| heated oligonucleotide ligation assay (hola): an affordable single nucleotide polymorphism assay. | most single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) detection requires expensive equipment and reagents. the oligonucleotide ligation assay (ola) is an inexpensive snp assay that detects ligation between a biotinylated "allele-specific detector" and a 3' fluorescein-labeled "reporter" oligonucleotide. no ligation occurs unless the 3' detector nucleotide is complementary to the snp nucleotide. the original ola used chemical denaturation and neutralization. heated ola (hola) instead uses a thermal stable li ... | 2006 | 16619605 |
| plasmodium development in white-eye (kh(w)) and transformed strains (kh43) of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | xanthurenic acid (xa) has been implicated as an inducer in vivo of exflagellation in plasmodium spp. consequently, the development of plasmodium gallinaceum was assessed in a white-eye mosquito strain, kh(w), of aedes aegypti (l.), which is deficient in xa because of a mutation of the gene encoding the enzyme kynurenine hydroxylase, and in a transformed line of kh(w) mosquitoes that carry the wild-type cn+ gene of drosophila melanogaster meigen and express a functional enzyme necessary for xa pr ... | 2006 | 16619617 |
| structure of the functional form of the mosquito larvicidal cry4aa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis at a 2.8-angstrom resolution. | the cry4aa delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis is toxic to larvae of culex, anopheles, and aedes mosquitoes, which are vectors of important human tropical diseases. with the objective of designing modified toxins with improved potency that could be used as biopesticides, we determined the structure of this toxin in its functional form at a resolution of 2.8 angstroms. like other cry delta-endotoxins, the activated cry4aa toxin consists of three globular domains, a seven-alpha-helix bundl ... | 2006 | 16621834 |
| arthropod repellency, especially tick (ixodes ricinus), exerted by extract from artemisia abrotanum and essential oil from flowers of dianthus caryophyllum. | a toluene extract of southernwood (artemisia abrotanum) and the essential oil from flowers of carnation (dianthus caryophyllum ) exerted pronounced a repellent effect both against ticks (nymphs of ixodes ricinus) and yellow fever mosquitoes (aedes aegypti). the most potent repellents found were coumarin and thujyl alcohol from a. abrotanum and phenylethanol from d. caryophyllum where coumarin and thujyl alcohol were also detected. | 2006 | 16624501 |
| amplified fragment length polymorphism mapping of quantitative trait loci for malaria parasite susceptibility in the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti has been the subject of extensive genetic research due to its medical importance and the ease with which it can be manipulated in the laboratory. a molecular genetic linkage map was constructed using 148 amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and six single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) markers. eighteen aflp primer combinations were used to genotype two reciprocal f2 segregating populations. each primer combination generated an average of ... | 2006 | 16624910 |
| aedes aegypti pupal/demographic surveys in southern mexico: consistency and practicality. | in interventions aimed at the control of the immature stages of aedes aegypti (l.), the principal vector of the dengue viruses, attempts are often made to treat or manage all larval habitats in households. when there are resource-constraints, however, a concentration of effort on the types of container that produce the most pupae may be required. identification of these 'key' container types requires surveys of the immature stages and particularly - since these give the best estimates of the num ... | 2006 | 16630388 |
| sample-size requirements for developing strategies, based on the pupal/demographic survey, for the targeted control of dengue. | several methods to determine the sample size required for a reliable and practical assessment of the number of aedes aegypti pupae in a community in puerto rico have been explored. because the pupae were highly aggregated, the data were fitted to a negative binomial distribution. classical statistical-inference methods for sample-size determination demanded the sampling of >3,000 premises for a reliable estimation of the mean number of pupae/person (with a 15% error). this number was reduced to ... | 2006 | 16630389 |
| application of the pupal/demographic-survey methodology in an area of havana, cuba, with low densities of aedes aegypti (l.). | between the april and december of 2004, an aedes aegypti (l.) pupal/demographic survey was conducted in the playa municipality of havana. the aims were to identify the key types of container in the production of the adult mosquitoes (and so provide a basis for targeted control) and assess transmission risk in terms of the number of pupae/person. pupal abundance, as measured in the survey, was compared with traditional stegomyia indices. the immature stages of ae. aegypti were only found in 70 of ... | 2006 | 16630390 |
| use of the pupal/demographic-survey technique to identify the epidemiologically important types of containers producing aedes aegypti (l.) in a dengue-endemic area of venezuela. | as dengue continues to emerge as a major public-health problem world-wide, efforts to control the dengue vector aedes aegypti must become more effective and efficient. results from larval and pupal surveys applied in venezuela illustrate the uniqueness of the information gained from pupal surveys; information that is lost when traditional stegomyia indices are calculated. as most ae. aegypti pupae will emerge to become adults, controlling the containers that produce the most pupae could have the ... | 2006 | 16630391 |
| application of the pupal/demographic-survey methodology to identify the key container habitats of aedes aegypti (l.) in malindi district, kenya. | the pupal/demographic-survey methodology was evaluated in three coastal areas (one urban, one peri-urban and one rural) of malindi district, kenya, in attempts to identify the types of domestic container that are most productive for aedes aegypti (l.) pupae. the results demonstrated the practicality and consistency of the methodology, as a tool both for identifying and guiding the targeted control of the most productive container habitats, and for determining the mean numbers of pupae/person, as ... | 2006 | 16630392 |
| aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) production from non-residential sites in the amazonian city of iquitos, peru. | programmes for the surveillance of aedes aegypti (l.) often focus on residential areas, ignoring non-residential sites. between november 2003 and october 2004, pupal/demographic surveys were therefore conducted in non-residential sites in the peruvian city of iquitos. the sampled sites included schools, factories, ports, public markets, petrol stations, commercial zones, airports, government buildings, animal-production areas, and recreational areas. compared with the residential sites that had ... | 2006 | 16630393 |
| pupal-productivity surveys to identify the key container habitats of aedes aegypti (l.) in barranquilla, the principal seaport of colombia. | surveys were conducted in three neighbourhoods of barranquilla, the main seaport of colombia, to identify, using counts of pupae in water containers during the wet and dry seasons, the most productive aedes aegypti breeding sites. overall, 3,433 premises were investigated in the wet season and 3,563 in the dry, representing, respectively, 82.3% and 84.6% of the total numbers of premises in the study areas. despite a reasonably reliable supply of piped water, there were still some large storage c ... | 2006 | 16630394 |
| geographical information system (gis) in investigation of an outbreak. | an outbreak of fever in a village in southern india was reported on 1st september, 2001. the first reported case presented with epistaxis and a platelet count of 27000h(1)/mm3. clinical, laboratory and entomological evidence supported a diagnosis of dengue fever. one third of the village was affected and 3.7 % of the population presented with haemorrhagic symptoms; none were fatal. five acute cases tested for dengue specific igm showed that two were positive. the larvae of aedes aegypti were dis ... | 2005 | 16637399 |
| high efficiency site-specific genetic engineering of the mosquito genome. | current techniques for the genetic engineering of insect genomes utilize transposable genetic elements, which are inefficient, have limited carrying capacity and give rise to position effects and insertional mutagenesis. as an alternative, we investigated two site-specific integration mechanisms in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. one was a modified cre/lox system from phage p1 and the other a viral integrase system from streptomyces phage phi c31. the modified cre/lox system consistent ... | 2006 | 16640723 |
| co-immunoprecipitation of putative proteins that interact with mosquito proliferating cell nuclear antigen. | we have sequenced cdnas encoding proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) from aedes albopictus cells and from aedes aegypti mosquitoes. the mosquito cdnas contained an open reading frame encoding a 260 amino acid protein with a calculated mass of 29.0 kda and a pi of 4.46. there was a single amino acid difference between pcna proteins from ae. albopictus and ae. aegypti. in an. gambiae, the pcna homolog contained 260 residues, and the pcna gene was interrupted by a single 67 nucleotide intron ... | 2006 | 16640730 |
| the sensilla of aedes and anopheles mosquitoes and their importance in repellency. | the aim of this study was to detect the role of some mosquito organs in their sensation of repellent materials. a total of 250 females (15 days old) of the target species aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi were prepared and divided into five groups: group 1, without antenna; group 2, without maxillary bulbs; group 3, without proboscis; group 4, without frontal tarsus; and group 5, normal females as control. a mixture of five oils containing litsea cubeba 1%, melaleuca leucadendron 1%, melaleu ... | 2006 | 16642383 |
| repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against aedes, anopheles, and culex mosquitoes. | since ancient times, plant products were used in various aspects. however, their use against pests decreased when chemical products became developed. recently, concerns increased with respect to public health and environmental security requiring detection of natural products that may be used against insect pests. in this study, 41 plant extracts and 11 oil mixtures were evaluated against the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (linnaeus), the malaria vector, anopheles stephensi (liston), and th ... | 2006 | 16642384 |
| persistency of larvicidal effects of plant oil extracts under different storage conditions. | the persistency of larvicidal effects of 13 oils (camphor, thyme, amyris, lemon, cedarwood, frankincense, dill, myrtle, juniper, black pepper, verbena, helichrysum, and sandalwood) was examined by storage of 50-ppm solutions under different conditions (open, closed, in the light, and in the dark) for 1 month after the preparation of the solutions. the stored solutions were tested against aedes aegypti larvae for four times during the storage period. some oils under some conditions stayed effecti ... | 2006 | 16642385 |
| larvicidal effects of various essential oils against aedes, anopheles, and culex larvae (diptera, culicidae). | mosquitoes in the larval stage are attractive targets for pesticides because mosquitoes breed in water, and thus, it is easy to deal with them in this habitat. the use of conventional pesticides in the water sources, however, introduces many risks to people and/or the environment. natural pesticides, especially those derived from plants, are more promising in this aspect. aromatic plants and their essential oils are very important sources of many compounds that are used in different respects. in ... | 2006 | 16642386 |
| the association of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus in allende, nuevo león, mexico. | the recent appearance of aedes stegomyia albopictus (skuse) in nuevo león (nl) worries health officials. it is a vector of dengue fever in asia and is more resistant to lower temperatures than ae. aegypti. the objective of this study was to learn about some ecological parameters of ae. albopictus and their association with ae. aegypti, and other culicids in allende, nl, mexico, during 1999. allende is a small town close to metropolitan monterrey, which has 4 million inhabitants. the design was r ... | 2006 | 16646314 |
| laboratory evaluation of the bioinsecticide spinosad for mosquito control. | spinosad, a naturally occurring product of the fermentation of the bacterium saccharopolyspora spinosa, is a highly effective bioinsecticide against a broad range of agriculturally important insect pests, and this agent has an excellent environmental and mammalian toxicological profile. in this study the efficacy of a spinosad-based product (laser 4.8% emulsifiable concentrate) was evaluated in laboratory bioassays against laboratory-reared mosquito strains of 3 species of medical importance: ae ... | 2006 | 16646328 |
| susceptibility of laboratory and field-collected aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis h-14. | susceptibility levels of a few laboratory-cultured and dengue-endemic area field-collected strains of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) at different storage ages were studied. the susceptibility of laboratory-cultured world health organization (who) bora bora reference, vector control research unit (vcru), and fumakilla malaysia berhad (fmb) strains of ae. aegypti to bti was examined. the sensitivity to bti decreased with storage age. the median letha ... | 2006 | 16646329 |
| bioefficacy of olyset nets against mosquitoes in india. | olyset nets are highly effective in killing anopheline mosquitoes within 3 min of exposure, as evidenced in cone bioassay tests. these nets also showed their efficacy on other vector mosquitoes (aedes aegypti and cx. quinquefasciatus) at higher exposure periods. the efficacy remained at approximately 90% even after 20 washings at an interval of 24 h against anopheles culicifacies and cx. quinquefasciatus. use of the nets inside the house also resulted in drastic reduction of daytime resting dens ... | 2006 | 16646330 |
| inhibition of adult emergence of aedes aegypti in simulated domestic water-storage containers by using a controlled-release formulation of pyriproxyfen. | concrete domestic water-storage jars are a common larval habitat of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in countries of southeast asia. the efficacy of a novel controlled-release formulation of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen, designed to inhibit adult emergence for 6 months (the approximate duration of the main dengue transmission season in many endemic countries) was tested in cambodia against a local strain of ae. aegypti in 200-liter jars. the resin-based formulation contained 4.8% acti ... | 2006 | 16646342 |
| larvicidal activity of essential oils from brazilian croton species against aedes aegypti l. | aedes aegypti is the major vector of dengue fever, an endemic disease in brazil. in an effort to find effective and affordable ways of controlling this mosquito, the larvicidal activities of essential oils from croton species widely found in northeastern brazil were analyzed. the essential oils were extracted by steam distillation, and their chemical composition was determined by gas liquid-chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. the main components were methyleugenol and alpha-copaene fo ... | 2006 | 16646345 |
| switchover to the mated state by spermathecal activation in female anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. | both aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes undergo physiological and behavioral changes after the females mate, but unlike ae. aegypti, the mated state in an. gambiae is not attained through the action of male accessory gland substances. experiments in which the spermathecae of mated females were manipulated suggest that a spermatheca filled with sperm is responsible for triggering oviposition behavior. an estimated 48% of the previously mated an. gambiae females mated again when the in ... | 2006 | 16647081 |
| global transport networks and infectious disease spread. | air, sea and land transport networks continue to expand in reach, speed of travel and volume of passengers and goods carried. pathogens and their vectors can now move further, faster and in greater numbers than ever before. three important consequences of global transport network expansion are infectious disease pandemics, vector invasion events and vector-borne pathogen importation. this review briefly examines some of the important historical examples of these disease and vector movements, suc ... | 2006 | 16647974 |
| [representing and intervening in public health: viruses, mosquitoes and rockefeller foundation experts in brazil]. | the attempts by experts from the of the rockefeller foundation (rf) to eliminate yellow fever in brazil were hampered by the pathology's low visibility. most cases of yellow fever were atypical and easily confused with other fevers. in the 1920s, the rf experts who tried to assess the presence of yellow fever relied mainly on clinical observations. in the 1930s, however, they devised indirect methods of visualizing the presence of the disease agent. visceroctomy revealed the presence of acute ca ... | 1998 | 16676454 |
| evolution of two alanine glyoxylate aminotransferases in mosquito. | in the mosquito, transamination of 3-hk (3-hydroxykynurenine) to xa (xanthurenic acid) is catalysed by an agt (alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase) and is the major branch pathway of tryptophan metabolism. interestingly, malaria parasites hijack this pathway to use xa as a chemical signal for development in the mosquito. here, we report that the mosquito has two agt isoenzymes. one is the previously cloned aehkt [aedes aegypti hkt (3-hk transaminase)] [han, fang and li (2002) j. biol. chem. 277, ... | 2006 | 16681462 |
| the crystal structure of sdsa1, an alkylsulfatase from pseudomonas aeruginosa, defines a third class of sulfatases. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is both a ubiquitous environmental bacterium and an opportunistic human pathogen. a remarkable metabolic versatility allows it to occupy a multitude of ecological niches, including wastewater treatment plants and such hostile environments as the human respiratory tract. p. aeruginosa is able to degrade and metabolize biocidic sds, the detergent of most commercial personal hygiene products. we identify sdsa1 of p. aeruginosa as a secreted sds hydrolase that allows the bacte ... | 2006 | 16684886 |
| dissection of swa2p/auxilin domain requirements for cochaperoning hsp70 clathrin-uncoating activity in vivo. | the auxilin family of j-domain proteins load hsp70 onto clathrin-coated vesicles (ccvs) to drive uncoating. in vitro, auxilin function requires its ability to bind clathrin and stimulate hsp70 atpase activity via its j-domain. to test these requirements in vivo, we performed a mutational analysis of swa2p, the yeast auxilin ortholog. swa2p is a modular protein with three n-terminal clathrin-binding (cb) motifs, a ubiquitin association (uba) domain, a tetratricopeptide repeat (tpr) domain, and a ... | 2006 | 16687570 |
| a real-time pcr-based assay for detection of wuchereria bancrofti dna in blood and mosquitoes. | we developed and evaluated real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays for detecting wuchereria bancrofti dna in human blood and in mosquitoes. an assay based on detection of the w. bancrofti "ldr" repeat dna sequence was more sensitive than an assay for wolbachia 16s rdna. the ldr-based assay was sensitive for detecting microfilarial dna on dried membrane filters or on filter paper. we also compared real-time pcr with conventional pcr (c-pcr) for detecting w. bancrofti dna in mosquito samp ... | 2006 | 16687688 |
| on the origin and functions of rna-mediated silencing: from protists to man. | double-stranded rna has been shown to induce gene silencing in diverse eukaryotes and by a variety of pathways. we have examined the taxonomic distribution and the phylogenetic relationship of key components of the rna interference (rnai) machinery in members of five eukaryotic supergroups. on the basis of the parsimony principle, our analyses suggest that a relatively complex rnai machinery was already present in the last common ancestor of eukaryotes and consisted, at a minimum, of one argonau ... | 2006 | 16691418 |
| microrna enrichment among short 'ultraconserved' sequences in insects. | micrornas are short (approximately 22 nt) regulatory rna molecules that play key roles in metazoan development and have been implicated in human disease. first discovered in caenorhabditis elegans, over 2500 micrornas have been isolated in metazoans and plants; it has been estimated that there may be more than a thousand microrna genes in the human genome alone. motivated by the experimental observation of strong conservation of the microrna let-7 among nearly all metazoans, we developed a novel ... | 2006 | 16698958 |
| occurrence of parasporin-producing bacillus thuringiensis in vietnam. | a total of 63 bacillus thuringiensis isolates were recovered from urban soils of hanoi, vietnam. of these, 34 were identified to 12 h serogroups. none of the isolates showed larvicidal activities against three lepidopterous insects. three isolates belonging to the two serovars, colmeri (h21) and konkukian (h34), were highly toxic to larvae of the mosquito aedes aegypti. parasporal inclusion proteins of four isolates exhibited cytocidal activities against hela cells. immunologically, proteins of ... | 2006 | 16699587 |
| trapping of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae with odour-baited mm-x traps in semi-field conditions in western kenya. | the successful development of odour-baited trapping systems for mosquitoes depends on the identification of behaviourally active semiochemicals, besides the design and operating principles of such devices. a large variety of 'attractants' has been identified in laboratory investigations, yet few of these increase trap catches in the field. a contained system, intermediate between the laboratory and open field, is presented and previous reports that human foot odour induces behavioural responses ... | 2006 | 16700902 |
| expression of functional recombinant mosquito salivary apyrase: a potential therapeutic platelet aggregation inhibitor. | excessive platelet activation and accumulation can lead to vessel occlusion and thus present major therapeutic challenges in cardiovascular medicine. apyrase, an ecto-enzyme with adpase and atpase activities, rapidly metabolizes adp and atp released from platelets and endothelial cells, thereby reducing platelet activation and recruitment. in the present study, we expressed a 68-kda recombinant mosquito (aedes aegypti) salivary apyrase using a baculovirus/insect cell expression system and purifi ... | 2006 | 16702045 |
| host feeding patterns of culex mosquitoes and west nile virus transmission, northeastern united states. | to evaluate the role of culex mosquitoes as enzootic and epidemic vectors for wnv, we identified the source of vertebrate blood by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing portions of the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial dna. all cx. restuans and 93% of cx. pipiens acquired blood from avian hosts; cx. salinarius fed frequently on both mammals (53%) and birds (36%). mixed-blood meals were detected in 11% and 4% of cx. salinarius and cx. pipiens, respectively. american robin was th ... | 2006 | 16704786 |
| potential arbovirus emergence and implications for the united kingdom. | arboviruses have evolved a number of strategies to survive environmental challenges. this review examines the factors that may determine arbovirus emergence, provides examples of arboviruses that have emerged into new habitats, reviews the arbovirus situation in western europe in detail, discusses potential arthropod vectors, and attempts to predict the risk for arbovirus emergence in the united kingdom. we conclude that climate change is probably the most important requirement for the emergence ... | 2006 | 16704800 |
| aedes aegypti larval indices and risk for dengue epidemics. | we assessed in a case-control study the test-validity of aedes larval indices for the 2000 havana outbreak. "cases" were blocks where a dengue fever patient lived during the outbreak. "controls" were randomly sampled blocks. before, during, and after the epidemic, we calculated breteau index (bi) and house index at the area, neighborhood, and block level. we constructed receiver operating characteristic (roc) curves to determine their performance as predictors of dengue transmission. we observed ... | 2006 | 16704841 |
| dengue prevention and 35 years of vector control in singapore. | after a 15-year period of low incidence, dengue has reemerged in singapore in the past decade. we identify potential causes of this resurgence. a combination of lowered herd immunity, virus transmission outside the home, an increase in the age of infection, and the adoption of a case-reactive approach to vector control contribute to the increased dengue incidence. singapore's experience with dengue indicates that prevention efforts may not be sustainable. for renewed success, singapore needs to ... | 2006 | 16707042 |
| west nile virus infection in humans and horses, cuba. | a surveillance system to detect west nile virus (wnv) was established in cuba in 2002. wnv infection was confirmed by serologic assays in 4 asymptomatic horses and 3 humans with encephalitis in 2003 and 2004. these results are the first reported evidence of wnv activity in cuba. | 2006 | 16707068 |
| differential gene expression in abdomens of the malaria vector mosquito, anopheles gambiae, after sugar feeding, blood feeding and plasmodium berghei infection. | large scale sequencing of cdna libraries can provide profiles of genes expressed in an organism under defined biological and environmental circumstances. we have analyzed sequences of 4541 expressed sequence tags (ests) from 3 different cdna libraries created from abdomens from plasmodium infection-susceptible adult female anopheles gambiae. these libraries were made from sugar fed (s), rat blood fed (rb), and p. berghei-infected (irb) mosquitoes at 30 hours after the blood meal, when most paras ... | 2006 | 16712725 |
| identification of a bacillus thuringiensis cry11ba toxin-binding aminopeptidase from the mosquito, anopheles quadrimaculatus. | aminopeptidase n (apn) type proteins isolated from several species of lepidopteran insects have been implicated as bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin-binding proteins (receptors) for cry toxins. we examined brush border membrane vesicle (bbmv) proteins from the mosquito anopheles quadrimaculatus to determine if apns from this organism would bind mosquitocidal cry toxins that are active to it. | 2006 | 16716213 |
| concomitant infections of plasmodium falciparum and wuchereria bancrofti on the kenyan coast. | anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. funestus are important vectors of malaria and bancroftian filariasis, which occur as co-endemic infections along the kenyan coast. however, little is known about the occurrence and prevalence of concomitant infections of the two diseases in mosquito and human populations in these areas. this study reports the prevalence of concomitant infections of plasmodium falciparum and wuchereria bancrofti in mosquito and human populations in jilore and shakahola villages in m ... | 2006 | 16723020 |
| [abundance indices of larvae and pupae of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in córdoba city]. | in 1995, aedes aegypti, vector of the flavivirus dengue and yellow fever, reached the province. therefore, it is necessary to quantify the vector abundance in order to determine the level of risk and to evaluate the prevention and control actions implemented. | 2003 | 16724440 |
| metabolic complementarity and genomics of the dual bacterial symbiosis of sharpshooters. | mutualistic intracellular symbiosis between bacteria and insects is a widespread phenomenon that has contributed to the global success of insects. the symbionts, by provisioning nutrients lacking from diets, allow various insects to occupy or dominate ecological niches that might otherwise be unavailable. one such insect is the glassy-winged sharpshooter (homalodisca coagulata), which feeds on xylem fluid, a diet exceptionally poor in organic nutrients. phylogenetic studies based on rrna have sh ... | 2006 | 16729848 |
| identification and characterisation of five novel miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) in amphioxus (branchiostoma floridae). | as the sister group to vertebrates, amphioxus is consistently used as a model of genome evolution for understanding the invertebrate/vertebrate transition. the amphioxus genome has not undergone massive duplications like those in the vertebrates or disruptive rearrangements like in the genome of ciona, a urochordate, making it an ideal evolutionary model. transposable elements have been linked to many genomic evolutionary changes including increased genome size, modified gene expression, massive ... | 2006 | 16733534 |
| effective control of dengue vectors with curtains and water container covers treated with insecticide in mexico and venezuela: cluster randomised trials. | to measure the impact on the dengue vector population (aedes aegypti) and disease transmission of window curtains and water container covers treated with insecticide. | 2006 | 16735334 |
| essential oils as potential adulticides against two populations of aedes aegypti, the laboratory and natural field strains, in chiang mai province, northern thailand. | essential oils derived from five plant species, celery (apium graveolens), caraway (carum carvi), zedoary (curcuma zedoaria), long pepper (piper longum), and chinese star anise (illicium verum), were subjected to investigation of adulticidal activity against mosquito vectors. two populations of aedes aegypti, the laboratory and natural field strains, collected in chiang mai province, northern thailand were tested in pyrethroid-susceptibility bioassays. the results revealed that the natural field ... | 2006 | 16738885 |
| ecological factors influencing aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) productivity in artificial containers in salinas, puerto rico. | we investigated the effects of environmental factors and immature density on the productivity of aedes aegypti (l.) and explored the hypothesis that immature populations were under nutritional stress. in total, 1,367 containers with water in 624 premises were studied in salinas, southern puerto rico (may-july 2004). we counted 3,632 pupae, and most female pupae (70%) were in five of 18 types of containers. these containers were unattended and influenced by local yards' environmental conditions. ... | 2006 | 16739405 |
| n,n-diethyl phenylacetamide (depa): a safe and effective repellent for personal protection against hematophagous arthropods. | repellents play an important role in protecting humans from the bites of insect pests. an effective and safe repellent will be useful in reducing human-vector contact and thereby help in the interruption of vector borne disease transmission. because of the unavailability of m-toluic acid in india for the manufacture of n,n-diethyl m-toluamide (deet), there is a need to develop an alternate effective and safe insect repellent. in total, 120 substituted amides were synthesized and tested for repel ... | 2006 | 16739410 |
| host-feeding patterns of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in relation to availability of human and domestic animals in suburban landscapes of central north carolina. | aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) is a major nuisance mosquito and a potential arbovirus vector. the host-feeding patterns of ae. albopictus were investigated during the 2002 and 2003 mosquito seasons in suburban neighborhoods in wake county, raleigh, nc. hosts of blood-fed ae. albopictus (n = 1,094) were identified with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, by using antisera made in new zealand white rabbits to the sera of animals that would commonly occur in peridomestic h ... | 2006 | 16739414 |
| long-term evolution and functional diversification in the members of the nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin family of nuclear chaperones. | the proper assembly of basic proteins with nucleic acids is a reaction that must be facilitated to prevent protein aggregation and formation of nonspecific nucleoprotein complexes. the proteins that mediate this orderly protein assembly are generally termed molecular (or nuclear) chaperones. the nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin (npm) family of molecular chaperones encompasses members ubiquitously expressed in many somatic tissues (npm1 and -3) or specific to oocytes and eggs (npm2). the study of this ... | 2006 | 16751661 |
| sex-, stage- and tissue-specific regulation by a mosquito hexamerin promoter. | a portion of the 5'-flanking region of the female-specific hexamerin gene, hex-1.2, from the mosquito ochlerotatus atropalpus was used to drive expression of the luciferase reporter gene in drosophila melanogaster. the proximal 0.7 kb of 5'-flanking dna were sufficient to partially repress reporter gene activity in males and to drive tissue- and stage-specific expression comparable with that of the endogenous o. atropalpus hex-1.2 gene. the drosophila doublesex transcription factor (dsx), expres ... | 2006 | 16756549 |
| oskar gene expression in the vector mosquitoes, anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti. | a disease control strategy based on the introduction into mosquito populations of a gene conferring a pathogen-refractory phenotype is currently under investigation. this population replacement approach requires a drive system that will quickly spread and fix antipathogen effector genes in target populations. modified transposable elements containing the control sequences of developmentally regulated genes may provide the basis for a gene drive system that regulates gene mobilization in a sex- a ... | 2006 | 16756555 |
| a novel member of the nsf family in the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea: molecular cloning, developmental expression, and tissue distribution. | n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (nsf) is an atpase that plays an essential role in intracellular membrane transport events. we report the cloning of a cdna encoding nsf from the noctuid moth, helicoverpa zea (hez), a major agricultural pest. the amino acid sequence deduced from the cdna indicates that hez-nsf has 88%, 73%, and 70% identities to nsf from manduca sexta, aedes aegypti, and drosophila melanogaster, respectively. northern hybridization analysis clearly shows a 4.4 kb mrna, ... | 2006 | 16757382 |
| periplaneta americana arginine kinase as a major cockroach allergen among thai patients with major cockroach allergies. | periplaneta americana is the predominant cockroach (cr) species and a major source of indoor allergens in thailand. nevertheless, data on the nature and molecular characteristics of its allergenic components are rare. we conducted this study to identify and characterize the p. americana allergenic protein. a random heptapeptide phage display library and monoclonal antibody (mab) specific to a the p. americana component previously shown to be an allergenic molecule were used to identify the mab-b ... | 2006 | 16759988 |
| evolutionary history of a mosquito endosymbiont revealed through mitochondrial hitchhiking. | due to cytoplasmic inheritance, spread of maternally inherited wolbachia symbionts can result in reduction of mitochondrial variation in populations. we examined sequence diversity of the mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nd4) gene in wolbachia-infected (south africa (sa), california and thailand) and uninfected (sa) culex pipiens complex populations. in total, we identified 12 haplotypes (a-l). in infected populations, 99% of individuals had haplotype k. in the uninfected sa populatio ... | 2006 | 16769630 |
| laboratory and semi-field evaluation of mosquito dunks against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus larvae (diptera: culicidae). | laboratory bioassays and semi-field studies were conducted on the efficacy and longevity of mosquito dunks (7,000 itu/mg bti) in order to determine the concentration-response relationship and the effectiveness on the potency of the bti product against aedes mosquito species based on the who protocol standard methods and to determine the longevity of release for this product against ae. aegypti mosquito larvae in water storage containers. this bio-potency study with the late 3rd instar larvae of ... | 2006 | 16771214 |
| insulated piggybac vectors for insect transgenesis. | germ-line transformation of insects is now a widely used method for analyzing gene function and for the development of genetically modified strains suitable for pest control programs. the most widely used transposable element for the germ-line transformation of insects is piggybac. the site of integration of the transgene can influence gene expression due to the effects of nearby transcription enhancers or silent heterochromatic regions. position effects can be minimized by flanking a transgene ... | 2006 | 16776846 |
| environmental influence on the genetic basis of mosquito resistance to malaria parasites. | the genetic basis of a host's resistance to parasites has important epidemiological and evolutionary consequences. understanding this genetic basis can be complicated by non-genetic factors, such as environmental quality, which may influence the expression of genetic resistance and profoundly alter patterns of disease and the host's response to selection. in particular, understanding the environmental influence on the genetic resistance of mosquitoes to malaria gives valuable knowledge concernin ... | 2006 | 16777744 |
| comparative structure-activity analysis of insect kinin core analogs on recombinant kinin receptors from southern cattle tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) and mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the systematic analysis of structure-activity relationships of insect kinins on two heterologous receptor-expressing systems is described. previously, kinin receptors from the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), and the dengue vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.), were functionally and stably expressed in cho-k1 cells. in order to determine which kinin residues are critical for the peptide-receptor interaction, kinin core analogs were synthesized as an ala-replacement seri ... | 2006 | 16783824 |
| anopheles gambiae immune responses to human and rodent plasmodium parasite species. | transmission of malaria is dependent on the successful completion of the plasmodium lifecycle in the anopheles vector. major obstacles are encountered in the midgut tissue, where most parasites are killed by the mosquito's immune system. in the present study, dna microarray analyses have been used to compare anopheles gambiae responses to invasion of the midgut epithelium by the ookinete stage of the human pathogen plasmodium falciparum and the rodent experimental model pathogen p. berghei. inva ... | 2006 | 16789837 |
| factory-based permethrin impregnation of uniforms: residual activity against aedes aegypti and ixodes ricinus in battle dress uniforms worn under field conditions, and cross-contamination during the laundering and storage process. | the factory-based permethrin coating technique has only recently been developed. consequently, no data are available on residual activity, laundering, and weathering resistance in impregnated battle dress uniforms (bdus) worn under military deployment conditions, or on the cross-contamination potential of such uniforms. herein, factory-impregnated bdus worn-out during military deployment to afghanistan were investigated for residual permethrin concentration, residual efficacy against arthropod v ... | 2006 | 16808123 |
| reemergence of dengue virus type-3 (subtype-iii) in india: implications for increased incidence of dhf & dss. | dengue virus infection has recently taken endemic proportion in india implicating all the four known dengue serotypes. there was a major dengue outbreak in northern india including delhi in october- december, 2003 and again in 2004. we have carried out a detailed investigation of the 2004 outbreak by serosurveillance, rt-pcr, nested pcr, virus isolation and genotyping. we also report the molecular epidemiological investigation of these outbreaks. | 2006 | 16824209 |
| towards active community participation in dengue vector control: results from action research in santiago de cuba, cuba. | community participation is advocated as essential for attaining effective dengue prevention, but knowledge of how to foster this is limited. in santiago de cuba, multiple small task forces were created at the neighbourhood level that included all stakeholders in the control of aedes aegypti. the task forces assessed the perceived needs and elaborated action plans to promote specific behavioural change and to reduce environmental risks through social communication strategies and intersectoral loc ... | 2007 | 16824565 |
| effects of climate and different management strategies on aedes aegypti breeding sites: a longitudinal survey in brasília (df, brazil). | to determine the influence of climate and of environmental vector control with or without insecticide on aedes aegypti larval indices and pupae density. | 2006 | 16827711 |
| preliminary data on the performance of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus immatures developing in water-filled tires in rio de janeiro. | a monthly survey of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus immatures in discarded tires at a site in metropolitan rio de janeiro showed that ae. albopictus was much more abundant in the rainy season, but ae. aegypti abundance showed a less clear seasonal pattern. pupal masses for ae. albopictus showed a seasonal trend. in contrast, ae. aegypti pupae did not show any clear trend in weight. large ae. albopictus pupae were found in the warmer months, when water volume was higher, ph lower and larval ab ... | 2006 | 16830718 |
| a stochastic population dynamics model for aedes aegypti: formulation and application to a city with temperate climate. | aedes aegypti is the main vector for dengue and urban yellow fever. it is extended around the world not only in the tropical regions but also beyond them, reaching temperate climates. because of its importance as a vector of deadly diseases, the significance of its distribution in urban areas and the possibility of breeding in laboratory facilities, aedes aegypti is one of the best-known mosquitoes. in this work the biology of aedes aegypti is incorporated into the framework of a stochastic popu ... | 2006 | 16832731 |
| reinfestation sources for chagas disease vector, triatoma infestans, argentina. | reinfestation by triatoma infestans after insecticide spraying has caused elimination efforts in the dry chaco region to fail repeatedly. the sources and spatial extent that need to be considered to understand the reinfestation pattern and to plan a comprehensive control program were studied in 2 adjacent rural communities in northwestern argentina from 1993 to 1997. the effects of external, residual, and primary sources on the reinfestation pattern were evaluated by using geographic information ... | 2006 | 16836826 |
| population dynamics of an endogenous meiotic drive system in aedes aegypti in trinidad. | an endogenous meiotic drive system was previously reported to be segregating in the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) population in trinidad. the meiotic driver (m(d)) is tightly linked to the male determining locus and selectively targets sensitive responders linked to the female determining allele, causing fragmentation of female gametes. this results in highly male-biased progeny. the m(d) system was initially studied as a genetic tool for population control with lim ... | 2006 | 16837711 |
| estimating the malaria risk of african mosquito movement by air travel. | the expansion of global travel has resulted in the importation of african anopheles mosquitoes, giving rise to cases of local malaria transmission. here, cases of 'airport malaria' are used to quantify, using a combination of global climate and air traffic volume, where and when are the greatest risks of a plasmodium falciparum-carrying mosquito being importated by air. this prioritises areas at risk of further airport malaria and possible importation or reemergence of the disease. | 2006 | 16842613 |
| infectious clone construction of dengue virus type 2, strain jamaican 1409, and characterization of a conditional e6 mutation. | a full-length infectious cdna clone (ic) was constructed from the genome of the dengue virus type 2 (denv-2) jamaica83 1409 strain, pbac1409ic, by using a bacterial artifical chromosome plasmid system. infectious virus was generated and characterized for growth in cell culture and for infection in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. during construction, an isoleucine to methionine (ile-->met) change was found at position 6 in the envelope glycoprotein sequence between low- and high-passage denv-2 1409 str ... | 2006 | 16847122 |
| attraction of mosquitoes to volatiles associated with blood. | responses of the mosquitoes aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, and culex nigripalpus to volatiles and compounds associated with bovine and avian blood that were presented in collagen membranes were evaluated in olfactometer and landing assays. the presence of attractants produced by blood was supported by more attraction of all species to blood than water controls in the olfactometer. females of ae. aegypti and cx. quinquefasciatus were more attracted to bovine blood than to avian blood, but ... | 2006 | 16859092 |
| [cloning and identification of the cdna and genomic dna sequences of the defensin gene of anopheles sinensis]. | to clone and identify the cdna sequence and genomic dna sequence of anopheles sinensis defensin gene. | 2006 | 16866140 |
| ecological and immunological determinants of dengue epidemics. | the management of infectious diseases is an increasingly important public health issue, the effective implementation of which is often complicated by difficulties in teasing apart the relative roles of extrinsic and intrinsic factors influencing transmission. dengue, a vector-borne strain polymorphic disease, is one such infection where transmission dynamics are affected by environmental variables as well as immune-mediated serotype interactions. to understand how alternative hypotheses concerni ... | 2006 | 16868086 |
| geographic variation in attraction to human odor compounds by aedes aegypti mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae): a laboratory study. | previous investigations of aedes aegypti response to human odor components have revealed a number of compounds that attract host-seeking females. however, such studies have utilized only a small number of long-term laboratory ae. aegypti colonies. using laboratory y-olfactometers, we studied the attraction of four different ae. aegypti populations (north queensland, australia; florida, usa; singapore; and minas gerais, brazil) to a key attractant compound from human skin, lactic acid. combinatio ... | 2006 | 16868835 |
| a single common portal for clathrin-mediated endocytosis of distinct cargo governed by cargo-selective adaptors. | sorting of transmembrane cargo into clathrin-coated vesicles requires endocytic adaptors, yet rna interference (rnai)-mediated gene silencing of the ap-2 adaptor complex only disrupts internalization of a subset of clathrin-dependent cargo. this suggests alternate clathrin-associated sorting proteins participate in cargo capture at the cell surface, and a provocative recent proposal is that discrete endocytic cargo are sorted into compositionally and functionally distinct clathrin coats. we show ... | 2006 | 16870701 |
| spatial distribution pattern of oviposition in the mosquito aedes aegypti in relation to urbanization in buenos aires: southern fringe bionomics of an introduced vector. | the distribution of aedes aegypti (l) (diptera: culicidae) oviposition in buenos aires city is spatially heterogeneous. oviposition activity was monitored for a year with a grid of 279 traps at 850-m intervals that were serviced weekly. geostatistics were used for the spatial analysis and generalized linear regression to model oviposition as a function of demographic and environmental variables. the proportion of weeks infested and the total number of eggs showed spatial continuity and were high ... | 2006 | 16871702 |
| a reliable morphological method to assess the age of male anopheles gambiae. | release of genetically-modified (gm) or sterile male mosquitoes for malaria control is hampered by inability to assess the age and mating history of free-living male anopheles. | 2006 | 16872516 |
| laboratory evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 against aedes aegypti. | laboratory efficacy and residual activity of a water dispersible granule formulation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) at the dosages of 3000, 6000 and 15000 itu/l were conducted in this study. the study was conducted in two different size containers, earthen jar (45 l) and glass jar (3 l) with or without daily replenishment of 6 l and 0.3 l of water in the earthen and glass jars, respectively. results indicate that for both earthen jar and glass jar evaluations, bti at the tested dosa ... | 2005 | 16880748 |
| dengue vector surveillance in urban residential and settlement areas in selangor, malaysia. | ovitrap surveillance was conducted in two urban residential areas (taman samudera timur and taman samudera selatan) and in a settlement area (kampung banjar), which is located 16 km from kuala lumpur city center, malaysia. in taman samudera, dengue cases were reported monthly in 2003/2004. thus, a study was initiated to determine the distribution and abundance of dengue vectors, aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus. the ovitrap surveillance indicated that ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus were present ... | 2005 | 16880752 |
| field bioefficacy of deltamethrin residual spraying against dengue vectors. | field bioefficacy of residual-sprayed deltamethrin against aedes vectors was evaluated in an urban residential area in kuala lumpur. the trial area consisted of single storey wood-brick houses and a block of flat. the houses were treated with outdoor residual spraying while the flat was used as an untreated control. initial pre-survey using ovitrap surveillance indicated high aedes population in the area. deltamethrin wg was sprayed at a dosage of 25mg/m2 using a compression sprayer. the effecti ... | 2005 | 16883280 |
| rapid detection of chikungunya virus in laboratory infected aedes aegypti by reverse-transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | a study of chikungunya virus was carried out to establish reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) as a rapid detection technique of the virus. the susceptibility of lab-colonized aedes aegypti to chikungunya virus was also determined. artificial membrane feeding technique was used to orally feed the mosquitoes with a human isolate of chikungunya virus. a total of 100 fully engorged female ae. aegypti were obtained and maintained for 7 days. seventy of them survived and then poo ... | 2005 | 16883281 |
| weekly variation on susceptibility status of aedes mosquitoes against temephos in selangor, malaysia. | larvae of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus obtained from 6 consecutive ovitrap surveillance (os) in taman samudera and kg. banjar were evaluated for their susceptibility to temephos. larval bioassays were carried out in accordance with who standard methods, with diagnostic dosage (0.012 mg/l) and operational dosage (1 mg/l) of temephos respectively. aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus obtained from six os in taman samudera showed resistance to diagnostic dosage of temephos with percentage mortali ... | 2005 | 16883288 |
| susceptibility of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to temephos in four study sites in kuala lumpur city center and selangor state, malaysia. | larvae obtained from taman samudera (gombak, selangor), kampung banjar (gombak, selangor), taman lembah maju (cheras, kuala lumpur) and kampung baru (city centre, kuala lumpur) were bioassayed with diagnostic dosage (0.012 mg/l) and operational dosage (1 mg/l) of temephos. all strains of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus showed percentage mortality in the range of 16.00 to 59.05 and 6.4 to 59.50 respectively, after 24 hours. lt50 values for the 6 strains of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus were b ... | 2005 | 16883289 |
| protein synthesized by dengue infected aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | the main objective of this study was to compare protein profiles of whole mosquitoes of malaysian aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus after infection with virus and to investigate whether dengue virus would induce protein secretion in ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus. using sds -page, it was shown that in uninfected ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus, the protein bands were within the range of 14 - 80 kda with most of the bands overlapping for the two species. comparison of the protein profile of infec ... | 2005 | 16883293 |
| isolation and insecticidal/anthelmintic activity of xanthonol, a novel bis-xanthone, from a non-sporulating fungal species. | xanthonol, a novel dimeric xanthone, was isolated from a fermentation broth of a non-sporulating fungal species using sephadex lh20 followed by hplc and the structure elucidated by spectral analysis. xanthonol exhibited insecticidal and anthelmintic activities against larvae of lucilia sericata, aedes aegypti, and haemonchus contortus with ld90 of 33, 8, and 50 microg/ml, respectively. | 2006 | 16883778 |
| cloning and expression of two crystal protein genes, cry30ba1 and cry44aa1, obtained from a highly mosquitocidal strain, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus ina288. | two novel crystal protein genes, cry30ba and cry44aa, were cloned from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus ina288 and expressed in an acrystalliferous strain. cry44aa crystals were highly toxic to second-instar culex pipiens pallens (50% mortality concentration [lc50] = 6 ng/ml) and aedes aegypti (lc50 = 12 ng/ml); however, cry30ba crystals were not toxic. | 2006 | 16885329 |
| population dynamics of sporogony for plasmodium vivax parasites from western thailand developing within three species of colonized anopheles mosquitoes. | the population dynamics of plasmodium sporogony within mosquitoes consists of an early phase where parasite abundance decreases during the transition from gametocyte to oocyst, an intermediate phase where parasite abundance remains static as oocysts, and a later phase where parasite abundance increases during the release of progeny sporozoites from oocysts. sporogonic development is complete when sporozoites invade the mosquito salivary glands. the dynamics and efficiency of this developmental s ... | 2006 | 16887043 |
| analysis of ests from lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies and their contribution toward understanding the insect-parasite relationship. | an expressed sequence tag library has been generated from a sand fly vector of visceral leishmaniasis, lutzomyia longipalpis. a normalized cdna library was constructed from whole adults and 16,608 clones were sequenced from both ends and assembled into 10,203 contigs and singlets. of these 58% showed significant similarity to known genes from other organisms, <4% were identical to described sand fly genes, and 42% had no match to any database sequence. our analyses revealed putative proteins inv ... | 2006 | 16887324 |
| identification of two cationic amino acid transporters required for nutritional signaling during mosquito reproduction. | the defining characteristic of anautogenous mosquitoes is their requirement for a blood meal to initiate reproduction. the need for blood drives the association of vector and host, and is the primary reason why anautogenous mosquitoes are effective disease vectors. during mosquito vitellogenesis, a key process in reproduction, yolk protein precursor (ypp) gene expression is activated specifically in the fat body, the insect analogue of the vertebrate liver. we have demonstrated that blood meal d ... | 2006 | 16888056 |
| genetic structure and evolution of the vps25 family, a yeast escrt-ii component. | vps25p is the product of yeast gene vps25 and is found in an endosomal sorting complex required for transport (escrt)-ii, along with vps22p and vps36p. this complex is essential for sorting of ubiquitinated biosynthetic and endosomal cargoes into endosomes. | 2006 | 16889659 |
| parallel infection of japanese encephalitis virus and wolbachia within cells of mosquito salivary glands. | the endosymbiont wolbachia usually causes cytoplasmic incompatibility in dipteran hosts, including mosquitoes. however, some important arbovirus-transmitting mosquitoes such as aedes aegypti (l.) are not heritably infected by wolbachia. in wolbachia-harboring mosquito armigeres subalbatus coquillett, colocalization of wolbachia and inoculated japanese encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, jev) in salivary gland (sg) cells was shown by electron microscopy. the infection rate ... | 2006 | 16892635 |
| comparative potential of aedes triseriatus, aedes albopictus, and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to transovarially transmit la crosse virus. | aedes triseriatus (say) (diptera: culicidae), the major vector of la crosse (lac) virus, efficiently transmits lac virus both horizontally and transovarially. we compared the vector competence and transovarial transmission ability of ae. triseriatus, aedes albopictus skuse, and aedes aegypti (l.) for lac virus. ae. triseriatus and ae. albopictus were significantly more susceptible to oral infection with lac virus than ae. aegypti. the three species also differed in oral and disseminated infectio ... | 2006 | 16892636 |
| dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever--a diagnostic challenge. | the number of cases of dengue fever in returning travellers is increasing worldwide. in australia, two mosquito vectors exist and the aedes aegypti mosquito has already been responsible for local transmission within queensland. for these reasons, general practitioners need to be able to recognise dengue fever and its complications: dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) and dengue shock syndrome. infections can vary from severe to asymptomatic. the incubation period, duration of fevers, presence of ras ... | 2006 | 16894436 |
| repellency of cinnamomum cassia bark compounds and cream containing cassia oil to aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) under laboratory and indoor conditions. | patch and skin bioassays were used in laboratory and indoor tests to evaluate the repellency of (e)-cinnamaldehyde, identified in cinnamomum cassia blume bark and essential oil, and a cream containing 5% (w/w) cassia oil against aedes aegypti (l.) females. results were compared with those of a known c. cassia compound cinnamyl alcohol, n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) and two commercial repellents: meimei cream containing citronella and geranium oils and repellan s aerosol containing 19% deet. in ... | 2006 | 16894642 |
| [toxicity of isolates of bacillus thuringiensis from wroclaw against larvae of aedes aegypti]. | seven field isolates of bacillus thuringiensis from the lower silesia, region of poland, the osola plain and phylloplane niches and soil samples from the karkonosze national park were tested in vitro for insecticidal activity against mosquito larvae aedes aegypti. both the spore/crystal mixture and pured crystals from b. thuringienis strains kpc1, kpf3 and opq3 (belonging to the first physiological group including the subspecies japonensis, yoso, jinghongiensis ) proved to be the most active aga ... | 2001 | 16894738 |
| wolbachia transinfection in aedes aegypti: a potential gene driver of dengue vectors. | the endosymbiotic bacteria in the genus wolbachia are capable of inducing a wide range of reproductive abnormalities in their hosts, including cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), which could lead to the replacement of uninfected host populations with infected ones. because of this, wolbachia have attracted considerable interest as a potential mechanism for spreading disease-blocking transgenes through vector populations. here we report the establishment of double wolbachia transinfection by direct ... | 2006 | 16895998 |