of obtaining mosquito salivary allergens. we have previously studied 3 recombinant (r) aedes aegypti mosquito salivary allergens: raed a 1, raed a 2 and raed a 3. here, we report the expression, purification, identification and evaluation of raed a 4, a 67-kda α-glucosidase.201627603527
[effectiveness of commercial repellents against aedes aegypti (l.) in yucatan, méxico].we assessed the efficacy of commercial repellents available in yucatan against aedes aegypti, vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika.201627599081
discovery of selective inhibitors targeting acetylcholinesterase 1 from disease-transmitting mosquitoes.vector control of disease-transmitting mosquitoes is increasingly important due to the re-emergence and spread of infections such as malaria and dengue. we have conducted a high throughput screen (hts) of 17,500 compounds for inhibition of the essential ache1 enzymes from the mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti. in a differential hts analysis including the human ache, several structurally diverse, potent, and selective noncovalent ache1 inhibitors were discovered. for example, a pheno ...201627598521
proteomic analysis of aedes aegypti midgut during post-embryonic development and of the female mosquitoes fed different diets.in this work we analyzed protein expression in the aedes aegypti midgut during the larval (fourth instar, l4), pupal, and adult stages [including newly emerged (ne), sugar-fed (sf) and blood-fed (bf) females]. two-dimensional electrophoresis showed 13 spots in the midgut of larvae, 95 in the midgut of pupae, 90 in the midgut of ne, and 76 in the midgut of sf or bf females. in the larval midguts, high serpin expression was noted, while in the pupae, protein abundance was lower than in the ne, sf, ...201627597118
egg hatching and survival of immature stages of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) under natural temperature conditions during the cold season in buenos aires, argentina.in temperate regions, the seasonal dynamics of aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) is mainly influenced by temperature. it is assumed that, during the winter season, the population remains as eggs and that the development and population growth of surviving eggs begin during the following spring. the aim of the current study was to assess egg hatching of ae. aegypti during the winter in buenos aires city (argentina), and analyze the survival of immature stages. the experiments consisted of im ...201627576509
mosquito c-type lectins maintain gut microbiome homeostasis.the long-term evolutionary interaction between the host immune system and symbiotic bacteria determines their cooperative rather than antagonistic relationship. it is known that commensal bacteria have evolved a number of mechanisms to manipulate the mammalian host immune system and maintain homeostasis. however, the strategies employed by the microbiome to overcome host immune responses in invertebrates still remain to be understood. here, we report that the gut microbiome in mosquitoes utilize ...201627572642
toxicity and larvicidal activity of podophyllum-based lignans against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) is a mosquito species that has adapted to urban environments and is the main vector of dengue viruses. because of the increasing incidence of dengue, a more environmentally acceptable insecticide needs to be found. natural products have been and continue to be an important source of leading compounds that can be modified in order to develop new drugs. the lignan family of natural products includes compounds with a diverse spectrum of biological activity. pod ...201627561675
eggs viability of aedes aegypti linnaeus (diptera, culicidae) under different environmental and storage conditions in manaus, amazonas, brazil.the viability of aedes aegypti eggs was assessed in the amazon region. the eggs were maintained under different conditions: indoors (insectarium) and outdoors (natural environment), as well as in different storage types (plastic cup, paper envelope, plastic bag) for different days. egg viability was measured as the mean of hatchings observed from egg-bearing sheets of filter paper immersed in water, using three sheets randomly selected from each storage type and at both sites. there were signifi ...201627533732
determination of juvenile hormone titers by means of lc-ms/ms/ms and a juvenile hormone-responsive gal4/uas system in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.in anautogenous mosquitoes, juvenile hormone iii (jh) plays an essential role in female post-eclosion (pe) development, preparing them for subsequent blood feeding and egg growth. we re-examined the jh titer during the reproductive cycle of female aedes aegypti mosquitoes. using liquid chromatography coupled with triple tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms/ms), we have shown that it reaches its peak at 48-54 h pe in the female hemolymph and at 72 h pe in whole body extracts. this method represents ...201627530057
aedes aegypti suppression in the americas: historical perspectives. 201627529102
phylogenetic analysis of the atp-binding cassette transporter family in three mosquito species.the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter family functions in the atp-dependent transportation of various substrates across biological membranes. abc proteins participate in various biological processes and insecticide resistance in insects, and are divided into eight subfamilies (a-h). mosquitoes are important vectors of human diseases, but the mechanism by which the abc transporter family evolves in mosquitoes is unknown. in this study, we classified and compared the abc transporter families ...201627521922
solution nuclear magnetic resonance studies of sterol carrier protein 2 like 2 (scp2l2) reveal the insecticide specific structural characteristics of scp2 proteins in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.sterol carrier protein 2 like 2 from aedes aegypti (aescp2l2) plays an important role in lipid transport in mosquitoes for its routine metabolic processes. repeated unsuccessful attempts to crystallize ligand free scp2l2 prompted us to undertake nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy to determine its three-dimensional structure. we report here the three-dimensional structures and dynamics of apo-aescp2l2 and its complex with palmitate. the (15)n heteronuclear single-quantum coherence spec ...201627508310
conidiobolus macrosporus (entomophthorales), a mosquito pathogen in central brazil.a new fungal pathogen of culicinae (diptera: culicidae) adults, conidiobolus macrosporus (entomophthorales: ancylistaceae), was detected and isolated during a survey of mosquito pathogens close to the city of aruanã, goiás state, in december 2014. the morphological characteristics of c. macrosporus are presented, and reasons for some uncertainty about this identification are discussed. the pathogenicity and high virulence of this fungus for aedes aegypti were confirmed in laboratory conditions. ...201627506454
identification of aacasps7, an effector caspase in aedes albopictus.aedes albopictus mosquito is a vector of various arboviruses and is becoming a significant threat to public health due to its rapid global expansion. several reports suggest that apoptosis could be a factor limiting arbovirus infection in mosquitoes. thus, it is significant to identify apoptosis pathway and study the correlation between apoptosis and virus infection in mosquitoes. apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death that plays a vital role in immunity, development, and tissue homeostasi ...201627502418
larvicidal activity of natural and modified triterpenoids against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).insecticide resistance to commonly used substances demands new molecules for the chemical control of the dengue vector aedes aegypti. because natural product sources have been an alternative to obtain larvicidal compounds, the aim of this study was to evaluate the triterpenoids betulinic (ba) and ursolic (ua) acids and their semi-synthetic derivatives against larval ae. aegypti. ba, ua, ten derivatives modified at the c-3 position and a positive control (diflubenzuron) were evaluated. larvicidal ...201627501778
coexistence of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in peninsular florida two decades after competitive displacements.the spread of aedes albopictus (skuse) eastward in the mid-1980s from its initial establishment in houston, tx, was associated with rapid declines and local disappearances of aedes aegypti (l.) in gulf coast states and florida where annual larval surveillance during the early 1990s described temporal and spatial patterns of competitive displacements in cemeteries and tire shops. approximately 20 yr later in 2013-2014, we re-visited former collection sites and sampled aquatic immatures of these t ...201627493253
microrna-309 targets the homeobox gene six4 and controls ovarian development in the mosquito aedes aegypti.obligatory blood-triggered reproductive strategy is an evolutionary adaptation of mosquitoes for rapid egg development. it contributes to the vectorial capacity of these insects. therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying reproductive processes is of particular importance. here, we report that microrna-309 (mir-309) plays a critical role in mosquito reproduction. a spatiotemporal expression profile of mir-309 displayed its blood feeding-dependent onset and ovary-specific manife ...201627489347
the sex locus is tightly linked to factors conferring sex-specific lethal effects in the mosquito aedes aegypti.in many taxa, sex chromosomes are heteromorphic and largely non-recombining. evolutionary models predict that spread of recombination suppression on the y chromosome is fueled by the accumulation of sexually antagonistic alleles in close linkage to the sex determination region. however, empirical evidence for the existence of sexually antagonistic alleles is scarce. in the mosquito aedes aegypti, the sex-determining chromosomes are homomorphic. the region of suppressed recombination, which surro ...201627485667
ecotoxicological assessment of pyriproxyfen under environmentally realistic exposure conditions of integrated vector management for aedes aegypti control in brazil.there is increasing concern to control aedes aegypti mosquito exposure in developing countries such as brazil. thus, integrated approaches using a combination of chemical, pyriproxyfen larvicide, and biological, xiphophorus maculatus, larvivorous fish species approaches are necessary and important to initiate more effective control against mosquito borne diseases. this study describes the toxicological effects of pyriproxyfen larvicide on the fish xiphophorus maculatus, the larvivorous fish spec ...201627458879
effect of heavy-equipment aided environmental nebulization on aedes aegypti vectors of dengue, zika and chikungunya in são paulo, brazil.the control of dengue constitutes a great challenge for public health; however, the methods normally used have shown themselves to be insufficient to keep the indices of infestation of aedes aegypti under control. recently, beyond the large number of cases and deaths associated with dengue, new risks have arisen such as those represented by chikungunya fever and zika. in the light of the great significance of these problems within the public health context, two areas in a municipality in the int ...201627974058
detecting multiple dna human profile from a mosquito blood meal.criminal traces commonly found at crime scenes may present mixtures from two or more individuals. the scene of the crime is important for the collection of various types of traces in order to find the perpetrator of the crime. thus, we propose that hematophagous mosquitoes found at crime scenes can be used to perform genetic testing of human blood and aid in suspect investigation. the aim of the study was to obtain a single aedes aegypti mosquito profile from a human dna mixture containing genet ...201627706606
excito-repellency of citrus hystrix dc leaf and peel essential oils against aedes aegypti and anopheles minimus (diptera: culicidae), vectors of human pathogens.the essential oils of kaffir lime (citrus hystrix dc.) at four different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% v/v) were studied for their repellency, excitation, and knockdown properties against laboratory strains of aedes aegypti (l.) and anopheles minimus theobald using an excito-repellency test system. both contact and noncontact escape responses to leaf- and peel-derived kaffir lime oils were observed. comparing unadjusted escape responses for an. minimus, leaf oil had strong combined irr ...201627694144
physical influence on larvicidal and pupicidal activity of the silicone-based monomolecular film.although silicone-based monomolecular film (mmf) has been accepted as larvicide in several countries, its mosquito control potential has never been investigated in thailand. laboratory assessment in this study was conducted to determine the mmf efficacy against aedes aegypti. at the recommended dosage (1ml/m(2) of water surface), mortality of pupae (99.17±0.83%) was significantly greater than mortality of old and young larvae (73.33±9.13, 11.67±3.47%; respectively). pupicidal activity was rapidl ...201627443608
anti-dengue efficacy of bioactive andrographolide from andrographis paniculata (lamiales: acanthaceae) against the primary dengue vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the current study investigated the toxic effect of the leaf extract compound andrographolide from andrographis paniculata (burm.f) against the dengue vector ae. aegypti. gc-ms analysis revealed that andrographolide was recognized as the major chemical constituent with the prominent peak area compared with other compounds. all isolated toxic compounds were purified and confirmed through rp-hplc against chemical standards. the larvicidal assays established at 25ppm of bioactive compound against th ...201627443607
historical environmental change in africa drives divergence and admixture of aedes aegypti mosquitoes: a precursor to successful worldwide colonization?increasing globalization has promoted the spread of exotic species, including disease vectors. understanding the evolutionary processes involved in such colonizations is both of intrinsic biological interest and important to predict and mitigate future disease risks. the aedes aegypti mosquito is a major vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika, the worldwide spread of which has been facilitated by ae. aegypti's adaption to human-modified environments. understanding the evolutionary processes invo ...201627439067
efficacy of thai neem oil against aedes aegypti (l.) larvae.trees with larvicidal activity may be found in thailand. we conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and length of efficacy of thai neem (azadirachta siamensis) oil emulsion and an alginate bead of thai neem oil formulation against early fourth stage aedes aegypti larvae using a dipping test. the thai neem oil emulsion had significantly greater larvicidal activity than the alginate bead formulation at 12 to 60 hours post-exposure (p < 0.01). the thai neem oil formulation resulted in 100% mo ...201627405123
wolbachia restricts insect-specific flavivirus infection in aedes aegypti cells.mosquito-borne viruses are known to cause disease in humans and livestock and are often difficult to control due to the lack of specific antivirals and vaccines. the wolbachia endosymbiont has been widely studied for its ability to restrict positive-strand rna virus infection in mosquitoes, although little is known about the precise antiviral mechanism. in recent years, a variety of insect-specific viruses have been discovered in mosquitoes and an interaction with mosquito-borne viruses has been ...201627692043
[new distribution areas of aedes aegypti in peru]. 201627384639
[suggestions for chikungunya control based on a sensitivity analysis of a mathematical model].chikungunya fever seriously affects peoples' health and causes chronic joint pain and even disability. chikungunya is transmitted by the bite of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. outbreaks have been reported in throughout the world, including latin america. mathematical modeling studies of these outbreaks have calculated the values of various​ epidemiological parameters. based on them, a mathematical model was prepared to simulate a chikungunya outbreak in a local population, which was transmi ...201627384636
dsrna-mediated targeting of ribosomal transcripts rps6 and rpl26 induces long-lasting and significant reductions in fecundity of the vector aedes aegypti.ribosomal transcripts produce critical proteins that are involved in most cellular production processes. targeting ribosomal transcripts has produced mortality in mites and ticks but the effect of ribosomal transcript knockdown has not been thoroughly examined in mosquitoes. we examine the effects of triggers targeting four ribosomal proteins (rp) transcripts. although no significant mortality was observed after dsrna microinjection and subsequent blood feeding, significant contrasts were observ ...201627180677
spatial and temporal variation in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) numbers in the yogyakarta area of java, indonesia, with implications for wolbachia releases.of mosquito vector populations, particularly through wolbachia endosymbionts. the success of these strategies depends on understanding the dynamics of vector populations. in preparation for wolbachia releases around yogyakarta, we have studied aedes populations in five hamlets. adult monitoring with biogent- sentinel (bg-s) traps indicated that hamlet populations had different dynamics across the year; while there was an increase in aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) numbers in the ...201626576934
characterization and mosquitocidal potential of neem cake-synthesized silver nanoparticles: genotoxicity and impact on predation efficiency of mosquito natural enemies.mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) serve as important vectors for a wide number of parasites and pathogens of huge medical and veterinary importance. aedes aegypti is a primary dengue vector in tropical and subtropical urban areas. there is an urgent need to develop eco-friendly mosquitocides. in this study, silver nanoparticles (agnp) were biosynthesized using neem cake, a by-product of the neem oil extraction from the seed kernels of azadirachta indica. agnp were characterized using a variety of ...201626573518
the impact of indoor residual spraying of deltamethrin on dengue vector populations in the peruvian amazon.dengue is an important public health problem in the amazon area of peru, resulting in significant morbidity each year. as in other areas of the world, ultra-low volume (ulv) application of insecticides is the main strategy to reduce adult populations of the dengue vector aedes aegypti, despite growing evidence of its limitations as a single control method. this study investigated the efficacy of deltamethrin s.c. applied through indoor residual spraying (irs) of dwellings in reducing a. aegypti ...201626571068
how important is vertical transmission of dengue viruses by mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae)?vertical transmission of dengue viruses by mosquitoes was discovered at the end of the late 1970s and has been suggested to be a means by which these viruses persist. however, it is unclear how widespread it is in nature, and its importance in the epidemiology of this disease is still debated. here, we review the literature on vertical transmission and discuss its role in dengue's epidemiology and control. we conclude that given the number of studies that failed to find evidence of vertical tran ...201626545718
satyrization and satyrization-resistance in competitive displacements of invasive mosquito species.competitive displacements or reductions of resident populations of insects, often effected by a related species, may be caused by a variety of mechanisms. satyrization is a form of mating interference in which males of one species mate with females of another species, significantly decreasing their fitness and not generating hybrids. satyrization has been established to be the probable cause of competitive displacements of resident mosquitoes by invasive species, especially of aedes aegypti by a ...201626542083
plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles as an emerging tool against mosquitoes of medical and veterinary importance: a review.mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are a key threat for millions of people worldwide, since they act as vectors for devastating parasites and pathogens. mosquito young instars are usually targeted with organophosphates, insect growth regulators and microbial control agents. indoors residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets are also employed. however, these chemicals have strong negative effects on human health and the environment. newer and safer tools have been recently implemented to enh ...201626541154
nepenthes ampullaria (nepenthaceae) pitchers are unattractive to gravid aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae).nepenthes pitcher plants are colonized by a variety of specialized arthropods. as aedes mosquitoes are container breeders, nepenthes pitchers are a potential candidate oviposition site for vector species, such as aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse). however, aedes spp. are not commonly encountered in nepenthes pitchers, and the environment inside the pitchers of some species is lethal to them. one exception is nepenthes ampullaria jack, whose pitchers are known to be colonized by ae. ...201626518035
the role of octopamine receptor agonists in the synergistic toxicity of certain insect growth regulators (igrs) in controlling dengue vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) mosquito.the synergistic action of octopamine receptor agonists (or agonists) on many insecticide classes (e.g., organophosphorus, pyrethroids, and neonicotinoids) on aedes aegypti l. has been reported recently. an investigation of or agonist's effect on insect growth regulators (igrs) was undertaken to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of action. based on the igr bioassay, pyriproxyfen was the most potent igr insecticide tested (ec50=0.0019ng/ml). however, the lethal toxicity results indic ...201626672383
off! clip-on repellent device with metofluthrin tested on aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) for mortality at different time intervals and distances.the off! clip-on mosquito-repellent device was tested outdoors against aedes aegypti (l.). a single treatment device was used against batches of caged adult, nonblood fed ae. aegypti at multiple locations 0.3m from treatment center. another set of cages was stationed 0.6m from treatment. a final set of cages was placed 0.9m away. trials ran for durations of 5, 15, 30, and 60 min. initial knockdown and mortality after 24 h was recorded. the devices had effective knockdown and mortality. this was ...201626668103
expression profiles and rnai silencing of inhibitor of apoptosis transcripts in aedes, anopheles, and culex mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae).effective mosquito control is vital to curtail the devastating health effects of many vectored diseases. rna interference (rnai)-mediated control of mosquitoes is an attractive alternative to conventional chemical pesticides. previous studies have suggested that transcripts for inhibitors of apoptosis (iaps) may be good rnai targets. to revisit and extend previous reports, we examined the expression of aedes aegypti (l.) iaps (aaeiaps) 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, and a viral iap-associated factor (viaf) as w ...201626659858
spatial clustering of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and its impact on entomological surveillance indicators.spatial clustering of aedes aegypti (l.) was assessed in 0.25-km2 sampling plots located in three different neighborhoods in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil monitoring was carried out with two oviposition traps (collecting either. eggs or adult mosquitoes) over a consecutive 80-wk period. taylor power laws (tpl) were used to assess clustering in both adult and egg collections. the clustering level observed in both tpl models was sufficient to increase by two to three times the sampling effort ...201626659607
oviposition behavior in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in response to the presence of heterospecific and conspecific larvae.in mosquitoes, location of suitable sites for oviposition requires a set of visual, tactile, and olfactory cues that influences females before laying their eggs. the ability of gravid females to distinguish among potential oviposition sites that will or will not support the growth, development, and survival of their progeny is critical. aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) share ecological niches, being highly competitive in larval stage. we studied the oviposition behavior of both sp ...201626634825
genetic deviation in geographically close populations of the dengue vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae): influence of environmental barriers in south india.mosquitoes are vectors of devastating pathogens and parasites, causing millions of deaths every year. dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. recently, dengue transmission has strongly increased in urban and semiurban areas, becoming a major international public health concern. aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) is a primary vector of dengue. shedding light on genetic deviation in a. aegypti populations is of crucial importance to fu ...201626627691
hydrothermal synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: mosquitocidal potential and anticancer activity on human breast cancer cells (mcf-7).mosquito vectors (diptera: culicidae) are responsible for transmission of serious diseases worldwide. mosquito control is being enhanced in many areas, but there are significant challenges, including increasing resistance to insecticides and lack of alternative, cost-effective, and eco-friendly products. to deal with these crucial issues, recent emphasis has been placed on plant materials with mosquitocidal properties. furthermore, cancers figure among the leading causes of morbidity and mortali ...201626621285
sustained efficacy of the novel topical repellent tt-4302 against mosquitoes and ticks.mosquitoes and ticks are blood-feeding pests of humans and animals that can vector many important aetiological agents of disease. previous research demonstrated that tt-4302 (guardian(®) wilderness) containing 5% geraniol applied to human subjects gave 5-6 h of repellency against mosquitoes (depending on species) and was repellent to ticks in vitro. this study was conducted to obtain an independent third-party evaluation of tt-4302 against stegomyia aegypti (= aedes aegypti) (diptera: culicidae) ...201626614394
the siren's song: exploitation of female flight tones to passively capture male aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the need to capture male mosquitoes has intensified recently as a result of a number of male-based sterile insect technique (sit) and population-modification programs focused on aedes aegypti (l.) having initiated field releases. here, we report the results of the successful exploitation of the attraction of male ae. aegypti to female flight tones to enhance male collections in nonmechanical passive (nonbattery powered) gravid aedes traps (gat). prior to field studies, male attraction to female ...201626502754
the influence of ambient temperature on the susceptibility of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin.insecticides are the most common strategy used for the management of mosquitoes. changes in ambient temperature can alter the toxicity of insecticides to ectothermic organisms. studies show organophosphate insecticides exhibit a positive correlation between ambient temperature and mortality for many insect species, and carbamate insecticides exhibit a slightly negative correlation between ambient temperature and mortality. pyrethroid insecticides exhibit a distinctly negative correlation between ...201626477050
development of a mosquito attractant blend of small molecules against host-seeking aedes aegypti.a mosquito's dependence on olfaction in the hunt for human host could be efficiently exploited to protect humans from mosquito bites. the present study is undertaken to make the most attractant compound blend for aedes aegypti mosquitoes to lure them to traps. eleven molecules (m1-m11) at different dilutions were screened for attractancy against non-blood-fed adult female mosquitoes in an olfactometer. the results showed that the attractancy was dependent on both the chemical nature of the molec ...201626693718
studies on aedes aegypti resistance to some insecticides in the jazan district, saudi arabia.the present study provided information on the susceptibility status of the adult and larvae of aedes aegypti mosquitoes in jazan region of saudi arabia. bioassay tests were performed on adults and larvae by using who recommended concentrations and test kits. adults of ae. aegypti mosquitoes were exposed to test papers impregnated with lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05%), cyfluthrin (0.15%), deltamethrin (0.05%), permethrin (0.75%), fenitrothion (1%), bendiocarb (0.1%) and ddt (4%) insecticides. ae. aegyp ...201627363057
the eye of the tiger, the thrill of the fight: effective larval and adult control measures against the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae), in north america.the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (skuse), is a highly invasive container-inhabiting species with a global distribution. this mosquito, similar to other stegomyia species such as aedes aegypti (l.), is highly adapted to urban and suburban areas, and commonly oviposits in artificial containers, which are ubiquitous in these peridomestic environments. the increase in speed and amount of international travel and commerce, coupled with global climate change, have aided in the resurgence and ...201627354440
mosquito salivary allergen aed a 3: cloning, comprehensive molecular analysis, and clinical evaluation.allergic reactions to mosquito bites are an increasing clinical concern. due to the lack of availability of mosquito salivary allergens, they are underdiagnosed. here, we reported a newly cloned mosquito aedes (ae.) aegypti salivary allergen.201626608594
rapid biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using crotalaria verrucosa leaves against the dengue vector aedes aegypti: what happens around? an analysis of dragonfly predatory behaviour after exposure at ultra-low doses.aedes aegypti is a primary vector of dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease infecting 50-100 million people every year. here, we biosynthesised mosquitocidal silver nanoparticles (agnp) using the aqueous leaf extract of crotalaria verrucosa. the green synthesis of agnp was studied by uv-vis spectroscopy, sem, edx and ftir. c. verrucosa-synthesised agnps were toxic against a. aegypti larvae and pupae. lc50 of agnp ranged from 3.496 ppm (i instar larvae) to 17.700 ppm (pupae). furthermore, we eval ...201626284510
a novel in vitro bioassay to explore the repellent effects of compounds against mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).mosquitoes are vectors for many pathogens resulting in many deaths of humans. repellents play an important role in reducing mosquito bites and the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. currently, klun & debboun (k & d) and human-arm-based bioassay systems are used to identify repellent properties of compounds, extracts, and essential oils. risks involved with human-arm-based systems are allergic reactions and limited replicates. we are reporting an in vitro bioassay method “ncnpr repellent bioassay ...201626590191
improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against aedes aegypti (linn.) and anopheles dirus (peyton and harrison).repellency of essential oil extracted from curcuma longa, eucalyptus globulus, and citrus aurantium at various concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 %) with and without 5 % vanillin was evaluated against female mosquitoes: aedes aegypti and anopheles dirus. the comparisons were made with a commercial chemical repellent (n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) 25 % w/w; kor yor 15) by arm in cage method. it was found that the essential oils with 5 % vanillin gave the longest lasting period against t ...201626358103
identification of a major quantitative trait locus determining resistance to the organophosphate temephos in the dengue vector mosquito aedes aegypti.organophosphate insecticides (op) have extensively been used to control mosquitoes, such as the vector aedes aegypti. unfortunately, op resistance has hampered control programs worldwide. we used quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping to evaluate temephos resistance in two f1 intercross populations derived from crosses between a resistant ae. aegypti strain (recr) and two susceptible strains (moyod and red). a single major effect qtl was identified on chromosome 2 of both segregating populations ...201626576515
utilization of biodiesel by-products for mosquito control.the current paper has elaborated the efficient utilization of non-edible oil seed cakes (neoc), by-products of the bio-diesel extraction process to develop a herbal and novel mosquitocidal composition against the aedes aegypti larvae. the composition consisted of botanical active ingredients, inerts, burning agents and preservatives; where the botanical active ingredients were karanja (pongamia glabra) cake powder and jatropha (jatropha curcas) cake powder, products left after the extraction of ...201626296531
insecticidal potential of ocimum canum plant extracts against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larval and adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae).mosquitoes have developed resistance to various synthetic insecticides, making their control increasingly difficult. insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable natural control. this study evaluates the toxic potential of ocimum canum (sims) leaf extract and powder against anopheles stephensi (liston), aedes aegypti (lin) and culex quinquefasciatus (say) larval and adult mosquitoes. larval mortality was observed after 24 h recovery period and adult smoke toxicity observed for 40 min d ...201626135241
first report of l1014f kdr mutation in culex quinquefasciatus in mexico.the l1014f mutation in the voltage-sodium channel gene has been associated with resistance to ddt and pyrethroids in various arthropod species including mosquitoes. we determined the frequency of the l1014f kdr mutation in 16 field populations of culex quinquefasciatus from northeastern mexico collected between 2008 and 2013. the l1014f was present in all populations analyzed with the lowest frequency (3.33%) corresponding to the population from monclova collected in 2012, and the highest freque ...201625765734
[the filaria dipetalonema dessetae: phenomena of regulation and parasite yield in the aedes vector].numerical observations were made on the various steps of the cycle of dipetalonema dessetae in aedes aegypti: -- ingestion of microfilariae: the numbers of the ingested microfilariae correspond to a negative binomial distribution, but the over-dispersion is less important than in the bancroft's filaria as observed by pichon; in this last case the microfilariae are thicker and thus are more slowed in the capillari; -- crossing of the stomach wall: the "limitation" is caused by a precociously esta ...2016754621
[the ability of sumah virus of the ukuniemi group to reproduce in aedes aegypti mosquitoes]. 20165141615
[increased artificial resistance to ddt in adult aedes aegypti by contact of larvae with the insecticide]. 201613585041
[findings on the biology of culicidae in hanoï (tonkin, north vietnam). i. comparative larval development of various strains of aedes albopictus, aedes aegypti, culex fatigans & armigeres obturans]. 201613559861
[limits of the possibilities of acquisition of resistance to ddt of a strain of aedes aegypti subjected to known larval selection for 11 successive generations]. 201613886805
[aedes aegypti eradication campaign in chile]. 201612977855
functional analysis of the abcs of eye color in helicoverpa armigera with crispr/cas9-induced mutations.many insect pigments are localized in subcellular pigment granules, and transport of pigment precursors from the cytoplasm is accomplished by abc proteins. drosophila melanogaster has three half-transporter genes (white, scarlet, and brown, all affecting eye pigments) and bombyx mori has a fourth (ok). the white, brown, scarlet and ok proteins each have one transmembrane and one cytoplasmic domain and they heterodimerize to form functional transporters with different substrate specificities. we ...201728053351
evaluations of dual attractant toxic sugar baits for surveillance and control of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in florida.dual attractant toxic sugar baits (d-atsb) containing two host kairomones, l-lactic (la) and 1-octen-3-ol (o), and fruit-based attractants were evaluated through olfactory, consumption and mortality, and semi-field experiments to determine if host kairomones could first, enhance attraction of a fruit-based (attractant) toxic sugar bait (atsb), and second, increase the efficacy of a fruit based attractive toxic sugar bait (atsb).201728057066
evaluation of the importance of fever with respect to dengue prognosis according to the 2009 who classification: a retrospective study.the 2009 revised world health organization (who) guidelines for dengue describe fever as the core symptom. accordingly, the diagnosis of non-febrile patients is complicated. the aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of fever in patients with dengue according to the 2009 revised who classification.201728052760
persistent zika virus detection in semen in a traveler returning to the united kingdom from brazil, 2016.zika virus is normally transmitted by mosquitos, but cases of sexual transmission have been reported. we describe a patient with symptomatic zika virus infection in whom the virus was detected in semen for 92 days. our findings support recommendations for 6 months of barrier contraceptive use after symptomatic zika virus infection.201727748650
commensal viruses of mosquitoes: host restriction, transmission, and interaction with arboviral pathogens.recent advances in virus detection strategies and deep sequencing technologies have enabled the identification of a multitude of new viruses that persistently infect mosquitoes but do not infect vertebrates. these are usually referred to as insect-specific viruses (isvs). these novel viruses have generated considerable interest in their modes of transmission, persistence in mosquito populations, the mechanisms that restrict their host range to mosquitoes, and their interactions with pathogens tr ...201728096646
epidemic outbreak of chikungunya in two neighboring towns in the colombian caribbean: a survival analysis.the first autochthonous chikungunya virus transmission in colombia was reported in september 2014. three months later, every town in the caribbean region was affected, including the bordering towns of ovejas and corozal, in the department of sucre. the objective of the study was to analyze and compare the temporal dynamics of the outbreak of chikungunya in two towns of the department of sucre.201728074128
enhancement of mosquito trapping efficiency by using pulse width modulated light emitting diodes.in this study, a light-driving bug zapper is presented for well controlling the diseases brought by insects, such as mosquitoes. in order to have the device efficient to trap the insect pests in off-grid areas, pulse width modulated light emitting diodes (pwm-led) combined with a solar power module are proposed and implemented. with specific pwm electric signals to drive the led, it is found that no matter what the ability of catching insects or the consumed power efficiency can be enhanced thus ...201728059148
synthesis and insecticidal activity of acridone derivatives to aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae and non-target aquatic species.a serious mosquito borne yellow fever is one of the grave diseases which affect the major population. since there is no specific treatment for yellow fever, there is a necessity to develop an effective agent. the series of acridinone analogues 3 to 5 were synthesized with help of non-conventional microwave heating and confirmed by respective spectral characterization. 5c and 3b showed highest activity to kill 90% of larvae against a. aegypti and c. quinquefasciatus, respectively. also the active ...201728059104
discovery of flavivirus-derived endogenous viral elements in anopheles mosquito genomes supports the existence of anopheles-associated insect-specific flaviviruses.the flavivirus genus encompasses several arboviruses of public health significance such as dengue, yellow fever, and zika viruses. it also includes insect-specific flaviviruses (isfs) that are only capable of infecting insect hosts. the vast majority of mosquito-infecting flaviviruses have been associated with mosquito species of the aedes and culex genera in the culicinae subfamily, which also includes most arbovirus vectors. mosquitoes of the anophelinae subfamily are not considered significan ...201728078104
assessment of synthetic floral-based attractants and sugar baits to capture male and female aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the viruses transmitted by aedes aegypti, including dengue and zika viruses, are rapidly expanding in geographic range and as a threat to public health. in response, control programs are increasingly turning to the use of sterile insect techniques resulting in a need to trap male ae. aegypti to monitor the efficacy of the intervention. however, there is a lack of effective and cheap methods for trapping males. thus, we attempted to exploit the physiological need to obtain energy from sugar feedi ...201728095875
identification of functional enolase genes of the silkworm bombyx mori from public databases with a combination of dry and wet bench processes.various insect species have been added to genomic databases over the years. thus, researchers can easily obtain online genomic information on invertebrates and insects. however, many incorrectly annotated genes are included in these databases, which can prevent the correct interpretation of subsequent functional analyses. to address this problem, we used a combination of dry and wet bench processes to select functional genes from public databases.201728086791
application of the analytic hierarchy approach to the risk assessment of zika virus disease transmission in guangdong province, china.an international spread of zika virus (zikv) infection has attracted global attention in 2015. the infection also affected guangdong province, which is located in southern china. multiple factors, including frequent communication with south america and southeast asia, suitable climate (sub-tropical) for the habitat of aedes species, may increase the risk of zikv disease transmission in this region.201728086897
functional characterization of the active mutator-like transposable element, muta1 from the mosquito aedes aegypti.mutator-like transposable elements (mules) are widespread with members in fungi, plants, and animals. most of the research on the mule superfamily has focused on plant mules where they were discovered and where some are extremely active and have significant impact on genome structure. the maize mudr element has been widely used as a tool for both forward and reverse genetic studies because of its high transposition rate and preference for targeting genic regions. however, despite being widesprea ...201728096902
juvenile hormone biosynthesis in adult blattella germanica requires nuclear receptors seven-up and ftz-f1.in insects, the transition from juvenile development to the adult stage is controlled by juvenile hormone (jh) synthesized from the corpora allata (ca) glands. whereas a jh-free period during the last juvenile instar triggers metamorphosis and the end of the growth period, the reappearance of this hormone after the imaginal molt marks the onset of reproductive adulthood. despite the importance of such transition, the regulatory mechanism that controls it remains mostly unknown. here, using the h ...201728074850
emergence of epidemic zika virus transmission and congenital zika syndrome: are recently evolved traits to blame?the mechanisms responsible for the dramatic emergence of zika virus (zikv), accompanied by congenital zika syndrome and guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), remain unclear. however, two hypotheses are prominent: (i) evolution for enhanced urban transmission via adaptation to mosquito vectors, or for enhanced human infection to increase amplification, or (ii) the stochastic introduction of zikv into large, naive human populations in regions with abundant aedes aegypti populations, leading to enough rar ...201728074023
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