Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [the yeast flora of blood-sucking mosquitoes]. | yeast flora composition has been studied in natural populations of blood-sucking mosquitoes of genera aedes. anopheles and culex dwelling in the territory of ukraine. the authors have distinguished 18 yeast species belonging to 7 genera. species candida famata, c. (yarrowia) lipolytica as well as the yeast of genera rhodotorula and cryptococcus dominate on the larvae and imago of mosquitoes. the distinguished strains are the components of normal microflora of blood-sucking mosquitoes and take no ... | 1996 | 8983519 |
| the effect of chitin synthesis inhibitors on the development of brugia malayi in aedes aegypti. | two chitin synthesis inhibitors (csis) viz., triflumuron and hexaflumuron interfere++ with the development of brugia malayi in aedes aegypti (a black-eyed liverpool strain). the development of b. malayi was slow in both the treated populations and the infection rate, infectivity rate and l3 load per mosquito decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in comparison with untreated controls. hexaflumuron was found to be more inhibiting than triflumuron. | 1996 | 8984113 |
| in vivo effect of a natural aedes aegypti defensin on brugia pahangi development. | 1996 | 8994145 | |
| nad(p)h-dependent production of oxygen reactive species by the salivary glands of the mosquito anopheles albimanus. | salivary gland homogenates of the adult female mosquito anopheles albimanus, but not those of aedes aegypti, induced light production in the presence of nadph and luminol, indicating a nadph oxidase activity producing reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion) by the anopheline salivary homogenate. superoxide production by the anopheline salivary homogenate was also confirmed by the nadph-dependent, superoxide dismutase inhibitable, reduction of cytochrome c. the nadph oxidase reaction measured ... | 1996 | 8995793 |
| [description of the colonization of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in the region of saõ josé do rio preto, sp, 1991-1994]. | this study aims to describe and analyze the colonization of aedes albopictus whose presence was detected in 1991 in the area of sào josé do rio. preto already colonized by the aedes aegypti. year and month of occurrence, counties, composition and location of larval samples, kinds of containers, average number of larvae an breteau index bare been analyzed from the information obtained in measurements of larval density by superintendência de controle de endemias (sucen). the presence of aedes albo ... | 1996 | 9011878 |
| activity of novel juvenoids on arthropods of veterinary importance. | different juvenile hormone mimics were compared regarding their efficacy against larval and pupal stages of the diptera aedes aegypti, musca domestica, and lucilia cuprina as well as the cat flea ctenocephalides felis. structure-activity relationship of a series of new diphenylethers was analyzed and compared to juvenoids like methoprene, hydroprene, and fenoxycarb. selected compounds were taken for a competition binding assay and their effect on jh-degradation by esterases was examined. the res ... | 1996 | 8756312 |
| epidemic dengue 2 in the city of djibouti 1991-1992. | from october 1991 to february 1992, an outbreak of acute fever (in which thick blood films were negative for malaria) spread rapidly in the city of djibouti, djibouti republic, affecting all age groups and both nationals and foreigners. the estimated number of cases was 12,000. the clinical features were consistent with a non-haemorrhagic dengue-like illness. serum samples from 91 patients were analysed serologically for flavivirus infection (dengue 1-4, west nile, yellow fever, zika, banzi, and ... | 1996 | 8758061 |
| transovarial transmission of dengue 3 virus by aedes aegypti. | 1996 | 9015501 | |
| laboratory evaluation of toxic baits for mosquito (aedes aegypti) larvae. | toxic bait discs were prepared by incorporating the larvicide abate (temephos) technical, with yeast and dog biscuit (1:1), the latter forming the attractant source. these were assessed in 1, 10 and 25 litre aquaria and 100 litre drums against aedes aegypti larvae. floating as well as sinking bait discs were found equally effective in controlling free moving larvae. larvae confined in artificially suspended cages were not affected. the baits were found effective for 5 to 6 weeks. toxic disc bait ... | 1996 | 8781040 |
| molecular characterization of the mosquito vitellogenin receptor reveals unexpected high homology to the drosophila yolk protein receptor. | the mosquito (aedes aegypti) vitellogenin receptor (aavgr) is a large membrane-bound protein (214 kda when linearized) that mediates internalization of vitellogenin, the major yolk-protein precursor, by oocytes during egg development. we have cloned and sequenced two cdna fragments encompassing the entire coding region of aavgr mrna, to our knowledge the first insect vgr sequence to be reported. the 7.3-kb aavgr mrna is present only in female germ-line cells and is abundant in previtellogenic oo ... | 1996 | 8799131 |
| bioefficacy of mosquito mat, coil and dispenser formulations containing allethrin group of synthetic pyrethroids against mosquito vectors. | the bioefficacy of mats, coils and dispensers containing allethrin group of synthetic pyrethroids was studied against laboratory strains of culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi. except esbiothrin in the mat formulation which was 100 and 178 times more effective against cx. quinquefasciatus than against ae. aegypti and an. stephensi with kt50 of 0.005, 0.5 and 0.89 min. respectively, all the three allethrins in mat or coil formulations were equally effective against the t ... | 1996 | 8810142 |
| effect of inactivation by sunlight on the larvicidal activities of mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis h-14 isolates from nigerian soils. | bacillus thuringiensis h-14 is a well recognized bioinsecticide against mosquitoes. this study investigates the inactivation effect of sunlight on the larvicidal activities of four nigerian isolates of b. thuringiensis h-14, code-named obg1, obg8, gsc3 and gna13 as compared with a standard mosquito larvicide, b. thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti). a 0.125 mg/1 suspension of spore-delta-endotoxin powder of each isolate was exposed to direct sunlight for 7 h on a concrete roof (ca. 13 m high). a ... | 1996 | 8810143 |
| evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus sphaericus strains from chinese soils toxic to mosquito larvae | during our research to isolate and screen microbial agents, eight bacillus thuringiensis isolates and five bacillus sphaericus isolates were shown to have high toxicity to mosquito larvae. comparing the lc50 values, four b. sphaericus isolates with lc50 values ranging from 0.50 to 1.47 ng/ml were about two to six times more toxic than strain 1593 (lc50 3.00 ng/ml) against larvae of culex quinquefasciatus. four b. thuringiensis isolates (lc50 values ranging from 3.80 to 7.54 ng/ml) and four b. sp ... | 1996 | 8812574 |
| aedes aegypti: induced antibacterial proteins reduce the establishment and development of brugia malayi. | the effect of host immune activation on the development of brugia malayi in one susceptible and four refractory strains of aedes aegypti and in armigeres subalbatus was assessed. a. aegypti that were immune activated by the injection of saline or bacteria 24 hr before feeding on a b. malayi-infected gerbil had significantly reduced prevalences and mean intensities of infection from those of naive controls when exposed to bloodmeals with low (105 mf/20 microliters) and medium (160 mf/20 microlite ... | 1996 | 8682188 |
| characterization of the clinical and anatomical pathological changes associated with hepatozoon mocassini infections in unnatural reptilian hosts. | laboratory-reared aedes aegypti mosquitoes were employed in the successful transmission of hepatozoon mocassini from a cotton-mouth moccasin (agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma) to 3 lizard species (sceloporus undulatus, eumeces obsoletus and sceloporus poinsetti). marked to severe lethargy and anorexia developed in the s. undulatus, e. obsoletus and s. poinsetti at 15, 38, and 96 days postinfection (pi), respectively. all 3 lizards developed a leukocytosis and had increased plasma aspartate amin ... | 1996 | 8690537 |
| evaluation of controlled-release mosquito repellent formulations. | eight polymer and 9 microcapsule formulations of deet were tested on laboratory rabbits against aedes aegypti and anopheles albimanus. several formulations were significantly more effective than simple (unformulated) deet at the same strength for periods up to 24 h. best results were obtained with a polymer formulation containing a high molecular weight fatty acid and 3 microcapsule formulations containing lanolin, gum arabic, gelatin, tannic acid, stearic acid, polypropylene glycol, water, and ... | 1996 | 8723256 |
| evaluation of the laboratory rabbit model for screening topical mosquito repellents. | the laboratory rabbit was evaluated as a model for screening topical mosquito repellents, using data obtained in tests of deet (n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) against aedes aegypti on humans and rabbits. host-specific differences in the action of the test material were quantified by multiple regression analysis. the test material was less effective but more persistent in tests on rabbits, and responses of the mosquito test population were more variable. | 1996 | 8723273 |
| lipid transfer from insect fat body to lipophorin: comparison between a mosquito triacylglycerol-rich lipophorin and a sphinx moth diacylglycerol-rich lipophorin. | two insect lipoproteins, triacylglycerol-rich aedes aegypti lipophorin and diacylglycerol-rich manduca sexta lipophorin, were compared in their ability to load neutral lipid from fat body. when fat body of m. sexta was incubated in vitro with [3h]oleic acid, all radiolabeled fatty acids were esterified, predominantly to triacylglycerol. in a. aegypti fat body, however, half of the label remained as free fatty acids. when a. aegypti fat body was radiolabeled with [3h]glycerol, most of the radiola ... | 1996 | 8725165 |
| surveillance of the mosquito aedes aegypti and its biocontrol with the copepod mesocyclops aspericornis in australian wells and gold mines. | a survey of the dengue vector mosquito aedes aegypti was undertaken using funnel traps to detect immature stages (larvae and pupae) in flooded disused mine shafts and wells in charters towers, queensland, northern australia. the town has a history of dengue fever since 1885 when goldminers were the first recorded victims. during the latest dengue epidemic in 1993, 2% of the population had laboratory-confirmed dengue virus type 2, despite source reduction of ae.aegypti breeding-sites at ground le ... | 1996 | 8744708 |
| antibody-mediated inhibition of aedes aegypti midgut trypsins blocks sporogonic development of plasmodium gallinaceum. | the peritrophic matrix (pm) that forms around a blood meal is a potential barrier of plasmodium development in mosquitoes. previously, we have shown that to traverse the pm, plasmodium ookinetes secrete a prochitinase and that an inhibitor of chitinase blocks further parasite development. here we report that it is the mosquito trypsin that activates the plasmodium prochitinase. trypsin was identified as the chitinase-activating enzyme by two criteria: (i) trypsin activity and activating activity ... | 1996 | 8641775 |
| cloning and sequencing of trehalose synthase gene from pimelobacter sp. r48. | the gene encoding trehalose synthase (catalyzing the conversion of maltose into alpha, alpha-trehalose by intramolecular transglucosylation) was cloned from pimelobacter sp. r48. sequence analysis revealed a 1719-bp synthase gene and a 573-residue amino-acid sequence. the 220 n-terminal residues were homologous to those of maltases from saccharomyces carlsbergensis and aedes aegypti. | 1996 | 8645698 |
| cloning and expression of the first anaerobic toxin gene from clostridium bifermentans subsp. malaysia, encoding a new mosquitocidal protein with homologies to bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins. | a gene (cbm71) encoding a 71,128-da mosquitocidal protein (cbm71) was obtained by screening a size-fractionated xbai digest of total genomic dna from clostridium bifermentans subsp. malaysia ch18 with two gene-specific oligonucleotide probes. the sequence of the cbm71 protein, as deduced from the sequence of cbm71, corresponds to that of the 66-kda protein previously described as one of the mosquitocidal components of c. bifermentans subsp. malaysia. cbm71 shows limited similarities with bacillu ... | 1996 | 8655486 |
| experimental evidence against replication or dissemination of hepatitis c virus in mosquitoes (diptera:culicidae) using detection by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. | in 3 laboratory experiments, mosquitoes were fed hepatitis c virus (hcv)-rna positive blood by using membrane feeders, separated into head, thorax, and abdomen, and tested by a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for hcv-rna. hcv did not replicate or disseminate in mosquitoes that had ingested blood from patients that were hcv-viremic positive. when yellow fever mosquitoes, aedes aegypti (l.), were held for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d after feeding, hcv-rna was detected in the abdomens of ... | 1996 | 8667387 |
| dengue vector mosquitos at a tourist attraction, ko samui, in 1995. | on ko samui, thailand there were two epidemics of dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) in 1966 and 1967, followed by endemics up to 1994. aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus were the vectors. from january to july 1995, 51 cases of dhf were reported, out of these were many foreigners who still suffer from dengue fever and return home with negative impression. we carried out an entomological survey around the island and collected the mosquitos to detect dengue virus by digoxigenin-cdna probe. the data re ... | 1996 | 9031420 |
| ultralow volume application of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis for the control of mosquitoes. | evaluation of the effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (b.t.i.) against mosquito larvae dispersed by ultralow volume (ulv) spraying was conducted in simulated field trials. effectiveness was measured using 3 different indicators: larval mortality, colony-forming unit enumeration, and droplet analysis. b.t.i. was dispersed with a ulv generator using 2 different flow rates: 0.3 and 0.5 liter/min on 2 different days. based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that a ... | 1996 | 9046471 |
| newsletters as a channel for communication in a community-based aedes aegypti control program in marília, brazil. | in marília, brazil, community newsletters were established in a pilot project on community-based aedes aegypti control. the newsletters were an excellent way of promoting communication between community members and project personnel. while people might not have attended a dengue meeting, they did turn up at meetings to plan the newsletters. during these meetings project staff obtained information about the communities that was crucial for planning a community-based recycling project that targete ... | 1996 | 9046485 |
| [detection of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, in an urban zone of the municipality of catanduva, sp, after control of a dengue epidemic]. | after the realization of control research that had in view the transmission of dengue virus, we started to monitor two kinds of entomological vigilance, breteau index and ovitrap. we intended to evaluate the necessary time elapsed before aedes sp mosquitoes were again detected at the urban area of catanduva s town (sp). the ovitraps showed positiveness for the aedes aegypti two months after the control research, while the breteau index became positive only at the fourth month after the end of th ... | 1996 | 9026829 |
| domestic breeding sources and their contribution in anopheles stephensi breeding in dindigul, tamil nadu. | longitudinal study taken up for one year in 10 different types of breeding habitats in dindigul town, tamil nadu, revealed that out of 51,785 habitats 225 (0.43%) were found positive for anopheles stephensi immatures. the overall positivity varied between 0.03 to 1.31% with peak density during july. the observed habitat-wise positivity was overhead tanks 0-7.07%; wells 0-1.69%; under ground tanks 0-2.26%; tappits 0-2.36%; outside tanks (permanent) 0-2.42%; outside tanks (temporary) 0-0.39%; insi ... | 1996 | 9125833 |
| characterization and biological activity of a brazilian isolate of bacillus sphaericus (neide) highly toxic to mosquito larvae. | primary powders of bacillus sphaericus strain s2 isolated from soil samples in brazil, and strain 2362 were produced in a 14 liter fermentor. growth patterns and sporulation observed in three trials with strains s2 and 2362 in the fermentor were similar. second-instar larvae of culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles albimanus, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and aedes aegypti exposed for 48 hr to strain s2 responded with lc50 values of 0.25, 5.95, 12.28 and 140.0 ppb of lyophilized primary powder, respect ... | 1996 | 9283664 |
| characterization of six highly mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis strains that do not belong to h-14 serotype. | four strains belonging to bacillus thuringiensis serovars thompsoni, malaysiensis, canadensis, jegathesan and two auto-agglutinating b.t. strains were identified as being highly toxic to the mosquito larvae of the species aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex pipiens. their larvicidal and hemolytic activities were determined and compared with those of strains known to be highly mosquitocidal and/or cytolytic from serovars of b.t. israelensis, morrisoni, darmstadiensis, medellin, kyushuen ... | 1996 | 8555944 |
| mosquitoes, models, and dengue. | in the last 10 years dengue has spread markedly through latin america and the caribbean (dominican republic, jamaica, barbados, mexico, guatemala, el salvador, honduras, nicaragua, costa rica, panama, ecuador, colombia, venezuela, and brazil). the mosquito aedes aegypti has taken advantage of increased urbanization and crowding to transmit the dengue virus. the mosquito infests tires, cans, and water jars near dwellings. the female mosquito practices multiple, interrupted feeding. thus, mosq ... | 1996 | 8622446 |
| possible contributing factors to the paucity of yellow fever epidemics in the ashanti region of ghana, west africa. | yellow fever virus vectors identified in the ashanti region of ghana included aedes aegypti, aedes africanus, aedes luteocephalus and aedes vittatus. other mosquito species, unrelated to yellow fever transmission, identified in this study included culex tigripes, culex thalassius, culex decens, culex tarsalis, anopheles gambiae, anopheles stephansi and toxorynchites brevipalpis. factors generally known to influence yellow fever transmission were also studied in the ashanti region. these included ... | 1996 | 8625858 |
| population genetics with rapd-pcr markers: the breeding structure of aedes aegypti in puerto rico. | rapd-pcr polymorphisms at 57 presumptive loci were used to examine the breeding structure of the mosquito aedes aegypti in puerto rico. mosquitoes were sampled from 16 locations in six cities and samples were located in a nested spatial design to examine local patterns of gene flow. allele frequencies were estimated assuming (1) that genomic regions amplified by rapd-pcr segregate as dominant alleles, (2) that genotypes at rapd loci are in hardy-weinberg proportions, (3) identity in state (iis) ... | 1996 | 8626220 |
| genetically engineered resistance to dengue-2 virus transmission in mosquitoes. | the control of arthropod-borne virus diseases such as dengue may ultimately require the genetic manipulation of mosquito vectors to disrupt virus transmission to human populations. to reduce the ability of mosquitoes to transmit dengue viruses, a recombinant sindbis virus was used to transduce female aedes aegypti with a 567-base antisense rna targeted to the premembrane coding region of dengue type 2 (den-2) virus. the transduced mosquitoes were unable to support replication of den-2 virus in t ... | 1996 | 8629025 |
| aedes aegypti midgut early trypsin is post-transcriptionally regulated by blood feeding. | early trypsin is a female-specific protease present in the aedes aegypti midgut during the first hours after ingestion of a blood meal. early trypsin gene expression was studied by northern blot analysis. the early trypsin mrna, absent in larvae, pupae and newly emerged females, reaches detectable levels at 24 h post-emergence and attains a maximum level at an adult age of 4-7 days. after the first week there is a decrease in the steady-state level of the transcript, but it remains readily detec ... | 1996 | 8630532 |
| mosquitocidal activity of the cryic delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai. | the cloned 135-kda cryic delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis is a lepidopteran-active toxin, displaying high activity in vivo against spodoptera litoralis and spodoptera frugiperda larvae and in vitro against the s. frugiperda sf9 cell line. here, we report that the cryic delta-endotoxin cloned from b. thuringienesis subsp. aizawai hd-229 and expressed in an acrystalliferous b. thuringiensis strain is also toxic to aedes aegypti, anophles gambiae, and culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larv ... | 1996 | 8593070 |
| [insects know no border.]. | one of the major consequences of the joined action of demographic pressure and evolution of human activities lies in enormous increase of transportation, both in frequence and speed; taking advantage of these facilities, some arthropods could increase their geographical distribution and create new health threats. several demonstrative examples are exposed in order to illustrate this anthropic dissemination of the vectors : the introduction of anopheles gambiae s.l. in mauritius island between 18 ... | 1996 | 17292311 |
| influence of the copepod mesocyclops longisetus (crustacea: cyclopidae) on the survival of vibrio cholerae o1 in fresh water. | in an experimental microcosm, an analysis was performed of the influence exerted by freshwater mesocyclops longisetus copepods on the survival of vibrio cholerae o1 serovar inaba. in the state of ceará, copepods are used in the control of aedes aegypti larvae. the system consisted of water with a salinity of 0.27 per 10,000 habitants and ph 7.5, which after sterilizing filtration was distributed into seven flasks with a volume of 400 ml; in each of six flasks, 10 live copepods were inoculated al ... | 1996 | 10904360 |
| muscle actin gene from aedes aegypti (diptera:culicidae). | a recombinant phagemid containing a 1,240-bp insert encoding an actin was isolated from a yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.), complementary dna library. this insert (pbs-act35) contained an open reading frame of 822 bp whose deduced amino acid sequence exhibited > 95% homology with the carboxyl terminal 274 amino acids of drosophila melanogaster meigen and silkworm, bombyx mori (l.), actin genes. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to clone and determine the sequence ... | 1996 | 8961646 |
| insecticide impregnated cotton fabrics of different hydrophobicity against aedes aegypti (diptera:culicidae). | residual efficacy of synthetic pyrethroids, viz, permethrin, deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin and an insect repellent depa in cotton fabrics of different hydrophobicity was tested against aedes aegypti. amino silicone was used for enhancing the hydrophobicity of the fabrics. the results showed that there was an increasing trend in repellency/feeding deterrency with the increase in hydrophobicity up to 17.5 weeks at an optimum level of 30g/l. the adulticidal effect lasted for 1 to 4 weeks and this ... | 1996 | 9185280 |
| discovery of aedes albopictus in guatemala. | aedes albopictus was discovered for the first time in guatemala during june 1995. it was collected in 10 out of 15 localities sampled in and around the community of puerto barrios in the department of izabal. the location of the positive collections indicates a more rural distribution than aedes aegypti. sampling was conducted along the atlantic highway up to the capital city to determine the extent of its introduction into the country. larvae were not found more than 4 km outside of puerto barr ... | 1996 | 8887235 |
| enzymatic variability in natural populations of aedes aegypti (diptera:culicidae) from brazil. | yellowfever mosquitoes, aedes aegypti (l), were collected from 3 towns located within 70 km of each other in the state of sao paulo to evaluate the protein variability of natural populations. electrophoretic analysis permitted the identification of 6 loci responsible for the production of leucine aminopeptidase, 3 for esterases and malic enzyme, 2 for malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and 1 for phosphoglucomutase. for the 3 populations, the ... | 1996 | 8840678 |
| the mosquito ultraspiracle homologue, a partner of ecdysteroid receptor heterodimer: cloning and characterization of isoforms expressed during vitellogenesis. | we report the cloning and characterization of two isoforms of the ultraspiracle homologue (aausp) from the mosquito, aedes aegypti. the 2.33-kb aauspa cdna has an open reading frame (orf) of 484 amino acids encoding a polypeptide of 54 kda, whereas the 2.14-kb aauspb orf of 459 amino acids encodes a 51.3 kda polypeptide. the aauspa and aauspb proteins differ only in the n-terminal portion of the variable a/b domain. the aausp dna-binding domain shares 92% and 97% identities with the respective d ... | 1996 | 8892313 |
| cloning and expression analysis of aedes aegypti opsin: adaptation of an in situ hybridization protocol for mosquitoes. | opsin is a g protein coupled photoreceptor that activates a signal transduction cascade in the ommatidia. its primary and secondary structure is conserved both in insects and vertebrates as exemplified by the drosophila opsins. through serendiplious cloning of a pcr fragment, we have identified an opsin cdna. the latter was used to clone full length cdnas from a mosquito head library. the main purpose of cloning was to have a positive control probe to establish an in situ hybridization protocol ... | 1996 | 8799735 |
| adaptive larval thermotolerance and induced cross-tolerance to propoxur insecticide in mosquitoes anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. | fourth-instar larvae of mosquitoes anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti normally died within 90 min at 43 degrees c. pre-exposure to high but sublethal temperatures conferred adaptive thermotolerance, dependent on the temperature and the duration of pre-exposure. adaptive cross-tolerance to propoxur (a carbamate insecticide) was also induced in larvae by pre-exposing them to sublethal temperatures. pre-exposure to sublethal concentrations of propoxur was found to confer cross-thermotolerance to ... | 1996 | 8887340 |
| yellowfever mosquito (diptera:culicidae) introduced into landi kotal, pakistan, by tire importation. | although the recent distribution of yellowfever mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.), in pakistan has been restricted to the port city of karachi, adult and immature mosquitoes breeding in imported tires in warehouses at landi kotal (north-west frontier province) were identified as ae. aegypti. the patterns of tire trade and the current disjunct distribution of ae. aegypti indicated that the introduction into landi kotal may have been either from karachi or india. thermal fog application of pirimiphos-m ... | 1996 | 8699469 |
| response of anopheles farauti to permethrin-treated net and cloth fabrics in the laboratory. | the median effective dose of permethrin for knockdown and mortality of anopheles farauti s. s. exposed to 2 net and 2 cloth fabrics was estimated. there were no significant differences in the knockdown or mortality of an. farauti or aedes aegypti following 15-180-sec exposure to permethrin-treated bed nets and polyester/cotton fabric. despite the presence of permethrin (0.007-0.068 mg/cm2) in bed net material, 18.2-50% of an. farauti adults successfully obtained a blood meal through the nets, an ... | 1996 | 8827613 |
| effect of cetirizine on the inflammatory cells in mosquito bites. | mosquito bites frequently cause wealing and delayed papules which appear within a few hours after the bites and may persist for several days. cetirizine is an effective drug against mosquito bites by decreasing wealing and also the size and pruritus of the delayed bite papules. | 1996 | 8809428 |
| mosquito dopa decarboxylase cdna characterization and blood-meal-induced ovarian expression. | dopa decarboxylase (ddc) functions in insect catecholamine biochemistry to produce materials essential for cross-linking reactions that result in tanning and/or melanization, include tanning of the mosquito egg chorion and encapsulation of parasites. we have cloned ddc from the mosquito, aedes aegypti, and studied its expression in response to blood-feeding, which initiates events necessary for egg maturation in mosquitoes. the ae. aegypti ddc cdna was isolated via heterologous screening using a ... | 1996 | 8673262 |
| critical examination of aedes aegypti indices: correlations with abundance. | the following immature stage indices for aedes (stegomyia) aegypti surveillance were evaluated in four north queensland, australia towns with respect to their relationship to immature and adult female densities: breteau, house, container, larval density, stegomyia (and modifications thereof), and a newly created adult productivity index. spearman's correlations of indices that considered larval or immature (larvae and pupae) numbers had a better relationship with immature abundance but this was ... | 1996 | 8644913 |
| cloning and characterization of cdnas encoding the antibacterial peptide, defensin a, from the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | insect defensins are cationic, inducible antibacterial peptides. four full-length cdnas encoding defensin a from the mosquito aedes aegypti were cloned using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequenced. all four cdnas are 473 base pairs long, bearing an open reading frame of 98 amino acids with a few substitutions in the signal peptide domain. the deduced amino acid sequence of aedes aegypti defensin (aadef) contains a signal peptide sequence of 18 amino acids followed by a 40-amino acid putat ... | 1996 | 8814787 |
| community involvement in the control of aedes aegypti. | in the past 15 years, there has been a dramatic resurgence of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever worldwide, with increased frequency of epidemics and geographic expansion of both the mosquito vectors and the viruses. the reasons for this resurgence are not well understood, but include uncontrolled and unplanned urbanization, increased movement of people and viruses by airplane and lack of effective control of aedes aegypti, the principal mosquito vector of dengue viruses. the recommended method ... | 1996 | 8740894 |
| fish digital imaging microscopy in mosquito genomics. | the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, transmits pathogens that affect both humans and livestock, and has been the focus of extensive research to identify genetic loci that may be useful in control strategies. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) and digital imaging microscopy have provided a rapid mechanism to populate the physical map with probes derived from genetic markers, cdnas and recombinant genomic libraries. when the physical and genetic linkage maps are aligned, map-based clon ... | 1996 | 15275237 |
| toxicity of insecticides to toxorhynchites splendens and three vector mosquitos and their sublethal effect on biocontrol potential of the predator. | toxicity of six larvicides ie fenthion, temephos, malathion, deltamethrin, alphamethrin (fendona), oms 3031 and five adulticides ie malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur, deltamethrin, permethrin to aedes aegypti, culex quiquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and the predator, toxorhynchites splendens was studied for evaluating safety margin. concentrations of alphamethrin that killed 50% larvae of t. splendens were 53 and 12 times more than that which killed cx. quinquefasciatus and ae. aegypti. in ca ... | 1996 | 9031419 |
| involvement of peroxidase in chorion hardening in aedes aegypti. | peroxidase activity is detectable in aedes aegypti ovaries, containing developing eggs, at 24 h following blood feeding, and peak peroxidase activity is reached at 36-48 h after the blood-meal. peroxidase is associated with the chorion layer in mature eggs and the majority of the enzyme is released from the chorion layer by treating the isolated chorion fraction with sds/urea. analysis of the sds/urea solubilized chorion proteins using sds-page with tropolone/h2o2 or dopa staining verified the p ... | 1996 | 8900599 |
| purification and characterization of a major glutathione s-transferase from the mosquito anopheles dirus (species b). | the major form of glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity from the mosquito anopheles dirus (species b), a vector of malaria in thailand has been purified 421-fold. it constituted approx. 20% of the total measured cdnb conjugating activity in the homogenate. this enzyme appeared as a single band of 25.0 +/- 0.26 kda on sds-page and was kinetically characterized with 10 substrates and 4 inhibitors. the enzyme is capable of catalysing dehydrochlorination of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl ... | 1996 | 8900597 |
| stable expression of insect gaba receptors in insect cell lines. promoters for efficient expression of drosophila and mosquito rdl gaba receptors in stably transformed mosquito cell lines. | we are interested in establishing stably transformed insect cell lines efficiently expressing the insect gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor subunit gene resistance to dieldrin or rdl. in order to facilitate this we utilized a system based on stable transformation of aedes albopictus mosquito cell lines using the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene as a selected marker. here we report the production of stable mosquito cell lines carrying high copy numbers of rdl genes from both drosophila an ... | 1996 | 8601436 |
| functional analysis of a mosquito gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor gene promoter. | a single point mutation in the insect gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (gabar)-encoding gene (rdl) confers high levels of resistance to cyclodienes in drosophila and other insects. we were interested in studying the promoter of this gene for two reasons. firstly, to define the elements underlying rdl expression. secondly, to identify the minimum set of regulatory elements necessary for construction of a functional rdl minigene. such an insecticide-resistance-associated minigene should form a str ... | 1996 | 8654932 |
| generation of expressed sequence tags and sequence-tagged sites as physical landmarks in the mosquito, aedes aegypti, genome. | twenty-three clones were developed as expressed sequence tags (ests) and sequence-tagged sites (stss) that provide broad coverage of the mosquito, aedes aegypti, genome at an average spacing of about 7.2 cm. each of these clones had been mapped previously as a restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) marker. nineteen of these clones represent anonymous cdnas and 4 clones represent known genes. forty-seven percent of the anonymous cdnas showed significant deduced amino acid sequence simila ... | 1996 | 8851807 |
| quiescent ovarioles in the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). | 1996 | 8729634 | |
| ovulation and post-ovulation changes in the terminal region of the ovarioles of the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). | detachment of the follicular epithelium from the chorion occurs prior to the passage of the mature egg into the calyx lumen, resulting in a mature oocyte lying free in an epithelial sac. the mature oocytes rupture the epithelial sac, including the tunica propria at the posterior pole, then break through the basal (or granular basal) bodies to enter the calyx lumen. just after ovulation, the formerly terminal parts of the ovariole remain attached to the posterior end of the egg sac near its openi ... | 1996 | 8729630 |
| leucokinin increases paracellular permeability in insect malpighian tubules | there are two major transport pathways across epithelia: a transcellular pathway through cells and a paracellular pathway between cells. previous electrophysiological studies in mosquito malpighian tubules suggested that the neuropeptide leucokinin-viii (lk-viii) increases the chloride permeability of the paracellular pathway. to test the effect of lk-viii on the paracellular pathway further, we measured transepithelial permeabilities of inulin and sucrose in isolated malpighian tubules from the ... | 1996 | 9320463 |
| [the prevention of dengue in guadeloupe]. | dengue is the only disease transmitted by mosquitoes in the guadeloupe islands of french antilles. two dengue outbreaks were reported in 1992 and 1994. aedes aegypti is recognized the only vector of dengue in guadeloupe, and the 200 l drums are the most important breeding-sites. vector control in guadeloupe includes community health education, larvicide and adulticide spraying, and the destruction of the breeding-sites. however, ae. aegypti control has limitations such as the lack of participati ... | 1996 | 8924773 |
| [oviposition and dispersion of aedes aegypti in an urban environment]. | it is generally accepted that female aedes aegypti do not fly more than 50-100 m in their entire lifetime, yet the rapidity with which this species colonizes new areas, and the explosive nature of dengue and yellow fever epidemics appear to contradict this. using molecular methods, we have confirmed that the ae. aegypti females lay small numbers of eggs at many sites. the distribution of available sites implies that the female may fly a considerable distance to deposit her whole egg batch. we de ... | 1996 | 8924769 |
| central olfactory pathways in mosquitoes and other insects. | studies of cns processing of olfactory information have contributed significantly to understanding olfactory-guided behaviour in insects. evidence in moths suggests that each glomerulus in the antennal lobes has a unique property: receptor-axon projections and dendritic arborizations of uniglomerular output neurons can relate to anatomically and functionally distinct glomeruli. similar correlations are not typical of the concentrically organized locust antennal lobes. insights about odour proces ... | 1996 | 8894298 |
| natriuretic and depolarizing effects of a stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans) factor on malpighian tubules. | a two-step hplc purification procedure resulted in a factor from the stable fly that depolarizes the lumen-negative transepithelial voltage (v(t)) of the adult stable fly malpighian tubule. when applied to tubules of the female mosquito, aedes aegypti, this factor partially mimics the electrophysiological actions of the mosquito natriuretic factor (mnf). it also selectively increases active transepithelial na transport by the mosquito malpighian tubule. the blood meal causes a transient increase ... | 1997 | 12770470 |
| impact of dengue virus infection on feeding behavior of aedes aegypti. | in addition to heavily infecting the salivary glands of aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes, dengue viruses produce a significant infection of the nervous system, involving the brain, johnston's organ, compound eye, and thoracic and abdominal ganglion. to determine if dengue infection affects feeding behavior of ae. aegypti we measured feeding times, counted the number of feeding delays or interruptions, and by in situ immunocytochemistry techniques determined the spatial and temporal distribution of ... | 1997 | 9288801 |
| venereal and vertical transmission of the aedes albopictus parvovirus in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | following per oral infection of aedes aegypti larvae with aedes albopictus parvovirus (aapv), infected males and females adults were tested for their ability to transmit the virus venereally and vertically, respectively. both types of transmission were observed. a low percentage (2.2%) of aapv-free females were found contaminated by the virus after mating with aapv-infected males. although no significant difference was observed in the fecundity of orally infected and virus-free females, 17.1% of ... | 1997 | 9288802 |
| a fitness advantage for aedes aegypti and the viruses it transmits when females feed only on human blood. | literature on arthropod-borne diseases has traditionally supported the notion that mosquito vectors maintain a feeding duality that includes vertebrate blood meals for egg development and sugar meals from plants for the synthesis of flight and survival energy reserves. aedes aegypti was found to deviate from that feeding pattern by obtaining a reproductive advantage when feeding only on human blood. female mosquitoes fed human blood alone had a greater net replacement rate and intrinsic rate of ... | 1997 | 9288822 |
| factors influencing the duration of blood-feeding by laboratory-reared and wild aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from trinidad, west indies. | the time taken by aedes aegypti to take a bloodmeal was determined under laboratory and field conditions in trinidad. eggs from field-collected females were reared under nutrient-limited (low diet) and nutrient-adequate (high diet) conditions. blood-feeding times indicated that 71% of the females from the low-diet group were fast feeders (< 2 min) compared with 40% of the female from the high-diet group. subsequent tests of the f1 and f2 progeny of the fast-feeding females indicated that the fas ... | 1997 | 9307662 |
| activity of dengue-2 virus and prevalence of aedes aegypti in the chirimiri colliery area, madhya pradesh, india. | repeated outbreaks of a suspected viral fever in chirimiri colliery area, madhya pradesh were reported since 1990. the area consists of an agglomeration of sprawling settlements at varying altitudes of 816 to 890 m and it has partial sylvan cover. during a 1992 outbreak 25 patients' sera were tested, of which 13 showed seropositivity to dengue (den) by mac-elisa test; den-2 was isolated from aedes aegypti collected from two of the eight settlements of the area. the principal vector, ae. aegypti, ... | 1997 | 9322295 |
| detection of dengue virus from field aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus adults and larvae. | mosquito adults and larvae were collected from dengue high risk areas and transported to the laboratory for identification. identified mosquitos were pooled according to the species, date and locality and stored at -70 degrees c. a total of 1,385 pools of aedes albopictus and 267 pools of ae. aegypti were collected from major towns in 12 states in peninsular malaysia. virus isolation was carried out using cell culture (c6/36 clone) of ae. albopictus and detection of dengue virus by the peroxidas ... | 1997 | 9322296 |
| does transovarial transmission of dengue virus occur in malaysian aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus? | 1997 | 9322311 | |
| (2,4-cis and trans)-gigantecinone and 4-deoxygigantecin, bioactive nonadjacent bis-tetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins, from goniothalamus giganteus. | two new acetogenins, (2,4-cis and trans)-gigantecinone (1), isolated as a mixture, and 4-deoxygigantecin (2), a known acetogenin whose absolute stereochemistry has not been determined previously, were isolated using activity-directed fractionation, from the bark of goniothalamus giganteus. a key step in solving their absolute stereochemistries was the preparation of 1,4-diol formaldehyde acetal derivatives (1b and 2a). using the advanced mosher ester method and circular dichroism, the absolute s ... | 1997 | 9322367 |
| dengue infection in paracambi, state of rio de janeiro, 1990-1995. | a seroepidemiological survey was carried out during 1994 in the municipality of paracambi, state of rio de janeiro. haemagglutination inhibition test positivity was detected in 145 out of 370 (39.2%) schoolchildren. the frequency of positive test by sex was 53.8% (78/145) female and 46.2% (67/145) male. distribution by age showed the increasing of antibody positivity in older children. strains of dengue virus type 1 and dengue virus type 2 were isolated before (1990) showing the co-circulation o ... | 1997 | 9322424 |
| immune responsiveness in vector insects. | 1997 | 9326575 | |
| midgut-specific immune molecules are produced by the blood-sucking insect stomoxys calcitrans. | we have cloned and sequenced two defensins, smd1 and smd2, from anterior midgut tissue of the blood-sucking fly stomoxys calcitrans. the dna and n-terminal protein sequences suggest both are produced as prepropeptides. smd1 differs from the classic defensin pattern in having an unusual six-amino acid-long n-terminal sequence. both smd1 and smd2 have lower pi points and charge than insect defensins derived from fat body/hemocytes. northern analysis shows both of these defensin molecules are tissu ... | 1997 | 9326639 |
| cloning, expression and toxicity of a mosquitocidal toxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) subsp. medellin (btmed) produces parasporal crystalline inclusions which are toxic to mosquito larvae. it has been shown that the inclusions of this bacterium contain mainly proteins of 94, 68 and 28-30 kda. ecori partially digested total dna of btmed was cloned by using the lambda zap ii cloning kit. recombinant plaques were screened with a mouse polyclonal antibody raised against the 94 kda crystal protein of btmed. one of the positive plaques was selected, and by i ... | 1997 | 9332588 |
| [reflection on 2 current viral diseases: yellow fever and dengue]. | yellow fever and dengue are two current viral diseases induced by flaviviruses and usually transmitted by the same mosquito vector, aedes aegypti. from 1987 to 1991, 18,753 cases of yellow fever, mainly from africa, have been notified to who, leading to 4,522 deaths. on the other hand, who estimates that 2.5 billions individuals living in tropical areas are at risk to contract dengue fevers. in fact, 500,000 patients are hospitalized each year for dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome a ... | 1997 | 9347008 |
| impact of dengue virus infection and its control. | dengue virus infection has been counted among emerging and re-emerging diseases because of (1) the increasing number of patients, (2) the expansion of epidemic areas, and (3) the appearance of severe clinical manifestation of dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf)/dengue shock syndrome (dss), which is often fatal if not properly treated. in the meantime, there are no effective dengue control measures: a dengue vaccine is still under development and vector control does not provide a long-lasting effect. ... | 1997 | 9348165 |
| mosquito clathrin heavy chain: analysis of protein structure and developmental expression in the ovary during vitellogenesis. | we have deduced the amino acid sequences of clathrin heavy chain (chc) polypeptides based on cdna and genomic clones from the mosquito, aedes aegypti. two isoforms which differ in the very beginning of the n-terminal domain, ovary-specific aachca and somatic-specific aachcb, were identified, characterized and compared to one another as well as to chc polypeptides from different species. the 1682 amino acid sequence of the aachca isoform predicts a molecular mass (m[r]) of 191,743 daltons and an ... | 1997 | 9359577 |
| improvement of bacillus sphaericus toxicity against dipteran larvae by integration, via homologous recombination, of the cry11a toxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | integrative plasmids were constructed to enable integration of foreign dna into the chromosome of bacillus sphaericus 2297 by in vivo recombination. integration of the apha3 kanamycin resistance gene by a two-step procedure demonstrated that this strategy was applicable with antibiotic resistance selection. hybridization experiments evidenced two copies of the operon encoding the binary toxin from b. sphaericus in the recipient strain. the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cry11aal gene ... | 1997 | 9361428 |
| chymotrypsin inhibitors in mosquitoes: activity profile during development and after blood feeding. | chymotrypsin and trypsin inhibitors persist throughout all developmental instars of aedes aegypti. after a blood meal, inhibitor activity against chymotrypsin was more than double that of sugar-fed females, but only weak activity was detected in midguts where proteinase inhibitors has been thought to regulate proteinases during blood digestion. a fourfold increase in the ratio of abdominal/thoracic inhibitor activity after the blood meal strongly suggested that fat body, or other abdominal tissu ... | 1997 | 9366013 |
| secretory and internalization pathways of mosquito yolk protein precursors. | the vitellogenic female fat body of the mosquito aedes aegypti produces three yolk protein precursors that are deposited in the yolk bodies of developing oocytes: vitellogenin, vitellogenic carboxypeptidase (vcp), and 44-kda protein (44kp). we have used gold immunocytochemistry to investigate the pathways of their secretion in fat body trophocytes and their internalization by oocytes. in fat body trophocytes, all three yolk protein precursors are co-localized in the golgi complex and secretory g ... | 1997 | 9377633 |
| aedes aegypti in córdoba province, argentina. | in 1955, the area infested by aedes aegypti in argentina was estimated as 1,500,000 km2; and in 1963, the species was considered to be eradicated from argentina. in 1995, the argentine ministry of health reported reinfestation by ae. aegypti. during 1994-95, the ministry of health of córdoba province, zoonosis department, established a surveillance system for ae. aegypti in córdoba province, argentina. this report is a summary of results obtained thus far. in total, 74 localities in córdoba prov ... | 1997 | 9383767 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a novel mosquitocidal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. fukuokaensis. | a novel mosquitocidal protein gene, cry20aa, was cloned from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. fukuokaensis (h-3a: 3d: 3e). the gene product, cry20aa, was naturally truncated and had a molecular mass of 86,138 da. the cry20aa protein possessed five conserved sequence blocks, as do most other insecticidal cry toxins. however, an amino acid comparison of cry20aa with other mosquitocidal toxins, including cry4a, cry4b, cry10a, cry11a, and cry11b, demonstrated that cry20aa was quite different from other ... | 1997 | 9406385 |
| mosquito larvicidal activity of transgenic anabaena strain pcc 7120 expressing combinations of genes from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | various combinations of the genes cryiva (cry4a), cryivd (cry11a), and p20 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were introduced into the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium anabaena sp. strain pcc 7120 by means of escherichia coli-anabaena shuttle vector prl488p and were expressed under control of two tandem strong promoters, a cyanobacterial promoter (ppsba) and an e. coli t7 promoter (pa1). two of the clones carrying cryiva plus cryivd, one with p20 and one without p20, displayed toxicity ... | 1997 | 9406420 |
| [impregnation of uniforms with permethrin as a mean of protection of working personnel exposed to contact with hematophagous arthropods]. | laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of permethrin-impregnated clothing against biting arthropods. military battle dress uniforms were impregnated at a rate of 0.12-0.15 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/cm2. gas chromatographic analysis of cloth patches treated showed that over 50% of the chemical remained after 6 cycles of washing. this amount of a.i. (0.06-0.07 mg/cm2) was effective in providing protection against aedes aegypti and ixodes ricinus. mosquitoes and ticks w ... | 1997 | 9409928 |
| effects of the neem tree compounds azadirachtin, salannin, nimbin, and 6-desacetylnimbin on ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity. | the effects of azadirachtin, salannin, nimbin, and 6-desacetylnimbin on ecdysone 20-monooxygenase (e-20-m) activity were examined in three insect species. homogenates of wandering stage third instar larvae of drosophila melanogaster, or abdomens from adult female aedes aegypti, or fat body or midgut from fifth instar larvae of manduca sexta were incubated with radiolabeled ecdysone and increasing concentrations (from 1 x 10(-8) to 1 x 10(-3) m) of the four compounds isolated from seed kernels of ... | 1997 | 9131784 |
| analysis of the mosquito lysosomal aspartic protease gene: an insect housekeeping gene with fat body-enhanced expression. | in the fat body of insects with cyclic egg maturation, lysosomes play a critical role in the termination of vitellogenesis by selectively degrading the secretory machinery involved in the massive production of yolk protein precursors. to investigate this fat body-specific lysosomal activity in the mosquito, a cathepsin d-like aspartic protease (lap) was previously purified and its cdna cloned. here we report the isolation of the aalap gene from an aedes aegypti genomic library. the transcribed r ... | 1997 | 9134712 |
| characterization of aedes communis, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi mosquito saliva antigens by immunoblotting. | mosquito bites cause immediate wheals and delayed bite papules in sensitized subjects having saliva-specific ige and igg4 antibodies. at present, mosquito saliva antigens are not well characterized. | 1997 | 9030098 |
| influence of plant abundance on nectar feeding by aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in southern mexico. | the availability of flowering plants affected the sugar feeding rates of female aedes aegypti (l.) in 4 areas of a small city in southern mexico. the proportion of mosquitoes containing sugar varied from 8 to 21% in 4 areas in direct relation to blooming plant abundance. human density was similar in the 4 areas (range, 3.9-5.4 per house), whereas the number of flowering plants per house increased on the outskirts (range, 3.1-5.4 plants per house). equal proportions of sugar positive females were ... | 1997 | 9439110 |
| evaluation of commercial insect repellents on human skin against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | an olfactometer was used to evaluate the efficacy of selected commercial insect repellent products against aedes aegypti (l.). a comparison of 12 commercial repellent products was made on human skin. the products tested included 2 natural oil insect repellent formulations (buzz away and green ban) containing plant extracts, 2 proprietary products (skin-so-soft lotion and bath oil), and 8 commercial deet preparations in various concentrations and forms of spray, aerosol, stick, cream, and lotion. ... | 1997 | 9439116 |
| evidence for two distinct members of the amylase gene family in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | genomic dna fragments encoding a salivary gland-specific alpha-amylase gene, amylase i (amy i), and an additional amylase, amylase ii (amyii) of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, were isolated and characterized. two independently isolated dna fragments, g34-f and g34-14a, encode polymorphic alleles of amy i. a 3.2 kilobase (kb) ecor i fragment of g34-f, f2, has been sequenced in its entirety and contains 832 base pairs (bp) of the 5'-end, non-coding and putative promoter regions that are ... | 1997 | 9443377 |
| chikungunya in thailand: a re-emerging disease? | the first reported case of chikungunya virus diagnosed by serology in thailand was in 1960 and the last one was in 1991. the disease surveillance system does not specifically include chikungunya cases and the signs and symptoms are similar to these of dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever (df/dhf), rubella, and fever of unknown origin (fuo); thus cases might often be reported under those diagnoses. during the rainy season of 1995 (jun-aug), there were at least 2 reported chikungunya outbreaks wh ... | 1997 | 9444021 |
| virulence, parasite mode of transmission, and host fluctuating asymmetry. | horizontally transmitted parasites are broadly predicted to be more virulent, or costly to host fitness, than those with vertical transmission. this is mainly because vertical transmission, from host parent to offspring, explicitly links the reproductive interests of both parties. underlying this prediction is a general assumption that parasite transmission success is positively correlated with its virulence. we report results where infection of larval yellow fever mosquitoes aedes aegypti with ... | 1997 | 9061958 |
| the putative cell cycle gene, enhancer of rudimentary, encodes a highly conserved protein found in plants and animals. | the enhancer of rudimentary gene, e(r), in drosophila melanogaster encodes a protein, er, whose function has been implicated in pyrimidine biosynthesis and the cell cycle (wojcik et al. (1994) genetics 138, 1163-1170). in order to identify conserved regions of the protein and potentially important functional domains, the e(r) gene was cloned and sequenced from two other insects (drosophila virilis and aedes aegypti) and three vertebrates (homo sapiens, mus musculus, and brachydanio rerio) and se ... | 1997 | 9074495 |
| pupal survey: an epidemiologically significant surveillance method for aedes aegypti: an example using data from trinidad. | this report documents the results of a country-wide pupal survey of aedes aegypti (l.) conducted in trinidad. the survey was designed to identify the important ae. aegypti-producing containers, importance being a function of a container's abundance and its productivity. results are summarized on a country-wide basis and by county: urban versus rural comparisons are also made. numerically, the most common water-filled containers positive for the larvae or pupae of ae. aegypti (foci) were outdoor ... | 1997 | 9080874 |
| parasites of the asian tiger mosquito and other container-inhabiting mosquitoes (diptera:culicidae) in northcentral florida. | seven microorganisms including 4 protozoans, 2 fungi, and a bacterium infected aedes albopictus (skuse) larvae collected from 12 counties in northecentral florida. ae albopictus and 14 other species of mosquitoes were collected from tires, flower-holding vases in cemeteries, other types of artificial containers, and treeholes. ascogregarina taiwanensis (lien & levine) was the most common parasite of ae. albopictus throughout the year. the microsporidium vavraia culicis (weiser) infected aedes ae ... | 1997 | 9103767 |
| 4-deoxyannomontacin and (2,4-cis and trans)-annomontacinone, new bioactive mono-tetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins from goniothalamus giganteus. | 4-deoxyannomontacin (1) and a mixture of (2,4-cis and trans)-annomontacinone (2), new bioactive mono-tetrahydrofuran (thf) gamma-lactone and keto-lactone acetogenins, respectively, as well as five known mono-thf acetogenins [xylomaticin, longifolicin, longicoricin, (2,4-cis and trans)-gigantetrocinone, and (2,4-cis and trans)-gigantetroneninone], were isolated from the bark of goniothalamus giganteus (annonaceae) by activity-directed fractionation using the brine shrimp lethality test (bst). the ... | 1997 | 9113333 |