Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| phototoxicity of (1h-indenyl)thiophenes. | the (1h-indenyl)thiophene derivatives 2 and 3 were recently reported to be excellent singlet oxygen sensitizers, comparable to alpha-terthienyl (1). the phototoxicity of these compounds was compared, using human erythrocytes, aedes aegypti mosquito larvae, daphnia magna, and fish (fathead minnows, pimephales promelas). the known ranking of the photooxidation properties was found to be a good predictor of phototoxic properties in erythrocytes and mosquito larvae but not in daphnias. all three com ... | 1993 | 8378432 |
| experimental infection of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) by the oral route with sindbis virus. | the infectivity, dissemination, and transmissibility of wild-type sindbis (sin) virus were studied in aedes aegypti (l). there was an initial decline in the viral titer of whole mosquitoes for 3 d after ingestion of virus, followed by a gradual increase to a maximal level by day 6. immunoperoxidase staining of ae. aegypti for viral antigen showed infection of midgut epithelial cells on day 1, of the fat body by day 3, and of the brain by day 4. by day 5, there was infection of the foregut, hindg ... | 1993 | 8384663 |
| insecticide susceptibility status of anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti in panaji, goa. | adult and larval insecticidal tests conducted in panaji, goa, revealed that adults of an. stephensi were resistant to ddt (4.0%), dieldrin (0.4%) and malathion (5.0%). the larvae of an. stephensi were also resistant to ddt (2.5 mg/l) and malathion (3.125 mg/l). cx. quinquefasciatus adults were resistant to ddt, dieldrin, malathion and fenitrothion (1.0%), and larvae were highly resistant to ddt but showed low resistance to malathion and fenitrothion (0.125 mg/i). adults of ae. aegypti were resis ... | 1993 | 8405597 |
| effects on toxicity of eliminating a cleavage site in a predicted interhelical loop in bacillus thuringiensis cryivb delta-endotoxin. | when activated by treatment with mosquito (aedes aegypti) gut extract, the bacillus thuringiensis cryivb delta-endotoxin lysed a. aegypti cells in vitro. sds-page and n-terminal sequence determination showed that in addition to removal of the c-terminal half of the molecule, the activated toxin had undergone proteolytic cleavage at two internal regions producing 47-48-kda and 16-18-kda polypeptides. aligning the cryivb protein sequence with the crystallographic structure of the cryiiia toxin sug ... | 1993 | 8405934 |
| dengue in gujarat state, india during 1988 & 1989. | following the reports of epidemics of febrile illness from several rural and urban areas of gujarat state (india) in 1988, epidemiological investigations were carried out and dengue (den) virus activity was demonstrated in large cities such as surat and rajkot as well as several villages in sabarkantha district. two strains of dengue type-2 each were isolated from human sera from surat city and a village in sabarkantha district. six strains of dengue virus were isolated from aedes aegypti mosqui ... | 1993 | 8406637 |
| genetic determinants of host ranges of bacillus sphaericus mosquito larvicidal toxins. | the 51.4-kda-41.9-kda binary toxin produced by different strains of bacillus sphaericus shows differential activity toward culex quinquefasciatus, aedes atropalpus, and aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. the patterns of larvicidal activity toward all three mosquito species and growth retardation in a. aegypti have been shown to be due to the 41.9-kda protein. by using mutant toxins expressed in escherichia coli, insecticidal activity and growth retardation correlated with amino acids centered around ... | 1993 | 8419297 |
| pgs28 belongs to a family of epidermal growth factor-like antigens that are targets of malaria transmission-blocking antibodies. | although pgs28, a 28-kd surface protein of plasmodium gallinaceum oökinetes, was previously thought not to be a target of transmission-blocking antibodies, we found that polyclonal antisera to pgs28 completely blocked parasite infectivity to aedes aegypti mosquitoes. antisera raised against reduced pgs28 were less effective in blocking transmission than were antisera to nonreduced pgs28; thus, the target epitope(s) of transmission-blocking antibodies appears to be conformation dependent. in stag ... | 1993 | 8426118 |
| lessons of aedes aegypti control in thailand. | the incidence of dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) in thailand has increased cyclically since the first recognized outbreak in 1958. without an effective vaccine against dengue, and considering the clinical difficulty of treating dhf cases, vector control is needed to prevent dengue transmission. since the establishment of the who aedes research unit in 1964, continued since 1973 as the who collaborating centre at the department of medical research in bangkok, much operational research has been ca ... | 1993 | 8435481 |
| critical review of aedes aegypti control programs in the caribbean and selected neighboring countries. | in recent years the region of the americas has experienced increasing dengue activity with circulation of multiple virus serotypes. associated with this trend has been the occurrence of sporadic dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) cases and of dhf epidemics in both the caribbean and latin america. high vector infestation levels persist even though most countries in the caribbean conduct national aedes aegypti control programs and despite the fact that in some instances, expenditures exceed us$5 per c ... | 1993 | 8468568 |
| effects of plant flavonoids and other allelochemicals on insect cytochrome p-450 dependent steroid hydroxylase activity. | the plant flavonoids flavone, chrysin, apigenin, kaempferol, morin, quercetin, myricetin and phloretin were found to inhibit in a dose-dependent manner the cytochrome p-450 dependent ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity associated with adult female aedes aegypti, wandering stage larvae of drosophila melanogaster, and fat body and midgut from prewandering and wandering stage last instar larvae of manduca sexta. the concentrations of these flavonoids required to elicit a 50% inhibition of the steroi ... | 1993 | 8485518 |
| observations on the breeding habitats of aedes aegypti in calcutta following an episode of dengue haemorrhagic fever. | a year-long (nov. 1990-oct. 1991) search for ae. aegypti larvae was made of all water containers in and around fixed 100 houses at bowbazar area in calcutta following an episode of dhf. out of 10151 containers searched, 615 (6%) were positive. masonry tanks were the major (64.2%) and preferred (17%) breeding sites of ae. aegypti. indoor containers (6.7%) were more conducive to breeding of the vector species than the outdoor ones (3%). breteau index showing wide variation (25 in december '90 to ' ... | 1993 | 8486410 |
| [yellow fever epidemic in the extreme north of cameroon in 1990: first yellow fever virus isolation in cameroon]. | some two years ago, suspicious cases of yellow fever (yf) were reported in northern cameroon. a deadly epidemic broke out during the second half of the rainy season (from 15 september to 22 december 1990) with 180 known cases, of which 125 died. the real figures could have been between 5000 and 20,000 cases with between 500 and 1000 deaths. the affected area was within the yellow fever belt, which is situated around latitude 11 degrees north and 14 degrees east. in this mountainous area (altitud ... | 1993 | 8490979 |
| growth and development of brugia pahangi larvae under various in vitro conditions. | in vitro culture methods were utilized to investigate specific nutritional requirements of brugia pahangi larvae. infective third-stage larvae (l3) isolated from aedes aegypti (liverpool) mosquitoes were cultured in nctc 135:imdm (ni) medium plus various types of serum under 5% co2/air and 5% co2/n2 atmospheres. larvae grew, developed, and molted to the fourth stage (l4); however, further growth and differentiation beyond the mid-l4 were minimal. serum supplementation was necessary to induce mol ... | 1993 | 8501596 |
| [the culicidian fauna and its nuisance in kinshasha (zaire)]. | a public health study to inventory bloodsucking mosquitoes was conducted in kinshasa and its regions. 20 culicidian species were represented by 7 anopheles, 6 culex, 5 aedes and 2 mansonia. in general, the number of bites/man/night (b/m/n) was in average 141.5 of cx. quinquefasciatus, 60.1 of cx. antennatus, 21.1 of m. africana, 16.3 of an. gambiae and 7.7 of m. uniformis. the nuisance is different from region to other. culex quinquefasciatus is the most abundant and aggressive species in the ur ... | 1993 | 8504267 |
| insecticide susceptibility status of certain populations of aedes aegypti mosquito from rural areas of maharashtra state. | ae. aegypti mosquitoes from rural areas of maharashtra state were subjected to insecticide bio-assays. all the populations showed resistance to ddt at larval and adult stages. no resistance to deltamithrin and malathion was detected at any stage. biochemical analysis of these mosquito populations showed that resistance to ddt was probably due to increase in the kinetics of glutathione s-transferase. | 1993 | 8505082 |
| gametogenesis and sporogony of hepatozoon mocassini (apicomplexa: adeleina: hepatozoidae) in an experimental mosquito host, aedes aegypti. | the sexual life cycle of the hemogregarine hepatozoon mocassini was studied in aedes aegypti, an experimental mosquito host, using transmission electron microscopy. gamonts were observed leaving the host snake erythrocyte as early as 30 min after mosquitoes ingested infected blood, and some gamonts had penetrated the gut epithelial cells by this time. six hours post-feeding, gamonts were identified within cells of the abdominal fat body. twenty-four hours post-feeding, gamonts were often entrapp ... | 1993 | 8508167 |
| sustainable urban development and human health: septic tank as a major breeding habitat of mosquito vectors of human diseases in south-eastern nigeria. | septic tank mosquitoes in abia state university okigwe, south-eastern nigeria were studied using exit traps between november 1988 and april 1989. the results were revealing and striking. apart from the common septic tank mosquitoes, culex p. quinquefasciatus, cu. cinereus and aedes aegypti, which have been previously commonly found breeding in ammonia and nitrate-rich waters of latrines and septic tanks, the other species, cu. horridus, cu. tigripes and aedes vittatus, have not been commonly rep ... | 1993 | 8508215 |
| distribution of container-inhabiting aedes larvae (diptera: culicidae) at a dengue focus in thailand. | a thai village with dengue transmission was surveyed for aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus (skuse) larvae at the end of the rainy season. all containers (1,819) in 186 households were surveyed, recording the presence of larvae, container type, level of water, kind of cover, and location. the number of positive containers was proportional to the total number of containers in a household. standard water jars (approximately 200 liters) contributed 57% and small water jars (< 100 liters) contrib ... | 1993 | 8510120 |
| search for antifungal, molluscicidal and larvicidal compounds from african medicinal plants. | african medicinal plants provide a rich source of biologically-active natural products. by the use of simple bioassays in conjunction with an approach involving bioactivity guided fractionation, it is possible to isolate novel compounds with interesting properties. several hundred plant extracts have been submitted to different screens, including bioautography on tlc plates with the fungi cladosporium cucumerinum and candida albicans. among the other test systems are a bioassay for molluscicidal ... | 1993 | 8510471 |
| cloning and sequencing of the blood meal-induced late trypsin gene from the mosquito aedes aegypti and characterization of the upstream regulatory region. | a 4.1 kb genomic clone of the late trypsin gene from the mosquito aedes aegypti was isolated, mapped and subcloned. a 1.6 kb subclone, corresponding to 1.1 kb of upstream regulatory region and 0.5 kb of coding region, was sequenced. the gene has no introns within the coding region. the 5' end of the mature mrna was mapped using primer extension analysis. a tata box consensus sequence (tataaa) was found at position -31 from the 5' end of the mature mrna. a cluster of five repeat sequences homolog ... | 1993 | 9087537 |
| a comparison of three methods for isolating rna from mosquitoes. | the two most common protocols for rna isolation, chirgwin et al., 1979, and chomczynski & sacchi, 1987, were compared with a protocol using glass powder. the quality of the recovered rna was tested using agarose gels and northern hybridization. with the glass powder protocol, we consistently obtained intact rna, whereas with the other protocols we often obtained degraded rna. using specific radioactive probes, we measured ribosomal rna and trypsin mrna recovered from fed adult aedes aegypti fema ... | 1993 | 9087539 |
| cloning and analysis of the locus for mosquito vitellogenic carboxypeptidase. | vitellogenic carboxypeptidase is a 53 kda yolk protein produced by the fat body of the female mosquito, aedes aegypti, in response to a blood meal. its expression is sex-, stage- and tissue-specific and is identical to that of the major yolk protein, vitellogenin. the gene is intronless and two alleles have been cloned and sequenced, including more than 1.5 kb on both sides of the coding region. a capsite consensus recently identified as an arthropod initiator is present at the start site of tra ... | 1993 | 9087558 |
| effects of the insect growth regulators oms 2017 and diflubenzuron on the reproductive potential of aedes aegypti. | the effects of 2 benzoylphenylurea insect growth regulators, oms 2017 and diflubenzuron, on 4th instar larvae of aedes aegypti were investigated in the laboratory. apart from delayed lethal action, possible effects on the reproductive potential were also studied. a baseline concentration of each compound causing 30% emergence inhibition was determined. at this concentration, oms 2017 affected fecundity of the mosquito but diflubenzuron did not. the fertility of females that survived oms 2017 exp ... | 1993 | 8126477 |
| cultured aedes albopictus mosquito cells synthesize hormone-inducible proteins. | to provide a framework for biochemical investigation of ecdysteroid action in aedes albopictus mosquito cells, we examined the effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone on cell growth and morphology, synthesis of inducible proteins (eips), and expression of a transfected gene regulated by a synthetic ecdysteroid response element. when cells were cultured in the continuous presence of 10(-6) m 20-hydroxyecdysone, the rate of growth decreased and subtle changes in cell morphology were observed. in both aedes a ... | 1993 | 8118617 |
| estimation of the number of full sibling families at an oviposition site using rapd-pcr markers: applications to the mosquito aedes aegypti. | there are many species in which groups of individuals encountered in the field are known to consist of mixtures of full-sibling families. we describe a statistical technique, based on the use of random amplified polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr) markers, that allows for the estimation of the number of families contained in these groups. we test the technique on full-sibling families of the mosquito aedes aegypti, a species that distributes its eggs among several locations. mix ... | 1993 | 24194008 |
| mass spectrometry and characterization of aedes aegypti trypsin modulating oostatic factor (tmof) and its analogs. | trypsin modulating oostatic factor (tmof), a decapeptide that directly inhibits the biosynthesis of trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like enzymes in epithelial cells of mosquito midgut and indirectly inhibits vitellogenesis in anautogenous females, has been sequenced by fourier transform mass spectrometry analysis. the peptide has a primary amino acid sequence of nh2-tyr-asp-pro-ala-(pro)6-cooh and probably exhibits left-handed helical conformation as was shown by computer stereoview simulation. the fa ... | 1993 | 8353526 |
| distribution, abundance and bionomics of aedes albopictus in southern texas. | a survey was conducted for aedes albopictus in southern texas during the summer of 1992. thirty-five new country records were added to the distribution of this imported mosquito in texas. aedes albopictus was widely distributed throughout the ecological regions in the survey area, but its abundance decreased in counties adjacent to the rio grande river. however, these counties had high densities of aedes aegypti. | 1993 | 8245952 |
| comparison of sampling efficacy of sweeping and dipping for aedes aegypti larvae in tires. | a sweep net with a flexible plastic frame was compared to a dipper for sampling efficacy for aedes aegypti larvae in different-sized tires. when known numbers of mosquito larvae were introduced into tires, from 2 to 6.8 times more larvae were recovered by sweeping than by dipping. sediment in the tires significantly reduced the recovery of larvae by both methods. sampling efficacy was affected by water level and tire size. in relation to dipping, sweeping showed less variation in percentage reco ... | 1993 | 8245942 |
| a parvo-like virus persistently infecting a c6/36 clone of aedes albopictus mosquito cell line and pathogenic for aedes aegypti larvae. | we have isolated and partially characterized from an apparently healthy c6/36 subclone of aedes albopictus cell line a small icosahedral non-enveloped dna virus, designated aapv. this virus proved to be highly pathogenic for aedes aegypti neonate larvae. viral infection persisted for over 4 years in the cell culture without any cytopathic effect. attempts to infect suckling mice, drosophila melanogaster adults and spodoptera littoralis larvae with aapv were unsuccessful. similarly, the aapv fail ... | 1993 | 8212862 |
| cloning and sequencing of the cyclodiene insecticide resistance gene from the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. conservation of the gene and resistance associated mutation with drosophila. | in order to examine the conservation of the mechanism of cyclodiene insecticide resistance between species we cloned a cdna from the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti homologous to the resistance gene rdl in drosophila. in d. melanogaster, resistance to cyclodienes and picrotoxinin is caused by a single amino acid substitution (alanine to serine) in the putative channel lining of a gamma-aminobutyic acid gated chloride ion channel. we report that the mosquito gene not only shows high homology ... | 1993 | 8391473 |
| arachidonic acid and prostaglandin e2 in malpighian tubules of female yellow fever mosquitoes. | the fatty acid compositions of malpighian tubules from adult females of the mosquito aedes aegypti were determined for total lipids, phospholipids, triacylglycerols and three phospholipid fractions, namely phosphatidylcholine (pc), phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) and phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylserine (pi/ps). the prostaglandin precursor arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) occurred in total lipids and phospholipids, but not triacylglycerols. within phospholipids, nearly all of the 20:4n-6 was detected ... | 1993 | 8508185 |
| aedes aegypti in new jersey. | 1993 | 8350084 | |
| gorging response of culicine mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) to blood fractions. | although anopheline mosquitoes will ingest plasma without blood cells, culex spp. and aedes spp. require the phagostimulatory effect of blood cells; this effect can be duplicated by the addition of adenine-nucleotides to plasma. because activation of platelets released adp and atp into the plasma, they were suspected as the major source of the phagostimulant. this paper describes quantitatively the role of platelets in ingestion by aedes aegypti (l.) and culex univittatus theobald. we found that ... | 1993 | 8510110 |
| vapour toxicity & repellence of some essential oils & terpenoids to adults of aedes aegypti (l) (diptera: culicidae). | bioefficacy of commercially used synthetic insecticides/repellents and potential of selected essential oils and terpenoids were assessed against mosquitoes. essential oils and terpenoids, were vapourised in commercially manufactured mosquito repellent electronic assemblies and effects of such vapours were tested on 6-7 days old adult female aedes aegypti. commercially available 'mats' (coir rectangles) impregnated with allethrin were used as standards for comparison of kt50 and kt90 values. fast ... | 1993 | 8406635 |
| differential particle uptake by larvae of three mosquito species (diptera: culicidae). | second and fourth instars of culex quinquefasciatus say and aedes aegypti (l.) and fourth instars of culiseta morsitans (theobald) were fed five size classes of latex particles ranging from 0.56 to 5.75 microns. each experimental run was done on two size classes of particles mixed in different proportions of 10:90, 50:50, and 90:10. both the gut contents and the food mixtures were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the particle percentage composition was determined. the null hypothesis that no part ... | 1993 | 8099623 |
| effect of the insect growth regulator methoprene on the ovipositional behavior of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. | laboratory and field tests were conducted to determine the attractiveness of the insect growth regulator methoprene to ovipositing mosquitoes when presented at concentrations used in mosquito control programs. laboratory experiments indicated that ovipositing culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti were not attracted to methoprene. in field experiments, culex stigmatosoma and cx. quinquefasciatus larval dip counts in experimental ponds treated with methoprene briquets were not significantly dif ... | 1993 | 8468569 |
| effects of preblood-meal sugar on sugar seeking and upwind flight by gravid and parous aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | sugar seeking and upwind flight of gravid and parous female aedes aegypti (l.) was measured by their attraction to honey in a dual-port airflow olfactometer at selected time intervals after a blood meal. comparisons were made between pre-blood-meal sugar-fed and unfed females. sugar-fed females had greater total energy reserves, mostly because of elevated lipid levels. gravid mosquitoes in both groups showed a strong tendency to fly upwind. this appears to be a pre-ovipositional response. gravid ... | 1993 | 8459411 |
| regulation of epithelial shunt conductance by the peptide leucokinin. | isolated malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti spontaneously secrete nacl, kcl and water across an epithelium of modest transepithelial resistance (40-80 omega cm2) and high transepithelial voltage (30-70 mv, lumen positive). transepithelial electrochemical potentials indicate that na and k are secreted by active and cl by passive transport mechanisms. the addition of synthetic leucokinin-viii (lk-viii, insect myotropic peptide) to the peritubular bath significantly incre ... | 1993 | 8459448 |
| structure, expression, and hormonal control of genes from the mosquito, aedes aegypti, which encode proteins similar to the vitelline membrane proteins of drosophila melanogaster. | genomic and cdna clones of a gene expressed after a blood meal in the mosquito, aedes aegypti, were identified as having significant similarity to the vitelline membrane protein genes of drosophila melanogaster. the predicted protein had unusually high contents of alanine, histidine, and proline and contained a region of hydrophobic amino acids that was highly conserved in the predicted protein of the d. melanogaster vitelline membrane protein genes. the 15a gene was expressed from 5 to 40 hr af ... | 1993 | 8432405 |
| isolation, sequencing and characterization of two cdna clones coding for trypsin-like enzymes from the midgut of aedes aegypti. | in order to understand the regulation of trypsin genes by the blood meal, we constructed a cdna library from mrna isolated from midguts of blood-fed female aedes aegypti. the library was screened with a drosophila melanogaster trypsin-like gene; twelve cdnas were isolated and sequenced. two clones were 846 bp and 788 bp long with 762 bp and 716 bp open reading frames, respectively. the cdnas were identified as coding for serine proteases by the presence of conserved serine, histidine and asparti ... | 1993 | 9087545 |
| changes in enzyme titres with age in four geographical strains of aedes aegypti and their association with insecticide resistance. | the enzymes acetylcholinesterase, glutathione s-transferase (gst), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd), and general esterases were assayed in four strains of aedes aegypti mosquitoes aged between 1 and 30 days. microtitre plate methods were used to assay activity in the homogenates of individual mosquitoes. the levels of gst and g6pd declined with the age of the mosquitoes, while the activity for the other enzymes remained constant. soluble protein content was also found to decline with mos ... | 1993 | 8435483 |
| detection of multiple blood feeding in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) during a single gonotrophic cycle using a histologic technique. | we evaluated a histologic technique for its usefulness in detecting multiple blood feeding by aedes aegypti (l.) in a single gonotrophic cycle. to standardize the procedure, we carried out a laboratory study in which 166 mosquitoes imbibed two blood meals at known intervals. eighty percent (78/98) of the multiple meals were detected when the interval between meals was from 1 to < to = 24 h and the time from the second meal to fixation ranged from 0 to 12 hr. at intervals outside this range, only ... | 1993 | 8433350 |
| codon preference of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | the codon bias of two aedes mosquito species was examined using a sign test. in general, there appeared to be some preference for c + g at the third base position, although this was not statistically significant. while amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine clearly displayed biases, others such as valine and serine appeared to have little or no bias for any particular codon. three homologous genes of aedes aegypti and drosophila melanogaster were compared using the chi-square test and th ... | 1993 | 8269097 |
| insecticide toxicity, glutathione transferases and carboxylesterase activities in the larva of the aedes mosquito. | 1. toxicity evaluations of ddt, lindane, abate and carbaryl were carried out in the larvae of two wild aedes aegypti strains from kuala lumpur and klang. the kuala lumpur strain was more susceptible to the insecticides than the klang strain. 2. the lethal toxicity time was also determined. the insecticides were found to take a longer time to exert their effect in the klang strain as compared to the kuala lumpur strain. 3. carboxylesterase activity was determined to be higher in the kuala lumpur ... | 1993 | 8097444 |
| studies on the effect of translocation of chemical insecticides in eicchornia host plant on mansonia mosquitos--a potential control method. | a novel method for the control of mansonia larvae was developed and tested. in this method, foliar absorption and translocation of a chemical insecticide, monocrotophos, a known systemic insecticide was studied in the eicchornia plant. acetone solution of the insecticide was painted onto leaves of the plant. at daily intervals, stems were severed and divided into equal sections which were introduced into bowls. larvae of aedes aegypti were tested for the presence of monocrotophos. it was found t ... | 1993 | 7526473 |
| the salivary glands of the vector mosquito, aedes aegypti, express a novel member of the amylase gene family. | several cdna clones with similarity to alpha-amylases have been characterized from a library made from adult female salivary gland rna isolated from the vector mosquito, aedes aegypti. the corresponding gene, designated amylase i (amy i), is expressed specifically in the proximal-lateral lobes of the adult female salivary gland, a pattern overlapping that of another gene, mal i, involved in carbohydrate metabolism. the deduced amino acid sequence of amy i indicates that this gene encodes a prote ... | 1993 | 7505701 |
| an ultrastructural study on the early cellular response to dirofilaria immitis (nematoda) in the malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti (refractory strains). | dirofilaria immitis living in aedes aegypti refractory strains were studied in relation to ultrastructural events in primary cells of malpighian tubules and to defense mechanisms activated by host-cells. when the microfilaria reaches the malpighian cells, its intracellular development is blocked by defense mechanisms activated by the host, resulting in lysis of the outermost cuticle of the parasite without melanin involvement. ultrastructural evidence suggests that lysis is brought about by malp ... | 1994 | 9140500 |
| sialokinin i and ii: vasodilatory tachykinins from the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | the saliva of the mosquito aedes aegypti has previously been reported to contain a 1400-da peptide with pharmacological properties typical of a tachykinin. in the present study this vasodilator has been purified to homogeneity and found to consist of two peptides: sialokinin i, with the sequence asn-thr-gly-asp-lys-phe-tyr-gly-leu-met-nh2, and sialokinin ii, identical to sialokinin i except for an asp in position 1. these peptides are present in amounts of 0.62 and 0.16 pmol (711 and 178 ng), re ... | 1994 | 8278354 |
| dengue: the risk to developed and developing countries. | dengue viruses are members of the flaviviridae, transmitted principally in a cycle involving humans and mosquito vectors. in the last 20 years the incidence of dengue fever epidemics has increased and hyperendemic transmission has been established over a geographically expanding area. a severe form, dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf), is an immunopathologic disease occurring in persons who experience sequential dengue infections. the risk of sequential infections, and consequently the incidence of d ... | 1994 | 8146129 |
| larval diet, adult size, and susceptibility of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to infection with ross river virus. | the relationship of larval nutrition and adult body size to the susceptibility of aedes aegypti (l.) to ross river virus infection was examined. large adult mosquitoes produced by feeding larvae a high-level diet consumed significantly more virus particles than did smaller mosquitoes. however, when a correction for body size was made, smaller mosquitoes were found to consume significantly more virus per unit of body weight. a host viremia of 2.4 log10 pfu/ml failed to infect mosquitoes of any si ... | 1994 | 8158614 |
| control of larval aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) by cyclopoid copepods in peridomestic breeding containers. | mesocyclops longisetus (thiébaud), mesocyclops thermocyclopoides harada, mesocyclops venezolanus dussart, and macrocyclops albidus (jurine) were tested for their effectiveness in controlling aedes aegypti (l.) larvae in a variety of containers around homes in el progreso, honduras. all four cyclopoid species killed > 20 larvae per cyclopoid per d under container conditions. m. longisetus was most effective, not only because it was the most voracious predator, but also because it survived best in ... | 1994 | 8158627 |
| plasmodium gallinaceum: differential lysis of two developmental stages of malaria sporozoites by the alternative pathway of complement. | during sporogonic development of plasmodium gallinaceum in the mosquito vector, two developmentally distinct sporozoite stages can be isolated. sporozoites obtained from oocysts in abdomens of mosquitoes 10 days after an infective blood meal are poorly infectious to the vertebrate host (chicken); days later, sporozoites isolated from mosquito salivary glands are highly infectious. in a first step toward understanding the physiologic basis of this developmentally regulated infectivity to the vert ... | 1994 | 8162961 |
| the design of a community-based health education intervention for the control of aedes aegypti. | this report describes the process used to develop locally appropriate educational materials and to implement the education component of a community-based aedes aegypti control program in merida, yucatan, mexico. the process is broken into five stages: formative research, developing recommendations for behavior change, development of educational messages, development and production of educational materials, and distribution of the materials. appropriate terminology and taxonomies for dengue were ... | 1994 | 8166346 |
| complete nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of the aedes albopictus parvovirus (aapv) pathogenic for aedes aegypti larvae. | we have cloned the replicative form of the aedes albopictus parvovirus (aapv) genome and determined the complete sequence of the viral strand. the sequence is 4176 nucleotides (nt) in length. the first 134 nt at the 3' end and the terminal 182 nt at the 5' end of the viral (minus) strand can both generate by folding and annealing of complementary sequences a typical terminal t-shaped structure although they differ in their sequence. three large open reading frames (orfs), each one in a different ... | 1994 | 8178459 |
| inhibition of mouse parenchymal cells proliferation by mosquito larvae extract. | as it is known, some cell populations of mosquito aedes aegypti larvae do not proliferate. this fact suggests the existence of some mitosis inhibiting factor. we have assayed the effect of mosquito larvae crude extract on 85 c3hs young male mice (25 +/- 1 days old) and the effect of the dialyzed fraction of the same extract on 47 partially hepatectomized c3hs adult male mice. the injection was performed at 16:00 hour (before the raising of the dnas curve) and the controls were made at 08:00/16, ... | 1994 | 7873990 |
| use of the "cdc backpack aspirator" for surveillance of aedes aegypti in san juan, puerto rico. | we constructed a battery-powered backpack aspirator to collect adult aedes aegypti mosquitoes. this simple, easily constructed aspirator facilitates the indoor collection of this important vector species. the collections made with the aspirator provide useful information about the biology and behavior of ae. aegypti that can be used in education and vector control programs and in the evaluation of ultra-low volume insecticide spray programs directed against this species. the cost for constructio ... | 1994 | 8014622 |
| protozoan-enhanced toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis delta-endotoxin against aedes aegypti larvae. | the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) in mosquito larvae was enhanced by encapsulation in the protozoan tetrahymena pyriformis. aedes aegypti larvae which fed on t. pyriformis loaded with bti died about three times faster than when fed on the same concentrations of bti alone due to ingestion of higher toxin concentrations, reflected by shorter death times of exposed populations. the best larvicidal activities were achieved at ratios of cell/spore numbers in the range of 1 ... | 1994 | 8021522 |
| community-based integrated control of aedes aegypti: a brief overview of current programs. | dengue viruses are maintained in endemic transmission cycles in tropical urban areas where epidemics periodically occur. until about 30 years ago, there were long intervals (10-40 years) between epidemics but they are now occurring in many areas at 3-5-year intervals. these epidemics are most likely caused by virus strains with different epidemic potential. accompanying this increased frequency in epidemic activity has been a change in the disease pattern with cases of the severe form of dengue ... | 1994 | 8024084 |
| purification of an insect defensin from the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | using a new, sensitive assay of bacterial growth inhibition, inducible antibacterial activity has been identified in the haemolymph of the mosquito, aedes aegypti following inoculation with bacteria or with microfilariae of the filarial nematode brugia pahangi, but not after inoculation with sterile culture medium. a lower level of antibacterial activity has also been observed in untreated individual mosquitoes. following bacterial inoculation, a basic, inducible antibacterial peptide has been d ... | 1994 | 8025559 |
| frequent occurrence of ige and igg4 antibodies against saliva of aedes communis and aedes aegypti mosquitoes in children. | we examined the prevalence of ige and igg4 class antibodies to the saliva of aedes communis and aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the sera of three groups of exposed children using a sensitive immunoblot method. the frequencies of ige antibodies to the major 36-kd a. communis and a. aegypti saliva antigens ranged from 82 to 90% in the 20 finnish, 17 kenyan, and 20 mexican children. the corresponding igg4 antibody frequencies were 85, 41, and 20%, respectively. the nonexposed 20 icelandic children did ... | 1994 | 8038615 |
| use of randomly amplified polymorphic dna amplified by polymerase chain reaction markers to estimate the number of aedes aegypti families at oviposition sites in san juan, puerto rico. | we report the application of a molecular genetic technique to estimate the number of full-sibling families of aedes aegypti contained in oviposition traps. randomly amplified polymorphic dna amplified by the polymerase chain reaction markers were used to estimate the numbers and sizes of families in traps at field locations in san juan, puerto rico. forty-nine presumptive loci were amplified with five primers in a total of 813 individuals from 26 sites. the average family size was 10.95, but the ... | 1994 | 8059920 |
| filaria vector competence of some anopheles species. | the filaria vector competence of anopheles stephensi was compared with brugia-susceptible aedes aegypti liverpool strain, an. gambiae badagry lagos strain and an. dirus perlis malaysia strain. an. stephensi ingested more brugia pahangi microfilariae, had the highest infectivity rate and yielded more infective mosquitoes than the other two anopheline species. the overall vector competence of an. stephensi was 0.13 times that of ae. aegypti, 0.62 times that of an. gambiae and 2.17 times that of an ... | 1994 | 8066378 |
| mutagenesis of two surface-exposed loops of the bacillus thuringiensis cryic delta-endotoxin affects insecticidal specificity. | site-directed mutagenesis was used to determine the role of two surface-exposed loops (gly-317-phe-320 and gln-374-pro-377) in the insecticidal specificity of the bacillus thuringiensis cryic delta-endotoxin. mutant toxins were generated by pcr using degenerate oligonucleotide primers, and expressed in escherichia coli. more than 50 mutant toxins were screened for toxicity to the lepidopteran spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cell line using an in vitro lawn assay. a panel of these mutant toxins, which ... | 1994 | 8093015 |
| emergency control of aedes aegypti in the dominican republic using the scorpion 20 ulv forced-air generator. | in an effort to develop a more effective measure for use in emergency control of the dengue vector aedes aegypti. applications of a combination of a larvicide (bacillus thuringiensis israelensis [b.t.i.]) and an adulticide (permethrin) were made using a truck-mounted forced-air generator (scorpion 20) and evaluated in the dominican republic. this method has the potential to simultaneously control adults and larvae. in bioassay cages placed in household water containers at the time of application ... | 1994 | 7807084 |
| a convenient mosquito membrane feeding system. | a convenient, electronically controlled, in situ, membrane feeding system is described. evaluation of the system for feeding single pair-mated aedes aegypti with defibrinated, refrigerated pig blood indicated no significant difference from mouse-fed controls in rat of egg maturation, fecundity, or pupal yield. the feeding system is also suitable for use with substitute protein meals. | 1994 | 7807091 |
| infection, dissemination, transmission, and biological attributes of dengue-2 pdk53 candidate vaccine virus after oral infection in aedes aegypti. | the capacity for oral infection, dissemination, and transmission of the dengue-2 candidate vaccine virus den-2 pdk53 and an isolate from a vaccinate individual, den-2 ia8, were compared with the parent strain den-2 16681. capacity for oral infection and dissemination to the brain and salivary gland tissues were significantly lower in the first two than in the parent strain (p < 0.001). replication was more than 100 times higher for the parent strain when compared with the dengue-2 candidate vacc ... | 1994 | 7810824 |
| mosquito transposable elements. | most of the transposons so far characterized from mosquito genomes are retroelements which seem to be distributed worldwide. the juan transposons constitute a family of non-ltr retroelements, or line-retroposons, which are dispersed in the genomes of several mosquito species. three different juan subfamilies have been characterized, each being amplified in the genomes of many strains, if not all, of a given mosquito species. these subfamilies have been designated respectively juan-c in culex pip ... | 1994 | 7813911 |
| salivarectomy effects on the ingestion of brugia pahangi (nematoda: filarioidea) microfilariae by susceptible and refractory strains of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | ingestion of brugia pahangi buckley & edeson microfilariae by susceptible (liverpool) and refractory (bora-bora) strains of salivary duct-severed aedes aegypti (l.) was investigated. the transection at either the salivary common duct or the two lateral ducts of mosquitoes did not affect the mean number of microfilariae nor the mean amount of blood ingested per mosquito. these results indicated that mosquito salivary secretion did not have a chemotropic effect on microfilariae. | 1994 | 7815410 |
| synergism of mosquitocidal toxicity between cyta and cryivd proteins using inclusions produced from cloned genes of bacillus thuringiensis. | the toxicity to mosquito larvae of the parasporal body produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and the pg-14 isolate of b. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni is at least 20-fold greater than any of the four mosquitocidal proteins of which it is composed (cyta, cryiva, b, and d). this high toxicity is postulated to be due to synergistic interactions among parasporal proteins. however, this remains controversial because values reported for the specific toxicity of individual proteins, es ... | 1994 | 7854129 |
| experimental infection of aedes aegypti mosquitoes, suckling mice, and rats with four mosquito spiroplasmas. | four mosquito spiroplasmas, spiroplasma culicicola, spiroplasma sabaudiense, spiroplasma taiwanense, and an isolate designated cuas-1 were nonpathogenic for suckling mice and suckling rats inoculated either intracerebrally or intraperitoneally. s. culicicola persisted as long as 14 days in the brain of intracerebrally inoculated mice but did not replicate. the three other spiroplasmas were not reisolated from inoculated rats or mice. s. culicicola replicated in vitro at 37 degrees c in m1d media ... | 1994 | 7906284 |
| the suitability of restriction fragment length polymorphism markers for evaluating genetic diversity among and synteny between mosquito species. | restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers derived from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, were used in hybridizations to genomic dna of the following mosquito species: ae. albopictus, ae. togoi, armigeres subalbatus, culex pipiens, and anopheles gambiae. interspecific hybridization with ae. aegypti probes varied from 50% (an. gambiae) to 100% (ae. albopictus) under high stringency conditions. we demonstrated the usefulness of using rflp profiles to examine genetic diversity ... | 1994 | 7909414 |
| adult cat flea (siphonaptera: pulicidae) excretion of host blood proteins in relation to larval nutrition. | protein content and ion composition of host blood and feces from blood-fed adult cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis (bouché), were examined. total fecal protein differed slightly from host blood indicating that there was little digestion of host blood by adult fleas. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels of host blood and flea feces also revealed little digestion, as evidenced by the quantitatively and qualitatively similar protein banding patterns. blood and fecal ion com ... | 1994 | 7910638 |
| efficacy of clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia on target and nontarget organisms. | clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia (c.b.m.) is highly toxic to mosquito larvae. in this study, the following aquatic nontarget invertebrates were treated with high c.b.m. concentrations (up to 1,600-fold the toxic concentration for anopheles stephensi) to study their susceptibility towards the bacterial toxin: planorbis planorbis (pulmonata); asellus aquaticus (isopoda); daphnia pulex (cladocera); cloeon dipterum (ephemeroptera); plea leachi (heteroptera); and eristalis sp., chaoborus cry ... | 1994 | 7912261 |
| host range tests with edhazardia aedis (microsporida: culicosporidae) against northern nearctic mosquitoes. | twelve species of northern nearctic mosquitoes representing five genera (aedes, anopheles, culex, culiseta, and psorphora) were bioassayed for susceptibility to edhazardia aedis, an exotic, heterosporous, microsporidian parasite of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. infections were achieved in aedes atropalpus, aedes triseriatus, and aedes vexans following oral ingestion of uninucleate spores obtained from patently infected ae. aegypti larvae. the microsporidium underwent normal vegetativ ... | 1994 | 7914904 |
| biochemical basis of ddt-resistance in aedes aegypti population from a dengue affected area in shahjahanpur city. | entomological studies conducted in jalalnagar, shahjahanpur city, uttar pradesh, india, during an outbreak of dengue in 1992, showed that ae. aegypti mosquitoes were resistant to ddt and had some tolerance to malathion in the adults and the larvae. biochemical analysis suggested that ddt resistance was related to elevated glutathione s-transferase and tolerance to malathion was due to a little increase in esterase activity. crosses of ddt-resistant and susceptible strain suggested that resistanc ... | 1994 | 7927578 |
| reinterpretation of the genetics of susceptibility of aedes aegypti to plasmodium gallinaceum. | several studies have demonstrated a genetic basis for variation in susceptibility of aedes aegypti to plasmodium gallinaceum. although 25 yr ago it was reported that p. gallinaceum susceptibility in ae. aegypti is determined primarily by a single autosomal dominant gene, evidence for additional genetic factors has emerged. two sublines, 1 refractory and 1 of intermediate susceptibility to p. gallinaceum, have been selected from the moyo-in-dry strain (moyo) of ae. aegypti. prior to selection, th ... | 1994 | 7931905 |
| reproductive fitness and survivorship of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) maintained on blood, with field observations from thailand. | daily survivorship and fecundity of aedes aegypti mosquitoes were monitored for cohorts provided with five nutritional treatments: water, 2% sucrose, blood from a live chicken plus water, blood plus 2% sucrose, and blood alone. the median mortality time (lt50) for these females was 6, 54, 16, 12, and 29 d, respectively. there was no significant difference in the number of eggs laid by females in any of the treatments containing a host. females maintained on blood alone laid as many or more eggs ... | 1994 | 7932609 |
| mosquito gonotrophic cycle and multiple feeding potential: contrasts between anopheles and aedes (diptera: culicidae). | two aedine and three anopheline species were allowed to blood-feed to repletion, and their host-seeking behavior was measured with an olfactometer at intervals afterward. both aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus (skuse) were inhibited from subsequently seeking a host during the gonotrophic cycle, but anopheles gambiae giles, an. albimanus wiedemann, and an. freeborni aitken, all showed varying degrees of host-seeking behavior while their eggs matured. continued host-seeking by some anophelines ... | 1994 | 7932610 |
| inheritance of oral susceptibility of aedes aegypti to chikungunya virus. | a colony of rosy eye mutants of aedes aegypti was established. this strain was refractory to chikungunya virus by oral route of infection when compared with the wild-type parent strain. the refractoriness of this strain seems to be due to a mesentronal barrier, since both the mosquito strains supported the multiplication of virus after intrathoracic inoculation. the rosy eye strain was also found to be refractory to sagiyama virus (alphaviridae: getah virus subtype) when compared with wild-type ... | 1994 | 7943547 |
| microscopic visualization of wuchereria and brugia larval stages in intact cleared mosquitoes. | over the past several decades, epidemiologic data from filarial vectors typically has been obtained by mass dissection or by dissection of individual specimens. the former is quick and easy to do on large numbers of insects but provides no information on the frequency distribution of infection, presence of early developmental stages, or larval location; the latter is labor-intensive and tedious. we describe a new technique that can provide data comparable to those obtained by individual dissecti ... | 1994 | 7943576 |
| aedes aegypti: characterization of a hemolymph polypeptide expressed during melanotic encapsulation of filarial worms. | we report on the initial characterization of an 84-kda polypeptide that is differentially expressed in aedes aegypti during melanotic encapsulation immune reactions against filarial worms. [35s]methionine-labeled hemolymph from mosquitoes inoculated with saline, parasites that are melanized, or parasites that are not melanized was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. results show that the level of the 84-kda polypeptide increases considerably in those mosquitoes ... | 1994 | 7957753 |
| densovirus of aedes aegypti as an expression vector in mosquito cells. | we have constructed an infectious dna clone containing the genome of aedes aegypti densovirus (aednv) in a bacterial plasmid. when this clone was transfected into aedes albopictus c6/36 mosquito cells, the aednv genome rescued from the plasmid and replicated as the wild-type virus. to investigate the cloned virus as an expression vector, the reporter gene encoding beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) was inserted into four large open reading frames (orf) observed in the aednv genome. when these recombi ... | 1994 | 7957754 |
| insecticide susceptibility in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from french polynesia. | susceptibility to six organophosphate (op), two pyrethroid (py), and one carbamate (c) insecticides was investigated in culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say, aedes aegypti (l.), and aedes polynesiensis marks larvae from the island of tahiti. cx. p. quinquefasciatus and ae. aegypti were compared with susceptible reference strains treated simultaneously. a low, but significant, resistance to bromophos (4.6x), chlorpyrifos (5.7x), fenthion (2.4x), fenitrothion (5.0x), temephos (4.3x) and permethrin ( ... | 1994 | 7966164 |
| salivary vasodilators of aedes triseriatus and anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae). | salivary vasodilators of aedes aegypti (l.) and anopheles albimanus (wiedemann) were characterized previously as a tachykinin peptide and a catechol oxidase/peroxidase activity, respectively. to verify whether these two different vasodilators also were found in other distantly related members of each mosquito genus, we characterized the vasodilators from a. triseriatus and a. gambiae. a. triseriatus salivary gland homogenates produced a reversible, endothelium dependent vasorelaxation of rabbit ... | 1994 | 7966179 |
| [seasonal variations in aedes aegypti populations in monterrey, mexico]. | seasonal variation of the populations of the dengue vector mosquito aedes aegypti, in the city of monterrey, n.l., mexico, showed a bimodal pattern. the first peak is lower and appeared at early june, while the second and higher one was observed in the second week of october. 1,419 female mosquitoes were caught in this study. females with fresh red blood in the stomach were present in all the catches, gravid females (mature eggs in the ovaries) being more abundant than the non-gravid ones. the g ... | 1994 | 7973991 |
| elisa for detecting dengue and japanese encephalitis viral antigen in mosquitoes. | an indirect elisa has been developed for detecting two viruses in triturated, experimentally infected mosquitoes: dengue (den) in aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus (skuse) and japanese encephalitis (je) viral antigen in culex tritaeniorhynchus giles. den antigen from four strains of the virus, representing each of the four serotypes, and je antigen were captured with a polyclonal anti-flavivirus igg and detected with a monoclonal antibody (4g2) that reacts with all flaviviruses. minimum vira ... | 1994 | 7979627 |
| differential modulation of murine cellular immune responses by salivary gland extract of aedes aegypti. | the ability of salivary gland extract (sge) of aedes aegypti to modulate cellular immune responses was investigated in a mouse model. cytokine production was induced in naive and antigen-primed murine (balb/c) spleen cells in vitro by stimulation with the t cell mitogen concanavalin a or the t cell-dependent antigen ovalbumin (ova), respectively. inclusion of ae. aegypti sge in in vitro culture with naive cells caused significant suppression of the cytokines interleukin-2 (il-2) and interferon g ... | 1994 | 7985763 |
| chromosomal mapping of two loci affecting filarial worm susceptibility in aedes aegypti. | two quantitative trait loci (qtl) affecting susceptibility of the mosquito aedes aegypti to the filarial worm parasite brugia malayi were identified using restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers. the first locus, fsb[1,lf178], resides within a 10 cm interval on chromosome 1 and exhibits a recessive effect with respect to susceptibility. the second locus, fsb[2,lf98], resides within a 9 cm interval on chromosome 2 and exhibits an additive effect on susceptibility. significant epis ... | 1994 | 7987523 |
| location of a lepidopteran specificity region in insecticidal crystal protein cryiia from bacillus thuringiensis. | the bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein cryiia has both high mosquito activity and gypsy moth activity; in contrast cryiib, which is 87% homologous, displays no mosquito activity and has a three-fold lower gypsy moth activity. the regions responsible for specificity against gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) and mosquito (aedes aegypti) larvae were located by introducing mlui and xhoi sites into homologous positions within the putative domain ii of both cryiia and cryiib genes, which ... | 1994 | 7997170 |
| comparative study of hemolymph phenoloxidase activity in aedes aegypti and anopheles quadrimaculatus and its role in encapsulation of brugia malayi microfilariae. | hemolymph phenoloxidase activity of sugar-fed and blood-fed females of anopheles quadrimaculatus and aedes aegypti showed similar characteristics. phenoloxidase was present as an inactive proenzyme in both mosquito species and was partially activated during collection of the hemolymph. in both mosquito species, phenoloxidase activity was modulated by different buffers and activated phenoloxidase did not need ca2+. enzymatic activity was higher in the hemocytes than in the plasma in both mosquito ... | 1994 | 7828033 |
| larvicidal microcystin toxins of cyanobacteria affect midgut epithelial cells of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | 1994 | 7841498 | |
| dengue vector control: present status and future prospects. | dengue fever (df) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) have been the most common urban diseases in southeast asia since the 1950s. more recently, the diseases have spread to central and south america and are now considered as worldwide diseases. both aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are involved in the transmission of df/dhf in southeast asian region. the paper discusses the present status and future prospects of aedes control with reference to the malaysian experience. vector control approache ... | 1994 | 7844836 |
| dengue in the health transition. | the "health transition" describes the medical consequences which accompany the demographic transition and development. in many asian countries, as the infectious diseases of infancy decline, such as diarrhea, acute respiratory disease, measles and malaria, so too, do infant mortality rates. as a consequence of falling infant mortality rates and declines in fertility, the age pyramid has become more rectangular. no longer is nearly half of the population under the age of 15 years. diseases of adu ... | 1994 | 7844846 |
| dengue vector control in the urban environment of taiwan. | an epidemic of dengue occurred in southern taiwan in 1987, and by the end of 1988 there were 10,420 reported cases, of which 60.5% were from kaohsiung municipality. the urbanization and industrialization of the municipality have resulted in a vast increase in the breeding habitats of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti. in the early stage of the epidemic, only space spraying with insecticides was undertaken, but the aedes density gradually increased and reached its peak in the third quarter of 1988 ... | 1994 | 7844847 |
| control of dengue vectors in singapore. | singapore has a well-established system for the surveillance, research and control of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. control of these vectors comes under the jurisdiction of the environmental public health division of the ministry of the environment. the strategy for aedes control is an integrated approach incorporating case detection, source reduction, health education and law enforcement. this is done through the quarantine & epidemiology department (dengue surveillance and research), vec ... | 1994 | 7844848 |
| intersectoral approaches to dengue vector control. | medical entomology in the context of urban vector control, especially for dengue, can be likened to the tail of a dog. vertically structured aedes aegypti campaigns such as run by gorgas and soper earlier this century relied on sufficient legislative backing for vector control to ensure that the tail was capable of wagging the dog. under these conditions, especially where individual rights do not intrude, vertical programs will be successful. the global expansion of dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fe ... | 1994 | 7844851 |
| ecology and control of dengue vector mosquitoes in taiwan. | due to rapid urbanization, industrialization and social changes in recent years, the use of packing materials and tires has dramatically increased in the taiwan area. what is more is that some parts of southern taiwan are short of water resources and water preservation with huge containers becomes part of custom in those areas. storage water containers, waste vessels and tires are good habitats for aedes. meanwhile, some persons traveling to dengue endemic countries bring the dengue disease back ... | 1994 | 7844855 |
| surveillance and control of aedes aegypti in epidemic areas of taiwan. | aedes aegypti is the main, if not the only, vector of dengue fever in taiwan. the dengue epidemics that have occurred in taiwan correlate with the distribution of aedes aegypti which is limited to south of the tropic of cancer. during the 1987 outbreak of dengue fever in taiwan, the average larval density for the months july-december in the five cities and counties of southern taiwan was 2,284 larvae per 100 households. after control measures were taken, the average annual larval density in the ... | 1994 | 7844856 |
| [aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti at ile de la réunion]. | aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti are both found on the island. the former, being the probable vector of dengue on the island, is highly anthropophilic. it breeds in domestic environments as well as in natural breeding sites. the latter has a more restricted distribution and is never anthropophilic. larvae of ae. aegypti are only found in natural habitats, always associated with ae. albopictus, but in small proportions. such an ecology and behaviour for the typicus form of ae. aegypti are abnor ... | 1994 | 7726666 |
| antibacterial peptides in insect vectors of tropical parasitic disease. | the induction and characterization of immune peptides in two groups of medically important insects, the mosquitoes and blackflies, is currently an important research area. mosquitoes transmit a variety of viral and parasitic diseases including yellow fever, dengue, malaria and lymphatic filariasis. simuliid black flies are vectors of river blindness. the diseases are together responsible for death and morbidity in millions of people each year. the relationship between inducible peptides and bact ... | 1994 | 7768149 |