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aedes aegypti mosquitoes use their legs to sense deet on contact.deet (n, n-diethyl-meta-toluamide) is the most effective and widely used insect repellent, but its mechanism of action is both complex and controversial [1]. deet acts on insect smell [2-6] and taste [7-11], and its olfactory mode of action requires the odorant co-receptor orco [2, 3, 6]. we previously observed that orco mutant female aedes aegypti mosquitoes are strongly attracted to humans even in the presence of deet, but they are rapidly repelled after contacting deet-treated skin [6]. deet ...201931031114
resistance status to deltamethrin, permethrin, and temephos along with preliminary resistance mechanism in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from punjab, pakistan.the use of insecticides such as deltamethrin, permethrin, and temephos has been a primary tool to manage aedes aegypti (linnaeus) in punjab province, pakistan; however, recent reports of control failure necessitate monitoring insecticide resistance. for this reason, we evaluated 12 field strains of ae. aegypti from punjab for resistance against deltamethrin, permethrin, and temephos along with underlying resistance mechanisms. for deltamethrin, high level of resistance was observed in rawalpindi ...201931028391
association of age, sex, and pyrethroid resistance status on survival and cytochrome p450 gene expression in aedes aegypti (l.).aedes aegypti is a vector of viruses that negatively impact human health. insecticide resistance complicates mosquito control efforts, but understanding the mechanisms of resistance can help to improve management practices. this study examined different factors that could influence the interpretation of toxicity bioassays and gene expression studies in a. aegypti, including sex and age, in the context of resistance to pyrethroids. bioassays using a pyrethroid-resistant strain, puerto rico (pr), ...201931027587
"armed to the teeth": the multiple ways to survive insecticidal and predatory challenges in aedes aegypti larvae.environmental pollutants, such as insecticides, can alter the equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems, particularly those closely located to human occupations. the use of such anthropogenic compounds frequently results in the selection of resistant individuals. however, how the underlying insecticide resistance mechanisms interplay with the abilities of the resistant individuals to cope with other environmental challenges (e.g., predators) has not received adequate attention. here, we evaluated whethe ...201931027585
aedes-chikungunya virus interaction: key role of vector midguts microbiota and its saliva in the host infection.aedes mosquitoes are important vectors for emerging diseases caused by arboviruses, such as chikungunya (chikv). these viruses' main transmitting species are aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus, which are present in tropical and temperate climatic areas all over the globe. knowledge of vector characteristics is fundamentally important to the understanding of virus transmission. only female mosquitoes are able to transmit chikv to the vertebrate host since they are hematophagous. in addition, mosqui ...201931024463
microorganism-based larval diets affect mosquito development, size and nutritional reserves in the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).mosquito larvae feed on organic detritus from the environment, particularly microorganisms comprising bacteria, protozoa, and algae as well as crustaceans, plant debris, and insect exuviae. little attention has been paid to nutritional studies in aedes aegypti larvae.201931024326
cell death induced by α-terthienyl via reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the midgut of aedes aegypti larvae.α-terthienyl (α-t) is a photosensitizer that produces many reactive oxygen species (ros) under ultraviolet light. here, we aimed to evaluate the oxidation mechanism of the 25%, 50%, and 75% lethal concentrations in aedes aegypti larvae; the lethal concentration of α-t was used as the test value. the effects on mitochondria, oxidative stress, and cell death patterns caused by ros were evaluated. the results showed that α-t mainly produced large amounts of ros in the midgut of larvae. moreover, mi ...201931022448
life on the margin: rainwater tanks facilitate overwintering of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti, in a sub-tropical climate.a key determinant of insect persistence in marginal habitats is the ability to tolerate environmental extremes such as temperature. aedes aegypti is highly invasive and little is known about the physiological sensitivity of the species to fluctuating temperature regimes at the lower critical threshold for development. a temperature that may limit the establishment and persistence of the species in sub-optimal regions. daily winter temperatures were measured in common australian larval habitats, ...201931022231
application of a targeted-enrichment methodology for full-genome sequencing of dengue 1-4, chikungunya and zika viruses directly from patient samples.the frequency of epidemics caused by dengue viruses 1-4, zika virus and chikungunya viruses have been on an upward trend in recent years driven primarily by uncontrolled urbanization, mobility of human populations and geographical spread of their shared vectors, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. infections by these viruses present with similar clinical manifestations making them challenging to diagnose; this is especially difficult in regions of the world hyperendemic for these viruses. in thi ...201931022183
dengue virus reduces expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 to facilitate replication in aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti is the primary vector of a number of viruses pathogenic to humans including dengue virus (denv). denv infection leads to widespread transcriptomic and proteomic alterations in mosquito cells. here we identified alterations to the mosquito cell secretome during denv infection by performing liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. we found that an extracellular fragment of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (lrp-1) was present during infection. previous literat ...201931015516
eutrophication governs predator-prey interactions and temperature effects in aedes aegypti populations.mosquito population dynamics are driven by large-scale (e.g. climatological) and small-scale (e.g. ecological) factors. while these factors are known to independently influence mosquito populations, it remains uncertain how drivers that simultaneously operate under natural conditions interact to influence mosquito populations. we, therefore, developed a well-controlled outdoor experiment to assess the interactive effects of two ecological drivers, predation and nutrient availability, on mosquito ...201931014388
localized control of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in miami, fl, via inundative releases of wolbachia-infected male mosquitoes.as part of the response to autochthonous zika transmission in the united states, the city of south miami implemented a 6-mo period in which wolbachia-infected wb1 aedes aegypti (l.) males were released into an ~170-acre area. intracellular wolbachia bacteria infections in ae. aegypti cause early embryonic arrest (known as cytoplasmic incompatibility [ci]) and egg hatch failure, and inundative introductions have been suggested as a potential control tool. throughout the release period, the ae. ae ...201931008514
hierarchical virtual screening of potential insectides inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and juvenile hormone from temephos.aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762; diptera: culicidae) is the main vector transmitting viral diseases such as dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever, urban yellow fever, zika and chikungunya. worldwide, especially in the americas and brazil, many cases of dengue have been reported in recent years, which have shown significant growth. the main control strategy is the elimination of the vector, carried out through various education programs, to change human habits, but the most usual is biological co ...201931003398
loss of cytoplasmic incompatibility in wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti under field conditions.wolbachia bacteria are now being introduced into aedes aegypti mosquito populations for dengue control. when wolbachia infections are at a high frequency, they influence the local transmission of dengue by direct virus blocking as well as deleterious effects on vector mosquito populations. however, the effectiveness of this strategy could be influenced by environmental temperatures that decrease wolbachia density, thereby reducing the ability of wolbachia to invade and persist in the population ...201931002720
incrimination of aedes aegypti for dengue virus serotype-1 in assam, northeast india. 201930997897
larvicidal activity of ricinus communis extract against mosquitoes.vector control strategies play significant role in reducing the transmission of malaria, dengue and other vector-borne diseases. the control of vector population using synthetic insecticides has resulted in development of insecticide resistance and negative effects on humans and environment. the present investigation evaluated the larvicidal potential of methanol, dichloromethane and hexane extracts of leaves and seeds of ricinus communis (castor) plant against the early iv instar larvae of the ...201930997888
tunicates as a biocontrol tool for larvicides acute toxicity of zika virus vector aedes aegypti.in this present study, we conducted untargeted metabolic profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) analysis of ascidian didemnum bistratum to assess the chemical constituents by searching in nist library with promising biological properties against anti-bacterial and zika virus vector mosquitocidal properties. metabolites, steroids and fatty acids are abundant in crude compounds of ascidian d. bistratum and showed potential zone growth inhibition against bacterial strains kluy ...201930997309
geographic shifts in aedes aegypti habitat suitability in ecuador using larval surveillance data and ecological niche modeling: implications of climate change for public health vector control.arboviral disease transmission by aedes mosquitoes poses a major challenge to public health systems in ecuador, where constraints on health services and resource allocation call for spatially informed management decisions. employing a unique dataset of larval occurrence records provided by the ecuadorian ministry of health, we used ecological niche models (enms) to estimate the current geographic distribution of aedes aegypti in ecuador, using mosquito presence as a proxy for risk of disease tra ...201930995228
different susceptibilities of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus larvae to plant-derived products.aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are important vectors that transmit arboviruses to human populations.201930994796
workshop for priority-setting in aedes aegypti control interventions in latin america and the caribbean: a policy dialogue.this article presents the results of a dialogue between decision-makers and experts in latin america and the caribbean on priority-setting for interventions and studies on aedes aegypti control. the article is part of a project that included a systematic review of mosquito control strategies and a qualitative study with key informants from the region. using a collective deliberative process assisted by the results of the above-mentioned projects, a list of priorities was developed by consensus f ...201930994739
larvicidal activity of ocimum campechianum, ocotea quixos and piper aduncum essential oils against aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti, the main arbovirus vector of the yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. preventive control efforts have been implemented worldwide aimed at reducing its impact on human health. the recent reduction of chemicals available for vector control due to their negative impact on the environment and human health and the increase in mosquito resistance to insecticides have driven the research communit ...201930994444
downregulation of female doublesex expression by oral-mediated rna interference reduces number and fitness of anopheles gambiae adult females.mosquito-borne diseases affect millions worldwide, with malaria alone killing over 400 thousand people per year and affecting hundreds of millions. to date, the best strategy to prevent the disease remains insecticide-based mosquito control. however, insecticide resistance as well as economic and social factors reduce the effectiveness of the current methodologies. alternative control technologies are in development, including genetic control such as the sterile insect technique (sit). the sit i ...201930992032
gone in 60 seconds: sub-lethal effects of metofluthrin vapors on behavior and fitness of resistant and field strains of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).spatial repellents can reduce fecundity and interrupt oviposition behavior in aedes aegypti. yet, it is unclear if short exposure times, resistant phenotypes, and other aspects of spatial repellents can impact these effects on mosquito reproduction. to address these issues, pyrethroid susceptible, pyrethroid resistant, and field strains of ae. aegypti were used to evaluate the extent to which fecundity and oviposition behavior are affected following metofluthrin exposure. mosquitoes were exposed ...201930989189
prevalence of kdr mutations and insecticide susceptibility among natural population of aedes aegypti in west bengal.aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti are the major vectors of arboviral diseases. as effective vaccines are not available for most of the arboviral diseases, vector control by using insecticides play the key role to reduce the disease transmission. the emergence and spread of resistance to different classes of insecticides by the vectors is a major obstacle to control the disease transmission. information about vector susceptibility to different insecticides and their mechanisms are very important ...201930986273
aedes aegypti hpx8c modulates immune responses against viral infection.mosquitoes act as vectors of numerous pathogens that cause human diseases. dengue virus (denv) transmitted by mosquito, aedes aegypti, is responsible for dengue fever epidemics worldwide with a serious impact on human health. currently, disease control mainly relies on vector targeted intervention strategies. therefore, it is imperative to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the innate immune response of mosquitoes against pathogens. in the present study, the expression profiles of im ...201930986216
target and non-target botanical pesticides effect of trichodesma indicum (linn) r. br. and their chemical derivatives against the dengue vector, aedes aegypti l.the effects of crude ethanol derived leaf extract trichodesma indicum (linn) (ex-ti) and their chief derivatives were accessed on the survival and development of the dengue mosquito ae. aegypti also their non-toxic activity against mosquito predator. t. indicum is recognized to be the vital weed plant and a promising herb in the traditional ayurvedic medicine. in this study, the gc-ms chromatogram of ex-ti showed higher peak area percentage for cis-10-heptadecenoic acid (21.83%) followed by cycl ...201930977009
hsp superfamily of genes in the malaria vector anopheles sinensis: diversity, phylogenetics and association with pyrethroid resistance.heat shock proteins (hsps) are molecular chaperones that are involved in many normal cellular processes and various kinds of environmental stress. there is still no report regarding the diversity and phylogenetics research of hsp superfamily of genes at whole genome level in insects, and the hsp gene association with pyrethroid resistance is also not well known. the present study investigated the diversity, classification, scaffold location, characteristics, and phylogenetics of the superfamily ...201930975215
neem oil increases the persistence of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae for the control of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae.the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae is a candidate for the integrated management of the disease vector mosquito aedes aegypti. metarhizium anisopliae is pathogenic and virulent against ae. aegypti larvae; however, its half-life is short without employing adjuvants. here, we investigated the use of neem oil to increase virulence and persistence of the fungus under laboratory and simulated field conditions.201930975207
a method for assessing mitochondrial physiology using mechanically permeabilized flight muscle of aedes aegypti mosquitoes.aedes aegypti is the most important and widespread vector of arboviruses, including dengue and zika. insect dispersal through the flight activity is a key parameter that determines vector competence, and is energetically driven by oxidative phosphorylation in flight muscle mitochondria. analysis of mitochondrial function is central for a better understanding of cellular metabolism, and is mostly studied using isolated organelles. however, this approach has several challenges and methods for asse ...201930974092
aedes aegypti nest1 protein enhances zika virus pathogenesis by activating neutrophils.saliva from the mosquito vector of flaviviruses is capable of changing the local immune environment, leading to an increase in flavivirus-susceptible cells at the infected bite site. in addition, an antibody response to specific salivary gland (sg) components changes the pathogenesis of flaviviruses in human populations. to investigate whether antigenic sg proteins are capable of enhancing infection with zika virus (zikv), a reemerging flavivirus primarily transmitted by the aedes aegypti mosqui ...201930971475
expanding the canon: non-classical mosquito genes at the interface of arboviral infection.mosquito transmitted viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality in human populations. despite the use of insecticides and other measures of vector control, arboviral diseases are on the rise. one potential solution for limiting disease transmission to humans is to render mosquitoes refractory to viral infection through genetic modification. substantial research effort in drosophila, aedes and anopheles has helped to define the major innate immune pathways, including toll, imd, jak/stat an ...201930970277
abiotic factors and population dynamic of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in an endemic area of dengue in brazil.aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are exotic species in the americas with high epidemiological relevance as they are vectors of many pathogens. this study aimed at understanding the population dynamics of a. aegypti and a. albopictus and the influence of abiotic factors in an endemic area of dengue. the study was conducted in the urban area of campo grande, mato grosso do sul, brazil, over one year. in seven regions of the city, 50 ovitraps were installed in each neighborhood. the development o ...201930970109
evaluation of the larvicidal potential of the essential oil pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth in the control of aedes aegypti.the objective of this work was to collect information on the chemical constituents that demonstrate the larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti, as well as the antioxidant, microbiological, and cytotoxicity potential of the essential oil of pogostemon cablin leaves. the chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (gc-ms). the larvicidal activity was performed according to the protocol of the world health organization. the antioxidant activity was ...201930965561
lack of evidence of sylvatic transmission of dengue viruses in the amazon rainforest near iquitos, peru.dengue viruses (denv) are currently responsible for more human morbidity and mortality than any other known arbovirus, and all four denv are known to exist in sylvatic cycles that might allow these viruses to persist if the urban (aedes aegypti) cycle could be controlled. to determine whether denv were being maintained in a sylvatic cycle in a forested area about 14 km southwest of iquitos, peru, a city in which all 4 serotypes of denv circulate, we placed 20 denv seronegative aotus monkeys in c ...201930964397
phylogeography and invasion history of aedes aegypti, the dengue and zika mosquito vector in cape verde islands (west africa).aedes-borne arboviruses have spread globally with outbreaks of vast impact on human populations and health systems. the west african archipelago of cape verde had its first outbreak of dengue in 2009, at the time the largest recorded in africa, and was one of the few african countries affected by the zika virus epidemic. aedes aegypti was the mosquito vector involved in both outbreaks. we performed a phylogeographic and population genetics study of a. aegypti in cape verde in order to infer the ...201931548858
panophthalmitis associated with scleral necrosis in dengue hemorrhagic fever.dengue is a mosquito-borne flavivirus disease affecting humans. the aedes aegypti mosquito spreads it. ophthalmic manifestations of dengue range from subconjunctival hemorrhage to optic neuropathy. panophthalmitis in dengue fever is a rare finding. we report a case of a 22-year-old male having dengue fever, who presented with pain, redness, swelling and loss of vision in his right eye. he was diagnosed as panophthalmitis with subretinal hemorrhage and required right eye evisceration.201931546563
development of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) mosquito larvae in high ammonia sewage in septic tanks causes alterations in ammonia excretion, ammonia transporter expression, and osmoregulation.larvae of the disease vector mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.) readily develop in ammonia rich sewage in the british virgin islands. to understand how the larvae survive in ammonia levels that are lethal to most animals, an examination of ammonia excretory physiology in larvae collected from septic-water and freshwater was carried out. a. aegypti larvae were found to be remarkably plastic in dealing with high external ammonia through the modulation of nh4+ excretion at the anal papillae, measured usi ...201931836747
the difference of sve-cadherin levels between dengue hemorrhagic fever patients with shock and without shock.dengue virus infection is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by the aedes aegypti mosquito. dengue virus (den-v) consists of 4 serotypes, namely den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4. the most feared result of dhf is death. death in children is caused by hypovolemic shock due to plasma leakage from intravascular to extravascular space due to endothelial dysfunction.201931592274
a peridomestic aedes malayensis population in singapore can transmit yellow fever virus.the case-fatality rate of yellow fever virus (yfv) is one of the highest among arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). although historically, the asia-pacific region has remained free of yfv, the risk of introduction has never been higher due to the increasing influx of people from endemic regions and the recent outbreaks in africa and south america. singapore is a global hub for trade and tourism and therefore at high risk for yfv introduction. effective control of the main domestic mosquito vec ...201931589616
linking nutrient stoichiometry to zika virus transmission in a mosquito.food quality and quantity serve as the basis for cycling of key chemical elements in trophic interactions; yet the role of nutrient stoichiometry in shaping host-pathogen interactions is under appreciated. most of the emergent mosquito-borne viruses affecting human health are transmitted by mosquitoes that inhabit container systems during their immature stages, where allochthonous input of detritus serves as the basal nutrients. quantity and type of detritus (animal and plant) were manipulated i ...201931227906
lichen parmelia sulcata mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles: an eco-friendly tool against anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti.the gold nanoparticles (aunps) were synthesized using the lichen parmelia sulcata extract (pse) and characterized. the peaks of ultraviolet spectrophotometer and fourier transmission infrared confirmed the formation of nanoparticles and the bioactive compounds of the lichen being responsible for reducing and capping of the particles. the face-centered cubic particles were determined by xrd peaks at 111, 200, 220, and 311. the elemental composition and spherical shape of aunps were confirmed by e ...201931218582
how do trait-mediated non-lethal effects of predation affect population-level performance of mosquitoes?non-lethal, trait-mediated effects of predation impact prey behavior and life-history traits. studying how these effects in turn influence prey demography is crucial to understand prey life-history evolution. mosquitoes are important vectors that claim several million lives every year worldwide by transmitting a range of pathogens. several ecological factors affect life-history traits of both larval and adult mosquitoes, creating effects that cascade to population-level consequences. few studies ...201931218216
community composition and year-round abundance of vector species of mosquitoes make miami-dade county, florida a receptive gateway for arbovirus entry to the united states.vector-borne diseases are a heavy burden to human-kind. global warming and urbanization have a significant impact on vector-borne disease transmission, resulting in more severe outbreaks, and outbreaks in formerly non-endemic areas. miami-dade county, florida was the most affected area in the continental united states during the 2016 zika virus outbreak. miami is an important gateway and has suitable conditions for mosquitoes year-round. therefore, it was critical to establish and validate a sur ...201931217547
development of cs-tpp-dsrna nanoparticles to enhance rnai efficiency in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.mosquito-borne diseases are a major threat to human health and are responsible for millions of deaths globally each year. vector control is one of the most important approaches used in reducing the incidence of these diseases. however, increasing mosquito resistance to chemical insecticides presents challenges to this approach. therefore, new strategies are necessary to develop the next generation vector control methods. because of the target specificity of dsrna, rnai-based control measures are ...201931217512
mosquitocidal chips containing the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen for control of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).aedes aegypti were exposed to water treated with mosquitocidal chips containing the insecticide pyriproxyfen in a polymer formulation. chips were tested under different conditions; different water volumes, in containers made of different material, and in water with different levels of organic matter. treated chips caused 100% mortality of ae. aegypti during their pupal stage independent of size or type of container, and the mount of organic matter contained in the water to which the mosquito lar ...201931216627
oviposition preferences of the mosquito aedes aegypti linnaeus, 1762 (culicidae): an urban environment bioassay.the establishment of an invasive species depends on reproductive success and dispersion capability in the new environment. one of the striking examples of invasion in urban environments is the mosquito aedes aegypti linnaeus, 1762 (culicidae). the success of this species is primarily attributed to its ability to colonize urban environments, and some of the important adaptive strategies associated with this ability is the preference for humans as a blood source and intense occupation of residenti ...201931213206
inferring who-infected-whom-where in the 2016 zika outbreak in singapore-a spatio-temporal model.singapore experienced its first known zika outbreak in 2016. given the lack of herd immunity, the suitability of the climate for pathogen transmission, and the year-round presence of the vector- aedes aegypti-zika had the potential to become endemic, like dengue. guillain-barré syndrome and microcephaly are severe complications associated elsewhere with zika and the risk of these complications makes understanding its spread imperative. we investigated the spatio-temporal spread of locally transm ...201931213175
asymptomatic dengue virus infections, cambodia, 2012-2013.we investigated dengue virus (denv) and asymptomatic denv infections in rural villages of kampong cham province, cambodia, during 2012 and 2013. we conducted perifocal investigations in and around households for 149 denv index cases identified through hospital and village surveillance. we tested participants 0.5-30 years of age by using nonstructural 1 rapid tests and confirmed denv infections using quantitative reverse transcription pcr or nonstructural 1-capture elisa. we used multivariable po ...201931211672
live calcium imaging of aedes aegypti neuronal tissues reveals differential importance of chemosensory systems for life-history-specific foraging strategies.the mosquito aedes aegypti has a wide variety of sensory pathways that have supported its success as a species as well as a highly competent vector of numerous debilitating infectious pathogens. investigations into mosquito sensory systems and their effects on behavior are valuable resources for the advancement of mosquito control strategies. numerous studies have elucidated key aspects of mosquito sensory systems, however there remains critical gaps within the field. in particular, compared to ...201931208328
geometric morphometric analysis of the effect of temperature on wing size and shape in aedes albopictus.wing geometry helps to identify mosquito species, even cryptic ones. on the other hand, temperature has a well-known effect on insect metric properties. can such effects blur the taxonomic signal embedded in the wing? two strains of aedes albopictus (laboratory and field strain) were examined under three different rearing temperatures (26, 30 and 33 °c) using landmark- and outline-based morphometric approaches. the wings of each experimental line were compared with aedes aegypti. both approaches ...201931125148
new records of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in eight texas counties, u.s.a. 201931124239
spatial repellency and other effects of transfluthrin and linalool on aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.in the present study, the effects of two spatial repellents (sr) were determined for aedes aegypti and ae albopictus, the main vectors of dengue, chikungunya, and zika fever. the modular high-throughput screening system (hitss) was used to evaluate the response of both species to transfluthrin and linalool sr at different concentrations. the highest spatial repellency results for ae. aegypti were obtained by transfluthrin to 0.001% with 37.50 ± 4.33%, and for linalool to 10% with 77.50 ± 3.90%. ...201931124222
diet drugs trick mosquitoes into feeling full.after a bloodmeal, aedesaegypti mosquitoes lose interest in bloodfeeding. duvall et al. (cell 2019;176:687-701) determined that the neuropeptide y (npy)-like receptor 7 (npylr7) controls mosquito satiety and also identified six npylr7 drug targets that suppress biting. this work highlights an innovative approach in vector control linking insect behavior to drug discovery.201931122765
excito-repellent activity of β-caryophyllene oxide against aedes aegypti and anopheles minimus.contact irritant and non-contact repellent activities of β-caryophyllene oxide were evaluated against laboratory strains of female aedes aegypti (usda strain), a major arbovirus vector and anopheles minimus (ku strain), a major malaria parasite vector, compared with the synthetic repellent deet, using an excito-repellency test system. β-caryophyllene oxide and deet were tested at concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0% (v/v). anopheles minimus was found to be more sensitive to β-caryophyllene ...201931121148
identification of molecular determinants of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) populations in california, usa.the first breeding populations of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) were identified in california in 2013, and have since been detected in 13 counties. recent studies suggest two introductions likely occurred, with genetically distinct populations in the central and southern regions of the state. given the threat of dengue, chikungunya, and zika virus transmission, it is imperative to understand if these populations harbor genes that could confer resistance to pyrethrin-based insecticides, known as pyret ...201931121042
uncertainty analysis of species distribution models.the maximum entropy model, a commonly used species distribution model (sdm) normally combines observations of the species occurrence with environmental information to predict the geographic distributions of animal or plant species. however, it only produces point estimates for the probability of species existence. to understand the uncertainty of the point estimates, we analytically derived the variance of the outputs of the maximum entropy model from the variance of the input. we applied the an ...201931120909
insecticide resistance levels and mechanisms in aedes aegypti populations in and around ouagadougou, burkina faso.recent outbreaks of dengue and other aedes aegypti-borne arboviruses highlight the importance of a rapid response for effective vector control. data on insecticide resistance and underlying mechanisms are essential for outbreak preparedness, but are sparse in much of africa. we investigated the levels and heterogeneity of insecticide resistance and mechanisms of ae. aegypti from contrasting settings within and around ouagadougou, burkina faso.201931120874
topological qsar modelling of carboxamides repellent activity to aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti vector control is of paramount importance owing to the damages induced by the various severe diseases that these insects may transmit, and the increasing risk of important outbreaks of these pathologies. search for new chemicals efficient against aedes aegypti, and devoid of side-effects, which have been associated to the currently most used active substance i. e. n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet), is therefore an important issue. in this context, we developed various quantitative str ...201931120598
entomological efficacy of aerial ultra-low volume insecticide applications against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in mexico.a cluster-randomized controlled trial quantified the entomological efficacy of aerial ultra-low volume (aulv) applications of the insecticide chlorpyrifos against aedes aegypti in puerto vallarta, méxico, during november-october 2017. the trial involved 16 large (1 × 1 km) clusters distributed between treatment-control arms. primary endpoint was the abundance of ae. aegypti indoors (total adults, females, and blood-fed females) collected using prokopack aspirators. after four consecutive weekly ...201931120502
wolbachia strain walba blocks zika virus transmission in aedes aegypti.transinfections of the maternally transmitted endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis can reduce rna virus replication and prevent transmission by aedes aegypti, and also have the capacity to invade wild-type populations, potentially reaching and maintaining high infection frequencies. levels of virus transmission blocking are positively correlated with wolbachia intracellular density. despite reaching high densities in ae. aegypti, transinfections of walba, a strain native to aedes albopictus, showed ...201931120156
larvicidal activity of hypoestes forskaolii (vahl) r. br root extracts against anopheles gambiae giless.s, aedes aegypti l, and culex quinquefasciatussay.aim: this study aimed to evaluate larvicidal activity of hypoestes forskaolii r. br root extract against 3rd instar anopheles gambiae, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus. methods: a protocol developed by the world health organization was adopted, with minor modification using chloroform and methanol extracts with concentrations ranging from 25-750 µg/ml. results: the h. forskaolii chloroform extract exhibited very high larvicidal activity after 72 hours of exposure, with lc50 2.0322, 3.89 ...201931118834
characterization of a broad-based mosquito yeast interfering rna larvicide with a conserved target site in mosquito semaphorin-1a genes.rna interference (rnai), which has facilitated functional characterization of mosquito neural development genes such as the axon guidance regulator semaphorin-1a (sema1a), could one day be applied as a new means of vector control. saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) may represent an effective interfering rna expression system that could be used directly for delivery of rna pesticides to mosquito larvae. here we describe characterization of a yeast larvicide developed through bioengineering ...201931118082
[experiences, barriers and facilitators to the implementation of interventions for controlling aedes aegypti in latin america and the caribbean: a qualitative study].this study sought to describe experiences, barriers and facilitators to the implementation of interventions for controlling aedes aegypti in latin america and the caribbean. a qualitative approach with semi-structured in-depth interviews with program implementation experts (19 participants in nine countries) was carried out. we used a software to codify the data and created matrices to compare them. based on our findings, we developed a graphic representation of the theoretical dimensions that e ...201931116251
aedes mosquito infestation in socioeconomically contrasting neighborhoods of panama city.the global expansion and proliferation of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus represents a growing public health threat due to their capacity to transmit a variety of arboviruses to humans, including dengue, chikungunya, and zika. particularly important in urban regions, where these species have evolved to breed in man-made containers and feed nearly exclusively on human hosts, the threat of vector-borne disease has risen in recent decades due to the growth of cities, progression of climate chang ...201931114946
estimating absolute indoor density of aedes aegypti using removal sampling.quantification of adult aedes aegypti abundance indoors has relied on estimates of relative density (e.g. number of adults per unit of sampling or time), most commonly using traps or timed collections using aspirators. the lack of estimates of the sensitivity of collections and lack of a numerical association between relative and the absolute density of adult ae. aegypti represent a significant gap in vector surveillance. here, we describe the use of sequential removal sampling to estimate absol ...201931113454
use of mosquito repellents to protect against zika virus infection among pregnant women in brazil.to evaluate the use of repellents among pregnant women as a protective measure against infection with the zika virus.201931112836
predicting aquatic development and mortality rates of aedes aegypti.mosquito-borne pathogens continue to be a significant burden within human populations, with aedes aegypti continuing to spread dengue, chikungunya, and zika virus throughout the world. using data from a previously conducted study, a linear regression model was constructed to predict the aquatic development rates based on the average temperature, temperature fluctuation range, and larval density. additional experiments were conducted with different parameters of average temperature and larval den ...201931112566
the ion channel ppk301 controls freshwater egg-laying in the mosquito aedes aegypti.female aedes aegypti mosquitoes are deadly vectors of arboviral pathogens and breed in containers of freshwater associated with human habitation. because high salinity is lethal to offspring, correctly evaluating water purity is a crucial parenting decision. we found that the deg/enac channel ppk301 and sensory neurons expressing ppk301 control egg-laying initiation and choice in ae. aegypti. using calcium imaging, we found that ppk301-expressing cells show ppk301-dependent responses to water bu ...201931112133
juvenile hormone signaling in insect oogenesis.juvenile hormone (jh) plays a crucial role in insect reproduction, but its molecular mode of action only became clear within the last decade. we here review recent findings revealing the intricate crosstalk between jh and ecdysone signaling with nutrient sensing pathways in drosophila melanogaster, aedes aegypti, tribolium castaneum and locusta migratoria. the finding for a critical role of ecdysis triggering hormone (eth) in both molting and ooogenesis now also highlights the importance of an i ...201931109672
transmission potential of african, asian and american zika virus strains by aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus from guadeloupe (french west indies).zika virus (zikv) is an arbovirus that has dramatically spread in south america and the caribbean regions since 2015. the majority of vector incrimination studies available for zikv showed that aedes aegypti mosquitoes are important vectors for this virus. however, several reports suggest that culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes may be implicated in zikv transmission in certain urban settings. in the present study, we evaluated the vector competence for zikv of cx. quinquefasciatus and ae. aegypti ...201931109248
pathogen blocking in wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti is not affected by zika and dengue virus co-infection.wolbachia's ability to restrict arbovirus transmission makes it a promising tool to combat mosquito-transmitted diseases. wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti are currently being released in locations such as brazil, which regularly experience concurrent outbreaks of different arboviruses. a. aegypti can become co-infected with, and transmit multiple arboviruses with one bite, which can complicate patient diagnosis and treatment.201931107912
tire shops in miami-dade county, florida are important producers of vector mosquitoes.human mobility in urban environments is a central part of urbanization and has determined the layout of how cities are projected, built and renovated. one of the most problematic issues of urbanization is how to properly dispose of used tires, considering the worldwide annual production of approximately 1.4 billion units every year. despite the efforts to properly dispose of used tires, they still represent a major problem for public health, notably serving as potential breeding sites for vector ...201931107881
characterization of a yeast interfering rna larvicide with a target site conserved in the synaptotagmin gene of multiple disease vector mosquitoes.new mosquito control strategies are vitally needed to address established and emerging arthropod-borne infectious diseases. here we describe the characterization of a yeast interfering rna larvicide that was developed through the genetic engineering of saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) to express a short hairpin rna targeting the aedes aegypti synaptotagmin (aae syt) gene. the larvicide effectively silences the aae syt gene, causes defects at the larval neural synapse, and induces high ra ...201931107878
neurological manifestations of pediatric arboviral infections in the americas.dengue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses are arboviruses transmitted by the mosquito aedes aegypti. these viruses exhibit marked neurotropism but have rarely been studied. here, we conduct an integrative review of the neurological manifestations caused by these arboviruses in the pediatric population. data on patients under 18 years of age were extracted from literature databases. the most frequently reported neurological manifestations were encephalitis, meningitis, seizures, hypotoni ...201931103802
induction of rna interference to block zika virus replication and transmission in the mosquito aedes aegypti.the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, serves as the primary vector for epidemic transmission of yellow fever, dengue, zika (zikv), and chikungunya viruses to humans. control of ae. aegypti is currently limited to insecticide applications and larval habitat management; however, to combat growing challenges with insecticide resistance, novel genetic approaches for vector population reduction or transmission interruption are being aggressively pursued. the objectives of this study were to asses ...201931103782
plant essential oils synergize various pyrethroid insecticides and antagonize malathion in aedes aegypti.pyrethroid resistance is a significant threat to agricultural, urban and public health pest control activities. because economic incentives for the production of novel active ingredients for the control of public health pests are lacking, this field is particularly affected by the potential failure of pyrethroid-based insecticides brought about by increasing pyrethroid resistance. as a result, innovative approaches are desperately needed to overcome insecticide resistance, particularly in mosqui ...201931102301
prevalence and distribution of dengue virus in aedes aegypti in yogyakarta city before deployment of wolbachia infected aedes aegypti.indonesia is one of the countries where dengue infection is prevalent. in this study we measure the prevalence and distribution of dengue virus (denv) denv-infected aedes aegypti in yogyakarta city, indonesia, during the wet season when high dengue transmission period occurred, as baseline data before implementation of a wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti trial for dengue control. we applied one-step multiplex real time pcr (rt-pcr) for the type-specific-detection of dengue viruses in field-caught ...201931100967
aedes aegypti saliva impairs m1-associated proinflammatory phenotype without promoting or affecting m2 polarization of murine macrophages.during the feeding process, the mouthparts of hematophagous mosquitoes break the skin barrier and probe the host tissue to find the blood. the saliva inoculated in this microenvironment modulates host hemostasis, inflammation and adaptive immune responses. however, the mechanisms involved in these biological activities remain poorly understood and few studies explored the potential roles of mosquito saliva on the individual cellular components of the immune system. here, we report the immunomodu ...201931097013
enzymatic and molecular characterization of insecticide resistance mechanisms in field populations of aedes aegypti from selangor, malaysia.dengue is a serious public health problem worldwide, including in selangor, malaysia. being an important vector of dengue virus, aedes aegypti are subjected to control measures which rely heavily on the usage of insecticides. evidently, insecticide resistance in ae. aegypti, which arise from several different point mutations within the voltage-gated sodium channel genes, has been documented in many countries. thus, this robust study was conducted in all nine districts of selangor to understand t ...201931097010
re-emergence of chikungunya in the republic of the congo in 2019 associated with a possible vector-host switch.in january 2019, an outbreak of chikungunya virus fever was reported in a rural region near pointe-noire, republic of the congo. molecular and phylogenetic analysis of this new chikv strain demonstrated the presence of the a226v substitution and a surprisingly close relation with aedes aegypti-associated central africa chikungunya strains. these results, combined with the preponderance of aedes albopictus in the outbreak area, suggest a recent vector-host switch facilitated by the emergence and ...201931096054
fractional-dose yellow fever vaccination: how much more can we do with less?climate change, deforestation, urbanization, and increased population mobility have made the risk of large outbreaks of yellow fever more likely than ever. yellow fever vaccine production barely meets demands. in this review, we address the causes of the recent yellow fever outbreaks, why fractional dose yellow fever vaccination works, the role of virus neutralizing antibodies in the protection against yellow fever, and the need for revaccination.201931335440
using citizen science to enhance surveillance of aedes aegypti in arizona, 2015-17.vector surveillance is an essential component of vector-borne disease prevention, but many communities lack resources to support extensive surveillance. the great arizona mosquito hunt (gamh) was a collaborative citizen science project conducted during 2015-17 to enhance surveillance for aedes aegypti in arizona. citizen science projects engage the public in scientific research in order to further scientific knowledge while improving community understanding of a specific field of science and the ...201931334498
a novel densovirus isolated from the asian tiger mosquito displays varied pathogenicity depending on its host species.mosquito-borne viral diseases (mbvds) continue to pose a significant global public health burden. mosquito control remains a core intervention strategy in integrated mosquito management (imm) programs to reduce the transmission of mbvds. mosquito densoviruses (mdvs) are mosquito-specific entomopathogenic viruses, and their attractive biological and pathogenic characteristics make mdvs potential biological control agents as alternatives to traditional chemical pesticides. however, different viral ...201931333635
'swimming mosquitoes': a key stepping stone to prevent dengue, zika and chikungunya: an educative experience in colima, mexico.dengue, zika and chikungunya arboviruses (dzc), mainly transmitted by mosquito aedes aegypti, are global health public issues affecting 390 million people each year. in most endemic countries, vector control strategies have been focused on reducing breeding sites and adult mosquito populations. most health communication strategies have pointed out adult mosquito as the main responsible of the transmission, persuading people to eliminate domestic containers. however, it is not clear how should pe ...201931329869
susceptibility and alterations by diflubenzuron in larvae of aedes aegypti.benzoylphenyl ureas inhibit chitin synthesis and interfere with the molting process in arthropods. in this study, the effect of diflubenzuron on third-instar larvae of aedes aegypti was evaluated. the susceptibility to the product was determined, and the alterations generated were shown through light and electron microscopy. lc50 and lc90 were 0.23 and 0.47 ppm, respectively. the main alterations observed were the incapacity to complete the molt, a reduction of mobility, the fragmentation of the ...201931328823
visual-olfactory integration in the human disease vector mosquito aedes aegypti.mosquitoes rely on the integration of multiple sensory cues, including olfactory, visual, and thermal stimuli, to detect, identify, and locate their hosts [1-4]. although we increasingly know more about the role of chemosensory behaviors in mediating mosquito-host interactions [1], the role of visual cues is comparatively less studied [3], and how the combination of olfactory and visual information is integrated in the mosquito brain remains unknown. in the present study, we used a tethered-flig ...201931327719
mosquito host-seeking regulation: targets for behavioral control.female aedes aegypti mosquitoes require protein from blood to develop eggs. they have evolved a strong innate drive to find and bite humans and engorge on their blood. decades of research have revealed that attraction to hosts is suppressed for days after blood-feeding. during this time, females coordinate complex physiological changes, allowing them to utilize blood protein to develop eggs: clearing excess fluid, digesting protein, and egg maturation. how do mechanosensation, nutrient consumpti ...201931326312
too "sexy" for the field? paired measures of laboratory and semi-field performance highlight variability in the apparent mating fitness of aedes aegypti transgenic strains.evaluating and improving mating success and competitive ability of laboratory-reared transgenic mosquito strains will enhance the effectiveness of proposed disease-control strategies that involve deployment of transgenic strains. two components of the mosquito rearing process, larval diet quantity and aquatic environment - which are linked to physiological and behavioural differences in adults - are both relatively easy to manipulate. in mosquitoes, as for many other arthropod species, the quali ...201931324262
hydrophobic nanoprecipitates formed by benzoylphenylureas and β-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds: synthesis, characterization and toxicity against aedes aegypti larvae.the aim of this work was to synthesize and characterize the inclusion compounds formed by the complexation of β-cyclodextrin (βcd) with insecticides from the class of benzoylphenylureas (bpus), named novaluron (nov) and diflubenzuron (dif), beyond evaluate their larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti larvae. solid state characterization by ftir showed changes in the main peaks of bpus and βcd, suggesting the formation of inclusion compounds in solid phase. dta and tga thermal analysis showed ...201931321326
mosquito vectors of arboviruses in french polynesia.the circulation of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) throughout the pacific is no exception in french polynesia (fp). we review here the mosquito vectors involved or potentially involved in the transmission of arboviruses in fp. we highlight aedes aegypti and aedes polynesiensis; species that are widely distributed in fp and whose ability to transmit dengue, zika and chikungunya viruses is well known. in addition, we discuss the contribution of those species and the abundant culex annulirost ...201931316821
evaluation of inflammatory skin infiltrate following aedes aegypti bites in sensitized and non-sensitized mice reveals saliva-dependent and immune-dependent phenotypes.during probing and blood feeding, haematophagous mosquitoes inoculate a mixture of salivary molecules into their vertebrate hosts' skin. in addition to the anti-haemostatic and immunomodulatory activities, mosquito saliva also triggers acute inflammatory reactions, especially in sensitized hosts. here, we characterize the oedema and the cellular infiltrate following aedes aegypti mosquito bites in the skin of sensitized and non-sensitized balb/c mice by flow cytometry. ae. aegypti bites induced ...201931315156
agbr1 antibodies delay lethal aedes aegypti-borne west nile virus infection in mice.west nile virus (wnv) is transmitted by mosquitoes and can cause severe disease, including meningoencephalitis. agbr1 is a mosquito salivary protein that enhances aedes aegypti mosquito-borne zika virus pathogenesis in mice. here, we show that agbr1 antibodies reduce the initial west nile viral load and delay lethal infection after feeding by an infected aedes aegypti mosquito. targeting agbr1 may therefore be incorporated into strategies to prevent mosquito-transmitted west nile virus infection ...201931312526
natural vertical transmission of zika virus in larval aedes aegypti populations, morelos, mexico.we characterized natural vertical transmission of zika virus in pools of aedes aegypti larvae hatched from eggs collected in jojutla, morelos, mexico. of the 151 pools analyzed, 17 tested positive for zika virus rna; infectious zika virus was successfully isolated from 1 of the larvae pools (31n) in c6/36 cells. real-time quantitative pcr and indirect immunofluorescence assays confirmed the identity of the isolate, named zika virus isolate 31n; plaque assays in vero cells demonstrated the isolat ...201931310224
expression of bacillus thuringiensis toxin cyt2ba in the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana increases its virulence towards aedes mosquitoes.the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana has been widely used to kill mosquito larvae and adults in the laboratory and field. however, its slow action of killing has hampered its widespread application. in our study, the b. bassiana fungus was genetically modified to express the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin cyt2ba to improve its efficacy in killing mosquitoes.201931306427
ai- modelling of molecular identification and feminization of wolbachia infected aedes aegypti.the genetic control strategies of vector borne diseases includes the replacement of a vector population by "disease-refractory" mosquitoes and the release of mosquitoes with a gene to control the vector's reproduction rates. wolbachia are common intracellular bacteria that are found in arthropods and nematodes. wolbachia infected male mosquitos have been used in different experimental trials around the world to suppress the target population of aedes aegypti and this genetic control strategy has ...201931302148
eucalyptus camaldulensis properties for use in the eradication of infections.eucalyptus camaldulensis (e. camaldulensis), called the eucalyptus has so many characteristics such as antimicrobial features. common names include red gum, red chewing gum, river chewing gum, red chewing gum. its class is eucalyptus, which is comprised of 800 species worldwide, but three or four species are found in australia. this tree generally grows on the edge of rivers with continuous or seasonal water. most of the gray clay soils run along the riverside and are exposed to frequent floods, ...201931300120
tracking genetic invasions: genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms reveal the source of pyrethroid-resistant aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) incursions at international ports.biological invasions are increasing globally in number and extent despite efforts to restrict their spread. knowledge of incursion pathways is necessary to prevent new invasions and to design effective biosecurity protocols at source and recipient locations. this study uses genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) to determine the origin of 115 incursive aedes aegypti(yellow fever mosquito) detected at international ports in australia and new zealand. we also genotyped mosquitoes at th ...201931297145
location, seasonal and functional characteristics of water-holding containers with juvenile aedes albopictus in urban southern taiwan: a cross-sectional study.urban kaohsiung city (kc), in southern taiwan, has experienced annual dengue epidemics for decades despite considerable vector control efforts. substantial research has been undertaken to characterize aedes aegypti breeding habitats, but no systematic assessment has been completed for aedes albopictus present in kc.201931294804
development of the major arboviral vector aedes aegypti in urban drain-water and associated pyrethroid insecticide resistance is a potential global health challenge.aedes aegypti were found developing in the water in open public drains (drain-water, dw) in jaffna city in northern sri lanka, a location where the arboviral diseases dengue and chikungunya are endemic.201931287014
a mosquito workshop and community intervention: a pilot education campaign to identify risk factors associated with container mosquitoes in san pedro sula, honduras.dengue poses a significant public health threat and results in ~96 million clinical cases every year. central america is a region burdened by neglected tropical diseases, including dengue. the primary vectors of dengue, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, are widely distributed in honduras. additionally, sustained and consistent mosquito control is lacking in the country. successful control of container mosquitoes relies heavily on participation from community leaders, stakeholders, and the comm ...201931284544
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