| field evaluation of spatial repellency of metofluthrin-impregnated latticework plastic strips against aedes aegypti (l.) and analysis of environmental factors affecting its efficacy in my tho city, tien giang, vietnam. | spatial repellency of metofluthrin-impregnated polyethylene latticework plastic strips against aedes aegypti mosquitoes was evaluated. analysis of environmental factors affecting the efficacy of these strips, such as room temperature, humidity, and house structure, was performed in a residential area in my tho city, tien giang province, vietnam. treatment with the strips at the rate of 1 strip per 2.6-5.52 m(2) (approximately 600 mg per 2.6-5.52 m(2)) reduced the collection of ae. aegypti restin ... | 2006 | 17172385 |
| manipulation of the yellow fever virus non-structural genes 2a and 4b and the 3'non-coding region to evaluate genetic determinants of viral dissemination from the aedes aegypti midgut. | although much is known about the ecology, epidemiology, and molecular biology of mosquito-borne viruses, the viral factors that allow transmission by mosquitoes to humans or animals remain unknown. using infectious clones of disseminating (asibi) and non-disseminating (17d) yellow fever viruses (yfv), we produced chimeric viruses to evaluate the role of different viral genes in dissemination. previously, we showed that virus produced from an infectious clone containing the structural genes of 17 ... | 2006 | 17172386 |
| [seasonal variation of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in a city of southeastern brazil]. | to assess the seasonal variation of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus and to estimate the association between the species abundance and abiotic factors. | 2006 | 17173169 |
| [diversity of oviposition containers and buildings where aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti can be found]. | to assess the diversity of oviposition containers and buildings where females of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti can be found. | 2006 | 17173170 |
| novel chikungunya virus variant in travelers returning from indian ocean islands. | chikungunya virus (chikv) emerged in indian ocean islands in 2005 and is causing an ongoing outbreak that involves >260,000 patients, including travelers returning home from these islands. we investigated cases in 4 patients returning from mayotte and reunion islands with chikv infection and a nurse infected in metropolitan france after direct contact with the blood of a traveler. four patients had tenosynovitis and pain at wrist pressure, and 1 had life-threatening manifestations. four chikv st ... | 2006 | 17176562 |
| chikungunya infection in travelers. | the largest described outbreak of chikungunya virus has been occurring on the islands of the southwest indian ocean since march 2005. we describe the manifestations of chikungunya virus infection in travelers returning from these islands, with focus on skin manifestations. | 2006 | 17176573 |
| chikungunya outbreaks caused by african genotype, india. | chikungunya fever is reported in india after 32 years. immunoglobulin m antibodies and virus isolation confirmed the cause. phylogenic analysis based on partial sequences of ns4 and e1 genes showed that all earlier isolates (1963-1973) were asian genotype, whereas the current and yawat (2000) isolates were african genotype. | 2006 | 17176577 |
| novel acetylcholinesterase target site for malaria mosquito control. | current anticholinesterase pesticides were developed during world war ii and are toxic to mammals because they target a catalytic serine residue of acetylcholinesterases (aches) in insects and in mammals. a sequence analysis of aches from 73 species and a three-dimensional model of a malaria-carrying mosquito (anopheles gambiae) ache (agache) reported here show that c286 and r339 of agache are conserved at the opening of the active site of aches in 17 invertebrate and four insect species, respec ... | 2006 | 17183688 |
| gata transcription factor required for immunity to bacterial and fungal pathogens. | in the past decade, caenorhabditis elegans has been used to dissect several genetic pathways involved in immunity; however, little is known about transcription factors that regulate the expression of immune effectors. c. elegans does not appear to have a functional homolog of the key immune transcription factor nf-kappab. here we show that that the intestinal gata transcription factor elt-2 is required for both immunity to salmonella enterica and expression of a c-type lectin gene, clec-67, whic ... | 2006 | 17183709 |
| assessment of human health vulnerability to climate variability and change in cuba. | in this study we assessed the potential effects of climate variability and change on population health in cuba. we describe the climate of cuba as well as the patterns of climate-sensitive diseases of primary concern, particularly dengue fever. analyses of the associations between climatic anomalies and disease patterns highlight current vulnerability to climate variability. we describe current adaptations, including the application of climate predictions to prevent disease outbreaks. finally, w ... | 2006 | 17185289 |
| infectious clones of chikungunya virus (la réunion isolate) for vector competence studies. | the recent outbreak of chikungunya virus (chikv) on several islands in the indian ocean and in india has focused attention on this reemerging virus and highlighted the need for development of new tools to study vector-virus-host interactions. we have constructed and characterized, in cell culture, aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes, infectious cdna clones of chikv using a recent isolate from la réunion island. comparison of the growth kinetics and infection rates of the viral isolate ch ... | 2006 | 17187566 |
| developing global climate anomalies suggest potential disease risks for 2006-2007. | el niño/southern oscillation (enso) related climate anomalies have been shown to have an impact on infectious disease outbreaks. the climate prediction center of the national oceanic and atmospheric administration (noaa/cpc) has recently issued an unscheduled el niño advisory, indicating that warmer than normal sea surface temperatures across the equatorial eastern pacific may have pronounced impacts on global tropical precipitation patterns extending into the northern hemisphere particularly ov ... | 2006 | 17194307 |
| fz2 and cdc42 mediate melanization and actin polymerization but are dispensable for plasmodium killing in the mosquito midgut. | the midgut epithelium of the mosquito malaria vector anopheles is a hostile environment for plasmodium, with most parasites succumbing to host defenses. this study addresses morphological and ultrastructural features associated with plasmodium berghei ookinete invasion in anopheles gambiae midguts to define the sites and possible mechanisms of parasite killing. we show by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence that the majority of ookinetes are killed in the extracellular space. ... | 2006 | 17196037 |
| mode of action of bacillus thuringiensis cry and cyt toxins and their potential for insect control. | bacillus thuringiensis crystal (cry) and cytolitic (cyt) protein families are a diverse group of proteins with activity against insects of different orders--lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera and also against other invertebrates such as nematodes. their primary action is to lyse midgut epithelial cells by inserting into the target membrane and forming pores. among this group of proteins, members of the 3-domain cry family are used worldwide for insect control, and their mode of action has been cha ... | 2007 | 17198720 |
| effect of novaluron (rimon 10 ec) on the mosquitoes anopheles albimanus, anopheles pseudopunctipennis, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus and culex quinquefasciatus from chiapas, mexico. | dengue fever is a serious problem in mexico and vector control has not been effective enough at preventing outbreaks. malaria is largely under control, but it is important that new control measures continue to be developed. novaluron, a novel host-specific insect growth regulator and chitin synthesis inhibitor, has proved to be effective against agricultural pests, but its efficacy against larval mosquito vectors under field conditions remains unknown. in accordance with the world health organiz ... | 2006 | 17199749 |
| identification and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the mosquito anopheles funestus, malaria vector. | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are the most common source of genetic variation in eukaryotic species and have become an important marker for genetic studies. the mosquito anopheles funestus is one of the major malaria vectors in africa and yet, prior to this study, no snps have been described for this species. here we report a genome-wide set of snp markers for use in genetic studies on this important human disease vector. | 2007 | 17204152 |
| chikungunya. | chikungunya fever is a viral disease transmitted to humans by the bite of infected aedes aegypti mosquito. like malaria and dengue, this infection has almost become endemic in india, especially central and south india. symptoms of sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, joint pain with or without swelling, low back pain, and rash are very similar to those of dengue but, unlike dengue, there is no hemorrhagic or shock syndrome form. chikungunya is a self-limiting illness with n ... | 2006 | 17212022 |
| cost-effective real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) to screen for dengue virus followed by rapid single-tube multiplex rt-pcr for serotyping of the virus. | virus detection methodology provides detection of dengue virus in the early phase of the disease. pcr, targeting cdna derived from viral rna, has been used as a laboratory-based molecular tool for the detection of dengue virus. we report the development and use of three real-time one-step reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) assays to detect dengue cases and serotype the virus involved. the first rt-pcr assay uses sybr green i as the reporting dye for the purpose of cost-effective screening for de ... | 2007 | 17215345 |
| laminin and a plasmodium ookinete surface protein inhibit melanotic encapsulation of sephadex beads in the hemocoel of mosquitoes. | in refractory mosquitoes, melanotic encapsulation of plasmodium ookinetes and oocysts is a commonly observed immune response. however, in susceptible mosquitoes, plasmodium oocysts develop extracellularly in the body cavity without being recognized by the immune system. like plasmodium gallinaceum oocysts, negatively charged carboxymethyl (cm)-sephadex beads implanted in the hemocoel of aedes aegypti female mosquitoes were not usually melanized, but were coated with mosquito-derived laminin. con ... | 2007 | 17224290 |
| use of capillary blood samples as a new approach for diagnosis of dengue virus infection. | we evaluated the use of capillary blood samples stored on filter papers for diagnosis of dengue virus infection. venous and capillary blood samples were collected from 130 patients suspected of having dengue fever. we compared the performances of standard reference methods using capillary blood samples absorbed onto filter papers versus venous blood samples. the resulting sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of tests performed on filter paper compared to those performed on ven ... | 2007 | 17229857 |
| concerted evolution within the drosophila dumpy gene. | we have determined by reverse southern analysis and direct sequence comparisons that most of the dumpy gene has evolved in the dipteran and other insect orders by purifying selection acting on amino acid replacements. one region, however, is evolving rapidly due to unequal crossing over and/or gene conversion. this region, called "pigsfeast," or pf, encodes in d. melanogaster 30-47 repeats of 102 amino acids rich in serines, threonines, and prolines. we show that the processes of concerted evolu ... | 2007 | 17237523 |
| experimental cutaneous bacillus anthracis infections in hairless hrs/j mice. | previous studies of experimental bacillus anthracis cutaneous infections in mice have implicated hair follicles as a likely entry site. hairless hrs/j mice were used to investigate this possibility because of their non-functional hair follicles that lack penetrating hair shafts. these mice also have diminished macrophage function, increased susceptibility to listeria, and enhanced neutrophil responses. hrs/j and balb/c mice were found to be resistant to epicutaneous inoculation with bacillus ant ... | 2007 | 17244341 |
| climate, mosquito indices and the epidemiology of dengue fever in trinidad (2002-2004). | between january 2002 and december 2004, a population-based study on the effects of climate and mosquito indices on the incidences of dengue fever (df) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) was conducted in trinidad, west indies. the incidence of df was 5.05 cases/1000 population in 2002, largely as the result of a major outbreak, but declined to 0.49 case/1000 in 2004. the monthly aedes aegypti (l.) breteau indices (bi) did not decline over the 3-year study period, however, but increased from a me ... | 2007 | 17244411 |
| high level of soluble expression in escherichia coli and characterisation of the cloned bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba domain iii fragment. | similar to the other known structures of bacillus thuringiensis cry delta-endotoxins, the crystal structure of the 65-kda activated cry4ba toxin comprises three domains which are, from the n- to c-terminus, a bundle of alpha-helices, a three-beta-sheet domain, and a beta-sandwich. to investigate the properties of the c-terminal domain iii in isolation from the rest of the toxin, the cloned cry4ba-domain iii was over-expressed as a 21-kda soluble protein in escherichia coli, which cross-reacted w ... | 2007 | 17244483 |
| an insight into the sialome of anopheles funestus reveals an emerging pattern in anopheline salivary protein families. | anopheles funestus, together with anopheles gambiae, is responsible for most malaria transmission in sub-saharan africa, but little is known about molecular aspects of its biology. to investigate the salivary repertoire of this mosquito, we randomly sequenced 916 clones from a salivary-gland cdna library from adult female f1 offspring of field-caught an. funestus. thirty-three protein sequences, mostly full-length transcripts, are predicted to be secreted salivary proteins. we additionally descr ... | 2007 | 17244545 |
| dynamics of immature stages of anopheles arabiensis and other mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) in relation to rice cropping in a rice agro-ecosystem in kenya. | we determined changes in species composition and densities of immature stages of anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in relation to rice growth cycle in order to generate data for developing larval control strategies in rice ecosystems. experimental rice paddies (6.3m x 3.15m) exposed to natural colonization of mosquitoes were sampled weekly for two rice growing cycles between february 2004 and march 2005. overall, 21,325 anopheles larvae were collected, of which 91.9% were 1st and 2nd instars and 8 ... | 2006 | 17249341 |
| physiological state of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti mosquitoes captured with mosquitraps in mirassol, são paulo, brazil. | we examined the best location in a house to install mosquitraps, sticky ovitraps that attract and capture aedes aegypti females and investigated the physiological state of captured female mosquitoes. the study was performed in a twenty-block area in mirassol, são paulo state, brazil, in which five blocks were randomly chosen for mosquitrap installation. in each block, four houses were selected for the installation of eight traps: four indoors (bedroom, living room, bathroom, and kitchen) and fou ... | 2006 | 17249346 |
| the effect of host type on movement patterns of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) into and out of experimental huts in thailand. | flight behavior studies were carried out from december 2004 through february 2005 at two sites in thailand to compare the movement patterns of aedes aegypti into and out of experimental huts baited with a human host, dog host, or without a host using a mark-release-recapture study design. studies were conducted in isolated villages of kanchanaburi and chiang mai provinces, thailand. in the presence of a human host only 4.9% (39/800) of the ae. aegypti females departed the hut as compared to 46.5 ... | 2006 | 17249349 |
| factors affecting mosquito production from stormwater drains and catch basins in two florida cities. | mosquito production from drains and catch basins in the cities of vero beach and key west, fl were monitored from may 2004 through august 2005. a total of 48,787 mosquitoes were captured during the study. of these, over 99% belonged to two species, culex nigripalpus theobald (2,630) and culex quinquefasciatus say (45,946). other species collected included culex restuans theobald, culex salinarius coquillett, aedes aegypti (l.), aedes albopictus (skuse), and uranotaenia lowii theobald. significan ... | 2006 | 17249351 |
| differences in performance of aedes aegypti larvae raised at different densities in tires and ovitraps under field conditions in argentina. | alteration of fitness components was assessed in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, in automobile tires and vases (ovitraps) under field conditions. larval numbers were manipulated in both kinds of containers to compare low, high, and control (natural) densities. densities were set from a census of a wild population, then doubling and reducing to half the mean crowding, m*. artificially altered densities were not high or low enough to produce differences among treatments. tires generated ... | 2006 | 17249355 |
| aedes aegypti survival and dengue transmission patterns in french guiana. | field survival of aedes aegypti females is a key parameter for estimating the dengue transmission potential of a mosquito population. the objectives of this study were to explore the dynamics of these survival rates at different times of the year in french guiana and to analyze the results from the perspective of dengue patterns. the mosquitoes were captured, marked, released, and recaptured during four consecutive days in six houses every month, for three to 24 months, from january 1997 to dece ... | 2006 | 17249358 |
| medicinal chemistry and pharmacology of genus tripterygium (celastraceae). | plants in the genus tripterygium, such as tripterygium wilfordii hook.f., have a long history of use in traditional chinese medicine. in recent years there has been considerable interest in the use of tripterygium extracts and of the main bioactive constituent, the diterpene triepoxide triptolide (1), to treat a variety of autoimmune and inflammation-related conditions. the main mode of action of the tripterygium extracts and triptolide (1) is the inhibition of expression of proinflammatory gene ... | 2007 | 17250858 |
| individual and gender fingerprints in human body odour. | individuals are thought to have their own distinctive scent, analogous to a signature or fingerprint. to test this idea, we collected axillary sweat, urine and saliva from 197 adults from a village in the austrian alps, taking five sweat samples per subject over 10 weeks using a novel skin sampling device. we analysed samples using stir bar sorptive extraction in connection with thermal desorption gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (gc-ms), and then we statistically analysed the chromatographic ... | 2007 | 17251141 |
| field evaluation of the efficacy of proprietary repellent formulations with ir3535 and picaridin against aedes aegypti. | seven proprietary repellent formulations (3 hydro-alcoholic spray solutions and 4 skin lotions) with active ingredient ir3,535 (ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate, ebaap) or picaridin (hydroxyethyl isobutyl piperidine carboxylate, kbr 3,023, bayrepel) were tested in a field study on 10 test persons over a period of 10 h for their efficacy at preventing bites. the tests were conducted in belo horizonte, brazil on field populations of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. the concentration of the ... | 2007 | 17252270 |
| mosquitoes do senesce: departure from the paradigm of constant mortality. | although variation in mortality is considered by virtually all vector-borne disease specialists to be one of the most important determinants of an arthropod's capacity to transmit pathogens, the operational assumption often is that insect vector mortality is independent of age. acceptance of the non-senescence assumption leads to the erroneous conclusion that mosquito age is unimportant, results in misleading predictions regarding disease reductions after vector control, and represses study of o ... | 2007 | 17255238 |
| mapping a quantitative trait locus (qtl) conferring pyrethroid resistance in the african malaria vector anopheles funestus. | pyrethroid resistance in anopheles funestus populations has led to an increase in malaria transmission in southern africa. resistance has been attributed to elevated activities of cytochrome p450s but the molecular basis underlying this metabolic resistance is unknown. microsatellite and snp markers were used to construct a linkage map and to detect a quantitative trait locus (qtl) associated with pyrethroid resistance in the fumoz-r strain of an. funestus from mozambique. | 2007 | 17261170 |
| transcription profiling of a recently colonised pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae strain from ghana. | mosquito resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides used to treat bednets threatens the sustainability of malaria control in sub-saharan africa. while the impact of target site insensitivity alleles is being widely discussed the implications of insecticide detoxification--though equally important--remains elusive. the successful development of new tools for malaria intervention and management requires a comprehensive understanding of insecticide resistance, including metabolic resistance mechanis ... | 2007 | 17261191 |
| spatial and sex-specific dissection of the anopheles gambiae midgut transcriptome. | the midgut of hematophagous insects, such as disease transmitting mosquitoes, carries out a variety of essential functions that mostly relate to blood feeding. the midgut of the female malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae is a major site of interactions between the parasite and the vector. distinct compartments and cell types of the midgut tissue carry out specific functions and vector borne pathogens interact and infect different parts of the midgut. | 2007 | 17261194 |
| dengue virus type 2: replication and tropisms in orally infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | to be transmitted by its mosquito vector, dengue virus (denv) must infect midgut epithelial cells, replicate and disseminate into the hemocoel, and finally infect the salivary glands, which is essential for transmission. the extrinsic incubation period (eip) is very relevant epidemiologically and is the time required from the ingestion of virus until it can be transmitted to the next vertebrate host. the eip is conditioned by the kinetics and tropisms of virus replication in its vector. here we ... | 2007 | 17263893 |
| [biology and thermal exigency of aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) from four bioclimatic localities of paraíba]. | the present work aimed at estimating the thermal requirements for the development and the number of generations per year of aedes aegypti (l.) under natural conditions. the life cycle of a. aegypti populations was studied at constant temperatures of 18, 22, 26, 30 and 34 degrees c, and 12 h photophase. the development period, egg viability and larval and pupal survival were evaluated daily as well as adult longevity and fecundity. the low threshold temperature of development (tb) and the thermal ... | 2006 | 17273720 |
| efficiency of salivary gland invasion by malaria sporozoites is controlled by rapid sporozoite destruction in the mosquito haemocoel. | for successful transmission to the vertebrate host, malaria sporozoites must migrate from the mosquito midgut to the salivary glands. here, using purified sporozoites inoculated into the mosquito haemocoel, we show that salivary gland invasion is inefficient and that sporozoites have a narrow window of opportunity for salivary gland invasion. only 19% of sporozoites invade the salivary glands, all invasion occurs within 8h at a rate of approximately 200 sporozoites per hour, and sporozoites that ... | 2007 | 17275826 |
| carboxypeptidases b of anopheles gambiae as targets for a plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking vaccine. | anopheles gambiae is the major african vector of plasmodium falciparum, the most deadly species of human malaria parasite and the most prevalent in africa. several strategies are being developed to limit the global impact of malaria via reducing transmission rates, among which are transmission-blocking vaccines (tbvs), which induce in the vertebrate host the production of antibodies that inhibit parasite development in the mosquito midgut. so far, the most promising components of a tbv are paras ... | 2007 | 17283100 |
| reemergence of dengue virus type 4, french antilles and french guiana, 2004-2005. | | 2006 | 17283628 |
| genotype iii saint louis encephalitis virus outbreak, argentina, 2005. | twenty-six years after it was last detected, saint louis encephalitis virus (slev) genotype iii reemerged in 2005 in c6rdoba, argentina, where it caused an outbreak. two genotype iii slev strains were isolated from culex quinquefasciatus. a 71.43% prevalence for neutralizing antibodies was found in domestic fowl in the homestead of a patient with encephalitis. | 2006 | 17283629 |
| nhe8 mediates amiloride-sensitive na+/h+ exchange across mosquito malpighian tubules and catalyzes na+ and k+ transport in reconstituted proteoliposomes. | following a blood meal, the mosquito aedes aegypti will have acquired an enormous sodium load that must be rapidly excreted to restore ion homeostasis. it is a process that demands robust sodium and fluid transport capabilities. even though the identities of the components involved in this ion transport across the mosquito malpighian tubule epithelia have not been completely determined, electrophysiological studies suggest the contribution of a na(+)/h(+) exchanger extruding cations into the lum ... | 2007 | 17287198 |
| [insects know no border.]. | one of the major consequences of the joined action of demographic pressure and evolution of human activities lies in enormous increase of transportation, both in frequence and speed; taking advantage of these facilities, some arthropods could increase their geographical distribution and create new health threats. several demonstrative examples are exposed in order to illustrate this anthropic dissemination of the vectors : the introduction of anopheles gambiae s.l. in mauritius island between 18 ... | 1996 | 17292311 |
| higher genetic variation estimated by microsatellites compared to isoenzyme markers in aedes aegypti from rio de janeiro. | aedes aegypti populations from five districts in rio de janeiro were analyzed using five microsatellites and six isoenzyme markers, to assess the amount of variation and patterns of gene flow at local levels. microsatellite loci were polymorphic enough to detect genetic differentiation of populations collected at small geographic scales (e.g. within a city). ae. aegypti populations were highly differentiated as well in the city center as in the outskirt. thus, dengue virus propagation by mosquit ... | 2006 | 17293988 |
| replication of flock house virus in three genera of medically important insects. | flock house virus (family nodaviridae, genus alphanodavirus, fhv) was originally isolated from grass grubs costelytra zealandica (white) (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) in new zealand and belongs to a family of divided genome, plus-sense rna insect viruses. fhv replicates in insects, a nematode, plants, and yeast. we previously reported replication of fhv in four genera of mosquitoes and expression of green fluorescent protein in aedes aegypti (l.) produced by an fhv-based vector. we report here that ... | 2007 | 17294927 |
| passage of ingested mansonella ozzardi (spirurida: onchocercidae) microfilariae through the midgut of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | when virus and microfilariae are ingested concurrently by a mosquito, microfilariae (mf) may penetrate the mosquito midgut and introduce virus directly into the mosquito hemocoel, allowing mosquitoes to become infectious much sooner than normal and enhancing transmission of viruses by mosquitoes. mansonella ozzardi (manson) is a benign filarial nematode parasite of humans in latin america and is transmitted by black flies (diptera: simuliidae) and biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae). becaus ... | 2007 | 17294928 |
| persistence of dengue virus rna in dried aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) exposed to natural tropical conditions. | aedes aegypti (l.) is the primary vector of dengue viruses, a group of four serotypic single-stranded rna viruses. dengue virus rna can be readily detected in fresh or dried infected mosquitoes by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the current study examined the persistence and limit of dengue virus rna detection in infected ae. aegypti killed and exposed to natural ambient tropical conditions of temperature and humidity. under relatively harsh conditions, dengue rna ... | 2007 | 17294936 |
| short-hairpin rna expressed from polymerase iii promoters mediates rna interference in mosquito cells. | putative u6snrna polymerase iii (poliii) promoters were cloned from the anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti genomes. the poliii promoters were tested for their ability to express short-hairpin rna (shrna) targeted to firefly luciferase and to mediate rna interference (rnai) knockdown of a co-transfected luciferase reporter gene vector in ag-55 anopheles gambiae and atc-10 aedes aegypti cells. promoters capable of silencing expression of the co-transfected luciferase plasmid by up to 95% in ag-55 ... | 2007 | 17298556 |
| gp35 anoal, an abundant acidic glycoprotein of female anopheles albimanus saliva. | salivary glands of female mosquitoes produce proteins, not completely described yet, that participate in carbohydrate and blood feeding. here, we report an acidic glycoprotein of 35 kda (gp35 anoal) secreted in the saliva of the malaria vector mosquito anopheles albimanus. gp35 anoal is produced exclusively in the distal lateral lobes of adult female salivary glands, it has a pi of 4.45 and is negatively stained by regular silver stain. an 888 bp cdna clone encoding a predicted product of 240 am ... | 2007 | 17298558 |
| characterization of two globin genes from the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae: divergent origin of nematoceran haemoglobins. | the chironomid midges are the only insects that harbour true haemoglobin in their haemolymph. here we report the identification of haemoglobin genes in two other nematoceran species. two paralogous haemoglobin genes (glob1 and glob2) from the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae were cloned and sequenced. furthermore, we identified two orthologous haemoglobin genes in the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. all four haemoglobins were predicted to be intracellular proteins, with the amino acids re ... | 2007 | 17298561 |
| review: artificial container-breeding mosquitoes and cemeteries: a perfect match. | artificial container-breeding mosquitoes, such as aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, and culex pipiens, are well-recognized vectors of diseases throughout the world. cemeteries are considered major sources of mosquitoes and the results of more than 30 studies concerning mosquitoes in cemeteries have been published over the last decade. the characteristics of these environments in regard to the availability of resources for mosquito development were discussed. also, studies about early detection of a ... | 2007 | 17300639 |
| an adenovirus prime/plasmid boost strategy for induction of equipotent immune responses to two dengue virus serotypes. | dengue is a public health problem of global significance for which there is neither an effective antiviral therapy nor a preventive vaccine. it is a mosquito-borne viral disease, caused by dengue (den) viruses, which are members of the flaviviridae family. there are four closely related serotypes, den-1, den-2, den-3 and den-4, each of which is capable of causing disease. as immunity to any one serotype can potentially sensitize an individual to severe disease during exposure to a heterologous s ... | 2007 | 17302980 |
| distinct roles of broad isoforms in regulation of the 20-hydroxyecdysone effector gene, vitellogenin, in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | we investigated the role of the mosquito broad (br) gene in regulating the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) effector vitellogenin (vg) gene. injection of double-stranded rna corresponding to the br isoform z2 led to a significant decrease in expression of the vg gene at 8 and 24h post-blood meal. knockdown of z1 or z4 resulted in enhanced vg expression beyond its normal expression time. in vitro studies suggested that the effects of br require its direct binding to the vg promoter, as well as protein-pr ... | 2007 | 17303321 |
| laboratory and field assessment of some kairomone blends for host-seeking aedes aegypti. | using laboratory y-tube olfactometers, the attractiveness of lactic acid and 2 kairomone blends from the united states department of agriculture (usda) and biogents gmbh (bg) was assessed for attractiveness to aedes aegypti. four geographically disparate populations were assessed: north queensland australia (nqa), florida usa, minas gerais brazil (mgb), and singapore. in descending order, populations were attracted to usda, bg blends, and lactic acid. mgb was poorly attracted to lactic acid alon ... | 2006 | 17304931 |
| mechanisms of insecticide resistance in field populations of aedes aegypti (l.) from quintana roo, southern mexico. | potential insecticide-resistance mechanisms were studied with the use of biochemical assays in aedes aegypti (l.) collected from 5 municipalities representing the north part of quintana roo: benito juarez, cozumel, isla mujeres, lazaro cardenas, and solidaridad. the activities of alpha and beta esterases, mixed-function oxidases (mfo), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), acethylcholinesterase (ache), and insensitive acethylcholinesterase (iache) were assayed in microplates. three replicates were pe ... | 2006 | 17304936 |
| vector control complements mass drug administration against bancroftian filariasis in tirukoilur, india. | to determine the role of vector control in further decreasing the transmission of bancroftian filariasis achieved by mass drug administration and the long-term impact on filariometric indices. | 2007 | 17308735 |
| comparison of mosquito control programs in seven urban sites in africa, the middle east, and the americas. | mosquito control programs at seven urban sites in kenya, egypt, israel, costa rica, and trinidad are described and compared. site-specific urban and disease characteristics, organizational diagrams, and strengths, weaknesses, obstacles and threats (swot) analysis tools are used to provide a descriptive assessment of each mosquito control program, and provide a comparison of the factors affecting mosquito abatement. the information for swot analysis is collected from surveys, focus-group discussi ... | 2007 | 17316882 |
| dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever: history and current status. | dengue fever (df) is an old disease; the first record of a clinically compatible disease being recorded in a chinese medical encyclopaedia in 992. as the global shipping industry expanded in the 18th and 19th centuries, port cities grew and became more urbanized, creating ideal conditions for the principal mosquito vector, aedes aegypti. both the mosquitoes and the viruses were thus spread to new geographic areas causing major epidemics. because dispersal was by sailing ship, however, there were ... | 2006 | 17319151 |
| congenital syndactyly in cattle: four novel mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 gene (lrp4). | isolated syndactyly in cattle, also known as mulefoot, is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with variable penetrance in different cattle breeds. recently, two independent mutations in the bovine lrp4 gene have been reported as the primary cause of syndactyly in the holstein and angus cattle breeds. | 2007 | 17319939 |
| mixed breeding of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus skuse in four dengue endemic areas in kuala lumpur and selangor, malaysia. | ovitrap surveillance was conducted in four dengue endemic areas in kuala lumpur and selangor, malaysia to determine the distribution and percentage of mixed breeding of both aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. the percentage of mixed breeding in all study sites both indoors and outdoors accounted for 10 to 32 % from the total ovitraps collected. ae. aegypti was found at a higher frequency than ae. albopictus in these ovitraps. this study again indicates that ovitrap is a sensitive tool to attrac ... | 2006 | 17322826 |
| transferrin in the mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae), up-regulated upon infection and development of the filarial parasite, wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) (spirurida: onchocercidae). | transferrin is a defence protein known to be up-regulated upon infection of parasites/pathogens in aedes aegypti mosquito. however, no information is available on its up-regulation in culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of bancroftian filarial parasite. in the present study, enhancement of transferrin in c. quinquefasciatus infected with wuchereria bancrofti is demonstrated through amplification of the specific mosquito transcript, its sequencing, cloning, and expression. by using two oligonucleo ... | 2007 | 17323140 |
| ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in british columbia, canada. | the use of medicinal plants is an option for livestock farmers who are not allowed to use allopathic drugs under certified organic programs or cannot afford to use allopathic drugs for minor health problems of livestock. | 2007 | 17324258 |
| vaccine candidates for dengue virus type 1 (den1) generated by replacement of the structural genes of rden4 and rden4delta30 with those of den1. | antigenic chimeric viruses have previously been generated in which the structural genes of recombinant dengue virus type 4 (rden4) have been replaced with those derived from den2 or den3. two vaccine candidates were identified, rden2/4delta30(me) and rden3/4delta30(me), which contain the membrane (m) precursor and envelope (e) genes of den2 and den3, respectively, and a 30 nucleotide deletion (delta30) in the 3' untranslated region of the den4 backbone. based on the promising preclinical phenoty ... | 2007 | 17328799 |
| repellency of essential oils extracted from plants in thailand against four mosquito vectors (diptera: culicidae) and oviposition deterrent effects against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | in this study we evaluated and reported repellent effects of essential oils from thai plants against 4 mosquito vectors: aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, anopheles. dirus and culex quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions using human volunteers. the essential oils were extracted from 18 plant species, belonging to 11 families, and the oils were then prepared as 10% solution in absolute ethanol with additives. two chemical repellents, deet and ir3535, were also prepared in the same formulation ... | 2006 | 17333734 |
| climatic factors associated with epidemic dengue in palembang, indonesia: implications of short-term meteorological events on virus transmission. | an extensive outbreak of dengue fever and dengue hemorhagic fever occurred in the city of palembang, south sumatra, indonesia from late 1997 through march/april 1998. all surveyed administrative areas (kelurahan) in palembang were found to be 'permissive' for dengue virus transmission; and all areas that had aedes (subgenus stegomyia) larval mosquitoes in abundance experienced increased cases of dhf during the epidemic. the aedes house index (hi) for combined aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus w ... | 2006 | 17333762 |
| cloning and characterization of a novel crystal protein from a native bacillus thuringiensis isolate highly active against aedes aegypti. | we characterized a novel bacillus thuringiensis isolate native to argentina (fcc 41) that exhibits a mosquitocidal activity higher than the reference b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. this isolate shows a rounded crystal harboring two major proteins of about 70-80 kda. moreover, we cloned and sequenced the encoding gene of one of the crystal proteins (cry) consisting of an open reading frame of 2061 pb that encodes a protein of 687 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence has a pr ... | 2007 | 17334846 |
| repellent and adulticide efficacy of a combination containing 10% imidacloprid and 50% permethrin against aedes aegypti mosquitoes on dogs. | this study was conducted to assess the repellent and adulticide efficacy of the combination containing 10% imidacloprid and 50% permethrin against aedes aegypti mosquitoes on dogs. blood-feeding success rates of the mosquitoes that were exposed to the treated dogs were 4.9 and 4.4% on days 3 and 7 post the combination application (pca), respectively, and blood-feeding success rates increased to 6.3, 12.8, and 24.5% on days 14, 21, and 28 pca, respectively. blood-feeding success rates between the ... | 2007 | 17334968 |
| proteolytic activation of pro-spätzle is required for the induced transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes in lepidopteran insects. | microbial infection leads to proteolytic activation of drosophila spätzle, which binds to the toll receptor and induces the synthesis of immune proteins. to test whether or not this mechanism exists in lepidopteran insects, we cloned the cdna of bombyx mori spätzle-1 and overexpressed the full-length and truncated bmspz1 cdna in escherichia coli. the insoluble fusion proteins were affinity-purified under denaturing condition. after the silkworm larvae were injected with renatured bmspz1, mrna le ... | 2007 | 17337053 |
| uninfected mosquito bites confer protection against infection with malaria parasites. | despite decades of research and multiple initiatives, malaria continues to be one of the world's most debilitating infectious diseases. new insights for malaria control and vaccine development will be essential to thwart the staggering worldwide impact of this disease (a. bjorkman and a. bhattarai, acta trop. 94:163-169, 2005); ultimately successful vaccine strategies will undoubtedly be multifactorial, incorporating multiple antigens and targeting diverse aspects of the malaria parasites' biolo ... | 2007 | 17339356 |
| evidence for a population expansion in the west nile virus vector culex tarsalis. | population genetic structure of the west nile virus vector culex tarsalis was investigated in 5 states in the western united states using 5 microsatellite loci and a fragment of the mitochondrial reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase 4 (nd4) gene. nd4 sequence analysis revealed a lack of isolation by distance, panmixia across all populations, an excess of rare haplotypes, and a star-like phylogeny. microsatellites revealed moderate genetic differentiation and isolation ... | 2007 | 17339636 |
| dengue in the americas and southeast asia: do they differ? | the populations of southeast asia (se asia) and tropical america are similar, and all four dengue viruses of asian origin are endemic in both regions. yet, during comparable 5-year periods, se asia experienced 1.16 million cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf), principally in children, whereas in the americas there were 2.8 million dengue fever (df) cases, principally in adults, and only 65,000 dhf cases. this review aims to explain these regional differences. in se asia, world war ii amplifie ... | 2006 | 17341332 |
| chikungunya epidemic: an indian perspective. | chikungunya, caused by the chikungunya virus, recently emerged as an important public health problem in the indian ocean islands and india. in 2006, an estimated 1.38 million people across southern and central india developed symptomatic disease. the incidence of the disease may have been higher but may have been underreported due to lack of accurate reporting. first isolated in tanzania in 1953, the chikungunya virus belongs to the family togaviridae (single-stranded rna alphaviruses) and has 3 ... | 2006 | 17343016 |
| outer surface protein b is critical for borrelia burgdorferi adherence and survival within ixodes ticks. | survival of borrelia burgdorferi in ticks and mammals is facilitated, at least in part, by the selective expression of lipoproteins. outer surface protein (osp) a participates in spirochete adherence to the tick gut. as ospb is expressed on a bicistronic operon with ospa, we have now investigated the role of ospb by generating an ospb-deficient b. burgdorferi and examining its phenotype throughout the spirochete life cycle. similar to wild-type isolates, the ospb-deficient b. burgdorferi were ab ... | 2007 | 17352535 |
| novel sex pheromone desaturases in the genomes of corn borers generated through gene duplication and retroposon fusion. | the biosynthesis of female moth sex pheromone blends is controlled by a number of different enzymes, many of which are encoded by members of multigene families. one such multigene family, the acyl-coa desaturases, is composed of certain genes that function as key players in moth sex pheromone biosynthesis. although much is known regarding the function of some of these genes, very little is known regarding how novel genes have evolved within this family and how this might impact the establishment ... | 2007 | 17360547 |
| c-src protein kinase inhibitors block assembly and maturation of dengue virus. | dengue virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that represents an important emerging infectious disease and is an international health concern. currently, there is no vaccine or effective antiviral therapy to prevent or to treat dengue virus infection. the slow progress in developing antiviral agents might be alleviated by the availability of efficient high-throughput anti-dengue virus screening assays. in this study, we report an immunofluorescence image-based assay suitable for identification of ... | 2007 | 17360676 |
| effect of infection by plasmodium falciparum on the melanization immune response of anopheles gambiae. | melanization is an immune response of mosquitoes that could potentially limit plasmodium development. that mosquitoes rarely melanize plasmodium falciparum in natural populations might result from immuno-suppression by the parasite, as has been observed in aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected by plasmodium gallinaceum. we tested this possibility in anopheles gambiae mosquitoes infected by p. falciparum by comparing the ability to melanize a sephadex bead of infected mosquitoes, of mosquitoes that h ... | 2007 | 17360870 |
| persistence of brugia malayi dna in vector and non-vector mosquitoes: implications for xenomonitoring and transmission monitoring of lymphatic filariasis. | xenomonitoring (detection of filarial larvae or their dna in mosquitoes) is a sensitive marker for assessing the endemicity of filariasis and a useful tool for evaluating elimination programs. to examine the fate of microfilariae (mf) and filarial dna in vector competent and non-competent mosquito strains, we compared the detection of brugia malayi parasites by dissection and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in three different mosquito strains. we conclude that pcr is mu ... | 2007 | 17360875 |
| cost effectiveness of aedes aegypti control programmes: participatory versus vertical. | we conducted an economic appraisal of two strategies for aedes aegypti control: a vertical versus a community-based approach. costs were calculated for the period 2000-2002 in three pilot areas of santiago de cuba where a community intervention was implemented and compared with three control areas with routine vertical programme activities. reduction in a. aegypti foci was chosen as the measure of effectiveness. the pre-intervention number of foci (614 vs. 632) and economical costs for vector co ... | 2007 | 17368696 |
| an entomological study on the dengue vectors during outbreak of dengue in tiruppur town and its surroundings, tamil nadu, india. | tiruppur town and its surroundings of tamil nadu state had reported the rise in dengue cases and some deaths during july, 2005. a team from nicd branch, coonoor investigated the outbreak of dengue during august, 2005. due to acute scarcity of water, people in tiruppur town and surrounding rural areas store water in cement tanks and other containers which facilitated the prolific breeding of the dengue vector mosquitoes. the aedes aegypti adult and larval survey conducted in randomly selected are ... | 2006 | 17370680 |
| transgenic malaria-resistant mosquitoes have a fitness advantage when feeding on plasmodium-infected blood. | the introduction of genes that impair plasmodium development into mosquito populations is a strategy being considered for malaria control. the effect of the transgene on mosquito fitness is a crucial parameter influencing the success of this approach. we have previously shown that anopheline mosquitoes expressing the sm1 peptide in the midgut lumen are impaired for transmission of plasmodium berghei. moreover, the transgenic mosquitoes had no noticeable fitness load compared with nontransgenic m ... | 2007 | 17372227 |
| discriminative feeding behaviour of anopheles gambiae s.s. on endemic plants in western kenya. | anopheles gambiae giles s.s. (diptera: culicidae) is known to feed on plant sugars, but this is the first experimental study to consider whether it discriminates between plant species. thirteen perennial plant species were selected on the basis of their local availability within the vicinity of human dwellings and larval habitats of an. gambiae s.s. in western kenya. groups of 100 or 200 mosquitoes were released into cages either with a cutting of one plant type at a time (single-plant assay) or ... | 2007 | 17373953 |
| effect of the antimicrobial peptide gomesin against different life stages of plasmodium spp. | while seeking strategies for interfering with plasmodium development in vertebrate/invertebrate hosts, we tested the activity of gomesin, an antimicrobial peptide isolated from the hemocytes of the spider acanthoscurria gomesiana. gomesin was tested against asexual, sexual and pre-sporogonic forms of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghei parasites. the peptide inhibited the in vitro growth of intraerythrocytic forms of p. falciparum. when gomesin was added to in vitro culture of p. berghe ... | 2007 | 17376436 |
| synergy between repellents and non-pyrethroid insecticides strongly extends the efficacy of treated nets against anopheles gambiae. | to manage the kdr pyrethroid-resistance in anopheline malaria vectors, new compounds or new strategies are urgently needed. recently, mixing repellents (deet) and a non-pyrethroid insecticide (propoxur) was shown to be as effective as deltamethrin, a standard pyrethroid, under laboratory conditions, because of a strong synergy between the two compounds. in the present study, the interactions between two repellents (deet and kbr 3023) and a non-pyrethroid insecticide (pyrimiphos methyl or pm) on ... | 2007 | 17394646 |
| structurally conserved aromaticity of tyr249 and phe264 in helix 7 is important for toxicity of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin. | functional elements of the conserved helix 7 in the poreforming domain of the bacillus thuringiensis cry delta- endotoxins have not yet been clearly identified. here, we initially performed alanine substitutions of four highly conserved aromatic residues, trp(243), phe(246), tyr(249) and phe(264), in helix 7 of the cry4ba mosquito-larvicidal protein. all mutant toxins were overexpressed in escherichia coli as 130-kda protoxins at levels comparable to the wild-type. bioassays against stegomyia ae ... | 2007 | 17394765 |
| solution structure of the envelope protein domain iii of dengue-4 virus. | the disease dengue (den) is caused by four serologically related viruses termed den1, den2, den3 and den4. the structure of the ectodomain of the envelope protein has been determined previously for den2 and den3 viruses. using nmr spectroscopic methods, we solved the solution structure of domain iii (ed3), the receptor-binding domain, of the envelope protein of den4 virus, human strain 703-4. the structure shows that the nine amino acid changes in ed3 that separate the sylvatic and human den4 st ... | 2007 | 17395234 |
| a novel human ap endonuclease with conserved zinc-finger-like motifs involved in dna strand break responses. | dna damage causes genome instability and cell death, but many of the cellular responses to dna damage still remain elusive. we here report a human protein, palf (pnk and aptx-like fha protein), with an fha (forkhead-associated) domain and novel zinc-finger-like cyr (cysteine-tyrosine-arginine) motifs that are involved in responses to dna damage. we found that the cyr motif is widely distributed among dna repair proteins of higher eukaryotes, and that palf, as well as a drosophila protein with ta ... | 2007 | 17396150 |
| bacterial infection of fly ovaries reduces egg production and induces local hemocyte activation. | morbidity, the state of being diseased, is an important aspect of pathogenesis that has gone relatively unstudied in fruit flies. our interest is in characterizing how bacterial pathogenesis affects various physiologies of the fly. we chose to examine the fly ovary because we found bacterial infection had a striking effect on fly reproduction. we observed decreased egg laying after bacterial infection that correlated with increased bacterial virulence. we also found that bacteria colonized the o ... | 2007 | 17400292 |
| a novel aminopeptidase in the fat body of the moth achaea janata as a receptor for bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins and its comparison with midgut aminopeptidase. | bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins bind to cell-surface receptors which represent a family of aminopeptidases [apn (aminopeptidase n)] present on the brush border membrane of insect midgut cells of susceptible insects leading to pore formation and death of the insect. we report here for the first time the presence of a novel apn in the fat body of the moth achaea janata. northern blotting detected at least one apn-specific transcript in the fat body, whereas two transcripts of ... | 2007 | 17402938 |
| genetic determinants of sindbis virus strain tr339 affecting midgut infection in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | mosquito midgut epithelial cells (mec) play a major role in determining whether an arbovirus can successfully infect and be transmitted by mosquitoes. the sindbis virus (sinv) strain tr339 efficiently infects aedes aegypti mec but the sinv strain te/5'2j poorly infects mec. sinv determinants for mec infection have been localized to the e2 glycoprotein. the e2 amino acid sequences of tr339 and te/5'2j differ at two sites, e2-55 and e2-70. we have altered the te/5'2j virus genome by site-directed ... | 2007 | 17412985 |
| binding of cyt1aa and cry11aa toxins of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis to brush border membrane vesicles of tipula paludosa (diptera: nematocera) and subsequent pore formation. | bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) produces four insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) (cry4a, cry4b, cry11a, and cyt1a). toxicity of recombinant b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strains expressing only one of the toxins was determined with first instars of tipula paludosa (diptera: nematocera). cyt1a was the most toxic protein, whereas cry4a, cry4b, and cry11a were virtually nontoxic. synergistic effects were recorded when cry4a and/or cry4b was c ... | 2007 | 17416690 |
| spread of the tiger: global risk of invasion by the mosquito aedes albopictus. | aedes albopictus, commonly known as the asian tiger mosquito, is currently the most invasive mosquito in the world. it is of medical importance due to its aggressive daytime human-biting behavior and ability to vector many viruses, including dengue, lacrosse, and west nile. invasions into new areas of its potential range are often initiated through the transportation of eggs via the international trade in used tires. we use a genetic algorithm, genetic algorithm for rule set production (garp), t ... | 2007 | 17417960 |
| mortality and reproductive dynamics of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) fed human blood. | mortality is a critical factor in determining a mosquito's ability to transmit pathogens. we investigated the effect of human blood feeding and reproduction on mortality of the dengue virus vector, aedes aegypti, by conducting a life-table study of male and female mosquitoes maintained on one of three diets: 10% sucrose, human blood or human blood plus 10% sucrose. we examined the effect of host availability by offering human blood to mosquitoes every day or every other day. mortality of females ... | 2007 | 17417961 |
| daily survival rates and dispersal of aedes aegypti females in rio de janeiro, brazil. | daily survival rates, life expectancy, dispersal, and parity are important components of vectorial capacity of aedes aegypti. these parameters were estimated for mosquito populations from a slum and a suburban district in rio de janeiro, during the wet and dry seasons in 2005. in each mark-release-recapture experiment, three cohorts of dust-marked ae. aegypti females were released. recaptures were carried out daily in randomly selected houses, using backpack aspirators, adult traps, and sticky o ... | 2007 | 17426166 |
| critical evaluation of quantitative sampling methods for aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) immatures in water storage containers in vietnam. | in response to an identified paucity of information on the size and composition of immature aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) populations in large field containers, we assessed net sampling and pumping/sieving methods for estimating and enumerating third (iii)/fourth (iv) instar and pupal populations. sweep net detection thresholds (number above which > or = 90% chance of a positive sample) were < or = 28 immatures for seven different container types (115-3000 liter jars and tanks) in the ... | 2007 | 17427686 |
| differential survival of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) larvae exposed to low temperatures in taiwan. | aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) differ in their distribution in taiwan. the former species is distributed in the south of taiwan, whereas the latter is found throughout the island. one possible explanation proposes that low temperatures in the winter prevent the expansion of ae. aegypti. hence, the impact of low temperatures on immatures of both species was studied in the laboratory and in the field. our study showed that, under most conditions, ae. aegypti were more sensitive to ... | 2007 | 17427687 |
| impact of a bifenthrin-treated lethal ovitrap on aedes aegypti oviposition and mortality in north queensland, australia. | lethal ovitraps (los) containing an insecticide-treated ovistrip are used as a lure-and-kill device for the container-breeding dengue vector, aedes aegypti (l.). we aimed to affirm that the pyrethroid bifenthrin could be used effectively in los against ae. aegypti in north queensland, australia, by quantifying oviposition in and mortality caused by los. small cage experiments in which individual gravid ae. aegypti were given a choice of los and untreated ovitraps revealed that although los were ... | 2007 | 17427694 |
| aedes aegypti population sampling using bg-sentinel traps in north queensland australia: statistical considerations for trap deployment and sampling strategy. | bg-sentinel mosquito traps were trialed as a tool for the rapid assessment (24-h collections) and routine monitoring (72-h collections) of adult aedes aegypti l. populations in north queensland. analysis of ae. aegypti collections using bg-sentinels set in suburban cairns for 24 h permitted the calculation of sample size for a range of precision levels. clusters of houses with bg-sentinels operating continuously for 15 d, with collections every 72 h, also permitted required sample size calculati ... | 2007 | 17427707 |