Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| life table study of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in puerto rico fed only human blood versus blood plus sugar. | life table studies were performed in 1996 with aedes aegypti (l.) during the low (cool/dry) and high (hot/rainy) dengue virus transmission seasons in puerto rico. mated adult females from field-collected pupae were placed individually in cages and divided into 2 treatment groups: one was fed only human blood and the other human blood plus a 10% sucrose solution. survival and number of eggs laid were recorded daily for each female. during both seasons, age specific survivorship was higher for the ... | 1998 | 9775613 |
| mono-tetrahydrofuran acetogenins from goniothalamus giganteus. | goniotetracin and a mixture of (2,4-cis and trans)-gonioneninone, new, bioactive, mono-tetrahydrofuran (thf) gamma-lactone and ketolactone acetogenins, were isolated from the bark of goniothalamus giganteus (annonaceae) by activity-directed fractionation using the brine shrimp lethality test (bst). the structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic and chemical methods. their absolute stereochemistries were determined by the advanced mosher ester method. both showed selective and significant ... | 1998 | 9779595 |
| adhesion of plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes to the aedes aegypti midgut: sites of parasite attachment and morphological changes in the ookinete. | plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes adhered to aedes aegypti midgut epithelia when purified ookinetes and isolated midguts were combined in vitro. ookinetes preferentially bound to the microvillated luminal surface of the midgut, and they seemed to interact with three types of structures on the midgut surface. first, they adhered to and migrated through a network-like matrix, which we have termed microvilli-associated network, that covers the surface of the microvilli. this network forms on the lum ... | 1998 | 9783452 |
| eradication of aedes aegypti from a village in vietnam, using copepods and community participation. | in northern vietnam, copepods of the genus mesocyclops were used for biological control of aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue viruses, by inoculation into wells, large cement tanks, ceramic jars, and other domestic containers that served as ae. aegypti breeding sites. the use of mesocyclops was complemented by community participation with respect to recycling to eliminate unused and discarded containers that collected rainwater and provided ae. aegypti breeding sites that could not be ... | 1998 | 9790448 |
| three isoforms of a hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 transcription factor with tissue- and stage-specific expression in the adult mosquito. | we cloned three isoforms of hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 (hnf-4) from the mosquito aedes aegypti, designated aahnf-4a, aahnf-4b, and aahnf-4c. aahnf-4a and aahnf-4b are typical members of the hnf-4 subfamily of nuclear receptors with high amino acid conservation. they differ in n-terminal regions and exhibit distinct developmental profiles in the female mosquito fat body, a metabolic tissue functionally analogous to the vertebrate liver. the aahnf-4b mrna is predominant during the previtellogenic ... | 1998 | 9792695 |
| variable cross-resistance to cry11b from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan in culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) resistant to single or multiple toxins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | a novel mosquitocidal bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan, and one of its toxins, cry11b, in a recombinant b. thuringiensis strain were evaluated for cross-resistance with strains of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus that are resistant to single and multiple toxins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. the levels of cross-resistance (resistance ratios [rr]) at concentrations which caused 95% mortality (lc95) between b. thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan and the different b ... | 1998 | 9797262 |
| human dirofilariasis caused by dirofilaria (nochtiella) repens in sri lanka. | human dirofilariasis due to dirofilaria (nochtiella) repens is a common zoonotic infection in sri lanka. todate 70 cases are on record, and they include 3 expatriates from russia, england and korea, who were undoubtedly infected in sri lanka. around 30-60% of dogs are infected with d. repens in various parts of the country and the mosquito vectors are aedes aegypti, armigeres subalbatus, mansonia uniformis and m. annulifera. unlike in other countries of the old world infection is most common in ... | 1997 | 9802095 |
| [the performance of the aedes aegypti eradication program in 2 towns of ciudad de la habana province, 1990-1992]. | it is made a comparative analysis of the behaviour of the aedes aegypti eradication program in two municipalities of havana city with different characteristics during 1990-1992. the results show that in both municipalities the recipients with the highest positivity to mosquitoes were the following categories: other deposits, artificial deposits, and low tanks, followed by a second group that included tubs, tires, and larva tramps. the positivity of the larva tramps was observed in both municipal ... | 1996 | 9805046 |
| [the effect of abiotic factors on the incidence of aedes aegypti in the town of 10 de octobre, ciudad de la habana province, 1982-1992]. | an analysis of the relation among the quantity of focuses of aedes aegypti, the rains and the temperatures in rainy and dry periods from 1982 to 1992 in 10 de octubre municipe, at city of havana, was carried out. no correlation was found between the number of focuses and the rains occurred in both seasons, and it was just the same between the number of focuses and temperatures. thus, emphasis is made in the need for a strong surveillance along all year. | 1995 | 9805076 |
| biosynthesis of aedes aegypti lipophorin and gene expression of its apolipoproteins. | the biosynthesis of lipophorin of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, was investigated. fat bodies were incubated in vitro with radiolabeled methionine and cysteine, and radiolabeled proteins secreted into the medium were analyzed by density gradient ultracentrifugation, sds-page and fluorography. lipophorin was synthesized in the fat body and secreted into the medium. its density was 1.114 g/ml, similar to that of lipophorin circulating in hemolymph. three peptides of a tryptic digest of ... | 1998 | 9807220 |
| presence of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) in the genome of arabidopsis thaliana: characterisation of the emigrant family of elements. | although the genome of arabidopsis thaliana has a small amount of repetitive dna, it contains representatives of most classes of mobile elements. however, to date, no miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (mite) has been described in this plant. here, we describe a new family of repeated sequences that we have named emigrant, which are dispersed in the genome of arabidopsis and fulfil all the requirements of mites. these sequences are short, at-rich, have terminal inverted repeats (tirs ... | 1998 | 9807830 |
| an experimental study on the detection of fructose in aedes aegypti. | male and female aedes aegypti fed a 10% sucrose solution and/or blood were tested to determine the duration of fructose detection in their bodies and the volume of sugar solution they ingested. the limit of detection of fructose by the cold anthrone test was investigated in a series of experiments. results were applied to the interpretation of sugar feeding by ae. aegypti collected inside houses in puerto rico during times of low (cool season) and high (hot season) dengue transmission in 1996. w ... | 1998 | 9813818 |
| potency of products based on bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis: interlaboratory variations. | six quality-control laboratories in 4 countries independently bioassayed aliquots of a flowable formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) against the international standard powder ips-82. all laboratories substantially followed world health organization or u.s. department of agriculture standard protocols. significant differences were found in resulting potency values between laboratories. factors that may have influenced results, such as age, stage, and strain of larvae us ... | 1998 | 9813828 |
| dengue: a literature review and case study of travelers from the united states, 1986-1994. | dengue fever is an acute, mosquito-transmitted viral disease characterized by fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, rash, nausea, and vomiting. infections are caused by any of four virus serotypes (den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4). the incidence of dengue is increasing in most tropical areas throughout the world (fig. 1). although dengue is not endemic in the continental united states, hawaii, or alaska, more than 500 laboratory-positive cases of introduced dengue were reported from 1977 through ... | 1997 | 9815484 |
| mesocyclops longisetus effects on survivorship of aedes aegypti immature stages in car tyres. | the effect of the introduction of the entomophagous copepod mesocyclops longisetus (acuacultura f.c.b. strain) on the survival of aedes aegypti immature stages in car tyres was evaluated under semi-natural conditions in the municipality of merida, yucatan, mexico. life tables were constructed for the immature stages of the mosquito in the presence and absence of m. longisetus, and the survival data were compared using log-linear models. the data set was adjusted using the glim statistical packag ... | 1998 | 9824822 |
| dengue outbreak associated with multiple serotypes--puerto rico, 1998. | dengue is an acute viral disease caused by any of the four dengue virus serotypes (den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4). the principal mosquito vector is aedes aegypti, which has a worldwide distribution in tropical and many subtropical areas. all four virus serotypes produce a similar illness characterized by fever, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, rash, nausea and vomiting and induce life-long immunity that is specific to the infecting serotype. a small proportion of infected persons may develop th ... | 1998 | 9832472 |
| putative dengue virus receptors from mosquito cells. | dengue viruses are arthropod-borne, single-stranded rna viruses. aëdes aegypti and aëdes albopictus are the principal vectors. in order to understand the molecular basis of dengue virus infections we explored the biochemical identity of dengue-2 (den-2) virus receptors in the aëdes albopictus-derived cell line c6/36. we show here that den-2 interacts with two major polypeptides of 80 and 67 kda. polyclonal anti-c6/36 membrane antibodies block den-2 binding to intact c6/36 monolayers as well as t ... | 1998 | 9835036 |
| larval rearing water and preexisting eggs influence oviposition by aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | two-choice laboratory bioassays were used to evaluate oviposition responses of gravid aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus (skuse) to larval rearing water and eggs from prior egg deposition. oviposition responses by female ae. aegypti were similar between larval water from ae. aegypti and water controls but significantly greater to larval water from ae. albopictus (12.2%) compared with water controls. oviposition by ae. albopictus females increased significantly in response to larval water from ... | 1998 | 9835684 |
| [pathogenic effect of the nematode parasite romanomermis iyengari(nematoda: mermithidae) in aedes aegypti mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae) under laboratory conditions in the state of oaxaca, mexico]. | laboratory tests with waters from aedes aegypti linneaus (1762) breeding places were made to determine the pathogenic effect of the mermithid nematode romanomermis iyengari welch 1964 in mosquito larvae of this species. according to the results obtained, the administration of a dosage of 10:1 (10 preparasitics per mosquito larvae) showed levels of parasitism of 90, 93, 91, and 85% in mosquito larvae in the i, ii, iii, and iv stage, respectively. with the highest dosage of 20:1 (20 preparasitics ... | 1998 | 9842260 |
| the genome of melanoplus sanguinipes entomopoxvirus. | the family poxviridae contains two subfamilies: the entomopoxvirinae (poxviruses of insects) and the chordopoxvirinae (poxviruses of vertebrates). here we present the first characterization of the genome of an entomopoxvirus (epv) which infects the north american migratory grasshopper melanoplus sanguinipes and other important orthopteran pests. the 236-kbp m. sanguinipes epv (msepv) genome consists of a central coding region bounded by 7-kbp inverted terminal repeats and contains 267 open readi ... | 1999 | 9847359 |
| determinants of dengue 2 infection among residents of charters towers, queensland, australia. | dengue fever is caused by one of the four serotypes of the dengue virus and is transmitted by the urban mosquito aedes aegypti. in 1993, the city of charters towers in the tropical north of australia experienced an epidemic caused by the dengue 2 virus. a cross-sectional sample of 1,000 people was assessed for determinants of recent symptomatic dengue infection. after exclusion of people with prior exposure to dengue 2, a study group of 797 persons, including 196 patients with recent infection, ... | 1998 | 9850134 |
| yellow fever outbreak in kaffrine, senegal 1996: epidemiological and entomological findings. | in november 1996 a yellow fever (yf) outbreak occurred near kaffrine in the central part of senegal. thirty-six deaths were notified, all children under 15 years of age. the yf diagnosis was confirmed by mac-elisa or by virus isolation. the immune status against yf virus of a sample population of 449 individuals was determined, and 31 confirmed cases and 69 asymptomatic cases were reported. distribution of yf cases and incidence rate decreased with age, while the attack rate was stable in all ag ... | 1998 | 9855398 |
| [indication and identification of california serogroup viruses in experimentally infected ae. aegypti mosquitos by a lanthanum immunofluorescent analysis method]. | the sensitivity and specificity of lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay (lfia) and enzyme immunoassay (eia) for indication and identification of california antigens in suspensions of infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes are compared. the sensitivity of lfia was 2.3 ig tcd50/ml, eia was less sensitive and detected virus antigens in mosquito suspensions at infective titer of 4.1 ig tcd50/ml. if a pool contained mosquitoes infected with different california viruses, they could be identified only at the level ... | 1998 | 9864828 |
| aedes aegypti in tucson, arizona. | 0 | 9866754 | |
| molecular interactions between vestigial and scalloped promote wing formation in drosophila. | scalloped (sd) and vestigial (vg) are each needed for drosophila wing development. we show that sd is required for vg function and that altering their relative cellular levels inhibits wing formation. in vitro, vg binds directly to both sd and its human homolog, transcription enhancer factor-1. the interaction domains map to a small region of vg that is essential for vg-mediated gene activation and to the carboxy-terminal half of sd. our observations indicate that vg and sd function coordinately ... | 1998 | 9869635 |
| pathogenic action of penicillium species on mosquito vectors of human tropical diseases. | in vitro bioassays were performed in order to assess the pathogenicity of 13 penicillium strains in 2nd stage larvae of aedes aegypti, aedes fluviatilis, anopheles aquasalis and culex quinquefasciatus. mortality rates began in the first 24 hours, ranging from 0 to 100%. p. corylophilum, p. fellutanum, p. implicatum, p. janthinellum, p. viridicatum and p. waksmanii species tested on aedes aegypti larvae and at different concentrations presented mortality rates from 0 to 6.6%. these species, when ... | 1998 | 9871331 |
| [natural features of oviposition of culex (melanoconion) group pilosus (diptera: culicidae)]. | eggs of culex (melanoconion) grupo pilosus were found in three oviposition traps set in the toilet of a bus station in joinville city, state of santa catarina, brazil, during a surveillance study of aedes aegypti. the intrinsic characteristic of group oviposition not directly on the water was confirmed. | 1998 | 9876429 |
| isolation and characterization of brush border membrane vesicles from whole aedes aegypti larvae. | studies of the binding interactions of dipteran-specific bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins are hindered by the lengthy midgut dissection procedure needed for preparation of brush border membrane vesicles. in an attempt to resolve this problem, brush border membrane vesicles were isolated from homogenates of whole aedes aegypti larvae by a modification of the method of macintosh et al. (1994). these preparations were found to resolve well on sds-page and appeared as spherical vesicles of va ... | 1999 | 9878289 |
| toxicity and receptor binding properties of a bacillus thuringiensis cryic toxin active against both lepidoptera and diptera. | this study describes an investigation into the relationship among toxicity, specificity, and binding of cryic delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai hd-229. in vivo bioassays of larvae using inclusions (aedes aegypti) or solubilized toxin (spodoptera littoralis, spodoptera exigua, spodoptera frugiperda, and manduca sexta) revealed that cryic was toxic to both dipteran and lepidopteran larvae. in vitro saturation binding assays with cryic toxin labeled in vivo with [35s]me ... | 1999 | 9878290 |
| [the aedes aegypti eradication program: useless, hazardous (and wasteful, in addition)]. | 1998 | 9878922 | |
| olfactory responses and field attraction of mosquitoes to volatiles from limburger cheese and human foot odor. | olfactory responses of female aedes aegypti (linnaeus) to various odor stimuli were studied in a dual-port olfactometer. responses (i.e., the percent of ca. 75 available female mosquitoes in flight chamber entering each olfactometer port) were studied toward clean conditioned air (control), human foot skin emanations (collected on socks by wearing them for three days), human hand, and limburger cheese. mean percent response was greatest to the human hand (80.1%), followed by the human worn sock ... | 1998 | 9879074 |
| the anterior and posterior 'stomach' regions of larval aedes aegypti midgut: regional specialization of ion transport and stimulation by 5-hydroxytryptamine. | the 'stomach' region of the larval mosquito midgut is divided into histologically distinct anterior and posterior regions. anterior stomach perfused symmetrically with saline in vitro had an initial transepithelial potential (tep) of -66 mv (lumen negative) that decayed within 10-15 min to a steady-state tep near -10 mv that was maintained for at least 1 h. lumen-positive teps were never observed in the anterior stomach. the initial tep of the perfused posterior stomach was opposite in polarity, ... | 1999 | 9882637 |
| the effect of temperature and humidity on dengue virus propagation in aedes aegypti mosquitos. | the effect of temperature and relative humidity on dengue virus propagation in the mosquito as one of the possible contributing factors to dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) outbreaks was studied. ae. aegypti mosquitos were reared under standard conditions and inoculated intrathoracically with dengue virus. virus propagation in the mosquitos was determined at the temperature and relative humidity of all 3 seasons of yangon and for the simulated temperature and relative humidity of singapore. the vir ... | 1998 | 9886113 |
| quantitative genetics of vector competence for dengue-2 virus in aedes aegypti. | a quantitative genetic study of the ability of aedes aegypti to propagate dengue-2 (den-2) virus in the midgut and in a disseminated infection in the head was conducted with a standard half-sib breeding design. aedes aegypti aegypti and a. aegypti formosus differ markedly in oral susceptibility to den-2 virus. mosquitoes were orally infected and, after an extrinsic incubation period of 14 days, virus titer (by tissue culture infectious dose, 50% endpoint) was determined in the midgut (mt) and he ... | 1998 | 9886207 |
| vitelline envelope genes of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | vitelline envelope genes from the mosquito aedes aegypti were analyzed with respect to their dna sequences, genomic representation, temporal and spatial expression profiles and response to 20-hydroxyecdysone. genomic clones of three vitelline envelope genes, 15a-1, 15a-2 and 15a-3 were isolated. southern analysis indicates that all three genes are represented by a single copy in the genome. the deduced amino acid sequences of all three vitelline envelope genes contain a conserved region of 46 re ... | 1998 | 9887508 |
| biochemical analysis of a blood meal-induced aedes aegypti glutamine synthetase gene. | glutamine synthetase (gs) in the mosquito, aedes aegypti, is induced in the midgut following a blood meal. mosquito gs message is detected as soon as 1 h post-blood feeding and remains stable for 18 h. using a pcr product encoding mosquito gs, a lambda gt10 adult female mosquito cdna library was screened. a cdna clone, pcl5a2, encoding the full translation product of mosquito gs was isolated and sequence analyses performed. mosquito gs cdna is 2.5 kb in length and its putative translation produc ... | 1998 | 9887510 |
| pictorial key to the common indian species of aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes. | the paper provides a simple pictorial key to differentiate common stegomyia species found in urban areas. this key will help medical officers and paramedical staff in demarcating the areas of influence of aedes aegypti within a dengue surveillance area. | 1998 | 9914681 |
| goniotriocin and (2,4-cis- and -trans)-xylomaticinones, bioactive annonaceous acetogenins from goniothalamus giganteus. | goniotricin (1) and a mixture of (2,4-cis and -trans)-xylomaticinones (2), new bioactive annonaceous acetogenins, were isolated from the bark of goniothalamus giganteus (annonaceae) by activity-directed fractionation using the brine shrimp lethality test. compound 1 is the first nonadjacent ring-hydroxylated bis-tetrahydrofuran (thf) acetogenin to be reported. compound 2 is the cis- and trans-ketolactone mixture of xylomaticin, a known compound whose absolute stereochemistry has not been previou ... | 1999 | 9917277 |
| mosquito-plasmodium interactions in response to immune activation of the vector. | during the development of plasmodium sp. within the mosquito midgut, the parasite undergoes a series of developmental changes. the elongated ookinete migrates through the layers of the midgut where it forms the oocyst under the basal lamina. we demonstrate here that if aedes aegypti or anopheles gambiae, normally susceptible to plasmodium gallinaceum and p. berghei, respectively, are immune activated by the injection of bacteria into the hemocoel, and subsequently are fed on an infectious bloodm ... | 1999 | 9920043 |
| analysis of human skin emanations by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 1. thermal desorption of attractants for the yellow fever mosquito (aedes aegypti) from handled glass beads. | handled glass has the ability to collect and concentrate nonaqueous human skin emanations while minimizing the collection of aqueous perspiration. compounds originating from the skin and collected on glass have previously been found to attract the aedes aegypti species of mosquito. therefore, glass beads were used as the medium to collect skin emanations from humans for subsequent chemical analysis. this process consisted of a 5-15-min collection of sample on glass beads, followed by loading the ... | 1999 | 9921122 |
| experimental infection of culex (culex) quinquefasciatus and aedes (stegomyia) aegypti with wuchereria bancrofti. | a study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of local strains of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti to infection with the strain of wuchereria bancrofti that occurs in maceió. state of alagoas, brazil. cx. quinquefasciatus blood fed simultaneously on the same microfilariae carrier ingested more blood and 2-3x more microfilariae than ae. aegypti. survival rates of both species of insects living for 21 days after blood feeding on microfilaraemic patients were not significantly diffe ... | 1998 | 9921316 |
| spatial distribution of insecticide resistance in caribbean populations of aedes aegypti and its significance. | to monitor resistance to insecticides, bioassays were performed on 102 strains of the dengue vector aedes aegypti (l.) from 16 countries ranging from suriname in south america and through the chain of caribbean islands to the bahamas, where the larvicide temephos and the adulticide malathion have been in use for 15 to 30 years. there was wide variation in the sensitivity to the larvicide in mosquito populations within and among countries. mosquito strains in some countries such as antigua, st. l ... | 1998 | 9924507 |
| lethal effect of rickettsia rickettsii on its tick vector (dermacentor andersoni). | rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of rocky mountain spotted fever, was lethal for the majority of experimentally and transovarially infected rocky mountain wood ticks (dermacentor andersoni). overall, 94.1% of nymphs infected as larvae by feeding on rickettsemic guinea pigs died during the molt into adults and 88. 3% of adult female ticks infected as nymphs died prior to feeding. in contrast, only 2.8% of uninfected larvae failed to develop into adults over two generations. infected fem ... | 1999 | 9925615 |
| molecular cloning and expression of two hexamerin cdnas from the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | fourth-instar larvae of aedes aegypti synthesize two types of hexamerins, hexamerin-1 (aahex-1) and hexamerin-2 (aahex-2), whose subunits are distinguished by different methionine and aromatic amino acid contents. in early female pupae only the methionine-rich aahex-1gamma subunit accumulates to two-fold higher levels than in males. to investigate the relationship between hexamerin structure and the roles of hex-1 and hex-2 during mosquito development and reproduction, we have cloned and sequenc ... | 1999 | 9927174 |
| insect immunity: molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of cdnas and genomic dna encoding three isoforms of insect defensin in aedes aegypti. | aedes aegypti were immune activated by injection with bacteria, and the expression of insect defensins was measured over time. northern analyses indicated that defensin transcriptional activity continued for at least 21 days after bacterial injection, and up to 10 days after saline inoculation. mature defensin levels in the haemolymph reached approximately 45 microm at 24 h post inoculation. cdnas encoding the preprodefensins of three previously described mature ae. aegypti defensins were amplif ... | 1999 | 9927179 |
| precise excision and transposition of piggybac in pink bollworm embryos. | transposable elements such as p, hobo, hermes, mariner and minos have been successfully harnessed as gene vectors to achieve the transformation of several dipteran species including drosophila melanogaster, ceratitis capitata and aedes aegypti. plasmid-based excision and transposition assays have been useful indicators of an element's ability to be mobilized in vivo and thus potentially serve as a transforming vector. we report that the transposable element piggybac is capable of precise excisio ... | 1999 | 9927180 |
| [utilization of the waste of sisal industry in the control of mosquito larvae]. | the aim of this research was to utilize the waste residues of sisal fiber separation from agave sisalana leaves to develop a larvicide for the combat of mosquito transmitting tropical diseases. larvae of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus were exposed to different concentrations of the agave extract for 24 hours to determine lethal concentrations. the lc50 for a. aegypti was 322 ppm and the lc50 for c. quinquefasciatus was 183 ppm. to detect the active substances, saponins were investigate ... | 2006 | 9927821 |
| plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes adhere specifically to the midgut epithelium of aedes aegypti by interaction with a carbohydrate ligand. | during the course of its development in the mosquito and transmission to a new vertebrate host, the malaria parasite must interact with the mosquito midgut and invade the gut epithelium. to investigate how the parasite recognizes the midgut before invasion, we have developed an in vitro adhesion assay based on combining fluorescently labelled ookinetes with isolated midgut epithelia from blood-fed mosquitoes. using this assay, we found that plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes readily adhered to mid ... | 1999 | 9929452 |
| promoter-directed expression of recombinant fire-fly luciferase in the salivary glands of hermes-transformed aedes aegypti. | molecular genetic analyses of biological properties characteristic of insect vectors of disease, such as hematophagy and competence for pathogens, require the ability to isolate and characterize genes involved in these processes. we have been working to develop molecular approaches for studying the promoter function of genes that are expressed specifically in the adult salivary glands of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. genomic dna fragments containing cis-acting promoter elements from ... | 1999 | 9931506 |
| comparative linkage maps for the mosquitoes (culex pipiens and aedes aegypti) based on common rflp loci. | we report construction of a comparative linkage map for the mosquito (culex pipiens) based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) using cdna clones from aedes aegypti as probes to southern blots of cx. pipiens genomic dna. seventy-one cdna clones were screened for hybridization and genetic diversity among three cx. pipiens strains. fifty-two of 71 cdna clones, isolated from and previously mapped in ae. aegypti (73.2%), were hybridized under high-stringency conditions with cx. pipie ... | 1999 | 9987925 |
| the identification of markers segregating with resistance to schistosoma mansoni infection in the snail biomphalaria glabrata. | both snail and parasite genes determine the susceptibility of the snail biomphalaria glabrata to infection with the trematode schistosoma mansoni. to identify molecular markers associated with resistance to the parasite in the snail host, we performed genetic crosses between parasite-resistant and -susceptible isogenic snails. because resistance to infection in adult snails is controlled by a single locus, dna samples from individual f2 and f1 backcross progeny, segregating for either the resist ... | 1999 | 9990054 |
| trapping cdnas encoding secreted proteins from the salivary glands of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | the signal sequence trap method was used to isolate cdnas corresponding to proteins containing secretory leader peptides and whose genes are expressed specifically in the salivary glands of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. fifteen unique cdna fragments, ranging in size from 150 to 550 bp, were isolated and sequenced in a first round of immunoscreening in cos-7 cells. all but one of the cdnas contained putative signal sequences at their 5' ends, suggesting that they were likely to encode sec ... | 1999 | 9990055 |
| scientists try new strategy to eradicate dengue fever. | in a bid to reduce the risk of dengue fever in parts of vietnam, the australian foundation for the peoples of asia and the pacific, an aid organization, recently completed a 3-year program using the mesocyclops crustacean, an organism about 1 mm long which eats the larvae of mosquitos which transmit dengue fever. the program appears to eradicated the larvae from the northern vietnamese province of phan boi, and there was a 75% success rate in other provinces. the queensland institute of medical ... | 0 | 10037618 |
| mechanisms of arthropod transmission of plant and animal viruses. | a majority of the plant-infecting viruses and many of the animal-infecting viruses are dependent upon arthropod vectors for transmission between hosts and/or as alternative hosts. the viruses have evolved specific associations with their vectors, and we are beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms that regulate the virus transmission process. a majority of plant viruses are carried on the cuticle lining of a vector's mouthparts or foregut. this initially appeared to be simple mechanical ... | 0 | 10066833 |
| amounts of glycogen, lipid, and sugar in adult female aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) fed sucrose. | we examined the amount of glycogen, lipid, and sugar in small and large female ae. aegypti (l.) that were fed different concentrations of sucrose. replicate groups of laboratory-reared teneral females (< or = 1 d old) were allowed to feed ad libidum on a 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% sucrose solution, and total glycogen, lipids, and sugars were assayed at 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after exposure to sugar. mosquitoes fed sugar increased nutrient levels with time. the pattern of accumulation was significantl ... | 1999 | 10071486 |
| utilization of human blood and sugar as nutrients by female aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | we examined the utilization of sugar and human blood as nutrient sources for small and large female aedes aegypti (l.) when they were fed blood 2 or 5 d after emergence. laboratory-reared mosquitoes were fed human blood alone or sugar plus human blood and assayed at 4, 12, 24, and 48 h after the blood meal. starved and well-fed mosquitoes were obtained by holding teneral females (< or = 1 d old) with 0, 5, 10, and 15% sucrose solutions ad libidum from emergence. both small and large mosquitoes i ... | 1999 | 10071487 |
| partitioning of glycogen, lipid, and sugar in ovaries and body remnants of female aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) fed human blood. | we examined the accumulation of glycogen, lipid, and sugar obtained from a human blood meal for egg development and body energy reserves by small and large female aedes aegypti (l.). small and large mosquitoes were fed a single meal of human blood on day 2 after emergence. mosquitoes were collected at 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after blood feeding and ovaries and body remnants were separated by dissection and then assayed. large mosquitoes had greater reserves than small mosquitoes. mosquitoes depo ... | 1999 | 10071488 |
| differences in energy metabolism and adult desiccation resistance among three aedes (stegomyia) species (diptera: culicidae) from south sulawesi, indonesia. | to determine the mechanisms of adult desiccation resistance of aedes (stegomyia) species, we estimated the carbohydrate and lipid contents of newly emerged adult mosquitoes from south sulawesi, indonesia. inter- and intraspecific differences in glycogen and free fatty acid accumulation were found in aedes aegypti (l.), ae. albopictus (skuse), and ae. paullusi (stone & farmer). high glycogen content was determined for both sexes in all ae. aegypti strains and in the ujung pandang strain of ae. al ... | 1999 | 10071500 |
| variation in oral susceptibility to dengue type 2 virus of populations of aedes aegypti from the islands of tahiti and moorea, french polynesia. | twenty three samples of aedes aegypti populations from the islands of tahiti and moorea (french polynesia) were tested for their oral susceptibility to dengue type 2 virus. the high infection rates obtained suggest that the artificial feeding protocol used was more efficient than those previously described. statistical analysis of the results allowed us to define two distinct geographic areas on tahiti with respect to the susceptibility of ae. aegypti: the east coast, with homogeneous infection ... | 1999 | 10072154 |
| replication of dengue type 2 virus in culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | we were able to infect culex quinquefasciatus by the parenteral route with dengue virus type 2. the percentage of mosquitoes infected was dose dependent and we obtained a rate of 45.6% infected cx. quinquefasciatus when a 10(5.9) mid50 (mosquito infectious dose for 50% of the individuals as measured in aedes aegypti) of dengue virus type 2 per mosquito was used. infection was detected by an immunofluorescent assay performed on mosquito head squashes 14 days after infection. the replication of de ... | 1999 | 10072159 |
| gene targeting in the silkworm by use of a baculovirus. | the bombyx mori fibroin light (l)-chain gene was cloned and the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene inserted into exon 7. the chimeric l-chain-gfp gene was used to replace the polyhedrin gene of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acnpv). this recombinant virus was used to target the l-chain-gfp gene to the l-chain region of the silkworm genome. female moths were infected with the recombinant virus and then mated with normal male moths. genomic dna from their progenies was screened for ... | 1999 | 10072379 |
| efficient expression of mosquito-larvicidal proteins in a gram-negative bacterium capable of recolonization in the guts of anopheles dirus larva. | the gram-negative bacterium, an11/2 g1, isolated from the guts of anopheles dirus mosquito larvae, was identified as enterobacter amnigenus. the e. amnigenus was able to recolonize in the gut of an. dirus larva but not in those of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae. it was able to float in water for a longer period than bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus. these are desirable characteristics for a delivery vehicle of mosquito-larvicidal toxins for the c ... | 1999 | 10077823 |
| absence of impact of aerial malathion treatment on aedes aegypti during a dengue outbreak in kingston, jamaica. | during an outbreak of dengue fever in jamaica from october to december 1995, a study was carried out to determine the impact of aerial ultra-low volume malathion treatment on adult aedes aegypti. this was done by monitoring oviposition rates of the vector in three urban communities in kingston and by exposing caged mosquitoes both directly and indirectly to the aerial malathion treatment. the insecticide was delivered at a rate of 219 ml/ha between 7:10 a.m. and 8:45 a.m. the results of the stud ... | 1999 | 10079743 |
| mosquito feeding modulates th1 and th2 cytokines in flavivirus susceptible mice: an effect mimicked by injection of sialokinins, but not demonstrated in flavivirus resistant mice. | culex pipiens and aedes aegypti mosquitoes were fed on c3h/hej mice and systemic cytokine production was quantified from stimulated lymphocytes harvested four to ten days after feeding. mosquito feeding on c3h/hej mice significantly down regulated ifn gamma production seven to ten days post feeding by cx. pipiens and seven days after ae aegypti feeding. th2 cytokines, il-4 and il-10, were significantly up regulated 4-7 days after cx. pipiens and ae. aegypti feeding. the immunosuppressive effect ... | 1999 | 10081770 |
| possibilities of long-term protection against blood-sucking insects and ticks. | insecticidal and repellent properties and residual action of permethrin and deltamethrin and two commercial preparations peripel 55 and permanone were investigated under laboratory and field conditions. the tests were conducted on ticks, mosquitoes and houseflies. permethrin in concentrations of 0.036-2.276 mg.m-2 caused 90-100% mortality and deltamethrin in concentrations of 0.012-0.75 mg.m-2 induced 78-100% mortality in ticks after 24 hrs exposure (table 1). good repellent properties of the pr ... | 1999 | 10084018 |
| relative efficacy of synthetic pyrethroid-impregnated fabrics against mosquitoes under laboratory conditions. | the efficacy of synthetic pyrethroid-impregnated fabrics was evaluated against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus, under laboratory conditions. results revealed that delta-methrin was significantly superior in comparison to lambdacyhalothrin and cyfluthrin. results of bioassay tests revealed that deltamethrin was 1.5 and 1.9 times more effective than lambdacyhalothrin and cyfluthrin, respectively, against an. stephensi exposed to cotton fabric treated at 100 g/m2. del ... | 1998 | 10084134 |
| bacterial control of mosquito larvae: investigation of stability of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus standard powders. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus products were assayed against their respective reference powders ips82 and sph88. since their production in 1982 and 1988, the potency and larvicidal activity of these standard powders have been regularly checked on their test insects aedes aegypti (for ips82) or culex pipiens (for sph88). over the 16-year evaluation period of ips82 and 10-year evaluation period of sph88, their potencies were considered stable. the global mean of ea ... | 1998 | 10084145 |
| isolation and identification of three rfamide-immunoreactive peptides from the mosquito aedes aegypti. | three rfamide-immunoreactive peptides were isolated from headless aedes aegypti mosquitoes. their structures were identified by edman degradation or a combination of amino acid composition analysis and mass spectrometry to be: aedes head peptide 1 [23], [pro4]-aedes head peptide (i.e., pglu-arg-pro-pro-ser-leu-lys-thr- arg-phe-amide), and leu-lys-thr-arg-phe-amide which have been named aedes head peptides 3 and 4, respectively. | 1999 | 10098621 |
| microbiology of the oil fly, helaeomyia petrolei. | helaeomyia petrolei larvae isolated from the asphalt seeps of rancho la brea in los angeles, calif., were examined for microbial gut contents. standard counts on luria-bertani, macconkey, and blood agar plates indicated ca. 2 x 10(5) heterotrophic bacteria per larva. the culturable bacteria represented 15 to 20% of the total population as determined by acridine orange staining. the gut itself contained large amounts of the oil, had no observable ceca, and maintained a slightly acidic ph of 6.3 t ... | 1999 | 10103240 |
| behavioural mode of action of deet: inhibition of lactic acid attraction. | using the mosquito aedes aegypti in a novel olfactometer that measures movement towards and away from a stimulus, we could not confirm that 'deet' is a repellent of mosquitoes. in the absence of a host, deet was an attractant and in the presence of a host, it was an inhibitor of attraction. this inhibition occurred in the gaseous phase and was therefore not the result of the physical properties of deet. we determined that l-lactic acid, a component of human sweat that is an attractant to mosquit ... | 1999 | 10194755 |
| packaging of aednv-gfp transducing virus by expression of densovirus structural proteins from a sindbis virus expression system. | genetic recombination resulting in the production of wild-type infectious virus is an obstacle in the current system for producing densovirus transducing particles. in order to eliminate this problem, a double subgenomic sindbis virus (te/3'2j/vp) was engineered that expresses the structural proteins (vps) of aedes densonucleosis virus (aednv) from the second subgenomic promoter. expression of aednv vps from te/3'2j/vp was confirmed by northern analysis of rna from infected c6/36 (aedes albopict ... | 1999 | 10208920 |
| transduction of aedes aegypti mosquitoes with vectors derived from aedes densovirus. | aedes densovirus (aednv)-based constructs that express green fluorescent protein (gfp) from either the p7 or the p61 promoter were made. the construct in which gfp protein was expressed as a fusion protein to the c-terminus of ns1 (ns1-gfp) showed the highest level of gfp expression. this hybrid ns1-gfp protein preserved the biological functions of the parental proteins: it showed gfp fluorescence, it stimulated expression from the virus promoters, and it facilitated rescue and replication of th ... | 1999 | 10208921 |
| vesicular atpase-overexpressing cells determine the distribution of malaria parasite oocysts on the midguts of mosquitoes. | in plasmodium-infected mosquitoes, oocysts are preferentially located at the posterior half of the posterior midgut. because mosquitoes rest vertically after feeding, the effect of gravity on the ingested blood has been proposed as the cause of such a biased distribution. in this paper, we examined the oocyst distribution on the midguts of mosquitoes that were continuously rotated to nullify the effect of gravity and found that the typical pattern of oocyst distribution did not change. invasion ... | 1999 | 10212245 |
| antagonism between cry1ac1 and cyt1a1 toxins of bacillus thuringiensis | most strains of the insecticidal bacterium bacillus thuringiensis have a combination of different protoxins in their parasporal crystals. some of the combinations clearly interact synergistically, like the toxins present in b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. in this paper we describe a novel joint activity of toxins from different strains of b. thuringiensis. in vitro bioassays in which we used pure, trypsin-activated cry1ac1 proteins from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, cyt1a1 from b. thuri ... | 1999 | 10223999 |
| mosquito cathepsin b-like protease involved in embryonic degradation of vitellin is produced as a latent extraovarian precursor. | here we report identification of a novel member of the thiol protease superfamily in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. it is synthesized and secreted as a latent proenzyme in a sex-, stage-, and tissue-specific manner by the fat body, an insect metabolic tissue, of female mosquitoes during vitellogenesis in response to blood feeding. the secreted, hemolymph form of the enzyme is a large molecule, likely a hexamer, consisting of 44-kda subunits. the deduced amino acid sequence of this 44- ... | 1999 | 10224092 |
| dengue virus structural differences that correlate with pathogenesis. | the understanding of dengue virus pathogenesis has been hampered by the lack of in vitro and in vivo models of disease. the study of viral factors involved in the production of severe dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf), versus the more common dengue fever (df), have been limited to indirect clinical and epidemiologic associations. in an effort to identify viral determinants of dhf, we have developed a method for comparing dengue type 2 genomes (reverse transcriptase pcr in six fragments) dir ... | 1999 | 10233934 |
| a cell surface mucin specifically expressed in the midgut of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | an invertebrate intestinal mucin gene, agmuc1, was isolated from the malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae. the predicted 122-residue protein consists of a central core of seven repeating ttttvap motifs flanked by hydrophobic n- and c-terminal domains. this structure is similar to that of mucins that coat the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi. northern blot analysis indicated that the gene is expressed exclusively in the midgut of adult mosquitoes. a length polymorphism and in situ hybrid ... | 1999 | 10318932 |
| increase in the size of the amino acid pool is sufficient to activate translation of early trypsin mrna in aedes aegypti midgut. | early trypsin is a female-specific protease present in the midgut of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti during the first 4-6 h after ingestion of a blood meal. transcription of the early trypsin gene occurs after adult emergence under control of juvenile hormone, but the transcript remains untranslated before feeding. early trypsin was in vitro translated using mrna extracted from midguts of unfed and fed females, indicating that there are not structural features in the early trypsin mrna t ... | 1999 | 10319437 |
| seasonal prevalence of anopheles stephensi larvae and existence of two forms of the species in an urban garden in calcutta city. | a study on the occurrence and seasonal prevalence of anopheles stephensi (principal vector of malaria in calcutta) larvae in an urban garden in central calcutta revealed their presence in collections of fresh and/or rain water in various kinds of temporary and permanent breeding habitats. breeding sites in shady areas were preferred in comparison to those receiving direct sunlight. the density of an. stephensi larvae was highest in earthen and lowest in wooden pots throughout the study period, a ... | 1998 | 10319556 |
| efficacy of neem oil-water emulsion against mosquito immatures. | neem oil-water emulsion was used in mosquito breeding habitats to find out its larvicidal effect on immatures of different mosquito species. application of 5% neem oil-water emulsion @ 50 ml/sq m in pools and @ 100 ml/sq m in tanks resulted in 100% reduction of iii and iv instar larvae of an. stephensi after 24 h while, against cx. quinquefasciatus it was 51.6 and 91.2% reduction in the larval density after day 1 and 14 respectively. similarly, application of 10% emulsion in desert coolers again ... | 1998 | 10319557 |
| influence of odour plume structure on upwind flight of mosquitoes towards hosts | both the concentration and the fine-scale plume structure of host odours influence the upwind flight of female mosquitoes aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) in a wind tunnel. the attractive effects of carbon dioxide, human skin odour and l-(+)-lactic acid were tested in homogeneous, turbulent and filamentous odour plumes. with carbon dioxide, the percentage of upwind-flying mosquitoes increased with the increasing fluctuations in concentration that occur in turbulent and filamentous plumes. ... | 1999 | 10333509 |
| oxidation of 3-hydroxykynurenine to produce xanthommatin for eye pigmentation: a major branch pathway of tryptophan catabolism during pupal development in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | this study concerns the metabolic pathways of 3-hydroxykynurenine in aedes aegypti mosquitoes during development with emphasis on its oxidation pathway to produce xanthommatin during eye pigmentation. oxidation of tryptophan to 3-hydroxykynurenine is the major pathway of tryptophan catabolism in aedes aegypti, but 3-hydroxykynurenine oxidizes easily under physiological conditions, which stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species. our data show that in aedes aegypti, the chemically react ... | 1999 | 10333572 |
| facing up to re-emergence of urban yellow fever. | transmitted from person to person by aedes aegypti, urban yellow fever was eliminated in the first half of this century, with the eradication of its mosquito vector from most of south america. however, reinfestation began in the 1970s is now almost complete, and vector control is considerably more difficult now than before. the threat of urban yellow fever is greatest in towns such as santa cruz, bolivia, near the forest, but improved transport links increase the likelihood of spread by viremic ... | 1999 | 10334247 |
| urbanisation of yellow fever in santa cruz, bolivia. | reinvasion by aedes aegypti of cities in the americas poses a threat of urbanisation of yellow fever. after detection of yellow-fever infection in a resident of the city of santa cruz, bolivia, in december, 1997, we investigated all subsequent suspected cases. | 1999 | 10334253 |
| survival of starved aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in puerto rico and thailand. | survival of adult aedes aegypti (l.) was studied in thailand (1995) and puerto rico (1996) during periods of high and low dengue virus transmission. resting males and females were collected inside houses by aspiration. females were separated into different cages by their degree of engorgement and ovarian development. teneral adults were obtained from pupae collected from natural breeding sites. all mosquitoes were given access to water, held at ambient temperature in the shade, and their surviva ... | 1999 | 10337096 |
| effect of diet on biting, oviposition, and survival of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the effect of adult diet on host biting, sugar probing and water probing patterns, oviposition behavior, and survival of aedes aegypti (l.) from charters towers, australia, were tested in the laboratory. the 7 diets were as follows: (1) starvation, (2) water, (3) 10% sugar, (4) blood, (5) blood with water supplement, (6) blood with 10% sugar supplement, and (7) blood with 3% sugar supplement. biting, probing, oviposition, and survival observations were made every 6 h (0600-0800 hours, 1200-1400 ... | 1999 | 10337099 |
| a male accessory gland protein that modulates female mosquito (diptera: culicidae) host-seeking behavior. | the male accessory gland product that modulates the host-seeking behavior of female aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes was found to be a peptide of 7,600 mw. this peptide also prevented subsequent mating behavior and weakly stimulated oviposition. neither whole glands nor gland fractions from anopheles gambiae had any effect on ae. aegypti females, but those from aedes albopictus were active. | 1999 | 10342262 |
| comparison of isozyme patterns of aedes aegypti populations collected from pre- and post-bacillus thuringiensis israelensis treatment sites in thailand. | isozyme patterns of 13 field-collected populations of aedes aegypti from thailand were compared using starch gel electrophoresis. three populations were collected before the bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, (b.t.i.) application was initiated. the other 10 populations were collected after the b.t.i. treatment. results revealed that the number of polymorphic loci were lower in the b.t.i. treated populations as compared to controls. in addition, lower genetic variability was found in popula ... | 1999 | 10342268 |
| responses of male and female mosquitoes to repellents in the world health organization insecticide irritability test system. | a study was conducted to compare responses of male and female aedes aegypti (linn.) and aedes taeniorhynchus (wiedemann) to 9 olfactory repellents in the world health organization insecticide irritability test system. an irritant insecticide (permethrin) and a control were included for comparison. aedes aegypti exhibited significantly more takeoffs than ae. taeniorhynchus, and female mosquitoes exhibited significantly more takeoffs than males. permethrin induced significantly more takeoffs than ... | 1999 | 10342270 |
| automated measurement of oxygen consumption by the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | oxygen consumption of single mosquitoes was measured using a differential pressure transducer (dpt) connected to two small chambers. a mosquito was placed in the experimental chamber (p1) and was separated from naoh by 4 cm2 of marquisette mesh. the reference chamber (p2) contained the same amount of naoh and the marquisette mesh but without a mosquito. when these two chambers were sealed, removed o2 from p1 resulted in a pressure decrease with respect to p2. this pressure differential was trans ... | 1999 | 10344665 |
| [the incidence of culicidae in an urban area of ciudad de la habana during 1995]. | in the present paper it is made an analysis of the incidence of culicides in the municipality of marianao, havana city, during 1995, after following the requirements of the national program for the eradication of aedes aegypti. 6 species of mosquitoes were found in the municipality, with a predominance of the culex quinquefasciatus and aedes mediovittatus species. 4 focuses of aedes aegypti were detected during this period. it was found that the groups of deposits preferred by the culicides for ... | 1998 | 10349434 |
| screening of medicinal plants from trinidad and tobago for antimicrobial and insecticidal properties. | antibacterial activity in 51 extracts from 29 plant species currently used in traditional medicine in trinidad and the neighbouring caribbean islands was tested for by the agar dilution streak method using six bacteria: escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa. salmonella tophimurium, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and enterococcus faecalis. the extracts from eight of the plants tested showed significant activity against one or more micro-organisms and the most susceptible bac ... | 1999 | 10363843 |
| genomic and evolutionary analysis of feilai, a diverse family of highly reiterated sines in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | five short interspersed repetitive elements (sines) were found fortuitously in the introns of a steroid hormone receptor aahr3-2 gene of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, constituting a novel family of trna-related sines named feilai. in addition, nine other feilai elements were found in currently available sequences in ae. aegypti, six of which were also near genes. approximately 5.9 x 10(4) copies of feilai were present in ae. aegypti, equivalent to 2% of the entire genome. an addition ... | 1999 | 10368954 |
| activation of a delayed-early gene encoding mhr3 by the ecdysone receptor heterodimer ecr-b1-usp-1 but not by ecr-b1-usp-2. | mhr3, a homolog of the retinoid orphan receptor (ror), is a transcription factor in the nuclear hormone receptor family that is induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) in the epidermis of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. its 2.7-kb 5' flanking region was found to contain four putative ecdysone receptor response elements (ecres) and a monomeric (gggtca) nuclear receptor binding site. activation of this promoter fused to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter by 2 micrograms of 20e per ... | 1999 | 10373539 |
| widespread intra-serotype recombination in natural populations of dengue virus. | diversity analysis of 71 published dengue virus gene sequences revealed several strains that appeared to be mosaics comprising gene regions with conflicting evolutionary histories. subsequent maximum likelihood breakpoint estimation identified seven recombinants, including members of three of the four dengue virus serotypes, with breakpoints in the premembrane/membrane gene, the envelope gene, and at the junction of the envelope and first nonstructural genes. many of the individual recombinants ... | 1999 | 10377418 |
| impact of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on larvae of chironomus thummi thummi and psectrocladius psilopterus (diptera: chironomidae) | chironomid larvae, especially species of the subfamily chironominae, are known to be sensitive to the mosquitocidal bacterium bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.). in this study, bioassays and electron microscopic investigations were carried out with third- and fourth-instar larvae of chironomus thummi thummi kieffer (subfamily chironominae) and psectrocladius psilopterus kieffer (subfamily orthocladiinae) in order to study the sensitivity of species belonging to different chironomid ... | 1999 | 10388545 |
| production of cry11a and cry11ba toxins in bacillus sphaericus confers toxicity towards aedes aegypti and resistant culex populations. | cry11a from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and cry11ba from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan were introduced, separately and in combination, into the chromosome of bacillus sphaericus 2297 by in vivo recombination. two loci on the b. sphaericus chromosome were chosen as target sites for recombination: the binary toxin locus and the gene encoding the 36-kda protease that may be responsible for the cleavage of the mtx protein. disruption of the protease gene did not increase the ... | 1999 | 10388698 |
| reinvasion of calcutta city by aedes albopictus: the proven vector of dengue in suburban areas. | dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease transmitted by aedes aegypti in cities and a. albopictus in suburban and rural areas. dengue outbreaks occur almost regularly and sometimes reach epidemic proportions in cities and towns. dengue endemicity in calcutta was established for the first time in 1960, then re-established by another serosurvey in 1966. an outbreak of dengue was recently reported in the bankura district of the city, where it has not previously been reported. with the literatur ... | 1998 | 10389503 |
| transposition of the piggybac element in embryos of drosophila melanogaster, aedes aegypti and trichoplusia ni. | the lepidopteran transposable element piggybac is being recognized as a useful vector for genetic engineering in a variety of insect species. this transposon can mediate transformation in the dipteran species ceratitis capitata, and can potentially serve as a versatile vector for transformation of a wide variety of insect species. using a plasmid-based interplasmid transposition assay, we have demonstrated that this transposon, of the short inverted terminal repeat type, is capable of transposit ... | 1999 | 10394918 |
| mutations of loop 2 and loop 3 residues in domain ii of bacillus thuringiensis cry1c delta-endotoxin affect insecticidal specificity and initial binding to spodoptera littoralis and aedes aegypti midgut membranes. | site-directed mutagenesis was used to examine the role of predicted loops 2 (374qpwp377) and 3 (436qrsgtpf442) in domain ii of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1c delta endotoxin for insecticidal specificity and receptor binding. q374e, s438f, and g439a substitutions resulted in near or complete loss of toxicity toward both spodoptera littoralis and aedes aegypti. r437k, r437i, and g439v mutants exhibited significantly reduced toxicity to s. littoralis and a. aegypti, while mutations of t440, p441, ... | 1999 | 10398834 |