Publications

effect of sublethal dosages of insecticides on chikungunya virus susceptible and refractory strains of aedes aegypti.	three strains of aedes aegypti mosquitos viz (i) crs, refractory to chikungunya (chik) virus by oral route of infection but susceptible to ddt (2) css, susceptible to chik virus and also susceptible to ddt (3) css-ddtr, susceptible to chik virus but resistant to ddt, were examined for the effect of sublethal dosages of ddt and deltamethrin on their fecundity. biochemical analysis showed that there was an increase in glutathione s-transferase activity in the css-ddtr strain which was associated w ...	1994	7777922
breeding of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) in urban housing of sibu town, sarawak.	an aedes survey using various larval survey methods was conducted in 12 urban housing areas and 29 vacant lands in sibu town proper. aedes albopictus larvae were found in all areas surveyed while aedes aegypti larvae were present in 10 localities and 4 vacant lands. there were no significant difference in the house index, breteau and larval density index of these two aedes (stegomyia) species from the survey areas. the proportion of containers positive with ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus in area ...	1994	7777923
evaluation of the laboratory mouse model for screening topical mosquito repellents.	eight commercial repellents were tested against aedes aegypti 0 and 4 h after application in serial dilution to volunteers and laboratory mice. results were analyzed by multiple regression of percentage of biting (probit scale) on dose (logarithmic scale) and time. empirical correction terms for conversion of values obtained in tests on mice to values expected in tests on human volunteers were calculated from data obtained on 4 repellents and evaluated with data obtained on 4 others. corrected v ...	1994	7707065
aedes albopictus in muzquiz city, coahuila, mexico.	aedes albopictus was found in m. muzquiz, coahuila, mexico, in the summer of 1993. aedes albopictus larvae were collected in tires and bottles at low density. aedes aegypti, toxorhynchites theobaldi, culex quinquefasciatus, and culiseta incidens were collected in the same containers.	1994	7707068
population interaction of toxorhynchites splendens and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in the laboratory.	population interaction of toxorhynchites splendens and aedes aegypti in relation to the complexity of the breeding habitats and their initial number was studied in the laboratory. the predator and the prey were introduced in different ratios in the colony cages (1 m3) with different oviposition structures. predator-prey interaction lasted for 5-9 weeks without structural complexity of the oviposition containers. when there was a structural complexity, their interaction lasted for 18 weeks. durin ...	1994	7667726
larvicidal potential of five philippine plants against aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and culex quinquefasciatus (say).	five species of philippine plants, reported in the literature to have insecticidal properties, were selected for investigation, namely: anona squamosa ("atis" or sugar apple), eucalyptus globulus ("bagras" or olive gum eucalyptus), lansium domesticum ("lansones"), azadirachta indica ("neem") and codiaeum variegatum ("san francisco" or croton). these were screened and assayed for their larvicidal potential against aedes aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and culex quinquefasciatus (say) by exposing 3rd-4th ...	1994	7667727
dietary control of late trypsin gene transcription in aedes aegypti.	in aedes aegypti the levels of midgut trypsin activity after feeding are directly proportional to the protein concentration in the meal. the mechanisms of this up-regulatory event were investigated by analyzing the expression of the late trypsin gene under different dietary conditions. transcription of the gene was dependent on both the quality and quantity of protein in the meal. as measured by northern blot analysis, the levels of late trypsin gene expression increased up to 100-fold 24 h afte ...	1994	7519098
education and employment of medical entomologists in aedes aegypti control programmes.	most dengue/dhf endemic countries have facilities for the training of entomologists. however, experience has shown that many of the graduates of such courses remain in the area of research and relatively few are employed in aedes aegypti vector-control programmes. few university courses in medical entomology provide specific training in vector control including such subjects as the organization and administration of vector control programmes and vector-control methods; chemical, biological and e ...	1994	7844845
egg chorion tanning in aedes aegypti mosquito.	the biochemical pathway of egg chorion tanning in the mosquito, aedes aegypti, is described and compared with chorion protein crosslinking in drosophila and silkmoths and the biochemical pathways of cuticular tanning in insects. phenol oxidase, dopa decarboxylase and tyrosine are critical components involved in egg chorion tanning in a. aegypti. tanning of the mosquito egg chorion is initiated following activation of phenol oxidase, which then catalyzes the hydroxylation of tyrosine to dopa and ...	1994	7828027
dopachrome conversion activity in aedes aegypti: significance during melanotic encapsulation of parasites and cuticular tanning.	phenol oxidase (po) and dopachrome conversion enzyme (dce) were partially purified from aedes aegypti larvae by ammonium sulfate fractionation. po from a. aegypti functions in the hydroxylation of monophenols (e.g., tyrosine and tyramine) to their related o-diphenols, and the oxidation of o-diphenols (e.g., l-dopa, dopamine, n-acetyldopamine) to their respective o-quinones. partially purified dce showed high specificity toward dopachrome generated from dopa with the l-configuration. the combined ...	1994	7703986
time to death from starvation and compulsive killing by the larvae of toxorhynchites splendens (diptera: culicidae).	time to death from starvation and compulsive killing without eating of the prey by larvae of toxorhynchites splendens were studied in the laboratory. the first and second instars survived without food for 3 days while third and fourth instars survived for 7.8 and 14 days, respectively. when the corresponding instars of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi or culex quinquefasciatus were offered, the number of prey killed but not eaten ranged from 0 to 15 per 40 prey larvae. compulsive killing of ae ...	1994	7887340
toxicity of extracts from three tagetes against adults and larvae of yellow fever mosquito and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae).	whole-plant soxhlet extractions for the three tagetes species showed that t. minuta had the greatest biocidal effect on the larvae and adults of aedes aegypti (l.) and anopheles stephensi liston. bioassays of simultaneous steam distillation extractions of the various parts of t. minuta found extracts from the flowers provided ld90s of 4 and 8 ppm against the larvae and 0.4 and 0.45% against the adults of a. aegypti and a. stephensi, respectively. further research on t. minuta floral extracts as ...	1994	7815394
the effect of neemazal on aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	the effect of neemazal (trifolio-m gmbh, lahnau), a neem seed kernel extract, on larvae of aedes aegypti was tested. second, third and fourth instar larvae were reared in water containing different concentrations of neemazal. mortality rates and the stage in which mortality occurred were recorded. the surviving larvae were left in the treated water until adult emergence and the number of eggs laid by the emerged females was recorded in order to evaluate possible fecundity-reducing effect of subl ...	1994	7812312
aquatic safety of lagenidium giganteum: effects on freshwater fish and invertebrates.	eleven freshwater species were exposed to a zoosporeproducing fungus, lagenidium giganteum, with the goal of determining species sensitivity with standard and new test procedures. the tests included standard, 4-day acute exposures of cladocerans (ceriodaphnia dubia, daphnia pulex, and d. magna) and the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas). standard 7-day chronic exposures of c. dubia and a 7-day embryo-larval exposure of p. promelas were also conducted. new, 4-day acute, methods were developed f ...	1994	7806894
functional expression of insecticide-resistant gaba receptors from the mosquito aedes aegypti.	we are interested in cloning insecticide resistance genes from vector mosquitos for use as selectable markers in their genetic transformation. as a first step towards this goal, we here report the functional homomultimeric expression of a gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor subunit gene, resistance to dieldrin (rdl), from the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti in baculovirus-infected insect cell lines. replacement of alanine296 with a serine leads to approximately 100-fold insensitivity to ...	1994	7704314
toxicity of the blue-green alga oscillatoria agardhii to the mosquito aedes aegypti and the shrimp artemia salina.	the cyanobacterium oscillatoria agardhii 27, which does not produce mammalian neuro- or hepatotoxins, was highly toxic to the larval stages of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti: its 24-h lc50 values against fourth-and second-instar larvae of a. aegypti were 8.7 and 6.1 μg live cells/ml, respectively. the toxin was water-soluble and was partially purified but the chemical nature of the toxic compound(s) is still unknown. aqueous solutions were also toxic to the newborn larvae of the brine s ...	1994	24421123
measurement of flight tone differences between female aedes aegypti and a. albopictus (diptera: culicidae).	mosquito flight tone was amplified and digitally sampled at 20,000 samples per second (hz). resampling of the resulting sound files at 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 hz allowed comparison of flight tone frequency distributions for males and females of aedes aegypti (l.) and a. albopictus (skuse). frequency distributions for females of the two species did not overlap at sampling rates of 5,000 hz or higher, whereas considerable overlap was observed at the 1,000 hz sampling rate. males of the two specie ...	1994	7966173
comparative repellent properties of certain chemicals against mosquitoes, house flies and cockroaches using modified techniques.	several terpenoids were assessed for their repellent/toxic properties against mosquitoes (aedes aegypti), house flies (musca domestica) and cockroaches (periplaneta americana). impregnated wide mesh netting was used in the case of the dipterans, while treated filtered paper was employed for the bioassays with cockroaches. persistence of the repellent chemicals was studied. doses ranged from 5-20 gm/m2 for the dipterans and 25-100 mg per 4 x 4 cm filter paper for the cockroaches. dimethyl phthala ...	1994	7868839
a device for monitoring and control of mosquitoes by behaviour manipulation.	a trap was designed and fabricated for capturing mosquito larvae based on their behavioural responses to food and light. the larvae upon entering the trap died ultimately due to asphyxiation. maximum success was achieved with aedes aegypti larvae in lesser water volumes. the usefulness of the device for studying the response of mosquito larvae and aquatic organisms to chemicals, baits, light, various stimuli and possible pest/vector monitoring and management in aquatic eco-system is discussed.	1994	7814048
aedes albopictus distribution, abundance, and colonization in lee county, florida, and its effect on aedes aegypti.	in 1992 the known southern limit of aedes albopictus in florida was in lee county. through oviposition surveillance, the distribution of ae. albopictus was determined, and its frequency relative to aedes aegypti and colonization pattern of areas previously occupied by ae. aegypti were examined in lee county. the data collected in the first year of surveillance demonstrate the ability of ae. albopictus to rapidly and preferentially colonize large expanses of rural southwest florida. urban and sub ...	1994	7807083
quantitative sampling of immature aedes aegypti in metal drums using sweep net and dipping methods.	the behavior of aquatic stages of aedes aegypti was evaluated in 200-liter metal drums to develop improved surveillance. when known numbers of larvae recovered with a rectangular net and with a standard dipper were compared, all stages except 1st instar were most numerous in the top 1/3 of the drum. water temperature was the only significant variable affecting the vertical distribution of 4th-instar larvae; light intensity and ph were nonsignificant factors. rust in the water was also thought to ...	1994	7807082
utilization of bloodfed females of aedes aegypti as a vehicle for the transfer of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen to larval habitats.	bloodfed female aedes aegypti were exposed to a surface treated with pyriproxyfen at 1.0 g m2 for 30 min and then allowed to lay eggs in cups of water containing 4th-instar larvae. adult emergence from the immatures was highly inhibited, and transmission of pyriproxyfen from the females to the water was revealed. the transfer of the chemical to the water decreased with time before the blood meal. chemical analysis for pyriproxyfen on the exoskeleton of treated females demonstrated the rapid disa ...	1994	7807075
identification of damaged adult female specimens of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti in the new world.	two introduced species of aedes (stegomyia), aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti, occur in the new world. three characters, easily and simultaneously observed from an anteroventral view, allow for rapid and reliable specific identification of most specimens that lack the characteristic scutal scale patterns. these 3 characters are the presence or absence of pale scales on the clypeus; the presence or absence of a narrow, median line of pale scales on the anterior face of the midfemora; and the pa ...	1994	7528784
culekinin depolarizing peptide: a mosquito leucokinin-like peptide that influences insect malpighian tubule ion transport.	a peptide termed culekinin depolarizing peptide (cdp) was isolated from approximately 1.2 million mosquitos (94% culex salinarius). the peptide was isolated on the basis of a rapid myotropic assay that utilized a hindgut preparation from leucophaea maderae and a transepithelial voltage assay that used mosquito malpighian tubules from aedes aegypti. a 15% trifluoroacetic acid extraction from the mosquitos, two solid phase extraction steps, and six hplc steps resulted in the isolation of 9.7 nmol ...	1994	7800855
isolation and identification of three leucokinins from the mosquito aedes aegypti.	three leucokinins were isolated from the mosquito aedes aegypti. the amino acid sequences of the aedes leukokinins 1, 2 and 3 have been determined to be asn-ser-lys-tyr-val-ser-lys-gln-lys-phe-tyr-ser-trp-gly-amide, asn-pro-phe-his-ala-trp-gly-amide and asn-asn-pro-asn-val-phe-tyr-pro-trp-gly-amide, respectively.	1994	8048942
endogenous regulation of the attraction of aedes aegypti mosquitoes.	even when host attractants are present, there are times when endogenous physiological mechanisms prevent female mosquitoes from responding to them and engaging in host-seeking behavior. these times include a brief postemergence period, periods of the day determined by a circadian clock, and following a blood meal before and after eggs develop, which are controlled by nervous and humoral mechanisms. other factors such as age, nutrition, and mating status can further modulate host-seeking behavior ...	1994	8965086
sensory bases of attractancy: morphology of mosquito olfactory sensilla-- a review.	the internal and external ultrastructure of virtually all of the olfactory sensilla of the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi have been described. many other mosquitoes have had their olfactory complements partially described. this review summarizes ultrastructural features and suspected biological roles of the small sensilla coeloconica, large sensilla coeloconica, sensilla ampullaceae, grooved pegs and sensilla trichodea of mosquito antennae, and the capitate pegs of mosquito pal ...	1994	8965084
aedes aegypti lipophorin.	the purified lipophorin of aedes aegypti (diptera) is composed of two apolipoproteins: apolipophorin i (m(r)=224,000) and apolipophorin ii (m(r)=73,000). the density of lipophorin is constant during the aedes life-cycle and equal to 1.11 +/- 0.01 g/ml. the amount of lipophorin per animal, during the gonotrophic cycles, increases until 48 hr after blood-feeding and then decreases until there is a new blood intake. the density values and quantification of lipophorin during aedes aegypti gonotrophi ...	1994	11570397
de novo biosynthesis of juvenile hormone iii and i by the accessory glands of the male mosquito.	the role of the male accessory glands (mag) in reproduction was investigated in the mosquito aedes aegypti. mag incubated with [14c]acetate synthesized radioactively labeled jh iii, jh iii bisepoxide and methyl farnesoate. mag incubated with l-[methyl-3h]methionine synthesized [3h]jh iii and a molecule that chromatographed on hplc with jh i. analysis of mag and whole males extract by glass capillary combined gas-chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry identified jh iii and i as ...	1994	8205141
triglyceride-rich lipophorin in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	a lipoprotein was isolated from aedes aegypti (l.) larvae. this lipoprotein resembled the typical lipoprotein responsible for lipid transport in insect hemolymph, also called lipophorin. the mosquito lipophorin had a hydrated density of 1.113 g/ml and contained 49% lipid and 3.2% carbohydrate. in contrast to all other insect species studied thus far, the major lipid component of the mosquito lipophorin was triacylglycerol. the native lipophorin had an apparent molecular weight of 480 kd and cont ...	1994	8057318
analysis of mosquito vitellogenin cdna. similarity with vertebrate phosvitins and arthropod serum proteins.	the cdna coding for vitellogenin of the mosquito aedes aegypti was cloned and sequenced. an immunological analysis of expressed deletions from the 5'-end of the vitellogenin cdna clones using vitellogenin subunit-specific antibodies showed that the small vitellogenin subunit is located at the n terminus and the large one at the carboxy-portion of the pre-provitellogenin. the position of the cleavage between the vitellogenin subunits in the pre-provitellogenin was identified by locating the n ter ...	1994	8158643
a comparative study of leucokinin-immunoreactive neurons in insects.	antisera were raised against leucokinin iv, a member of the leucokinin peptide family. immunohistochemical localization of leucokinin immunoreactivity in the brain of the cockroach nauphoeta cinerea revealed neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis and pars lateralis, several bilateral pairs of interneurons in the protocerebrum, and a group of interneurons in the optic lobe. several immunoreactive interneurons were found in the thoracic ganglia, while the abdominal ganglia contained prom ...	1994	7910521
cold acclimation, diapause, and geographic origin affect cold hardiness in eggs of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae).	eggs of five strains of aedes albopictus (skuse) were obtained in both diapause and nondiapause conditions and exposed to various cold acclimation regimes in the laboratory, after which they were subjected to diverse chilling treatments. larvae that survived chilling as eggs survived to the pupal stage. eggs of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes triseriatus (say) were included as control species. eggs of temperate ae. albopictus were more cold-hardy than eggs of ae. aegypti but less cold-hardy than th ...	1994	8189409
mosquito repellency & toxicity of isomeric n, n-diethyltolylacetamides.	three isomers of n, n-diethyltolylacetamides were synthesized and evaluated against aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus for repellency and with mice for ld50, as an indicator of mammalian toxicity. of these, n, n-diethyl-p-tolylacetamide (depta) showed comparatively better repellency against c. quinquefasciatus. all the compounds showed higher repellency against c. quinquefasciatus than ae. aegypti. in addition, n, n-diethyl-m-tolylacetamide (demta) was found to be least toxic to mice.	1994	8063347
effect of ambrosia maritima on anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti.	the toxicity of the molluscicidal plant ambrosia maritima l. was evaluated against anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. in the larvicidal assays a negligible mortality was observed in both species after application of the dried leaves in the water at concentrations up to 2000 mg/l. when the powdered leaves were applied at the surface of the water, however, up to 38% of the larvae of a. stephensi were killed at 2000 mg/l. virtually no inhibitory effect on the larval growth of both species was n ...	1994	8046947
studies on the inheritance of repellent tolerances in aedes aegypti.	two laboratory strains and 6 inbred strains of aedes aegypti were tested against deet, ethyl hexanediol, dimethyl phthalate, and indalone. reciprocal crosses and backcrosses of 2 inbred strains were tested against deet only. results obtained were compatible with a quantitative genetic model in which the effects of the factors involved were multiplicative. certain inbred strains differed significantly from cognate laboratory and/or inbred strains in tolerance to one or more test materials. herita ...	1994	8014634
reproductive isolation between florida strains of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.	the dynamics of heterospecific and conspecific mating between florida strains of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus was examined. in nonchoice experiments where conspecific males were not available, dissection of the spermathecae showed that heterospecific insemination was an infrequent event for both species combinations (10.6% for ae. albopictus with ae. aegypti males, 3.6% for the reciprocal cross). few eggs were produced from heterospecific crosses and all were nonviable. frequency of hetero ...	1994	8014633
comparison of bi-directional fay, omni-directional, cdc, and duplex cone traps for sampling adult aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti in north florida.	we compared the number of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti females collected in cdc, duplex cone, bi-directional fay, and new omni-directional traps in a series of trials in northern florida during 1992 and 1993. bi-directional fay and omni-directional traps collected significantly more ae. albopictus females than did the other traps tested. the bi-directional fay trap collected significantly more ae. aegypti females than did any other trap. the results of these studies indicate that these tra ...	1994	8014632
toxicity of newly synthesized pyrethroids against the yellow fever mosquito larvae, aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	synthesis of p-substituted benzyl esters of (+/-) cis 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropane-carboxylic acid has been reported. (+/-) cis dichlorovinyl acid esters of p-substituted phenols acquired insecticidal activity after introduction of methylene group. the insecticidal activity shown against mosquito larvae a. aegypti by compounds having electron withdrawing groups such as -no2, -cn was substantially higher than that of the compounds having electron-donating groups such as -ch3, -o ...	1994	8045613
polymerase chain reaction diagnostic for cyclodiene insecticide resistance in the mosquito aedes aegypti.		1994	8161855
meiosis and chromosomal effects of thio-tepa in the ovarian cells of aedes aegypti.	the development of meiosis during oogenesis in the normal, and 0.1% thio-tepa (triethylene thiophosphoramide) fed female of aedes aegypti was studied. chromosome preparations were made from adults 24 h after a blood meal. the frequency of various kinds of chromosomal abnormalities was analysed.	1994	8001399
studies on bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from swedish soils: insect toxicity and production of b. cereus-diarrhoeal-type enterotoxin.	at moderate concentration, 23 of 40 strains of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from sweden were toxic to trichoplusia ni and five were toxic to aedes aegypti. five of the strains were toxic to diabrotica undecimpunctata at high concentration, two were toxic to heliothis virescens at low concentration and five produced thuringiensin (formerly called β-exotoxin). no strain was toxic towards the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua at low concentration. twenty-three of the strains produced a b. cereus-d ...	1994	24421086
an efficient and easy method of infection of mosquito larvae from virus-contaminated cell cultures.	a new method for efficient infection of aedes aegypti larvae by the aedes albopictus densovirus, aapv is described. it consists of placing first or third instar larvae in culture flasks containing a chronically infected mosquito cell line. after 24 or 48 h of exposure to the contaminated culture, the larvae acquired the virus by feeding on infected cells. using this technique, up to 95% of first instar ae. aegypti larvae were found infected by the aapv.	1994	7822456
seasonality, prevalence and pathogenicity of the gregarine ascogregarina taiwanensis (apicomplexa: lecudinidae) in mosquitoes from florida.	aedes albopictus larvae collected in gainesville, fl, were infected with the gregarine ascogregarina taiwanensis. natural prevalence varied from 68 to 100%. eight mosquito species were tested in the laboratory for susceptibility to a. taiwanensis isolated from field-collected ae. albopictus. aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and aedes taeniorhynchus became 100% infected in the larval stage, whereas aedes triseriatus was less susceptible; culex quinquefasciatus, culex nigripalpus, culex territans, ...	1994	7807086
unique specificity of in vitro inhibition of mosquito midgut trypsin-like activity correlates with in vivo inhibition of malaria parasite infectivity.	synchrony in the egress of plasmodium ookinetes from the food bolus and enzymatic digestion of the blood meal in the mosquito midgut suggests that digestive enzymes play a role in the successful transmission of malaria parasites. previously, we found that parasite-produced chitinase is essential for parasite transmission and can be activated by mosquito midgut protease. to determine the suitability of developing a transmission-blocking vaccine directed against mosquito trypsin-like enzyme(s), ae ...	1995	7534722
hemocyte alterations during melanotic encapsulation of brugia malayi in the mosquito armigeres subalbatus.	the involvement of hemocytes in melanotic encapsulation reactions against brugia malayi was assessed in armigeres subalbatus. hemocyte populations, epitope changes, phenol oxidase (po) activity, and the presence of an 84-kda polypeptide were investigated in mosquitoes exposed to a b. malayi-infective bloodmeal (= immune-activated), in mosquitoes given a noninfective bloodmeal (= controls), in nonbloodfed mosquitoes (= naive), or in some combination of these. total hemocyte populations in immune- ...	1995	7535848
analysis of a vitellogenin gene of the mosquito, aedes aegypti and comparisons to vitellogenins from other organisms.	a genomic clone of the aedes aegypti vitellogenin a1 gene was sequenced including 2015 bp of 5' untranscribed sequence, 6369 bp of open reading frame interrupted by two introns, and a short 3' untranslated region. primer extension was used to identify the transcription initiation site. the amino termini of the large and small subunits were located by n-terminal sequencing of vitellin purified from eggs. the length of the signal sequence and the position of the cleavage site between the two subun ...	1995	7550249
mosquito sensitivity to a scorpion neurotoxin expressed using an infectious sindbis virus vector.	the scorpion, androctonus australis hector, produces an insect-specific toxin (aahit) encoded by the scotox gene. to assess the toxicity of aahit for mosquitoes, we have taken a novel approach to express the scotox gene in vivo. we have engineered a double subgenomic sindbis (dssin) virus that contains the scotox gene in the viral genome and intrathoracically inoculated the virus (te/3'2j/scotox) into mosquitoes (aedes aegypti, ae. triseriatus and culex pipiens), houseflies (musca domestica) and ...	1995	7551198
venezuelan equine encephalitis--colombia, 1995.	an outbreak of venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) that began in northwestern venezuela in april 1995 has spread westward to the guajira peninsula and to colombia (figure 1), resulting in an estimated minimum of 13,000 cases in humans and an undetermined number of equine deaths. governments of both countries have initiated efforts to control the spread of this outbreak by quarantining and vaccinating equines and applying insecticides. this report summarizes the ongoing investigation of the outb ...	1995	7565549
full sequence and characterization of two insect defensins: immune peptides from the mosquito aedes aegypti.	we report the complete amino acid sequence and biological activity of two immune peptides, from the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti, that are induced in response to infection. both peptides display biological activity against the gram positive microbe micrococcus luteus and substantial sequence homology to insect defensins, small heat-stable, antibiotic peptides previously described from several non-vector insects. these mosquito peptides, designated ae. aegypti defensins a and b, are isofor ...	1995	7568275
aminopropeptide of human procollagen type i: a marker for the identification of blood from children in the mosquito blood meal.	a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to distinguish between blood from children and adults in the mosquito blood meal was examined using the alpha 1 chain of the aminopropeptide of human procollagen type i (pinp) as antigenic marker. rabbit anti-human pinp (alpha 1) antibody was used as catching antibody, and either normal serum from 288 african and 58 caucasian children and adults, or blood meals from 93 fed aedes aegypti, were examined. pinp in excess of 40 optical density units ...	1995	7570897
post-inoculation changes in enzyme activity of aedes aegypti infected with chikungunya virus.	levels of acetylcholinesterase, non-specific esterases, glutathione-s-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes inoculated intrathoracally with chikungunya virus were elevated, as compared to uninoculated control insects. a number of these enzymes are important in the insects defence mechanism against xenobiotics, such as pesticides. malathion bioassays indicated a reduction in the susceptibility of experimentally injected insects with virus or virus-free ...	1995	7572467
laboratory evaluation of a new repellent camouflage face paint.	a combined formulation of the u.s. army's camouflage face paints and the new extended duration topical insect/arthropod repellent was tested on human volunteers to determine repellency and duration of protection (2-12 h) against aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi. under laboratory conditions (27 degrees c and 80% rh), the face paint/repellent formulation provided > or = 95% repellency or better for up to 6 h for ae. aegypti and 8 h for an. stephensi. an analysis of variance showed no signific ...	1995	7595441
impact of deltamethrin-impregnated bednets on biting rates of mosquitoes in zaire.	in a rural area of zaire, the whole population of a village was protected by deltamethrin-impregnated mosquitoes bednets. a similar village was observed as a control. biting rates for mosquitoes were recorded in both villages. the principal man-biting species were mansonia africana, mansonia uniformis, and aedes aegypti. in the village protected by the impregnated mosquito bednets, the number of mansonia bites was reduced 96% indoors and at a lesser rate outdoors. biting rates of ae. aegypti dro ...	1995	7595444
aedes albopictus and other aedes (stegomyia) species in fiji.	during an assessment of the dengue situation in fiji in early 1992, a house-to-house survey of container-breeding aedes was made. discarded tires and water drums were identified as key breeding sites for the 4 potential dengue vectors: aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, aedes pseudoscutellaris, and aedes polynesiensis. aedes albopictus were detected on viti levu, vanua levu, and on taveuni. examination of early records and of used tire importation suggests entry into fiji after july 1985 but well ...	1995	7595450
risk factors for dengue infection during an outbreak in yanes, puerto rico in 1991.	in november 1991, during a five-month dengue outbreak, we performed epidemiologic and serologic surveys linked to an earlier entomologic study in a community of 425 houses in yanes (florida), puerto rico. we obtained a household response rate of 95% (98 of 103) and blood samples from 84% (345 of 410) of the participants. dengue incidence, as volunteered by the respondents, was 5% (21 of 410), but serologic diagnosis (immunoglobulin m and igg-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays [elisa]) indicated ...	1995	7611553
dna sequence and site of mutation of the gaba receptor of cyclodiene-resistant red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum.	using polymerase chain reactions (pcr) on cdna, the dna sequence of a membrane spanning region of a gaba receptor of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum was identified. the deduced amino acid sequence indicates that its basic structure is similar to the gaba receptor of rdl type subunits of drosophila melanogaster and of blattella germanica. particularly conserved are m1, m2 and m3 segments. within this 146 amino acid stretch, the gaba receptor from the red flour beetle differed from corre ...	1995	7613764
insect repellent formulations of n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) in a liposphere system: efficacy and skin uptake.	novel formulations for a deet in liposphere microdispersion in the form of lotion were prepared from natural solid triglycerides and phospholipids dispersed in buffer solution. the formulations containing 6.5, 10, and 20% deet were effective as a repellent against the common aggressive biting mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi, for up to 6 h. the acute dermal absorption of the 10% loaded formulation was conducted in rabbits using 14c-labeled deet. 14c-labeled deet, 10% in alcohol ...	1995	7616186
an immunological factor that affects anopheles gambiae survival.	high titers of antibodies against anopheles gambiae midguts were produced in new zealand rabbits to identify midgut targets for an antimosquito vaccine. the serum from one of 8 rabbits (designated r2b6) killed 71.6% (abbott's adjusted % mortality) of an. gambiae within 7 days. mosquitoes ingesting r2b6 serum were unable to absorb their blood meal nutrients, resulting in reduced oviposition and egg hatching rates. anopheles stephensi and anopheles arabiensis were also killed when ingesting r2b6 s ...	1995	7616189
field evaluation of alphacypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in malaysia.	alphacypermethrin (fendona) and lambda-cyhalothrin (icon) were evaluated against sentinel bloodfed adults and 4th-instar larvae of aedes aegypti in a housing estate in malaysia. the impact of both pyrethroids on field populations of ae. aegypti and aedes albopictus were monitored weekly using oviposition trap samples. both alphacypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin showed adulticidal and larvicidal effects.	1995	7616191
mosquito vitellogenin receptor: purification, developmental and biochemical characterization.	vitellogenin receptors (vgrs) play a critical role in egg development of oviparous animals by mediating endocytosis of the major yolk protein precursor, vitellogenin. a modification of the method for extracting the mosquito (aedes aegypti) vgr from ovary membranes resulted in an 11-fold higher yield and 56-fold increase in relative purity of the vgr, in turn permitting purification, antibody production, and microsequencing. a kd of 15 nm was estimated from binding assays for the enriched vgr, in ...	1995	7633468
insect immunity: isolation of three novel inducible antibacterial defensins from the vector mosquito, aedes aegypti.	the injection of escherichia coli and micrococcus luteus into the hemocoel of aedes aegypti induces a potent antibacterial activity in the hemolymph. we have purified and fully characterized three 40-residue antibacterial peptides from the hemolymph of bacteria-challenged mosquitoes that are absent in naive mosquitoes. the peptides are potently active against gram-positive bacteria and against one of the gram-negative bacteria that were tested. the amino acid sequences clearly show that the thre ...	1995	7633471
dengue in french guiana, 1965-1993.	while it seems likely that dengue fever (df) has existed in french guiana for at least one century, data on outbreaks are sketchy before temporary eradication of the dengue vector mosquito aedes aegypti and its reestablishment in the early 1960s. dengue cases were serologically confirmed for the first time in 1965, and since then dengue epidemics have occurred at two to six year intervals, the most important occurring in 1968-1969, 1970, 1972, 1976, 1982, 1986, and 1992. three of the four dengue ...	1995	7640693
age and body size effects on blood meal size and multiple blood feeding by aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	ten-day-old, parous aedes aegypti (l.) had a higher threshold of blood meal size for the inhibition of continued host-seeking than did 5 d-old, nulliparous females of the same size. older females of a smaller-bodied cohort had a higher threshold of blood meal size for the initiation of egg development than did younger females. in contrast, older larger-sized females had a lower blood meal-size threshold for egg development. the blood of paired avian hosts was marked with rubidium and cesium to s ...	1995	7650708
edhazardia aedis (microspora: culicosporidae) effects on the reproductive capacity of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	the influence of the microsporidium edhazardia aedis (kudo) on the survival and reproduction of its mosquito host, aedes aegypti (l.), was studied in the laboratory. survival, fecundity, egg hatch, and percentage of emergence for 4 gonotrophic cycles were compared for control and infected mosquitoes. control females oviposited an average of 123.1 eggs over 4 gonotrophic cycles, 86.1% of which hatched, whereas infected females laid an average of 38.0 eggs with a 69.3% hatch. emergence in progeny ...	1995	7650718
effects of two insect growth regulators on ecdysteroid production in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	diflubenzuron and oms 2017 are insect growth regulators that affect larval to adult development in aedes aegypti (l.) by altering ecdysis. when larvae were exposed to sublethal concentrations, surviving adults express reduced reproductive potential. in mosquitoes, ecdysteroids are important in larval and adult ovarian development. we applied 30% emergence reduction concentrations (ei30) of oms 2017 and diflubenzuron to 4th-instar ae. aegypti to determine if changes in ecdysteroid production may ...	1995	7473612
feeding the mosquito aedes aegypti with tmof and its analogs; effect on trypsin biosynthesis and egg development.	female aedes aegypti that were given a blood meal by enema deposited yolk in their oocytes and synthesized trypsinlike enzymes in their midgut. when females were given an enema of aea-tmof (trypsin modulating oostatic factor) (nh2-ydpapppppp-cooh) and blood both egg development and trypsin biosynthesis were inhibited. similar results were observed if tmof was mixed with the blood meal and fed to female mosquitoes through a membrane. renin inhibitor (nh2-phpfhffvyk-cooh) or poly proline given by ...	1995	7480877
aedes aegypti control in the lao people's democratic republic, with reference to copepods.	an evaluation of the lao aedes aegypti control program and of the predatory abilities of copepods from vientiane, lao people's democratic republic was undertaken before a field release of copepods in thongkankam village, vientiane. copepods were transported to australia for evaluation of predatory abilities and their survival under various nutrient and ph conditions. mesocyclops guangxiensis was chosen for release over m. aspericornis due to its higher reproduction rate and its ability to surviv ...	1995	7485682
a simulation model of the epidemiology of urban dengue fever: literature analysis, model development, preliminary validation, and samples of simulation results.	we have developed a pair of stochastic simulation models that describe the daily dynamics of dengue virus transmission in the urban environment. our goal has been to construct comprehensive models that take into account the majority of factors known to influence dengue epidemiology. the models have an orientation toward site-specific data and are designed to be used by operational programs as well as researchers. the first model, the container-inhabiting mosquito simulation model (cimsim), a wea ...	1995	7485707
isolation and identification of novel toxins from a new mosquitocidal isolate from malaysia, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan.	a new mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis subsp., jegathesan, has recently been isolated from malaysia. parasporal crystal inclusions were purified from this strain and bioassayed against fourth-instar larvae of culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti, aedes togoi, aedes albopictus, anopheles maculatus, and mansonia uniformis. the 50% lethal concentration of crystal inclusions for each species was 0.34, 8.08, 0.34, 17.59, 3.91, and 120 ng/ml, respectively. these values show that parasporal inclus ...	1995	7487029
two genes encoding midgut-specific maltase-like polypeptides from anopheles gambiae.	full-length cdna clones of two genes have been isolated from the african malaria vector mosquito, anopheles gambiae. these genes, designated agm1 and agm2, encode maltase-like polypeptides of 498 and 599 residues, respectively. deduced amino acid sequences contain a putative signal peptide sequence and four potential glycosylation sites. agm1 and agm2 show highest similarities to the mal1 gene from aedes aegypti and three clustered maltase genes from drosophila melanogaster. both genes are locat ...	1995	7498424
plasmodium gallinaceum: sporozoite invasion of aedes aegypti salivary glands is inhibited by anti-gland antibodies and by lectins.	there is evidence which suggests that malaria sporozoites recognize mosquito salivary glands by specific receptor-ligand interactions. we are interested in identifying the putative salivary gland receptor(s) for sporozoite invasion. we used an in vivo bioassay for sporozoite invasion of salivary glands. in this assay, purified sporozoites from mature oocytes of plasmodium gallinaceum were injected into aedes aegypti mosquitoes and salivary glands were dissected at different time points after inj ...	1995	7498430
aedes aegypti: a quantitative trait locus (qtl) influencing filarial worm intensity is linked to qtl for susceptibility to other mosquito-borne pathogens.	because intensity of infection was significantly increased in a substrain of aedes aegypti selected for susceptibility to the filarial worm, brugia malayi, experiments were designed to assess numbers of microfilariae (mf) ingested and midgut penetration by mf in this susceptible substrain as compared to a refractory substrain selected from the same parental stock. refractory mosquitoes ingested significantly fewer mf than susceptible mosquitoes and significantly fewer numbers of mf penetrated th ...	1995	7498432
plasmodium gallinaceum: mosquito peritrophic matrix and the parasite-vector compatibility.	transmission of malaria parasites occurs by relatively few species of mosquitoes. one proposed mechanism of refractoriness is an inability of certain plasmodium spp. to cross the peritrophic matrix (pm) in the midgut of an incompatible mosquito. we have tested this hypothesis by studying sporogonic development of plasmodium gallinaceum in susceptible (aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae g3) and refractory (anopheles stephensi) mosquito species in the presence and absence of the pm. in the presen ...	1995	7498435
hirsutellin a, a toxic protein produced in vitro by hirsutella thompsonii.	a toxic protein, hirsutellin a, has been purified from the mite fungal pathogen, hirsutella thompsonii, using ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration on bio-gel p-10. the protein has been characterized as a monomer with a molecular mass of 15 kda and an isoelectric point of 10.5. the amino acid composition and the n-terminal sequence of hirsutellin a (34 amino acids) have been determined. from these results, the toxin appears to be distinct from other know ...	1995	7670635
community participation in dengue prevention and control: a survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practice in trinidad and tobago.	the priorities of public health planners are often at variance with the community's own environmental sanitation priorities and perspectives. public opinion about individual, collective, and governmental responsibilities in addressing these issues and priorities is of particular importance when designing community-based programs. in a study conducted in trinidad and tobago on knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding dengue, its prevention and control, a high level of awareness about dengue a ...	1995	7677210
the effect of multiple host contacts on the infectivity of dengue-2 virus-infected aedes aegypti.	this study was designed to determine if transmission rates for dengue-2 virus by aedes aegypti are altered by mosquitos probing a host for blood or imbibing blood prior to attempting transmission. aedes aegypti is known to contact multiple hosts during each egg-laying cycle and multiple host contacts might diminish the amount of virus in infected mosquito's salivary glands or ducts and render them functionally uninfective. probing a host 5, 10, or 20 consecutive times did not significantly alter ...	1995	7707190
mosquito bite anaphylaxis: immunotherapy with whole body extracts.	adverse reactions to mosquito bites have been recognized for some time. these usually consist of large local swellings and redness, generalized urticaria, angioedema and less easily definable responses such as nausea, dizziness, headaches, and lethargy.	1995	7719881
blood-feeding behavior of dengue-2 virus-infected aedes aegypti.	this study was designed to determine if infection of aedes aegypti with dengue-2 virus affects the ability of the mosquito to efficiently locate and imbibe blood from an uninfected host. previous studies suggest that some parasites manipulate their arthropod host to increase the probability of transmission by interfering with blood-feeding efficiency. we found no evidence that dengue-2 virus infection by intrathoracic inoculation impaired the blood-feeding efficiency of ae. aegypti. we speculate ...	1995	7694963
proportions of eggs laid by aedes aegypti on different substrates within an ovitrap in trinidad, west indies.	ovitraps were exposed outdoors during wet and dry seasons in trinidad to determine the proportions of eggs laid on three substrates: the widely-used hardboard 'paddle' (p), the water surface (w) and the inside surface of the ovitrap wall (s) in three types of blackened ovitrap: round, glass (rg), round, plastic (rp) and rectangular, plastic (sp). of the 3556 eggs obtained, most (86.4%) were laid during the wet season when statistically significant differences were detected between substrates but ...	1995	7696690
[deficiency in public services and breeding of aedes aegypti in venezuela].		1995	7786414
restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping of quantitative trait loci for malaria parasite susceptibility in the mosquito aedes aegypti.	susceptibility of the mosquito aedes aegypti to the malarial parasite plasmodium gallinaceum was investigated as a quantitative trait using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflp). two f2 populations of mosquitoes were independently prepared from pairwise matings between a highly susceptible and a refractory strain of a. aegypti. rflp were tested for association with oocyst development on the mosquito midgut. two putative quantitative trait loci (qtl) were identified that significantly ...	1995	7789771
brugia pahangi: the effects of cecropins on microfilariae in vitro and in aedes aegypti.	synthetic cecropins, antibacterial peptides from insect haemolymph, have been tested for their ability to attenuate the motility of microfilariae of the filarial nematode brugia pahangi in an in vitro assay. fifty micromolar concentrations of these peptides, equivalent to physiological concentrations in immune-stimulated insects, cause significant attenuation of motility compared with untreated microfilariae. similar results were obtained with cecropins a and b. this is the lowest concentration ...	1995	7729475
indirect control of yolk protein genes by 20-hydroxyecdysone in the fat body of the mosquito, aedes aegypti.	in response to a blood meal, the fat body of the female mosquito, aedes aegypti, begins massive production of several yolk proteins which are subsequently stored in the developing oocytes. although 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) is important for initiation and maintenance of expression of the yolk protein genes encoding vitellogenin (vg) and vitellogenic carboxypeptidase (vcp), the exact nature of 20e action has not been clearly defined. a primary question is whether this hormone directly stimulates e ...	1995	7742832
comparison of migration and encapsulation of brugia malayi microfilariae from the midgut to the hemocoel between anopheles quadrimaculatus and aedes aegypti.	comparisons were made of migration and encapsulation of ingested sheathed microfilariae of brugia malayi from the midgut into the hemocoel between anopheles quadrimaculatus (refractory and susceptible strains to b. malayi) and aedes aegypti (black-eyed, liverpool strain susceptible to b. malayi). encapsulation and melanization of microfilarial sheaths and microfilariae occurred in both strains of an. quadrimaculatus and in ae. aegypti. in both strains of an. quadrimaculatus, by 4 hr and by 24 hr ...	1995	7745283
mosquito larvicidal activity of escherichia coli with combinations of genes from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis.	the genes cryiva and cryivd, encoding 134- and 72-kda proteins, respectively, and the gene for a regulatory 20-kda polypeptide of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serovar h14) were cloned in all seven possible combinations by the escherichia coli expression vectors pt7 and puhe. the four combinations containing cryiva (cryiva alone, with cryivd, with the 20-kda-protein gene, and with both) displayed high levels of mosquito larvicidal activity in puhe. the toxicity of the combination of ...	1995	7751296
dengue serologic survey in ribeirão preto, são paulo, brazil.	the city of ribeirão preto suffered a dengue 1 epidemic that began in november 1990 and ended in march 1991. a serologic survey designed to detect igg antibodies to the four dengue serotypes and other flaviviruses was carried out in ribeirão preto during september and october of 1992. dengue 1 antibodies were detected in 5.4% of the survey participants. significantly higher seropositivity (9.3%) was found among subjects residing in the northwest sector of ribeirão preto than among those living i ...	1995	7757124
isolation of antifungal and larvicidal constituents of diplolophium buchanani by centrifugal partition chromatography.	three phenylpropanoids, myristicin [1], elemicin [2], and trans-isoelemicin [3], together with two furanocoumarins, oxypeucedanin [4] and oxypeucedanin hydrate [5], have been isolated from the leaves of diplolophium buchanani by a separation strategy involving the almost exclusive use of centrifugal partition chromatography. all five compounds were antifungal in a tlc bioautography test using cladosporium cucumerinum. compounds 1-4 exhibited larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti.	1995	7760070
concomitant malaria (plasmodium gallinaceum) and filaria (brugia pahangi) infections in aedes aegypti: effect on parasite development.	mixed infections with malarial (plasmodium gallinaceum) and filarial (brugia pahangi) parasites were carried out in 8 trials with filaria susceptible (refm) and filaria refractory (rep-rr) aedes aegypti strains. a secondary infection with b. pahangi microfilariae (mff) by intrathoracic inoculation, reduced the development rate of a pre-existing p. gallinaceum infection. the level of reduction ranged from 9.5 to 49% in refm and from 50 to 90% in rep-rr. an immune response against oocysts was seen ...	1995	7845706
estimates of population size, dispersal, and longevity of domestic aedes aegypti aegypti (diptera: culicidae) by mark-release-recapture in the village of shauri moyo in eastern kenya.	estimates of the absolute size of a domestic population of aedes aegypti aegypti (l.) were made in the rabai area of kenya, based on a single release, followed by either single or repeated recaptures. from single recapture within 24 h of release, the size of the female ae. a. aegypti population in the shauri moyo village was estimated by the lincoln index to be 365. using a single release and repeated recaptures, population size was estimated by jackson's positive method to be 337. depletion of ...	1995	7869339
growth-restricted dengue virus mutants containing deletions in the 5' noncoding region of the rna genome.	the dengue type 4 virus (den4) rna genome contains a 101-nt 5' noncoding (nc) sequence which is predicted to form a stable secondary structure. den4 cdna from which infectious rna can be transcribed was used to engineer deletions in the 5' nc region for functional analysis of rna structure and for isolation of den4 mutants that could be evaluated as candidates for use in a live attenuated vaccine. eleven distinct deletions in the region of the den4 genome between nts 18 and 98 were constructed; ...	1995	7871753
short report: dispersal of aedes aegypti in an urban area after blood feeding as demonstrated by rubidium-marked eggs.	strategies for the control of aedes aegypti during urban outbreaks of dengue or yellow fever assume that this species has a maximum flight range of 50-100 meters. because ae. aegypti distributes its eggs among several oviposition sites, we postulated that dispersal is driven by the search for oviposition sites, so an ovipositing female may have to fly much further than 50-100 meters to lay all of her eggs. we developed a method for marking ae. aegypti eggs with a rare alkali metal (rubidium) and ...	1995	7872449
5-hydroxytryptamine in the salivary glands of adult female aedes aegypti and its role in regulation of salivation.	a dense plexus of axons, immunoreactive to antisera against 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht, serotonin) and surrounding the proximal medial lobe of the salivary gland of adult female aedes aegypti mosquitoes, was demonstrated by means of whole-mount fluorescence immunocytochemistry. this innervation originates in the stomatogastric nervous system. 5-ht-immunoreactive innervation is absent in male salivary glands, suggesting that 5-ht is involved in blood-feeding. furthermore, female mosquitoes treated ...	1995	7891033
understanding productivity, a key to aedes aegypti surveillance.	the objective of this work was to define criteria that could be applied to achieve faster, more economical, and accurate assessment of vector populations for control of dengue viruses. during 1989-1990, 1,349 premises were surveyed in townsville, charters towers and mingela/ravenswood, queensland, australia. in each locality, 1.9-8.4% of premises contained three or more containers with aedes aegypti immature forms and were designated as key premises. comparison of surveys in townsville from 1989 ...	1995	8561260
infection of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) and ae. aegypti with lambornella stegomyiae (ciliophora: tetrahymenidae).	the transformation of lambornella stegomyiae trophonts to theronts, the distribution of invasion cysts on larval aedes albopictus cuticle, and the virulence of l. stegomyiae to ae. albopictus and aedes aegypti were studied in the laboratory. transformation of trophonts into theronts was induced by a morphogenic agent released from larval ae. albopictus homogenate. the first transformation was observed 4 hr after exposure to larval mosquito homogenate, but most transformations occurred between 12 ...	1995	8568285
towards malaria control in nigeria: a qualitative study on the population of mosquitoes.	malaria is still highly prevalent in many tropical countries and this disease can only survive in areas where mosquitoes and infected human populations are high. relevant information on the species of mosquitoes, their habitats and their population are important in planning preventative strategies in the control of malaria, hence this study. mosquito species and their habitats were investigated in both high and low density areas of benin city, edo state, nigeria. the results showed that culex pi ...	1995	8568784
immunohistological localization of regulatory peptides in the midgut of the female mosquito aedes aegypti.	the midgut of the female mosquito aedes aegypti was studied immunohistologically with antisera to various regulatory peptides. endocrine cells immunoreactive with antisera to perisulfakinin, rfamide, bovine pancreatic polypeptide, urotensin 1, locustatachykinin 2 and allatostatins a1 and b2 were found in the midgut. perisulfakinin, rfamide and bovine pancreatic polypeptide all react with the same, about 500 endocrine cells, which were evenly distributed throughout the posterior midgut, with the ...	1995	8574883
jungle yellow fever: clinical and laboratorial studies emphasizing viremia on a human case.	the authors report the clinical, laboratorial and epidemiological aspects of a human case of jungle yellow fever. the patient suffered from fever, chills, sweating, headaches, backaches, myalgia, epigastric pains, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and prostration. he was unvaccinated and had been working in areas where cases of jungle yellow fever had been confirmed. investigations concerning the yellow fever virus were performed. blood samples were collected on several days in the course of the illnes ...	1995	8599063
[yellow fever in mexico. the eradication of aëdes aegypti. 1966].		1995	8599142
[dengue in mexico: a priority problem of public health].	dengue fever is a viral disease transmitted by aedes aegypti. it has been recently incorporated to the agenda of priorities in many countries in the americas. the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases is becoming a public health threat and requires the implementation of intensive surveillance and control strategies. the epidemiological panorama of dengue in mexico provides the opportunity to analyze a regional health problem and the risk factors involved in the genesis of hemorrhagic cases ...	1995	8599144