| the buen pastor cemetery in trujillo, venezuela: measuring dengue vector output from a public area. | as vector control of dengue typically targets individual households to eliminate breeding sites or control adult mosquitoes during epidemics, public spaces are frequently neglected. to investigate the importance of such places as sources of dengue vectors, a study of aedes aegypti productivity in a cemetery in northern venezuela, using standard entomological indices for assessing dengue vector infestations, was carried out in the wet season in may 2003. containers were found on 72.8% of graves; ... | 2005 | 15941424 |
| elevated activity of an epsilon class glutathione transferase confers ddt resistance in the dengue vector, aedes aegypti. | glutathione transferases (gsts) play a central role in the detoxification of xenobiotics such as insecticides and elevated gst expression is an important mechanism of insecticide resistance. in the mosquito, anopheles gambiae, increased expression of an epsilon class gst, gste2, confers resistance to ddt. we have identified eight gst genes in the dengue vector, aedes aegypti. four of these belong to the insect specific gst classes delta and epsilon and three are from the more ubiquitously distri ... | 2005 | 15944082 |
| generation of a novel wolbachia infection in aedes albopictus (asian tiger mosquito) via embryonic microinjection. | genetic strategies that reduce or block pathogen transmission by mosquitoes are being investigated as a means to augment current control measures. strategies of vector suppression and replacement are based upon intracellular wolbachia bacteria, which occur naturally in many insect populations. maternally inherited wolbachia have evolved diverse mechanisms to manipulate host insect reproduction and promote infection invasion. one mechanism is cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) through which wolbach ... | 2005 | 15944085 |
| optimized diagnosis of acute dengue fever in swedish travelers by a combination of reverse transcription-pcr and immunoglobulin m detection. | the dengue viruses (genus flavivirus, family flaviviridae) are mosquito borne and cause 100 million cases of dengue fever each year in most tropical and subtropical areas of the world. increased global travel has been accompanied by an increased import not only of dengue but also of severe fevers of unknown origin to sweden. fifty-seven swedish travelers to dengue epidemic areas, with clinical and serologically diagnosed dengue fever, were included in this study. to find fast and reliable method ... | 2005 | 15956408 |
| inhibition of alpha/beta interferon signaling by the ns4b protein of flaviviruses. | flaviviruses are insect-borne, positive-strand rna viruses that have been disseminated worldwide. their genome is translated into a polyprotein, which is subsequently cleaved by a combination of viral and host proteases to produce three structural proteins and seven nonstructural proteins. the nonstructural protein ns4b of dengue 2 virus partially blocks activation of stat1 and interferon-stimulated response element (isre) promoters in cells stimulated with interferon (ifn). we have found that t ... | 2005 | 15956546 |
| comparison of contact and spatial repellency of catnip oil and n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) against mosquitoes. | nepetalactone, the primary component of catnip oil, was compared with the repellent n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) for its ability to affect the host-seeking ability of aedes aegypti (l.). a triple cage olfactometer was used to bioassay each substance and to assess its attraction inhibition (spatial repellent) attributes when combined with the following attractants: carbon dioxide, acetone, a blend of l-lactic acid and acetone, and human odors. repellent tests were conducted with each subs ... | 2005 | 15962779 |
| synthesis of additional endotoxins in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni pg-14 and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan significantly improves their mosquitocidal efficacy. | a fundamental principal of resistance management is that the more complex and potent a toxin mixture, the slower resistance will develop to the mixture in an insect population. thus, to develop more complex and potent mosquitocidal bacteria, we genetically engineered bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni pg-14 and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan, to synthesize, respectively, the binary (bin) toxin of bacillus sphaericus or a combination of bin and the cytla protein of bacillus thuring ... | 2005 | 15962784 |
| use of novel compounds for pest control: insecticidal and acaricidal activity of essential oil components from heartwood of alaska yellow cedar. | laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the activity of 15 natural products isolated from essential oil components extracted from the heartwood of alaska yellow cedar, chamaecyparis nootkatensis (d. don) spach., against ixodes scapularis say nymphs, xenopsylla cheopis (rothchild), and aedes aegypti (l.) adults. four of the compounds from the essential oil have been identified as monoterpenes, five as eremophilane sesquiterpenes, five as eremophilane sesquiterpene derivatives from valenc ... | 2005 | 15962787 |
| [characteristics of new cell cultures derived from embryonic tissues of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae)]. | cell cultures from insects are a useful methodology in technological and biomedical studies. | 2005 | 15962903 |
| cry11aa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis binds its receptor in aedes aegypti mosquito larvae through loop alpha-8 of domain ii. | bacillus thuringiensis subs israelensis produces cry toxins active against mosquitoes. receptor binding is a key determinant for specificity of cry toxins composed of three domains. we found that exposed loop alpha-8 of cry11aa toxin, located in domain ii, is an important epitope involved in receptor interaction. synthetic peptides corresponding to exposed regions in domain ii (loop alpha-8, beta-4 and loop 3) competed binding of cry11aa to membrane vesicles from aedes aegypti midgut microvilli. ... | 2005 | 15963509 |
| dengue in grenada. | dengue fever is endemic in the country of grenada and is grossly underreported as a source of morbidity. the goal of this study was to assess the status of dengue fever in a representative community in grenada. | 2005 | 15969973 |
| knowledge and attitudes in puerto rico concerning dengue prevention. | dengue has been endemic in puerto rico for three decades. multiple educational and community-based efforts have been developed to inform the population about dengue prevention. we undertook this study to understand the community members' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dengue prevention and to elicit their ideas for future prevention campaigns. | 2005 | 15969976 |
| antennal expressed genes of the yellow fever mosquito (aedes aegypti l.); characterization of odorant-binding protein 10 and takeout. | a small cdna library was constructed from antennae of 100 adult male aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquitoes. sequencing of 80 clones identified 49 unique gene products, including a member of the odorant binding protein family (aaeg-obp10), a homologue of takeout (aaeg-to), and transposable elements of the line, sine and mite classes. aaeg-obp10 encodes a 140 amino acid protein including a predicted 25 amino acid signal peptide. aaeg-obp10 expression was adult male enriched, increased with adult a ... | 2005 | 15978998 |
| time-specific ecological niche modeling predicts spatial dynamics of vector insects and human dengue cases. | numerous human diseases-malaria, dengue, yellow fever and leishmaniasis, to name a few-are transmitted by insect vectors with brief life cycles and biting activity that varies in both space and time. although the general geographic distributions of these epidemiologically important species are known, the spatiotemporal variation in their emergence and activity remains poorly understood. we used ecological niche modeling via a genetic algorithm to produce time-specific predictive models of monthl ... | 2005 | 15979656 |
| cloning and characterization of cdnas encoding putative ctcfs in the mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae. | one of the many ascribed functions of ccctc-binding factor (ctcf) in vertebrates is insulation of genes via enhancer-blocking. insulation allows genes to be shielded from "cross-talk" with neighboring regulatory elements. as such, endogenous insulator sequences would be valuable elements to enable stable transgene expression. recently, ctcf joined su(hw), zw5, beaf32 and gaga factor as a protein associated with insulator activity in the fruitfly, drosophila melanogaster. to date, no known insula ... | 2005 | 15985163 |
| detailed assessment of microhabitat suitability for aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in buenos aires, argentina. | little information is available on the ecology of aedes aegypti linnaeus at the southern extreme of its distribution (buenos aires, argentina), particularly on microhabitat suitability. the aim of our study was to identify at a detailed scale, microhabitat factors that correlate with the presence of preimaginal stages of the mosquito. in march 2001, we performed a spatial census of all containers located in a 1 ha patch within a cemetery in buenos aires city. on a reference map (1:700) we plotte ... | 2005 | 15993832 |
| castanospermine, a potent inhibitor of dengue virus infection in vitro and in vivo. | previous studies have suggested that alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as castanospermine and deoxynojirimycin inhibit dengue virus type 1 infection by disrupting the folding of the structural proteins prm and e, a step crucial to viral secretion. we extend these studies by evaluating the inhibitory activity of castanospermine against a panel of clinically important flaviviruses including all four serotypes of dengue virus, yellow fever virus, and west nile virus. using in vitro assays we demons ... | 2005 | 15994763 |
| factors influencing the population structure of aedes aegypti from the main cities in cambodia. | a population genetic analysis was conducted on 47 aedes aegypti collections from cambodia. genetic differentiation at seven polymorphic isoenzyme loci was analysed by starch gel electrophoresis. low (f(st)=0.024) but significant (p<10(-6)) differentiation was found when all samples were considered. whatever the grouping of samples tested, differentiation remained significant but low. the role of human activities (ie insecticide treatments or water storage practices) and environmental factors (ie ... | 2005 | 15999142 |
| review of microsporidia-mosquito relationships: from the simple to the complex. | microsporidia in mosquitoes can be divided into two categories based on their life cycles and host-parasite relationships. some species of microsporidia exhibit simple life cycles with one spore type responsible for oral (horizontal) transmission. they affect only one generation of the mosquito and are not usually host or tissue specific. brachiola algerae and vavraia culicis are examples of species isolated from mosquitoes with relatively straightforward life cycles (one spore type) and simple ... | 2005 | 16004363 |
| characterization of deltamethrin resistance in field populations of aedes aegypti in thailand. | five field collections of adult aedes aegypti mosquitoes from different areas in bangkok and pathum thani provinces were subjected to susceptibility tests against deltamethrin. low levels of resistance were detected among all populations tested (rr50 = 8-17.2) compared to the susceptible strain, bora (french polynesia). among the five populations tested, the bkh (bang khen, bangkok) and psc (phasicharoen, bangkok) populations showed a higher level of deltamethrin resistance than the other three ... | 2005 | 16007969 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of a cypovirus (reoviridae) from the mosquito uranotaenia sapphirina (diptera: culicidae). | a novel cypovirus has been isolated from the mosquito uranotaenia sapphirina (uscpv) and shown to cause a chronic infection confined to the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the gastric ceca and posterior stomach. the production of large numbers of virions and inclusion bodies and their arrangement into paracrystalline arrays gives the gut of infected insects a distinctive blue iridescence. the virions, which were examined by electron microscopy, are icosahedral (55 to 65 nm in diameter) with a c ... | 2005 | 16014906 |
| residual effect of two bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis products assayed against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in laboratory and outdoors at rio de janeiro, brazil. | resistance of the dengue vector to temephos stimulated its substitution for bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) since 2001 in brazil. the persistence of the two bti formulations employed at that time by the health ministry, vectobac g and aquabac g, was assayed under laboratory and outdoor conditions. both formulations were tested at 0.2 g/10 liters of water, the same concentration applied in the field for vector control. the tests were done against ae. aegypti third instar larvae (roc ... | 2005 | 16021284 |
| fructose variation in the dengue vector, aedes aegypti, during high and low transmission seasons in the mae sot region of thailand. | to understand the potential for facultative sugar feeding by aedes aegypti, an important vector of dengue viruses, we evaluated seasonal and villagewide variation in sugar feeding during high- and low-dengue transmission seasons (rainy and dry seasons, respectively) in the mae sot region of thailand. these seasons in thailand are represented by different periods of flowering plant phenology. although overall sugar feeding among female and male mosquitoes was low (ranging from 0.60 to 7.53 microg ... | 2005 | 16033119 |
| testing vitamin b as a home remedy against mosquitoes. | vitamin b is often recommended in the popular media as a systemic repellent against mosquitoes. this information is especially prevalent on the web. the results of a small number of published studies suggested that vitamin b complex supplements are not effective as repellents, but these studies were limited by the use of very few human subjects and only 1 species of mosquito, aedes aegypti. we extended this work with the use of larger samples of human subjects and with anopheles stephensi as the ... | 2005 | 16033124 |
| laboratory evaluation of mosquito traps baited with a synthetic human odor blend to capture aedes aegypti. | a synthetic blend of chemicals comprising volatiles released by the human body has been shown to be an effective attractant for female aedes aegypti in olfactometer bioassays with laboratory-reared mosquitoes. we report the laboratory evaluation of ae. aegypti response to a synthetic blend tested with 4 types of mosquito traps (cdc model 512, cdc model 1012, cfg, and fay-prince traps). aedes aegypti females were attracted significantly by the blend. the higher release rate of attractant (320.2 + ... | 2005 | 16033129 |
| gene structure and expression profile of manduca sexta prophenoloxidase-activating proteinase-3 (pap-3), an immune protein containing two clip domains. | prophenoloxidase-activating proteinase-3 (pap-3) is a component of the defence system in manduca sexta. we have isolated genomic clones and elucidated the organization of this gene. the 3' end of exon 2, the entire exon 3 and the 5' end of exon 4 encode the two amino-terminal clip domains. southern blot analysis suggested a single copy of the pap-3 gene in the genome. we identified several putative immune-responsive elements in the upstream region. the pap-3 gene is not highly expressed in the f ... | 2005 | 16033436 |
| michelob_x is the missing inhibitor of apoptosis protein antagonist in mosquito genomes. | apoptosis is implicated in the life cycle of the malaria parasite in mosquitoes. the genome project for the primary malaria vector anopheles gambiae showed a significant expansion of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (iap) and caspase gene families in comparison with drosophila. however, because of extensive sequence divergence, no orthologue was identified for the reaper/grim-like iap antagonist genes that have a pivotal role in cell death regulation in drosophila. using a customized searching ... | 2005 | 16041319 |
| comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. | the mosquito repellent activity of 38 essential oils from plants at three concentrations was screened against the mosquito aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions using human subjects. on a volunteer's forearm, 0.1 ml of oil was applied per 30 cm2 of exposed skin. when the tested oils were applied at a 10% or 50% concentration, none of them prevented mosquito bites for as long as 2 h, but the undiluted oils of cymbopogon nardus (citronella), pogostemon cablin (patchuli), syzygium aromaticum (c ... | 2005 | 16041723 |
| carbon dioxide instantly sensitizes female yellow fever mosquitoes to human skin odours. | female mosquitoes are noted for their ability to use odours to locate a host for a blood meal. two sensory organs contribute to their sense of smell: the maxillary palps, which measure the level of co2, and the antennae, which detect other host-released odours. to establish the relative importance and interactions of co2 and other body emissions in freely flying mosquitoes, we presented female yellow fever mosquitoes aedes aegypti l. with broad plumes of human skin odour and co2 at natural conce ... | 2005 | 16043601 |
| impact of vector control on a dengue fever outbreak in trinidad, west indies, in 1998. | in 1998, trinidad experienced its first major outbreak of dengue haemorrhagic fever. data from the trinidad public health laboratory, the national surveillance unit and insect vector control division, ministry of health, trinidad and tobago were analysed to determine the impact of vector control measures on the dengue outbreak. geographical information systems (gis)/global positioning systems (gps) were used to map cases and to distinguish epidemiological clusters. the aedes aegypti population d ... | 2005 | 16045461 |
| effectiveness of dengue control practices in household water containers in northeast thailand. | to investigate the influence of larval control methods (using temephos, keeping fish and covering containers with lids), water use and weekly cleaning of containers on the presence of aedes aegypti larvae in water-storage containers in rural and urban households in khon kaen province. | 2005 | 16045462 |
| insecticidal, repellent and oviposition-deterrent activity of selected essential oils against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. | essential oils extracted from 10 medicinal plants were evaluated for larvicidal, adulticidal, ovicidal, oviposition-deterrent and repellent activities towards three mosquito species; anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. the essential oils of juniperus macropoda and pimpinella anisum were highly effective as both larvicidal and ovicidal. the essential oil of p. anisum showed toxicity against 4th instar larvae of a. stephensi and a. aegypti with equivalent ld95 values of ... | 2005 | 16051081 |
| building a better ovitrap for detecting aedes aegypti oviposition. | | 2005 | 16055072 |
| cloning and characterization of two novel genes, cry24b and s1orf2, from a mosquitocidal strain of bacillus thuringiensis serovar sotto. | two new crystal protein genes, cry24b and s1orf2, were cloned from a mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis serovar sotto strain. the cry24b and s1orf2 genes encoded a 76-kda and 62-kda protein, respectively. the cry24b protein retained five conserved regions commonly found in the existing cry proteins. the amino acid sequence of the s1orf2 had a high homology to that of the orf2 protein of b. thuringiensis serovar jegathesan. southern hybridization experiments with a cry24b gene-specific probe re ... | 2005 | 16059769 |
| growth, sporulation, delta-endotoxins synthesis, and toxicity during culture of bacillus thuringiensis h14. | growth, sporulation, synthesis of delta-endotoxins, and toxicity against the larvae of aedes aegypti and culex pipiens were studied during fermentation of bacillus thuringiensis h14 in a 20-l fermentor. measurements of optical density and dielectric permittivity for biomass determination suggest a highly promising technique for on-line evaluation of sporulation. the synthesis of 65-, 25- and 130-kda proteins started at 16, 18, and 23 h, respectively. these proteins were enriched in different way ... | 2005 | 16059772 |
| inhibitor kappab-like proteins from a polydnavirus inhibit nf-kappab activation and suppress the insect immune response. | complex signaling pathways regulate the innate immune system of insects, with nf-kappab transcription factors playing a central role in the activation of antimicrobial peptides and other immune genes. although numerous studies have characterized the immune responses of insects to pathogens, comparatively little is known about the counter-strategies pathogens have evolved to circumvent host defenses. among the most potent immunosuppressive pathogens of insects are polydnaviruses that are symbioti ... | 2005 | 16061795 |
| phytochemical studies on the seed extract of piper nigrum linn. | the petroleum ether extract of dried ground seeds of piper nigrum linn. and some column fractions of this extract were subjected to gc and gc-ms analysis, resulting in the identification of fourteen compounds (1-14) by using nist mass spectral search program 1998 and the kovat's retention indices. ten of the compounds (1, 2, 4-12) are reported for the first time from this plant. all the fractions showed insecticidal activity against the fourth instar larvae of aedes aegypti and against the fourt ... | 2005 | 16076642 |
| immune signaling pathways regulating bacterial and malaria parasite infection of the mosquito anopheles gambiae. | we show that, in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae, expression of cecropin 1 is regulated by rel2, an nf-kappab-like transcription factor orthologous to drosophila relish. through alternative splicing, rel2 produces a full-length (rel2-f) and a shorter (rel2-s) protein isoform lacking the inhibitory ankyrin repeats and death domain. rna interference experiments show that, in contrast to drosophila relish, which responds solely to gram-negative bacteria, the anopheles rel2-f and rel2-s isoform ... | 2005 | 16076953 |
| [residual effect of commercial applications of larvicides temefos and bacillus thuringiensis israelensis on aedes aegypti larvae in recipients with water renewal]. | the residual effect of temefos (commercial applications a, b and c) and bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (d and e) on aedes aegypti larvae was evaluated, in recipients with water renewal. forty-four beakers of 1,000ml each (8 for each application and 4 controls) were used. in each beaker, 25 larvae were introduced daily. after 24 hours, the dead larvae were counted, the beakers emptied to 200ml and refilled to original volume, with addition of new larvae. the duration of the maximum residual e ... | 2005 | 16082478 |
| prevalence of dengue virus in aedes mosquitoes during dry season by semi-nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (semi-nested rt-pcr). | dengue hemorrhagic fever remains a major health concern in thailand. much effort has focused on the prevention and control of the disease. detection of dengue virus infection rate in mosquitoes would evaluate dengue control programs and predict the epidemics of dengue hemorrhagic fever. to determine dengue virus infection rate in mosquitoes by semi-nested rt-pcr. a total of 400 mosquitoes were collected from rom kao community representing a crowded community and another 9 non-crowded communities ... | 2004 | 16083176 |
| identification and analysis of ribonuclease p and mrp rna in a broad range of eukaryotes. | rnases p and mrp are ribonucleoprotein complexes involved in trna and rrna processing, respectively. the rna subunits of these two enzymes are structurally related to each other and play an essential role in the enzymatic reaction. both of the rnas have a highly conserved helical region, p4, which is important in the catalytic reaction. we have used a bioinformatics approach based on conserved elements to computationally analyze available genomic sequences of eukaryotic organisms and have identi ... | 2005 | 16087735 |
| an anti-chitinase malaria transmission-blocking single-chain antibody as an effector molecule for creating a plasmodium falciparum-refractory mosquito. | indirect evidence has suggested the existence of a second chitinase gene, pgcht2, in the avian malaria parasite plasmodium gallinaceum. we have now identified pgcht2 as the orthologue of the p. falciparum chitinase gene pfcht1, a malaria transmission-blocking target. computational phylogenetic evidence and biochemical and cell biological functional data support the hypothesis that an avian-related plasmodium species was the ancestor of both p. falciparum and p. reichenowi, and this single lineag ... | 2005 | 16088838 |
| expression of the cry11a gene of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the complete cry11a region gene of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis was fused in frame to the 3' end of the gst gene under the control of the saccharomyces cerevisiae hxk1 promoter. the fusion protein gst-cry11a was expressed in s. cerevisiae strain amw13c+. the fusion gene gst-cry11a was expressed when yeast cells were grown on galactose and a nonfermentable medium containing ethanol as carbon and energy source. when the cells were grown in glucose, mannose, fructose, or glycerol as carb ... | 2005 | 16091775 |
| development and characterization of a double subgenomic chikungunya virus infectious clone to express heterologous genes in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | three full-length infectious cdna clones based on the alphavirus chikungunya (chikv) were developed and characterized in vitro and in vivo. the full-length clone retained the viral phenotypes of chikv in both cell culture and in mosquitoes and should be a valuable tool for the study of virus interactions in an epidemiologically significant natural vector, aedes aegypti. two additional infectious clones were constructed that express green fluorescent protein (egfp) in the midgut, salivary glands, ... | 2005 | 16102421 |
| mutant mos1 mariner transposons are hyperactive in aedes aegypti. | the development of genetic strategies to control the spread of mosquito-borne diseases through the use of class ii transposons has been hampered by suboptimal rates of transformation and the absence of post-integration mobility for all transposons evaluated to date. two mos1 mariner transposase mutants were produced by the site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids, e137 and e264, to k and r, respectively. the effects of these mutations on the transpositional activities of mos1-derived transposon ... | 2005 | 16102425 |
| dengue virus nonstructural protein ns5 induces interleukin-8 transcription and secretion. | elevated circulating levels of chemokines have been reported in patients with dengue fever and are proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of dengue disease. to establish in vitro models for chemokine induction by dengue 2 virus (den2v), we studied a variety of human cell lines and primary cells. den2v infection of hepg2 and primary dendritic cells induced the production of interleukin-8 (il-8), rantes, mip-1alpha, and mip-1beta, whereas only il-8 and rantes were induced following dengue viru ... | 2005 | 16103156 |
| the secreted form of dengue virus nonstructural protein ns1 is endocytosed by hepatocytes and accumulates in late endosomes: implications for viral infectivity. | the flavivirus nonstructural protein ns1 is expressed as three discrete species in infected mammalian cells: an intracellular, membrane-associated form essential for viral replication, a cell surface-associated form that may be involved in signal transduction, and a secreted form (sns1), the biological properties of which remain elusive. to determine the distribution of the dengue virus (den) sns1 protein in vivo, we have analyzed by immunohistological means the tissue tropism of purified den sn ... | 2005 | 16103191 |
| application of an alternative aedes species (diptera: culicidae) surveillance method in botucatu city, sao paulo, brazil. | one of the main problems with dengue is the control of aedes aegypti, its major vector. in brazil, the current control program for ae. aegypti and aedes albopictus populations includes larval density surveys. an interesting alternative is the use of a distinct index, the premise condition index (pci). this tool relates conditions of property, such as houses and yards, and the degree of shade with the occurrence of aedes sp. oviposition, and is calculated as scores from 3 to 9. the lowest score i ... | 2005 | 16103596 |
| field evaluation of spatial repellency of metofluthrin impregnated plastic strips against mosquitoes in hai phong city, vietnam. | spatial repellency of metofluthrin-impregnated polyethylene plastic strips against mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus, were studied in a residential area in hai phong city, vietnam. thirty houses were selected as trial sites; half of these were assigned as untreated control and the other half were assigned for treatment. primarily, irrespective of the room size, one room was treated with one strip. the dominant species in the trial sites were culex quinquefasciatus and aedes ae ... | 2005 | 16103602 |
| potential role of sylvatic and domestic african mosquito species in dengue emergence. | dengue virus 2 (denv-2) strains that circulate in sylvatic habitats of senegal and other parts of west africa are believed to represent ancestral forms that evolved into endemic/epidemic strains that now circulate widely in urban areas of the tropics. previous studies suggested that the evolution of the endemic/epidemic strains was mediated by adaptation to the peridomestic mosquito vectors aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus. we conducted experimental infections using sylvatic and peridomestic sen ... | 2005 | 16103619 |
| enhanced t-cell response to mosquito extracts by nk cells in hypersensitivity to mosquito bites associated with ebv infection and nk cell lymphocytosis. | hypersensitivity to mosquito bites is characterized by severe systemic as well as local symptoms, and associated with chronic active ebv infection and nk cell lymphocytosis. in this hen disease, we investigated the response of pbmc to msg extracts. pbmc were taken from three defined cases of hen disease, three borderline cases, five individuals with simple exaggerated reactions to mosquito bites without systemic symptoms (simple responders), and eight healthy donors. pbmc, or purified cd4+, cd8+ ... | 2005 | 16108834 |
| mosquito natriuretic peptide identified as a calcitonin-like diuretic hormone in anopheles gambiae (giles). | mosquito natriuretic peptide (mnp), an uncharacterised peptide from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, acts via cyclic amp to stimulate secretion of na+-rich urine by opening a na+ conductance in the basolateral membrane of malpighian tubule principal cells. corticotropin releasing factor (crf)-related peptides and calcitonin (ct)-like diuretic peptides use cyclic amp as a second messenger and were therefore considered likely candidates for mnp. blast searches of the genome of the malaria ... | 2005 | 16109890 |
| anopheles gambiae srpn2 facilitates midgut invasion by the malaria parasite plasmodium berghei. | we report on a phylogenetic and functional analysis of genes encoding three mosquito serpins (srpn1, srpn2 and srpn3), which resemble known inhibitors of prophenoloxidase-activating enzymes in other insects. following rna interference induction by double-stranded rna injection, knockdown of srpn2 in adult anopheles gambiae produced a notable phenotype: the appearance of melanotic pseudotumours, which increased in size and number with time, indicating spontaneous melanization and association with ... | 2005 | 16113656 |
| tick saliva is a potent inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. | we report for the first time that saliva of the hard tick and lyme disease vector, ixodes scapularis, is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. saliva (< or = 1:500 dilutions) or salivary gland (0.1-0.5 pairs/assay) dose-dependently inhibits microvascular endothelial cell (mvec) proliferation. inhibition was also detected with the saliva of the cattle tick boophilus microplus but not with the salivary gland of anopheles gambiae, an. stephensi, lutzomyia longipalpis, phlebotomus papatasi, aedes aegy ... | 2005 | 16113800 |
| identification of the best ovitrap installation sites for gravid aedes (stegomyia) aegypti in residences in mirassol, state of são paulo, brazil. | this study aimed at identifying the best ovitrap installation sites for gravid aedes aegypti in mirassol, state of são paulo, brazil. ovitraps were installed in ten houses per block over ten blocks. four ovitraps were placed per residence, one in the bedroom, one in the living room, and two outdoors with one in a sheltered area and one in an outside site. each week for eleven weeks, visits were made to examine the ovitraps and to change the paddles used for egg-laying. eggs were analyzed accordi ... | 2005 | 16113880 |
| suppression of brugia malayi (sub-periodic) larval development in aedes aegypti (liverpool strain) fed on blood of animals immunized with microfilariae. | preliminary studies were carried out to investigate the role of filarial specific antibodies, raised in an animal model against the filarial parasite, brugia malayi (sub-periodic), in blocking their early development in an experimental mosquito host, aedes aegypti (liverpool strain). in order to generate filarial specific antibodies, mongolian gerbils, meriones unguiculatus, were immunized either with live microfilariae (mf) of b. malayi or their homogenate. mf were harvested from the peritoneal ... | 2005 | 16113889 |
| monitoring of resistance to the pyrethroid cypermethrin in brazilian aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) populations collected between 2001 and 2003. | resistance to cypermethrin of different aedes aegypti brazilian populations, collected at two successive periods (2001 and 2002/2003), was monitored using the insecticide-coated bottles bioassay. slight modifications were included in the method to discriminate between mortality and the knock down effect. although this pyrethroid was recently started to be used in the country to control the dengue vector, a decrease in susceptibility was noted between both periods analyzed, particularly in the ci ... | 2005 | 16113895 |
| infestation of aedes aegypti estimated by oviposition traps in brazil. | to assess infestation levels of aedes aegypti using the oviposition trap (ovitrap) method and to compare these results with data obtained with the use of indices traditionally applied in public programs aimed at fighting this vector. | 2005 | 16113903 |
| [seasonal fluctuation of aedes aegypti in chaco province, argentina]. | to study the seasonal fluctuation of aedes aegypti and to correlate its abundance with climate conditions. | 2005 | 16113904 |
| asymmetrical competition and patterns of abundance of aedes albopictus and culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | we tested for competitive advantage among larvae of aedes albopictus (skuse) and culex pipiens l. in a laboratory experiment and determined the frequency and spatial and temporal patterns of co-occurrence in the field in east st. louis, il. in a laboratory competition experiment at multiple combined densities of ae. albopictus and cx. pipiens larvae, ae. albopictus survivorship and developmental times were significantly affected by conspecific densities but not by cx. pipiens densities. in contr ... | 2005 | 16119544 |
| genetic structure and gene flow among aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) populations from central thailand. | isozymes from five wild-caught populations of aedes aegypti (l.) were compared using starch gel electrophoresis to estimate rates of gene flow between and among geographically close mosquito populations. ae. aegypti were collected from five different locations in bangkok, thailand. one collection was obtained from central bangkok (huai-khwang); the other four samples were obtained from surrounding areas (districts latkrabang, ratburana, laksi, and bangkok noi). based on 24 loci (17 enzyme system ... | 2005 | 16119549 |
| potential use of pyriproxyfen for control of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in iquitos, perú. | the effects of pyriproxyfen were tested against a local population of aedes aegypti (l.) in iquitos, perú. bioassays showed that, when applied to late instars, pyriproxyfen prevented adult emergence at extremely low concentrations (lc50 = 0.012 ppb). there was no adult emergence from water sampled from storage tanks that had been seeded with the equivalent of 50-83 ppb (ai) pyriproxyfen. five months after treatment, despite constant dilution of these tanks, water sampled from these sources conti ... | 2005 | 16119551 |
| feeding deterrent effects of catnip oil components compared with two synthetic amides against aedes aegypti. | recently, catnip, nepeta cataria l. (lamiaceae), essential oil has been formulated and marketed as an alternative repellent for protection against biting arthropods by several vendors. we isolated the major active components of catnip oil, e,z- and z,e-nepetalactone, and quantitatively measured their antibiting efficacy compared with the repellents n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and chiral (1s,2's)-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (ss220) against the yellowfever mosquito, ae ... | 2005 | 16119554 |
| characterization of n-linked oligosaccharides in chorion peroxidase of aedes aegypti mosquito. | a peroxidase is present in the chorion of aedes aegypti eggs and catalyzes chorion protein cross-linking during chorion hardening, which is critical for egg survival in the environment. the unique chorion peroxidase (cpo) is a glycoprotein. this study deals with the n-glycosylation site, structures, and profile of cpo-associated oligosaccharides using mass spectrometric techniques and enzymatic digestion. cpo was isolated from chorion by solubilization and several chromatographic methods. mono-s ... | 2005 | 16131661 |
| identification and characterization of the fibrinogen-like domain of fibrinogen-related proteins in the mosquito, anopheles gambiae, and the fruitfly, drosophila melanogaster, genomes. | the fibrinogen-like (fbg) domain, which consists of approximately 200 amino acid residues, has high sequence similarity to the c-terminal halves of fibrinogen beta and gamma chains. fibrinogen-related proteins (freps), which contain fbg domains in their c-terminal region, are found universally in vertebrates and invertebrates. in invertebrates, freps are involved in immune responses and other aspects of physiology. to understand the complexity of this family in insects, we analyzed freps in the ... | 2005 | 16150145 |
| transgenic alteration of toll immune pathway in the female mosquito aedes aegypti. | reverse genetics is a powerful tool for understanding gene functions and their interactions in the mosquito innate immunity. we took the transgenic approach, in combination with the rna interference (rnai) technique, to elucidate the role of mosquito rel1, a homolog of drosophila dorsal, in regulation of toll immune pathway in the mosquito aedes aegypti. by transforming the mosquitoes with deltarel1-a or a double-stranded rna construct of rel1 driven by the female fat body-specific vitellogenin ... | 2005 | 16157887 |
| dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemics in brazil: what research is needed based on trends, surveillance, and control experiences? | dengue epidemics account annually for several million cases and deaths worldwide. the high endemic level of dengue fever and its hemorrhagic form correlates to extensive domiciliary infestation by aedes aegypti and multiple viral serotype human infection. this study analyzed serial case reports registered in brazil since 1981, describing incidence evolutionary patterns and spatial distribution. epidemic waves followed the introduction of every serotype (den 1 to 3), and reduction in susceptible ... | 2005 | 16158135 |
| partial restoration of antibacterial activity of the protein encoded by a cryptic open reading frame (cyt1ca) from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by site-directed mutagenesis. | insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis belong to two unrelated toxin families: receptor-specific cry toxins against insects and cyt toxins that lyse a broad range of cells, including bacteria, via direct binding to phospholipids. a new cyt-like open reading frame (cyt1ca) encoding a 60-kda protein, has recently been discovered (c. berry et al., appl. environ. microbiol. 68:5082-5095, 2002). cyt1ca displays the structure of a two-domain fusion protein: the n-terminal moiety resem ... | 2005 | 16159771 |
| modulation of anopheles gambiae gene expression in response to o'nyong-nyong virus infection. | to determine if gene expression of an. gambiae is modulated in response to o'nyong-nyong virus (onnv) infection, we utilized cdna microarrays including about 20 000 cdnas. gene expression levels of onnv-infected female mosquitoes were compared to that of the uninfected control females harvested at 14 days postinfection. in response to onnv infection, expression levels of 18 genes were significantly modulated, being at least two-fold up- or down-regulated. quantitative real-time pcr analysis (qrt ... | 2005 | 16164603 |
| co-expression of bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba and cyt2aa2 in escherichia coli revealed high synergism against aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae. | cry4ba is a delta-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and cyt2aa2 is a cytolytic delta-endotoxin produced by b. thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis. cry4ba produced in escherichia coli was toxic to aedes aegypti larvae (lc(50)=140 ng ml(-1)) but virtually inactive to culex quinquefasciatus larvae. cyt2aa2 expressed in e. coli exhibited moderate activity against a. aegypti and c. quinquefasciatus larvae with lc(50) values of 350 and 250 ng ml(-1), respectively. co-expr ... | 2005 | 16168580 |
| characterization of apyrase-like activity in ochlerotatus triseriatus, ochlerotatus hendersoni, and aedes aegypti. | the saliva of a blood-feeding insect can facilitate the intake of blood and effect the transmission of a pathogen. apyrase is a salivary enzyme that inhibits the aggregation of platelets by hydrolyzing the activating molecule adp. apyrase also hydrolyzes atp, which is a signal for neutrophil activation. investigators have reported that malaria vector species in the anopheles gambiae species complex and the genus simulium had more apyrase activity than sibling species that were non-vectors. in th ... | 2005 | 16172478 |
| fitness consequences of anopheles gambiae population hybridization. | the use of transgenic mosquitoes with parasite inhibiting genes has been proposed as an integral strategy to control malaria transmission. however, release of exotic transgenic mosquitoes will bring in novel alleles along with parasite-inhibiting genes that may have unknown effects on native populations. thus it is necessary to study the effects and dynamics of fitness traits in native mosquito populations in response to the introduction of novel genes. this study was designed to evaluate the dy ... | 2005 | 16174295 |
| genetic variation along time in a brazilian population of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), detected by changes in the esterase patterns. | aedes aegypti from the brazilian cities of são josé do rio preto (sj) and goiânia (go) were analyzed as to their esterase patterns and the results were compared with data obtained about 5 years before for sj population. esterase bands not detected in the previous study were now observed in mosquitoes from both sj and go populations, being the last considered a population resistant to insecticides. other similarities between sj and go populations in this study, and some differences in comparison ... | 2005 | 16175454 |
| phylogeography of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) based on mitochondrial dna variations. | aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) are the most important vectors of the dengue and yellow-fever viruses. both took advantage of trade developments to spread throughout the tropics from their native area: a. aegypti originated from africa and a. albopictus from south-east asia. we investigated the relationships between a. aegypti and a. albopictus mosquitoes based on three mitochondrial-dna genes (cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase i and nadh dehydrogenase subu ... | 2005 | 16181519 |
| binding aedes aegypti densonucleosis virus to ion exchange membranes. | experimental and numerical results for binding aedes aegypti densonucleosis virus (aednv) using anion and cation exchange membranes are presented. aednv particles are adsorbed by anion and cation exchange membranes providing the virus particles and membranes are oppositely charged. q membranes which are strongly basic anion exchangers were the most effective. dynamic and static capacities for q membranes were found to be similar. a numerical model is proposed which assumes a log normal pore size ... | 2005 | 16188566 |
| dengue virus inoculation to human skin explants: an effective approach to assess in situ the early infection and the effects on cutaneous dendritic cells. | although dengue virus (dv) enters through skin while mosquitoes feed, early contacts remain unexplored regarding the cutaneous viral fate and in situ immune responses. we addressed this by exposing healthy, non-cadaveric, freshly obtained human skin explants to a human dv2 isolate. we demonstrated negative-strand dv-rna and non-structural protein-1, both suggestive of viral replication in skin. although control, mock-infected and dv-infected explants showed less (mhc-cii(+)/cd1a(+)/langerin+) la ... | 2005 | 16191104 |
| projection patterns of gustatory neurons in the suboesophageal ganglion and tritocerebrum of mosquitoes. | mosquitoes are heavily dependent on gustatory information when feeding. following the recent elucidation of the molecular basis of gustation in the malaria mosquito, we present a detailed study of primary central projections of gustatory receptor neurons into the brain in the malaria (anopheles gambiae) and yellow fever (aedes aegypti) mosquito. in the brain we provide a detailed map of the areas targeted and describe a number of intrinsic neural elements connecting primary taste areas to higher ... | 2005 | 16196031 |
| effect of larval crowding on mating competitiveness of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. | the success of sterile or transgenic anopheles for malaria control depends on their mating competitiveness within wild populations. current evidence suggests that transgenic mosquitoes have reduced fitness. one means of compensating for this fitness deficit would be to identify environmental conditions that increase their mating competitiveness, and incorporate them into laboratory rearing regimes. | 2005 | 16197541 |
| malarial infection in aedes aegypti : effects on feeding, fecundity and metabolic rate. | we have examined metabolic rate, lipid and carbohydrate of female aedes aegypti during 10 days following a malaria-infected bloodmeal. in parallel, we determined bloodmeal size, portions retained and diuresed, and subsequent fecundity. we found that mosquitoes obtained identical masses of blood when feeding on an infected or control host. however, infected mosquitoes lost more mass during diuresis and retained a smaller mass. infection led to a significant reduction in fecundity, the extent of w ... | 2006 | 16197594 |
| sindbis virus induces transport processes and alters expression of innate immunity pathway genes in the midgut of the disease vector, aedes aegypti. | the midgut of hematophagous insects is the initial site of infection by arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) and plays a crucial role in vector competence. to further understand processes that occur in the midgut in response to infection by an arbovirus, dna microarrays were used to analyze gene expression changes following infection by the alphavirus, sindbis (mre16 malaysian strain). midgut transcription profiles from mosquitoes fed blood containing 10(8)pfu/ml of virus were compared with tho ... | 2005 | 16203210 |
| serotype-specific detection of dengue viruses in a fourplex real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assay. | the dengue (den) viruses are positive-strand rna viruses in the genus flavivirus. dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome are important human arboviral diseases caused by infection with one of four closely related but serologically distinct den viruses, designated den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4 viruses. all four den serotypes are currently co-circulating throughout the subtropics and tropics, and genotypic variation occurs among isolates within a serotype. a real-time qua ... | 2005 | 16207951 |
| [detection of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti l. mosquitoes in sochi city]. | few aedes aegypti females were found when collecting the mosquitoes attacking human beings in the central district of sochi in august to september 2001-2004. ae. aegypti, a vector of dangerous causative agents of diseases, such as yellow and aden fevers, appeared on the black sea coast of the caucasus is recorded after its long absence. by taking into account the potential epidemic value of ae. aegypti, it is necessary to make a monitoring in the cities, towns, and settlements to establish the s ... | 2005 | 16212085 |
| influence of the endosymbiont of blastocrithidia culicis and crithidia deanei on the glycoconjugate expression and on aedes aegypti interaction. | blastocrithidia culicis and crithidia deanei are trypanosomatid protozoa of insects that normally contain intracellular symbiotic bacteria. the protozoa can be rid of their endosymbionts by antibiotics, producing a cured cell line. here, we analyzed the glycoconjugate profiles of endosymbiont-harboring and cured strains of b. culicis and c. deanei by western blotting and flow cytometry analyses using lectins that recognize specifically sialic acid and mannose-like residues. the absence of the en ... | 2005 | 16216441 |
| a two-year survey on mosquitoes of lebanon. | a total of 6,500 mosquitoes were identified during a two-year survey (1999-2001) in lebanon, and these belonged to twelve species: culex pipiens, cx. laticinctus, cx. mimeticus, cx. hortensis, cx. judaicus, aedes aegypti, ae. cretinus, ochlerotatus caspius, oc. geniculatus, oc. pulchritarsis, culiseta longiareolata and anopheles claviger. culex pipiens was the most predominant species in lebanon, collected indoors and outdoors. it was continuously abundant and active throughout the year. culex j ... | 2005 | 16218210 |
| aedes (stegomyia) albopictus--a dengue threat for southern australia? | aedes albopictus, the so-called 'asian tiger mosquito,' which has invaded areas of the pacific, the americas, africa and europe, and been intercepted in various australian seaports in recent years, has now become established on a number of torres strait islands in northern queensland and threatens to invade mainland australia. as well as being a significant pest with day-biting tendencies, ae. albopictus is a vector of dengue viruses and is capable of transmitting a number of other arboviruses. ... | 2005 | 16220868 |
| genetic diversity of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in australia and implications for future surveillance and mainland incursion monitoring. | in february 2004, the discovery of an incursion of the dengue vector aedes aegypti into the town of tennant creek in the northern territory caused concern for the northern territory health authorities who proceeded to implement a commonwealth-funded eradication program. to determine the origin of the incursion, we performed a genetic analysis on ae. aegypti from several queensland and overseas localities. a comparison of dna sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 gene indicated th ... | 2005 | 16220869 |
| additional morphological and physiological heterogeneity within the midgut of larval aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) revealed by histology, electrophysiology, and effects of bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin. | analysis of larval aedes aegypti midgut using scanning electron microscopy, nuclear and mitochondrial dyes, response to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis cryivb toxin, and electrophysiology is described. the anterior ventriculus ("stomach") region is found to have much lower mitochondrial densities than other midgut regions. the transitional region is distinguished by apical surface architecture, and by region-specific effects of cryivb endotoxin. in this region cryivb causes holes ranging from ... | 2005 | 16221479 |
| wolbachia establishment and invasion in an aedes aegypti laboratory population. | a proposed strategy to aid in controlling the growing burden of vector-borne disease is population replacement, in which a natural vector population is replaced by a population with a reduced capacity for disease transmission. an important component of such a strategy is the drive system, which serves to spread a desired genotype into the targeted field population. endosymbiotic wolbachia bacteria are potential transgene drivers, but infections do not naturally occur in some important mosquito v ... | 2005 | 16224027 |
| s-phase-dependent enhancement of dengue virus 2 replication in mosquito cells, but not in human cells. | dengue virus (den) is the most prevalent cause of arthropod-borne viral illness in humans. we determined the influence of cellular growth state on den type 2 (den2) replication in mosquito and human cells, based on the hypothesis that manipulation of cellular growth state will facilitate identification of viral and cellular determinants of productive infection. comparison of density-arrested and cycling c6/36 aedes albopictus cells infected with a low-passage den2 isolate revealed that cycling c ... | 2005 | 16227245 |
| dengue fever in humanized nod/scid mice. | the increased transmission and geographic spread of dengue fever (df) and its more severe presentation, dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf), make it the most important mosquito-borne viral disease of humans (50 to 100 million infections/year) (world health organization, fact sheet 117, 2002). there are no vaccines or treatment for df or dhf because there are no animal or other models of human disease; even higher primates do not show symptoms after infection (w. f. scherer, p. k. russell, l. rosen, j ... | 2005 | 16227299 |
| isolation of bacterial strains colonizable in mosquito larval guts as novel host cells for mosquito control. | we screened for microorganisms that can be utilized as new host cells for mosquito larvicides. as long persistence in the environment is required of host cells, we examined the bacterial populations in the guts of mosquito larvae collected from natural breeding habitats. larvae of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus were examined, and bacillus species, particularly bacillus cereus, were found to be the dominant bacterial species in their guts. to investigate the relationship between these b ... | 2001 | 16233108 |
| sequencing and characterization of a cdna encoding a ferritin subunit of colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata. | a differentially expressed cdna fragment (p311) from colorado potato beetle (cpb), leptinotarsa decemlineata (say), was identified by restriction fragment differential display-polymerase chain reaction (rfdd-pcr) technique, and showed a strong similarity to ferritin heavy chain subunits of other organisms. based on p311, we constructed specific primers and obtained a 840-bp cdna fragment spanning the open reading frame of cpb ferritin subunit using the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) tec ... | 2005 | 16235258 |
| diapause in the mosquito culex pipiens evokes a metabolic switch from blood feeding to sugar gluttony. | a key characteristic of overwintering dormancy (diapause) in the mosquito culex pipiens is the switch in females from blood feeding to sugar gluttony. we present evidence demonstrating that genes encoding enzymes needed to digest a blood meal (trypsin and a chymotrypsin-like protease) are down-regulated in diapause-destined females, and that concurrently, a gene associated with the accumulation of lipid reserves (fatty acid synthase) is highly up-regulated. as the females then enter diapause, fa ... | 2005 | 16247003 |
| expression of the bacillus thuringiensis mosquitocidal toxin cry11aa in the aquatic bacterium asticcacaulis excentricus. | a mosquitocidal aquatic bacterium has been developed by introducing an operon containing the cry11aa, and p20 genes from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) into the gram-negative aquatic bacterium asticcacaulis excentricus. after transformation, the cry11aa gene was successfully expressed in recombinant a. excentricus under the tac promoter, at the level of 0.04 pg/cell. the recombinant bacteria were toxic to aedes aegypti larvae with an lc(50) of 6.83 x 10(5) cells/ml. we believe t ... | 2005 | 16252134 |
| attraction, feeding, and repellency responses in mutant strains of aedes aegypti. | in a laboratory olfactometer, 12% of female aedes aegypti with a marker gene for red eye (re), 0.7% of females with a marker gene for white eye (we), and 54.1% of females with normal (norm) eye color were attracted to odor from a human hand. when a synthetic attractant blend was used in place of the hand, the attraction rate was 7%, 0.3%, and 35.4%, respectively. on average, re females required significantly less time (76.8 sec) than we (189.6 sec) or norm (176.7 sec) females to locate, land on, ... | 2005 | 16252515 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen (sumilarv 0.5g) against dengue vectors. | the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen was tested against aedes aegypti at 0.01 and 0.02 mg of active ingredient (ai) per liter of water in 60-liter earthern jars. both concentrations provided 100% control for 4 months. in additional experiments where 10 liters of water were replaced fortnightly, 100% control was still obtained over 4 months with 0.02 mg ai/liter and greater than 93-100% control was obtained over 4 months with 0.01 mg ai/liter. in less-controlled field-trial conditions, pyripr ... | 2005 | 16252520 |
| activities of some brazilian plants against larvae of the mosquito aedes aegypti. | the insecticidal activities of extracts and oils of seventeen medicinal plants of brazil have been determined using an aedes aegypti larvicidal bioassay. oils from anacardium occidentalis, copaifera langsdorffii, carapa guianensis, cymbopogon winterianus and ageratum conyzoides showed high activities with lc50 values of 14.5, 41, 57, 98 and 148 microg/l, respectively. the most active ethanolic extract tested was that from the stem of annona glabra which presented an lc50 value of 27 microg/l. th ... | 2005 | 16253435 |
| neuronal architecture of the mosquito deutocerebrum. | mosquito behavior is heavily dependent on olfactory and mechanosensory cues, which are detected by receptor neurons on the antenna and on the palps. recent progress in mosquito sensory genomics highlights the need for an up-to-date understanding of the neural architecture of the mosquito brain. here we present a detailed description of the neural structure of the primary target of the majority of these neurons, the deutocerebrum, in the african malaria (anopheles gambiae) and yellow fever (aedes ... | 2005 | 16255032 |
| a gpi-anchored alkaline phosphatase is a functional midgut receptor of cry11aa toxin in aedes aegypti larvae. | a 65 kda gpi (glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol)-anchored alp (alkaline phosphatase) was characterized as a functional receptor of the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cry11aa toxin in aedes aegypti midgut cells. two (a 100 kda and a 65 kda) gpi-anchored proteins that bound cry11aa toxin were preferentially extracted after treatment of bbmv (brush boder membrane vesicles) from ae. aegypti midgut epithelia with phospholipase c. the 65 kda protein was further purified by toxin affinity chroma ... | 2006 | 16255715 |
| an immune-responsive serpin, srpn6, mediates mosquito defense against malaria parasites. | we have functionally analyzed the orthologous srpn6 genes from anopheles stephensi and anopheles gambiae using phylogenetic, molecular, reverse genetic, and cell biological tools. the results strongly implicate srpn6 in the innate immune response against plasmodium. this gene belongs to a mosquito-specific gene cluster including three additional anopheles serpins. srpn6 expression is induced by escherichia coli and both rodent and human malaria parasites. the gene is specifically expressed in mi ... | 2005 | 16260729 |