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first record of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in thirteen panhandle region counties of texas, u.s.a. 201729125249
a call to introduce structured zika surveillance in india.india has the climatic conditions conducive to year-round transmission of zika virus, and a structured disease surveillance program should be implemented to prevent an outbreak. such a program should (i) start screening before an outbreak arises; (ii) collect baseline data to assess future disease risk and monitor potential birth defects; and (iii) provide new insights into the ecology of the disease and inform public health policy following the one health concept.201729153262
[spatial distribution of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in the rural area of two municipalities of cundinamarca, colombia].it is difficult to adapt or create new strategies for dengue control in rural areas due to the dispersion of homes and the lack of knowledge about the presence and behavior of the vector in these areas. spatial data analysis could help understand time and space dynamics related to the transmission of vector-borne diseases in rural areas and, thus, contribute to the prevention and control of dengue.201729161476
effective population sizes of a major vector of human diseases, aedes aegypti.the effective population size (ne ) is a fundamental parameter in population genetics that determines the relative strength of selection and random genetic drift, the effect of migration, levels of inbreeding, and linkage disequilibrium. in many cases where it has been estimated in animals, ne is on the order of 10%-20% of the census size. in this study, we use 12 microsatellite markers and 14,888 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) to empirically estimate ne in aedes aegypti, the major vecto ...201729151858
virological surveillance of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus as support for decision making for dengue control in medellín.dengue represents an important public health problem in colombia. no treatment is available and the vaccine has not been approved in all countries, hence, actions should be strengthened to mitigate its impact through the control of aedes aegypti, the vector mosquito. in colombia, surveillance is done using entomological indexes and case notification, which is usually informed late, leading to untimely interventions. viral detection in urban mosquitoes using molecular techniques provides more acc ...201729161487
aedes albopictus (skuse, 1894) infected with the american-asian genotype of dengue type 2 virus in medellín suggests its possible role as vector of dengue fever in colombia.aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus are recognized vectors of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and zika arboviruses in several countries worldwide. in colombia, ae. albopictus geographical distribution has increased to include highly populated cities such as cali and medellín. although this species has been frequently found in urban and semi-urban zones in the country, its role as vector of the dengue fever is poorly known.201729161485
novel wolbachia-transinfected aedes aegypti mosquitoes possess diverse fitness and vector competence phenotypes.wolbachia pipientis from drosophila melanogaster (wmel) is an endosymbiotic bacterium that restricts transmission of human pathogenic flaviviruses and alphaviruses, including dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses, when introduced into the mosquito vector aedes aegypti. to date, wmel-infected ae. aegypti have been released in field trials in 5 countries to evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy for disease control. despite the success in establishing wmel-infected mosquitoes in wild populati ...201729216317
dengue serotype-specific immune response in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.dengue viruses (denv) are considered one of the most important emerging pathogens and dengue disease is a global health threat. the geographic expansion of dengue viruses has led to co-circulation of all four dengue serotypes making it imperative that new denv control strategies be devised.201729211244
an aedes aegypti-associated fungus increases susceptibility to dengue virus by modulating gut trypsin activity.transmission of dengue virus (denv) requires successful completion of the infection cycle in the aedes aegypti vector, which is initiated in the midgut tissue after ingestion of an infectious blood meal. while certain ae. aegypti midgut-associated bacteria influence virus infection, little is known about the midgut-associated fungi (mycobiota), and how its members might influence susceptibility to denv infection. we show that a talaromyces (tsp_pr) fungus, isolated from field-caught ae. aegypti, ...201729205153
alternative patterns of sex chromosome differentiation in aedes aegypti (l).some populations of west african aedes aegypti, the dengue and zika vector, are reproductively incompatible; our earlier study showed that divergence and rearrangements of genes on chromosome 1, which bears the sex locus (m), may be involved. we also previously described a proposed cryptic subspecies senaae (pk10, senegal) that had many more high inter-sex fst genes on chromosome 1 than did ae.aegypti aegypti (aaa, pai lom, thailand). the current work more thoroughly explores the significance of ...201729202694
global transcriptome analysis of aedes aegypti mosquitoes in response to zika virus infection.zika virus (zikv) of the flaviviridae family is a recently emerged mosquito-borne virus that has been implicated in the surge of the number of microcephaly instances in south america. the recent rapid spread of the virus led to its declaration as a global health emergency by the world health organization. the virus is transmitted mainly by the mosquito aedes aegypti, which is also the vector of dengue virus; however, little is known about the interactions of the virus with the mosquito vector. i ...201729202041
global risk mapping for major diseases transmitted by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.the objective of this study was to map the global risk of the major arboviral diseases transmitted by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus by identifying areas where the diseases are reported, either through active transmission or travel-related outbreaks, as well as areas where the diseases are not currently reported but are nonetheless suitable for the vector.201729196275
involvement of cecropin b in the formation of the aedes aegypti mosquito cuticle.in this study, we found a mosquito antimicrobial peptide (amp), aedes aegypti cecropin b (aacec b), was expressed constitutively in pupae. knockdown in the pupae of aacec b using double-stranded rna (dsrna) resulted in high mortality, the emergence of deformed adults and an impairment of pharate adult cuticle formation with fewer lamellae being deposited and the helicoidal pattern of the chitin microfibrils being disorganized. simultaneous injection of aacec b dsrna and aacec b peptide into pupa ...201729180688
alternative control of aedes aegypti resistant to pyrethroids: lethal and sublethal effects of monoterpenes bioinsecticides.the mosquito aedes aegypti is intensely controlled because it is vector of viruses that cause innumerous diseases, especially in tropical regions. due to the indiscriminate use of insecticides, populations from different regions have been resistant to pyrethroids. here, we analyzed the lethal and sublethal effects of essential oil of aristolochia trilobata and its major compounds on a. aegypti from susceptible and pyrethroid resistant populations.201729160036
[laboratory susceptibility tests of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae to the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora].aedes aegypti is the vector of dengue, yellow fever, zika and chikungunya viruses, and culex quinquefasciatus is the vector of st. louis and west nile encephalitis viruses.201729161479
[spatial distribution of potential and positive aedes aegypti breeding sites].the spatial distribution of aedes aegypti is heterogeneous, and the interaction between positive and potential breeding sites located both inside and outside homes is one of the most difficult aspects to characterize in vector control programs.201729161478
a peptide signaling system that rapidly enforces paternity in the aedes aegypti mosquito.female aedes aegypti mosquitoes typically mate only once with one male in their lifetime, a behavior known as "monandry" [1]. this single mating event provisions the female with sufficient sperm to fertilize the >500 eggs she will produce during her ∼4- to 6-week lifespan in the laboratory [2]. successful mating induces lifetime refractoriness to subsequent insemination by other males, enforcing the paternity of the first male [3-5]. ae. aegypti mate in flight near human hosts [6], and females b ...201729174895
larvicidal, histopathological efficacy of penicillium daleae against larvae of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti plus biotoxicity on artemia nauplii a non-target aquatic organism.mosquitoes can transmit the terrible diseases to human beings. soil-borne fungal products act as potential source for low-cost chemicals, used for developing eco-friendly control agents against mosquito-vector borne diseases. the prime aim of study was to check the larvicidal potential of fungus mycelia (by ethyl acetate solvent) extract from penicillium daleae (kx387370) against culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti and to test the toxicity of brine shrimp artemia nauplii, by observing the p ...201729163159
vectors, hosts, and control measures for zika virus in the americas.we examine zika virus (zikv) from an ecological perspective and with a focus on the americas. we assess (1) the role of wildlife in zikv disease ecology, (2) how mosquito behavior and biology influence disease dynamics, and (3) how nontarget species and ecosystems may be impacted by vector control programs. our review suggests that free-ranging, non-human primates may be involved in zikv transmission in the old world; however, other wildlife species likely play a limited role in maintaining or t ...201729150828
larvicidal and residual activity of imidazolium salts against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).aedes aegypti is an important species of mosquito, which can transmit several arboviruses such as dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya, and zika. as these mosquitoes are becoming resistant to most chemical insecticides used in the world, studies with new larvicides should be prioritized. based on the known biological profile of imidazolium salts (is), the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of six is as larvicides against ae. aegypti, which was tested against ae. aegypti lar ...201729193680
first insights on insecticidal activity upon aedes aegypti and partial biochemical characterization of a novel low molecular mass chymotrypsin-trypsin inhibitor purified from lonchocarpus sericeus seeds.arboviroses such as dengue, zika and chikungunya represent a serious issue in public health due to the absence of approved vaccine or specific antiviral drugs. one way to prevent these diseases is by combating the vector mosquito, aedes aegypti (diptera), which has serine proteases in the midgut. protease inhibitors are molecules that can block enzyme activity impairing digestion and nutrition that can lead to death. thus, we purified and characterized a novel chymotrypsin- trypsin inhibitor fro ...201729193604
baccharis reticularia dc. and limonene nanoemulsions: promising larvicidal agents for aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) control.baccharis reticularia dc. is a plant species from the asteraceae family that is endemic to brazil. despite the great importance of baccharis genus, no study has been carried out regarding either the phytochemical composition of b. reticularia or the evaluation of its larvicidal potential. considering the intrinsic immiscibility of essential oils, this study shows larvicidal nanoemulsions containing the b. reticularia phytochemically characterized essential oil and its main constituent against ae ...201729149027
incidence of dengue and chikungunya viruses in mosquitoes and human patients in border provinces of vietnam.dengue virus remains a major threat in vietnam, while chikungunya virus is expected to become one. surveillance was conducted from 2012 to 2014 in vietnam to assess the presence of dengue and chikungunya viruses in patients hospitalized with acute fever in five vietnam provinces neighboring lao pdr and cambodia. surveillance was extended to mosquitoes present in the vicinity of the patients' households.201729121985
[dengue fever : symptoms, epidemiology, entomology, pathogen diagnosis and prevention].dengue infections are among the most frequent causes of febrile disease in tropical climates. infections are caused by a flavivirus transmitted by the aedes mosquito. aedes aegypti mosquitos are the main transmitters of dengue viruses. since these insects are both diurnal and container breeders, particular prevention and control measures are required. symptom severity varies and can range from a mild, flu-like clinical picture to severe hemorrhage and shock. the most common symptoms experienced ...201729147722
development and physiological effects of an artificial diet for wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti.the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia spreads rapidly through populations of aedes aegypti mosquitoes, and strongly inhibits infection with key human pathogens including the dengue and zika viruses. mosquito control programs aimed at limiting transmission of these viruses are ongoing in multiple countries, yet there is a dearth of mass rearing infrastructure specific to wolbachia-infected mosquitoes. one example is the lack of a blood meal substitute, which accounts for the wolbachia-specific ph ...201729146940
behavioral, climatic, and environmental risk factors for zika and chikungunya virus infections in rio de janeiro, brazil, 2015-16.the burden of arboviruses in the americas is high and may result in long-term sequelae with infants disabled by zika virus infection (zikv) and arthritis caused by infection with chikungunya virus (chikv). we aimed to identify environmental drivers of arbovirus epidemics to predict where the next epidemics will occur and prioritize municipalities for vector control and eventual vaccination. we screened sera and urine samples (n = 10,459) from residents of 48 municipalities in the state of rio de ...201729145452
insecticide susceptibility screening against culex and aedes (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes from the united states.mosquitoes exposed to sublethal doses of insecticides may be selected for resistance to insecticide active ingredients (ais). mosquitoes are exposed to ais through agricultural, public/private mosquito control programs, homeowners, and other sources. hence, mosquito control programs should routinely measure the resistance/susceptibility status of mosquito populations of public health concern. the objectives here were to determine resistance status for six ais used in adult mosquito control in th ...201729186579
zika virus: an updated review of competent or naturally infected mosquitoes.zika virus (zikv) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) that recently caused outbreaks in the americas. over the past 60 years, this virus has been observed circulating among african, asian, and pacific island populations, but little attention has been paid by the scientific community until the discovery that large-scale urban zikv outbreaks were associated with neurological complications such as microcephaly and several other neurological malformations in fetuses and newborns. this paper is a ...201729145400
shifting the paradigm in dirofilaria immitis prevention: blocking transmission from mosquitoes to dogs using repellents/insecticides and macrocyclic lactone prevention as part of a multimodal approach.this study assessed the influence of a topical ectoparasiticide (dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen, dpp, vectra® 3d, ceva animal health) combined with a macrocyclic lactone (milbemycin oxime, mbo, interceptor®, virbac) on transmission of heartworm l3 from mosquitoes to dogs and subsequent development of worms in treated dogs exposed to infected mosquitoes.201729143678
blocking the transmission of heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) to mosquitoes (aedes aegypti) by weekly exposure for one month to microfilaremic dogs treated once topically with dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen.this study assessed the influence of a topical ectoparasiticide (dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen, dpp, vectra®3d, ceva animal health) on the acquisition of heartworm microfilariae by mosquitoes exposed to microfilaremic dogs weekly for 1 month.201729143651
corrigendum: rna-seq comparison of larval and adult malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti reveals life stage-specific changes in renal function.[this corrects the article on p. 283 in vol. 8, pmid: 28536536.].201729142533
species specific rna a-to-i editing of mosquito rdl modulates gaba potency and influences agonistic, potentiating and antagonistic actions of ivermectin.the insect gaba receptor, rdl, is the target of several classes of pesticides. the peptide sequences of rdl are generally highly conserved between diverse insects. however, rna a-to-i editing can effectively alter amino acid residues of rdl in a species specific manner, which can affect the potency of gaba and possibly insecticides. we report here that rna a-to-i editing alters the gene products of rdl in three mosquito disease vectors, recoding five amino acid residues in rdl of aedes aegypti a ...201729223796
relative insecticidal efficacy of three spatial repellent integrated light sources against aedes aegypti.three repellent products, off! mosquito lamp, insecticandel, and rescue decoshield, were comparatively evaluated against aedes aegypti in 130-m2 enclosed areas with a 317-m3 air volume. the results showed that the off! mosquito lamp with metofluthrin had a greater effect than the insecticandel with transfluthrin, which had greater effect than the decoshield with lemongrass oil and several other plant oils against ae. aegypti. the off! mosquito lamp was the only product to exceed 50% mortality. a ...201729369020
larvicidal potential of juglans regia male flower against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus.the diseases vectored by mosquitoes continue to be a main cause of illnesses and death throughout the world. the methanol extract of juglans regia male flower was screened for larvicidal activity against three therapeutically important mosquito vectors viz., malarial vector, anopheles stephensi; dengue vector, aedes aegypti and the filarial vector, culex quinquefasciatus. the larvicidal activity was assayed against the early fourth-instar larvae of tested mosquito species at a concentration rang ...201729251995
the attractiveness of the gravid aedes trap to dengue vectors in fiji.the gravid aedes trap (gat) is a passive trap that relies on visual and olfactory cues to lure and capture gravid mosquitoes. the gat was designed as a dengue vector surveillance tool for use in conditions where power sources are not readily available. experiments were conducted over a 10-d period in fiji to determine which species of mosquitoes the gat would collect, how different infusion types affect the attractiveness of the trap, how long each infusion type took to begin attracting mosquito ...201729244174
field evaluation of indoor thermal fog and ultra-low volume applications for control of aedes aegypti in thailand.efficacies of a handheld thermal fogger (patriot™) and a backpack ultra-low volume (ulv) sprayer (twister™) with combinations of 2 different adulticides (pyrethrin, deltamethrin) and an insect growth regulator (pyriproxyfen) were field-tested and compared for their impact on reducing indoor aedes aegypti populations in thailand. the effectiveness of the indoor space sprays was evaluated by sampling the natural ae. aegypti population in houses and determining their physiological status, by monito ...201728590217
in silico validation of d7 salivary protein-derived b- and t-cell epitopes of aedes aegypti as potential vaccine to prevent transmission of flaviviruses and togaviruses to humans.mosquito (aedes aegyptii) salivary proteins play a crucial role in facilitating viral transmission from vector-to-host due to their role in facilitating the "blood meal" of the vector. three main proteins, d7, aegyptin and sialokinin play a role in this process. using in-silico programs, we identified b- and t-cell epitopes in the mosquito salivary proteins d7 long and short form. t-cell epitopes with high affinity to the most prevalent hla mhc class-i supertypes among different population group ...201729225429
meta-analysis of aedes aegypti expression datasets: comparing virus infection and blood-fed transcriptomes to identify markers of virus presence.the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) is vector of several arboviruses including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and more recently zika. previous transcriptomic studies have been performed to elucidate altered pathways in response to viral infection. however, the intrinsic coupling between alimentation and infection were unappreciated in these studies. feeding is required for the initial mosquito contact with the virus and these events are highly dependent. addressing this relationship, we reinterr ...201729376049
persistence of toxic activity of fermentation extracts from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis after more than three decades of storage.this study was carried out to determine the persistence of toxicity of fermentation extracts of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis after more than three decades of storage. for this purpose, a population of aedes aegypti was established. the mortality rate of 20 spore-crystal extracts purified using the acetone-lactose coprecipitation method was measured and evaluated by bioassays according to a modified who protocol. the extracts with the highest mortality rate were determined in triplicat ...201729358951
a small-scale investigation into the effect of a larvicidal oil on oviposition site preference by aedes aegypti.larvicidal oils can be used to control immature aedes aegypti and other pestiferous mosquitoes. to test whether oil-based larvicides also act as oviposition deterrents, indoor and semi-field trials were conducted at the navy entomology center of excellence in jacksonville, fl. in both studies, treatment cages consisted of oviposition cups lined with seed germination paper as an oviposition substrate and filled with 1-wk-old southern live oak ( quercus virginiana) leaf litter-infused water. treat ...201729369032
[estimation of underreporting of chikungunya virus infection cases in girardot, colombia, from november, 2014, to may, 2015].chikungunya virus infection in colombia became epidemic in 2015. it is estimated that there is underreporting of cases to the public health surveillance system which can induce bias in epidemiological projections for decision making, a serious problem, as it veils the real magnitude and actual epidemiological importance of this disease.201729373771
comparison of adult mosquito abundance from biogents-2 sentinel and biogents gravid aedes traps in northeastern florida.we compared the efficacy of the biogents gravid aedes trap (bg-gat) and biogents-2 sentinel (bg2s) trap to assess differences in adult mosquito collection rates between these 2 mosquito surveillance methods in northeastern florida. species diversity of trap collections was significantly greater for bg2s than for bg-gat, with 14 mosquito species collected from the former trap and 4 species from the latter. aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus were the 2 predominant species collected in both t ...201729369031
bg-sentinel™ trap efficacy as a component of proof-of-concept for push-pull control strategy for dengue vector mosquitoes.the efficacy of the bg-sentinel™ (bgs) trap as a "pull" component of a "push-pull" system (pps) for management of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti, was evaluated using local households in pu tuey, kanchanaburi, thailand. the pull component was the concluding phase of a 3-part investigation using a pps combination spatial repellent (sr) and bgs trap to capture adult vector mosquitoes. two sentinel households were selected for evaluation of bgs trap efficacy based on the highest pretrial indoor re ...201729369029
laboratory evaluation of synthetic blends of l-(+)-lactic acid, ammonia, and ketones as potential attractants for aedes aegypti.attraction of aedes aegypti to various binary, trinary, and quaternary blends of lactic acid and ketones with or without ammonia was studied using a dual choice olfactometer. a dose dependent attraction was observed in cases of single compounds where cyclopentanone attracted the highest percentage (36.9 ± 1.8%) of ae. aegypti when tested alone. no significant difference was observed between the attraction levels of trinary and binary blends of lactic acid and acetone or butanone when tested agai ...201729369028
larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti and chemical characterization of the inflorescences of tagetes patula.the crude acetone extract (cae) of defatted inflorescences of tagetes patula was partitioned into five semipurified fractions: n-hexane (hf), dichloromethane (df), ethyl acetate (eaf), n-butanol (bf), and aqueous (aqf). bf was fractionated by reversed-phase polyamide column chromatography, obtaining 34 subfractions, which were subjected to hsccc, where patuletin and patulitrin were isolated. cae and the fractions bf, eaf, df, and aqf were analyzed by lc-dad-ms, and patuletin and patulitrin were ...201729362590
altitudinal distribution of aedes indices during dry season in the dengue endemic area of central java, indonesiaaedes mosquitoes, mainly aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, are the primary and secondary vectors of dengue viruses in indonesia, with transmission occurring by sucking blood. the density of the vectors is influenced by season and rainfall, but limited by altitude. the aim of the study is to describe the density and distribution of dengue vectors during the dry season based on the altitudes of recent dengue cases in five regencies of central java province, indonesia. mosquito larvae and pupae w ...201729274215
zika virus: an emerging infectious disease with serious perinatal and neurologic complications.zika virus (zikv) is a flavivirus that is primarily transmitted by aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector also important in the transmission of the flaviviruses responsible for dengue fever, yellow fever and chikungunya. due to occurrence in the same geographic regions, serological cross-reactivity, and similar, albeit often less severe clinical manifestations as dengue and chikungunya infections, zikv infection likely went undetected and/or misdiagnosed for many years. zikv is somewhat unique among ...201729273403
history and emergence of zika virus.zika virus was discovered in east africa in 1947 by the rockefeller foundation during investigations on the ecology of yellow fever. although it was subsequently shown to have widespread distribution in africa and asia, it was not known to cause epidemics until 2007. this paper describes the history of the virus discovery, emergence and evolution as an epidemic virus, and the its evolving clinical spectrum.201729267917
zika virus mosquito vectors: competence, biology, and vector control.zika virus (zikv) (flaviviridae, flavivirus) has become one of the most medically important mosquito-borne viruses because of its ability to cause microcephaly in utero and guillain-barré syndrome in adults. this virus emerged from its sylvatic cycle in africa to cause an outbreak in yap, federated states of micronesia in 2007, french polynesia in 2014, and most recently south america in 2015. the rapid expansion of zikv in the americas largely has been due to the biology and behavior of its vec ...201729267910
chikungunya: molecular aspects, clinical outcomes and pathogenesis.the alarming worldwide emergence of the chikungunya virus began in the last decade. since the first autochthonous transmission in mexico in november of 2014, the virus has spread throughout the country, resulted in multiple outbreaks. this virus produces an acute and self-limiting disease characterized by fever, polyarthralgia, myalgia, exanthema, and general malaise. it is transmitted to humans by the bite of aedes aegypti and a. albopictus mosquitoes. the fact that the clinical presentation is ...201729265115
characteristics of aedes aegypti adult mosquitoes in rural and urban areas of western and coastal kenya.aedes aegypti is the main vector for yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses. recent outbreaks of dengue and chikungunya have been reported in kenya. presence and abundance of this vector is associated with the risk for the occurrence and transmission of these diseases. this study aimed to characterize the presence and abundance of ae. aegypti adult mosquitoes from rural and urban sites in western and coastal regions of kenya. presence and abundance of ae. aegypti adult mosquitoes wer ...201729261766
assessment of maldi-tof mass spectrometry for filariae detection in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is an emerging tool for routine identification of bacteria, archaea and fungi. it has also been recently applied as an accurate approach for arthropod identification. preliminary studies have shown that the maldi-tof ms was able to differentiate whether ticks and mosquitoes were infected or not with some bacteria and plasmodium parasites, respectively. the aim of the present study was to test the efficien ...201729261659
african and asian zika virus isolates display phenotypic differences both in vitro and in vivo.zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne member of the genus flavivirus that has emerged since 2007 to cause outbreaks in africa, asia, oceania, and most recently, in the americas. here, we used an isolate history as well as genetic and phylogenetic analyses to characterize three low-passage isolates representing african (ard 41525) and asian (cpc-0740, sv0127-14) lineages to investigate the potential phenotypic differences in vitro and in vivo. the african isolate displayed a large plaque phenotyp ...201729280428
synergistic effect of fertilizer and plant material combinations on the development of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes.chemical fertilizers are used everywhere, which often pollute the breeding sites of mosquitoes. in this laboratory study, the consequences on aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) and anopheles gambiae (giles) (diptera: culicidae) of water-containing plant matter (pm) alone, or in association with an npk type of fertilizer (pm+npk), were evaluated. to obtain a 20% imaginal emergence of an. gambiae (iet20), the bioassays carried out with pm have evidenced that its larvae need four times as much ...201729309617
origin of a high-latitude population of aedes aegypti in washington, dc.an overwintering population of aedes aegypti has been documented in the capitol hill neighborhood of washington, dc, since 2011. mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (mtcoi) sequence data presented in a previous study traced the origin to the new world. here, we use microsatellite and snp chip data along with more mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequences on washington ae. aegypti samples and samples from potential sources to further narrow the origin of this population. genetically, washington ae. aegy ...201729260658
from ground pools to treeholes: convergent evolution of habitat and phenotype in aedes mosquitoes.invasive mosquito species are responsible for millions of vector-borne disease cases annually. the global invasive success of aedes mosquitoes such as aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus has relied on the human transport of immature stages in container habitats. however, despite the importance of these mosquitoes and this ecological specialization to their widespread dispersal, evolution of habitat specialization in this group has remained largely unstudied. we use comparative methods to evaluate ...201729258425
zika virus exhibits lineage-specific phenotypes in cell culture, in aedes aegypti mosquitoes, and in an embryo model.zika virus (zikv) has quietly circulated in africa and southeast asia for the past 65 years. however, the recent zikv epidemic in the americas propelled this mosquito-borne virus to the forefront of flavivirus research. based on historical evidence, zikv infections in africa were sporadic and caused mild symptoms such as fever, skin rash, and general malaise. in contrast, recent asian-lineage zikv infections in the pacific islands and the americas are linked to birth defects and neurological dis ...201729258204
seasonal and spatial quantitative changes in aedes aegypti under distinctly different ecological areas of lahore, pakistan.to find out the variations in larval and adult density of aedes aegypti in different seasons under different ecological conditions.201729256519
social-ecological factors and preventive actions decrease the risk of dengue infection at the household-level: results from a prospective dengue surveillance study in machala, ecuador.in ecuador, dengue virus (denv) infections transmitted by the aedes aegypti mosquito are among the greatest public health concerns in urban coastal communities. community- and household-level vector control is the principal means of controlling disease outbreaks. this study aimed to assess the impact of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (kaps) and social-ecological factors on the presence or absence of denv infections in the household.201729253873
aedes aegypti microrna mir-2b regulates ubiquitin-related modifier to control chikungunya virus replication.arboviruses that replicate in mosquitoes activate innate immune response within mosquitoes. regulatory non-coding micrornas (mirna) are known to be modulated in mosquitoes during chikungunya infection. however, information about targets of these mirnas is scant. the present study was aimed to identify and analyze targets of mirnas that are regulated during chikungunya virus (chikv) replication in aedes aegypti cells and in the mosquito. employing next-generation sequencing technologies, we ident ...201729247247
zika virus can be venereally transmitted between aedes aegypti mosquitoes.alternative transmission routes have been described for zika virus (zikv). here, we assessed for the first time the venereal transmission of zikv between aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions.201729246237
analytical report of the 2016 dengue outbreak in córdoba city, argentina.after elimination of the aedes aegypti vector in south america in the 1960s, dengue outbreaks started to reoccur during the 1990s; strongly in argentina since 1998. in 2016, córdoba city had the largest dengue outbreak in its history. in this article we report this outbreak including spatio-temporal analysis of cases and vectors in the city. a total of 653 dengue cases were recorded by the laboratory-based dengue surveillance system and georeferenced by their residential addresses. case maps wer ...201729239555
individual co-variation between viral rna load and gene expression reveals novel host factors during early dengue virus infection of the aedes aegypti midgut.dengue virus (denv) causes more human infections than any other mosquito-borne virus. the current lack of antiviral strategies has prompted genome-wide screens for host genes that are required for denv infectivity. earlier transcriptomic studies that identified denv host factors in the primary vector aedes aegypti used inbred laboratory colonies and/or pools of mosquitoes that erase individual variation. here, we performed transcriptome sequencing on individual midguts in a field-derived ae. aeg ...201729261661
assessing natural infection with zika virus in the southern house mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus, during 2016 in puerto rico.the epidemic of zika in the western hemisphere has led to intense investigations of all species important in the transmission of zika virus (zikv), including putative mosquito vectors. although evidence points to stegomyia (= aedes) (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes as the primary vectors in nature among humans, there remains the possibility that other common mosquito species may be implicated in the rapid spread of the virus. herein, field-caught culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) collec ...201729239003
aedes aegypti breeding site in an underground rainwater reservoir: a warning.we describe the discovery of aedes aegypti underground breeding site in the pinheiros neighborhood of são paulo, sp, during an entomological survey program performed in 2016. even with intense surveillance and vector control, large numbers of mosquitoes were present in this area. a detailed investigation allowed for the detection of ae. aegypti in an underground reservoir used for rainwater storage. after the implementation of protection screens in the accesses, the presence of the vector was no ...201729236877
detection of zika virus in aedes mosquitoes from mexico.we report on the results of an entomovirological surveillance system of aedes populations performed by the ministry of health of the central state of san luis potosí, mexico.201729232453
an approach of the exact linearization techniques to analysis of population dynamics of the mosquito aedes aegypti.dengue fever, chikungunya and zika are caused by different viruses and mainly transmitted by aedes aegypti mosquitoes. these diseases have received special attention of public health officials due to the large number of infected people in tropical and subtropical countries and the possible sequels that those diseases can cause. in severe cases, the infection can have devastating effects, affecting the central nervous system, muscles, brain and respiratory system, often resulting in death. vaccin ...201729253493
aedes aegypti resistance development to commonly used insecticides in jakarta, indonesia.aedes aegypti is the primary vector of various relevant arthropod-borne viral infectious diseases worldwide. the mosquito control is still mainly performed by using insecticides but their effectiveness is increasingly questioned nowadays. we here conducted a study on ae. aegypti resistance development towards several commonly used insecticides in the capital city of jakarta, indonesia. in order to achieve this goal, ae. aegypti eggs from jakarta were collected with ovitraps and hatched in the in ...201729253003
efficacy of 13 commercial household aerosol insecticides against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from morelos, mexico.in mexico, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) is the primary vector of dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses. control programs include community participation using personal protection such as household aerosol insecticides. in both, urban or rural areas, the use of aerosol insecticides is a common practice to avoiding mosquito biting. thus, information on the efficacy of commercial products must be available. this study reports the efficacy of 13 household aerosol insecticides against ae. ...201729228197
the first detected airline introductions of yellow fever mosquitoes (aedes aegypti) to europe, at schiphol international airport, the netherlands.air-borne introduction of exotic mosquitoes to schiphol airport in the netherlands has been considered plausible based upon findings of mosquitoes in aircraft cabins during 2008, 2010 and 2011. beginning in 2013, surveillance efforts at schiphol had focused on promptly detecting accidental introductions at the airport facilities in order to quickly react and avoid temporary proliferation or establishment of mosquito populations, identify the origin of the introductions, and avoid potential trans ...201729221490
full-length genome sequence of a chikungunya virus isolate from the 2017 autochthonous outbreak, lazio region, italy.we report here the genome sequence of a human chikungunya virus isolate from the ongoing autochthonous outbreak in central italy. the sequence (east-central-south african lineage, indian ocean sublineage), which is similar to recent sequences from pakistan and india, shows e1 and e2 signatures of strains whose main mosquito vector is aedes aegypti, although aedes albopictus is the vector in italy.201729217791
dengue and yellow fever virus vectors: seasonal abundance, diversity and resting preferences in three kenyan cities.the transmission patterns of dengue (denv) and yellow fever (yfv) viruses, especially in urban settings, are influenced by aedes (stegomyia) mosquito abundance and behavior. despite recurrent dengue outbreaks on the kenyan coast, these parameters remain poorly defined in this and other areas of contrasting dengue endemicity in kenya. in assessing the transmission risk of denv/yfv in three kenyan cities, we determined adult abundance and resting habits of potential aedes (stegomyia) vectors in ki ...201729284522
genetically modified aedes aegypti to control dengue: a review.dengue is an acute infectious disease of viral etiology characterized by lymphadenopathy, leucopenia, headache, biphasic fever, pain in various parts of the body, rashes, and extreme physical weakness. it is a vector-borne disease caused by a positive-stranded rna virus of the family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus. dengue inflicts a significant health, economic, and social burden on populations of endemic areas. dengue virus is transmitted to humans by the mosquito vector aedes aegypti. vaccines ...201729283327
family level variation in wolbachia-mediated dengue virus blocking in aedes aegypti.the mosquito vector aedes aegypti is responsible for transmitting a range of arboviruses including dengue (denv) and zika (zikv). the global reach of these viruses is increasing due to an expansion of the mosquito's geographic range and increasing urbanization and human travel. vector control remains the primary means for limiting these diseases. wolbachia pipientis is an endosymbiotic bacterium of insects that has the ability to block the replication of pathogens, including flaviviruses such as ...201729282144
reemergence of yellow fever in ethiopia after 50 years, 2013: epidemiological and entomological investigations.yellow fever (yf) is a viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by aedes mosquito species. approximately, 200,000 cases and 30,000 deaths occur worldwide every year. in ethiopia, the last outbreak was reported in 1966 with 2200 cases and 450 deaths. a number of cases with deaths from unknown febrile illness reported from south ari district starting from november 2012. this investigation was conducted to identify the causative agent, source of the outbreak and recommend appropriate interventions.201728506254
aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes in trinidad, west indies: longevity case studies.few laboratory and field studies have reported long survival periods for ae. aegypti females and even fewer have designed experiments to characterize this important life history trait. this study was conducted under laboratory conditions to determine the number of blood meals taken by individual females, the number of eggs laid per individual female, the length of the gonotrophic cycle, and the duration of female survival. the results showed individual females oviposited between 670 and 1,500 eg ...201728504438
influence of shading and pedestrian traffic on the preference of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (diptera: culicidae) for oviposition microenvironments.aedes aegypti mosquitoes are highly adaptable to abiotic stimuli. to evaluate the influence of shading and pedestrian traffic on the preference of ae. aegypti for oviposition microenvironments, 20 sites were sampled weekly using ovitraps within the perimeter of universidade federal do espírito santo, located in são mateus, espírito santo, brazil. a spatial and statistical analysis was performed in order to assess the relationship between shading time, pedestrian traffic, and the presence of biol ...201728504433
isolation of an insulin-like peptide from the asian malaria mosquito, anopheles stephensi, that acts as a steroidogenic gonadotropin across diverse mosquito taxa.many insulin-like peptides (ilps) have been identified in insects, yet only a few were isolated in their native form for structural and functional studies. antiserum produced to ilp3 in aedes aegypti was used in a radioimmunoassay to monitor the purification of an ilp from heads of adult an. stephensi and recognized the ilp in other immunoassays. the structure of the purified peptide matched that predicted for the ilp3 in this species. the native form stimulated ecdysteroid production by ovaries ...201728502740
metazoan ribosome inactivating protein encoding genes acquired by horizontal gene transfer.ribosome inactivating proteins (rips) are rna n-glycosidases that depurinate a specific adenine residue in the conserved sarcin/ricin loop of 28s rrna. these enzymes are widely distributed among plants and their presence has also been confirmed in several bacterial species. recently, we reported for the first time in silico evidence of rip encoding genes in metazoans, in two closely related species of insects: aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. here, we have experimentally confirmed the p ...201728500327
larval interference competition between the native neotropical mosquito limatus durhamii and the invasive aedes aegypti improves the fitness of both species.interspecific competition with native species during biological invasions can sometimes limit alien expansion. we aimed to determine the potential ecological effects of limatus durhamii theobald 1901, a native neotropical mosquito (diptera: culicidae) species, on the invasive species aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (linnaeus 1762) that breeds in the same artificial water containers. development time and adult dry mass were measured in 3 rearing conditions: control (a single larva), intraspecific compe ...201728497885
assessing the effect of selection with deltamethrin on biological parameters and detoxifying enzymes in aedes aegypti (l.).resistance to insecticides through one or several mechanisms has a cost for an insect in various parameters of its biological cycle. the present study evaluated the effect of deltamethrin on detoxifying enzymes and biological parameters in a population of aedes aegypti selected for 15 generations. the enzyme activities of alpha- and beta-esterases, mixed-function oxidases and glutathione-s-transferases were determined during selection, along with biological parameters.201728485040
what does heat tell a mosquito? characterization of the orientation behaviour of aedes aegypti towards heat sources.the use of heat as a cue for the orientation of haematophagous insects towards hot-blooded hosts has been acknowledged for many decades. in mosquitoes, thermoreception has been studied at the molecular, physiological and behavioural levels, and the response to heat has been evaluated in multimodal contexts. however, a direct characterization of how these insects evaluate thermal sources is still lacking. in this study we characterize aedes aegypti thermal orientation using a simple dual choice p ...201728479122
eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its larvicidal property against fourth instar larvae of aedes aegypti.in this study, larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles (agnps) synthesised using apple extract against fourth instar larvae of aedes aegypti was determined. as a result, the agnps showed moderate larvicidal effects against ae. aegypti larvae (lc50 = 15.76 ppm and lc90 = 27.7 ppm). in addition, comparison of larvicidal activity performance of agnps at high concentration prepared using two different methods showed that ae. aegypti larvae was fully eliminated within the duration of 2.5 h. from ...201728476997
photo-induced and phytomediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using derris trifoliata leaf extract and its larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti.due to the increased development of resistance of vectors against synthetic insecticides and chemical drugs, plant based insecticides serve as promising biocontrol agents for effective vector control. green approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles has been attained using environmentally safe, non-toxic plant extracts. the present study was aimed to investigate the potent larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles (agnps) produced by derris trifoliata leaf extract in relation to the various c ...201728460330
the dengue preface to endemic in mainland china: the historical largest outbreak by aedes albopictus in guangzhou, 2014.dengue was regarded as a mild epidemic in mainland china transmitted by aedes albopictus. however, the 2014 record-breaking outbreak in guangzhou could change the situation. in order to provide an early warning of epidemic trends and provide evidence for prevention and control strategies, we seek to characterize the 2014 outbreak through application of detailed cases and entomological data, as well as phylogenetic analysis of viral envelope (e) gene.201728934991
isolation and identification of xenorhabdus and photorhabdus bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes and their larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti is a potential vector of west nile, japanese encephalitis, chikungunya, dengue and zika viruses. alternative control measurements of the vector are needed to overcome the problems of environmental contamination and chemical resistance. xenorhabdus and photorhabdus are symbionts in the intestine of entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) steinernema spp. and heterorhabditis spp. these bacteria are able to produce a broad range of bioactive compounds including antimicrobial, antiparasitic, ...201728934970
proteomics technique opens new frontiers in mobilome research.a large proportion of the genome of most eukaryotic organisms consists of highly repetitive mobile genetic elements. the sum of these elements is called the "mobilome," which in eukaryotes is made up mostly of transposons. transposable elements contribute to disease, evolution, and normal physiology by mediating genetic rearrangement, and through the "domestication" of transposon proteins for cellular functions. although 'omics studies of mobilome genomes and transcriptomes are common, technical ...201728932623
fat body organ culture system in aedes aegypti, a vector of zika virus.the insect fat body plays a central role in insect metabolism and nutrient storage, mirroring functions of the liver and fat tissue in vertebrates. insect fat body tissue is usually distributed throughout the insect body. however, it is often concentrated in the abdomen and attached to the abdominal body wall. the mosquito fat body is the sole source of yolk proteins, which are critical for egg production. therefore, the in vitro culture of mosquito fat body tissues represents an important syste ...201728872112
updated reported distribution of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in the united states, 1995-2016.aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) are potential vectors of zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses in the united states. a zika virus outbreak in florida in the summer of 2016, driven by ae. aegypti and resulting in > 200 locally acquired cases of human illness, underscored the need for up-to-date information on the geographic distribution of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus in the united states. in early 2016, we conducted a survey and literature review to comp ...201728874014
"we need people to collaborate together against this disease": a qualitative exploration of perceptions of dengue fever control in caregivers' of children under 5 years, in the peruvian amazon.dengue fever presents a significant and growing burden of disease to endemic countries, where children are at particular risk. worldwide, no effective anti-viral treatment has been identified, thus vector control is key for disease prevention, particularly in peru where no vaccine is currently available. this qualitative study aimed to explore the perceptions of dengue control in caregivers' of children under 5 years in peru, to help direct future mosquito control programmes and strategy.201728873408
aedes aegypti saliva enhances chikungunya virus replication in human skin fibroblasts via inhibition of the type i interferon signaling pathway.chikungunya virus (chikv) transmission occurs through the bite of an infected aedes mosquito which injects virus-containing saliva into the skin of the human host during blood feeding. in the present study, we have determined the effect of aedes aegypti saliva on chikv replication in human skin fibroblasts, a major cell type for viral entry, which mimics the events that occur during natural transmission. a significant increase in the expression of viral transcripts and infectious viral particles ...201728866137
evaluation of ecdysteroid antisera for a competitive enzyme immunoassay and extraction procedures for the measurement of mosquito ecdysteroids.ecdysteroid hormones regulate several aspects of insect development and reproduction. the predominant ecdysteroids produced by insects including mosquitoes are ecdysone (e) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e). the ability to measure e and 20e titers is essential for many studies, but few sensitive, low cost options are currently available for doing so. to address this deficiency, we developed a new enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia). in the first part of the study, we compared the affinity of two new anti ...201728866256
zika virus congenital syndrome: experimental models and clinical aspects.viral infections have long been the cause of severe diseases to humans, increasing morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, either in rich or poor countries. yellow fever virus, h1n1 virus, hiv, dengue virus, hepatitis b and c are well known threats to human health, being responsible for many million deaths annually, associated to a huge economic and social cost. in this context, a recently introduced flavivirus in south america, called zika virus (zikv), led the who to declare in february 1st 2 ...201728932235
ph control in the midgut of aedesaegypti under different nutritional conditions.aedes aegypti is one of the most important disease vectors in the world. because their gut is the first site of interaction with pathogens, it is important to understand a. aegypti gut physiology. in this study, we investigated the mechanisms of ph control in the midgut of a. aegypti females under different nutritional conditions. we found that unfed females have an acidic midgut (ph ∼6). the midgut of unfed insects is actively maintained at ph 6 regardless of the ingestion of either alkaline or ...201728931720
microgeographic population structuring of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).aedes aegypti is one of the species most favored by changes in the environment caused by urbanization. its abundance increases rapidly in the face of such changes, increasing the risk of disease transmission. previous studies have shown that mosquito species that have adapted to anthropogenic environmental changes benefit from urbanization and undergo population expansion. in light of this, we used microsatellite markers to explore how urbanization processes may be modulating ae. aegypti populat ...201728931078
pyrethroid resistance alters the blood-feeding behavior in puerto rican aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to treated fabric.emerging insecticide resistance is a major issue for vector control. it decreases the effectiveness of insecticides, thereby requiring greater quantities for comparable control with a net increase in risk of disease resurgence, product cost, and damage risk to the ecosystem. pyrethroid resistance has been documented in puerto rican populations of aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes. in this study, topical toxicity of five insecticides (permethrin, etofenprox, deltamethrin, ddt, transfluthrin) was dete ...201728931018
emerging arboviruses in rio grande do sul, brazil: chikungunya and zika outbreaks, 2014-2016.the recent emergence of arboviruses such as chikungunya virus (chikv) and zika virus (zikv) in brazil has posed a threat to human health and to the country's economy. outbreaks occur mainly in tropical areas; however, increasing number of cases have been observed in rio grande do sul (rs), the southernmost state; therefore, surveillance of these arboviruses is essential for public health measures.201728929534
sybr green-based one step quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of zika virus in field-caught mosquitoes.the monitoring of vectors is one of the key surveillance measures to assess the risk of arbovirus transmission and the success of control strategies in endemic regions. the recent re-emergence of zika virus (zikv) in the tropics, including singapore, emphasizes the need to develop cost-effective, rapid and accurate assays to monitor the virus spread by mosquitoes. as zikv infections largely remain asymptomatic, early detection of zikv in the field-caught mosquitoes enables timely implementation ...201728927458
insecticide susceptibility of aedes albopictus and ae. aegypti from brazil and the swiss-italian border region.aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus are two highly invasive mosquito species, both vectors of several viruses, including dengue, chikungunya and zika. while ae. aegypti is the primary vector in the tropics and sub-tropics, ae. albopictus is increasingly under the public health watch as it has been implicated in arbovirus-transmission in more temperate regions, including continental europe. vector control using insecticides is the pillar of most control programmes; hence development of insecticide r ...201728927441
community participation in mosquito breeding site control: an interdisciplinary mixed methods study in curaçao.as the arboviral diseases dengue, chikungunya and zika emerge in the americas, so does the need for sustainable vector control policies. to successfully achieve mosquito control, joint efforts of both communities and governments are essential. this study investigates this important, but by-and-large neglected topic.201728927437
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