Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| preadult stage parasites and multiple timed exposure to infective larvae are involved in development of limb edema in brugia malayi-infected indian leaf monkeys (presbytis entellus). | the pathogenesis of filarial limb edema is not known. the role of parasitological variables and parasite-mediated phenomena in the development of limb edema was investigated in the presbytis entellus-brugia malayi model. infection was initiated with subcutaneous inoculation of infective third-stage larvae (l(3)), and the animals were reexposed to different doses of l(3) at the prepatent, patent, and diminishing microfilaremia (0 to 5% of peak microfilaremia count) stages of infection. a large l( ... | 2002 | 12093695 |
| first outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever, bangladesh. | during the first countrywide outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever in bangladesh, we conducted surveillance for dengue at a hospital in dhaka. of 176 patients, primarily adults, found positive for dengue, 60.2% had dengue fever, 39.2% dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 0.6% dengue shock syndrome. the dengue virus 3 serotype was detected in eight patients. | 2002 | 12095447 |
| new enamine derivatives of lapachol and biological activity. | a convenient synthesis of the new enamine derivatives 2-(4-morpholinyl)-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthalenedione, 2-(1-piperidinyl)-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphtalenedione and 2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthalenedione was carried out from natural 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthalenedione (lapachol) and morpholine, piperidine and pyrrolidine. the structures of the products were established mainly by nmr analysis, including 2d experiments. biological activiti ... | 2002 | 12098751 |
| insulin receptor expression during development and a reproductive cycle in the ovary of the mosquito aedes aegypti. | a key tyrosine kinase receptor regulates steroidogenesis during egg maturation in the mosquito aedes aegypti. this study examined expression patterns and phosphorylation states of the mosquito insulin receptor (mir) in ovaries during the previtellogenic stage and a reproductive cycle. little or no mir protein was present until 24 h after adult eclosion, when the mature mir appeared as a approximately 400-kda tetrameric protein composed of two 116-kda alpha-subunits and two 95-kda beta-subunits. ... | 2002 | 12107434 |
| isolation, characterization, and functional expression of kynurenine aminotransferase cdna from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti(1). | this study describes the molecular and biochemical characterization of kynurenine aminotransferase (kat) from aedes aegypti mosquitoes. through screening an a. aegypti larval cdna library, a 1695-bp full-length cdna clone with a 1434-bp open reading frame (orf) was isolated. its deduced amino acid sequence consists of 477 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 53,490 and the amino acid sequence shares 47 and 42% identity with kats from homo sapiens and rattus norvegicus, respecti ... | 2002 | 12110301 |
| an ecological survey of dengue vector mosquitos in central lao pdr. | an ecological survey of dengue vector mosquitos was carried out in june 2000 in central lao pdr. two areas in khammouane province, nongbok and thakhek, were selected for the survey. of the 7 mosquito species identified, aedes aegypti was dominant in both study areas. the container index for ae. aegypti in nongbok was 51.8% and was significantly higher than that of thakhek (40.2%); moreover, significant differences between the study areas were found with records to containers and to the condition ... | 2002 | 12118462 |
| characterization of three alternatively spliced isoforms of the rel/nf-kappa b transcription factor relish from the mosquito aedes aegypti. | the rel/nf-kappa b transcription factor relish performs a central role in the acute-phase response to microbial challenge by activating immune antibacterial peptides. we cloned and molecularly characterized the gene homologous to drosophila relish from the mosquito aedes aegypti. unlike drosophila relish, aedes relish has three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different proteins. first, the predominant aedes relish transcript of 3.9 kb contains both the rel-homology domains and the inh ... | 2002 | 12119421 |
| evaluation of various models of propane-powered mosquito traps. | large cage and field studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of various models of propane-powered mosquito traps. these traps utilized counterflow technology in conjunction with catalytic combustion to produce attractants (carbon dioxide, water vapor, and heat) and a thermoelectric generator that converted excess heat into electricity for stand-alone operation. the cage studies showed that large numbers of aedes aegypti and ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus were captured and that each progres ... | 2002 | 12125861 |
| does temperature affect the outcome of larval competition between aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus? | the superior larval competitive ability of aedes albopictus has been proposed to explain the recent displacement of aedes aegyptiby the former species inparts of the southeastern u.s. ae. aegypti persists, however, in sympatry with ae. albopictus in urban areas of southern louisiana, florida, and texas, and the impact of larval competition between these species has not been investigated at higher temperatures that may be characteristic of these urban environments. we compared growth and survivor ... | 2002 | 12125878 |
| the use of commercial saponin from quillaja saponaria bark as a natural larvicidal agent against aedes aegypti and culex pipiens. | the larvicidal activity of commercial bark saponin extract (sigma) from quillaja saponaria was studied on 3rd-4th instar larvae of aedes aegypti and culex pipiens (vectors for dengue fever and western nile virus, respectively). the larvae were exposed to serial concentrations (1000, 800, 500, 300, 100, 10, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 mg/l) of the extract for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 11 days. the results indicate that commercial bark saponin is toxic, causing 100% larval mortality in a. aegypti and c. pipiens after 1 ... | 2002 | 12127245 |
| gender-related family head schooling and aedes aegypti larval breeding risk in southern mexico. | to investigate if family head genre-associated education is related to the risk of domiciliary aedes aegypti larval breeding in a dengue-endemic village of southern mexico. | 2002 | 12132321 |
| dengue virus selectively induces human mast cell chemokine production. | severe dengue virus infections usually occur in individuals who have preexisting anti-dengue virus antibodies. mast cells are known to play an important role in host defense against several pathogens, but their role in viral infection has not yet been elucidated. the effects of dengue virus infection on the production of chemokines by human mast cells were examined. elevated levels of secreted rantes, mip-1alpha, and mip-1beta, but not il-8 or ena-78, were observed following infection of ku812 o ... | 2002 | 12134044 |
| control of aedes vectors of dengue in three provinces of vietnam by use of mesocyclops (copepoda) and community-based methods validated by entomologic, clinical, and serological surveillance. | we describe remarkable success in controlling dengue vectors, aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse), in 6 communes with 11,675 households and 49,647 people in the northern provinces of haiphong, hung yen, and nam dinh in vietnam. the communes were selected for high-frequency use of large outdoor concrete tanks and wells. these were found to be the source of 49.6-98.4% of ae. aegypti larvae, which were amenable to treatment with local mesocyclops, mainly m. woutersi van der velde, m. as ... | 2002 | 12135266 |
| breeding structure of aedes aegypti populations in mexico varies by region. | a population genetic analysis of aedes aegypti was conducted among 38 collections from throughout coastal regions of mexico. multiple collections were made within 5 cities to examine local patterns of gene flow. single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis was used to screen for variation in a 387-bp region of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 4 mitochondrial gene (nd4) and 25 haplotypes were detected. northeastern mexico collections were genetically differentiated ... | 2002 | 12135296 |
| comparison of penaeid shrimp and insect parvoviruses suggests that viral transfers may occur between two distantly related arthropod groups. | the dna and putative amino acid sequences of representative insect and shrimp parvoviruses (subfamily densovirinae) were analyzed using computer programs. shrimp viruses included hepatopancreatic parvovirus (hpv) of penaeus monodon (hpvmon) and p. chinensis (hpvchin), spawner-isolated mortality virus from p. monodon (smvmon) and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihhnv) from p. vannamei. insect viruses included aedes aegypti densovirus (aaednv), aedes albopictus densovirus ( ... | 2002 | 12135792 |
| high frequencies of minos transposon mobilization are obtained in insects by using in vitro synthesized mrna as a source of transposase. | one of the most frequently encountered problems in transposon-mediated transgenesis is low transformation frequency, often resulting from difficulty in expressing from injected plasmid dna constructs adequate levels of transposase in embryos. capped rna corresponding to the spliced transcript of the minos transposable element has been synthesized in vitro and shown to be an effective source of transposase protein for minos transposon mobilization. transposase produced by this mrna is shown to ca ... | 0 | 12140317 |
| linkage map organization of expressed sequence tags and sequence tagged sites in the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | a composite genetic linkage map for the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti was constructed based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp), single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) and single strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) markers. the map consists of 146 marker loci distributed across 205 cm, and includes several morphological mutant marker loci. most of the genetic markers are derived from random cdnas or ae. aegypti genes of known function. a number of markers are derived from ... | 2002 | 12144703 |
| [repellent activity against aedes aegypti (l.) of formulas based on natural vegetable extracts or synthetic active agents]. | a comparison of 5 commercial mosquito repellents was made on adult male and female volunteers in laboratory trials. the products tested in forms of cream or lotion included 4 natural oil formulations (containing citronella, clover, eucalyptus, geranium, lavender, peppermint, sandalwood, thyme, etc.) and 1 synthetic chemical repellent containing 10% kbr 3023). natural oil products showed essentially poor or no repellency against ae, aegypti: the protection times were less than or equal to 1 hour. ... | 2002 | 12162118 |
| leucokinin activates ca(2+)-dependent signal pathway in principal cells of aedes aegypti malpighian tubules. | the role of ca(2+) in mediating the diuretic effects of leucokinin-viii was studied in isolated perfused malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. peritubular leucokinin-viii (1 microm) decreased the transepithelial resistance from 11.2 to 2.6 komega. cm, lowered the transepithelial voltage from 42.8 to 2.7 mv, and increased transepithelial cl(-) diffusion potentials 5.1-fold. in principal cells of the tubules, leucokinin-viii decreased the fractional resistance of the baso ... | 2002 | 12167601 |
| [aedes albopictus (s) in the region of são josé do rio preto, sp, brazil: a study of its infestation in an area where aedes aegypti was already established and a discussion of its role as a possible vector of dengue and yellow fever]. | the objectives of this survey were to study the evolution of aedes albopictus infestation in são josé do rio preto region, sp, an area already occupied by aedes aegypti and also to discuss its role in transmitting diseases. analyzing data from urban mosquito larval density surveys of the region's municipalities, year and site of the occurrence, composition and location of larval samples, breeding containers and breteau indices were studied. by may 2001, the vector was found in 96 of 100 municipa ... | 2002 | 12170331 |
| comparative toxicity of selected larvicidal formulations against anopheles stephensi liston and aedes aegypti linn. | toxicity of selected larvicidal formulations of bacillus sphaericus, bacillus thuringiensis h-14 israelensis (bti) and insect growth regulators was determined against anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti, the two major urban mosquito vectors of malaria and dengue fever in india respectively. the study revealed that the formulations of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 and igr compounds were highly toxic against both the mosquito species but bacillus sphaericus formulation was less toxic against aedes ... | 2001 | 12170930 |
| the characterization of ion regulation in amazonian mosquito larvae: evidence of phenotypic plasticity, population-based disparity, and novel mechanisms of ion uptake. | this study is the first step in characterizing ion uptake mechanisms of mosquito larvae from the amazon region of brazil. hemolymph nacl levels and rates of unidirectional na(+) and cl(-) uptake were measured in larvae of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus in a series of environmental manipulations that are known to challenge ion regulation in other aquatic animals. despite being reared for numerous generations in dilute media (20 micromol l(-1) nacl), both species were able to maintain hi ... | 2002 | 12177826 |
| complete mitochondrial dna sequence and amino acid analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) from aedes aegypti. | the complete sequence of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene has been identified. the nucleotide sequence codes for a 512 amino acid peptide. the aecoi sequence is a + t rich (68.6%) and the codon usage is highly biased toward a preference for a- or t-ending triplets. the a. aegypti coi peptide shows high homology, up to 93% identity, with several other insect sequences and a phylogenetic analysis indicates that the a. aegypti sequence is c ... | 2002 | 12180346 |
| neuropeptide f and its expression in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | a neuropeptide f (npf) was isolated from an extract of adult aedes aegypti mosquitoes based on its immunoreactivity in a radioimmunoassay for drosophila npf. after sequencing the peptide, cdnas encoding the npf were identified from head and midgut. these cdnas encode a prepropeptide containing a 36 amino acid peptide with an amidated carboxyl terminus, and its sequence shows it to be a member of the neuropeptide f/y superfamily. immunocytochemistry and northern blots confirmed that both the brai ... | 2002 | 12182937 |
| reverse genetics in the mosquito anopheles gambiae: targeted disruption of the defensin gene. | anopheles gambiae, the major vector of human malaria parasite, is an important insect model to study vector-parasite interactions. here, we developed a simple in vivo double-stranded rna (dsrna) knockout approach to determine the function of the mosquito antimicrobial peptide gene defensin. we injected dsrna into adults and observed efficient and reproducible silencing of defensin. analysis of the knockdown phenotype revealed that this peptide is required for the mosquito antimicrobial defense a ... | 2002 | 12189180 |
| the chemical characterization of the epicuticular hydrocarbons of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the chemical characterization of the hydrocarbon fraction of the epicuticular lipids of the vector mosquito aedes aegypti (linnaeus) was performed using gas chromatography (gc) and gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry (gc-ms). seventy eight compounds were detected in purified hexane extracts and of these, 42 hydrocarbons were identified and several of the remaining compounds were partially characterized. the hydrocarbon classes present were n-alkanes, monomethylalkanes, dimethyla ... | 2002 | 12191436 |
| hepatozoon species (apicomplexa: hepatozoidae) of the corn snake, elaphe guttata (serpentes: colubridae) and the pigmy rattlesnake, sistrurus miliarius barbouri (serpentes: viperidae) in south florida. | hepatozoon guttata n. sp. is described from the corn snake (elaphe guttata guttata) from south florida. gamonts average 14.6 x 4.6 (13-17 x 3.5-6) and are not recurved, with nucleus situated in the second quarter of the gamont. erythrocyte cytoplasm rarely appears partially dehemoglobinized. the infected cells are usually distorted and are longer than the uninfected erythrocytes but do not differ in width; nuclei are smaller in length and width than those of uninfected cells. sporogony in aedes ... | 2002 | 12197130 |
| the status of haemogregarina mansoni sambon and seligmann from zamenis flagelliformis laurenti. | haemogregarina mansoni sambon and seligmann 1907, a parasite of the coachwhip snake (masticophis flagellum) is redescribed on the basis of sporogonic stages obtained in the experimental vector aedes aegypti and designated as hepatozoon mansoni from hosts collected in north florida. gamonts average 14.7 x 4.7 (13-16 x 4-6) and are not recurved, with nuclei situated in the second quarter of the gamont. erythrocyte cytoplasm is often thin, appearing partially dehemoglobinized, or contracted into a ... | 2002 | 12197131 |
| effect of anticoagulants on the susceptibility of aedes aegypti mosquitoes to dengue virus infection. | 2002 | 12197636 | |
| comparative safety and immunogenicity of two yellow fever 17d vaccines (arilvax and yf-vax) in a phase iii multicenter, double-blind clinical trial. | yellow fever (yf) is a significant health problem in south america and africa. travelers to these areas require immunization. the united states, infested with aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is at risk of introduction of this disease. there is only a single u.s. manufacturer of yf 17d vaccine, and supplies may be insufficient in an emergency. a randomized, double-blind outpatient study was conducted in 1,440 healthy individuals, half of whom received the u.s. vaccine (yf-vax) and half the vaccine manu ... | 2002 | 12201587 |
| large genetic distances among aedes aegypti populations along the south pacific coast of mexico. | a population genetic analysis was conducted among 20 aedes aegypti collections from 19 cities along the south pacific coast in the mexican states of guerrero, oaxaca, and chiapas and in coatepeque, guatemala. genetic variation was scored at 131 random amplified polymorphic dna loci. the amount of genetic differentiation among collections was approximately 3 times as great as detected among collections in an earlier study in northeastern mexico. regression analysis of linear or road distances on ... | 2002 | 12201597 |
| identification of mosquito avian-derived blood meals by polymerase chain reaction-heteroduplex analysis. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) heteroduplex assay (hda) was developed to identify avian derived mosquito blood meals to the species level. the assay used primers amplifying a fragment of the cytochrome b gene from vertebrate but not invertebrate species. in culex tarsalis fed on quail, pcr products derived from the quail cytochrome b gene were detected seven days post-engorgement. in an analysis of wild-caught mosquitoes, 85% of blood-fed mosquitoes produced detectable pcr products. heterodup ... | 0 | 12201598 |
| genetic differentiation of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti (ho chi minh city, vietnam) using microsatellite markers. | dengue haemorrhagic fever emerged in the 1950s and has become a major public health concern in most asian countries. in vietnam, little is known about the intraspecific variation of the vector and its consequences on vectorial capacity. here we report the use of microsatellite markers to differentiate aedes aegypti populations in ho chi minh city, a typical, overcrowded asian city. six microsatellite loci, with 5-14 alleles per locus, were scored in 20 mosquito samples collected in 1998 in ho ch ... | 2002 | 12207714 |
| reduced efficacy of the immune melanization response in mosquitoes infected by malaria parasites. | although the mosquito vectors of malaria have an effective immune system capable of encapsulating many foreign particles, they rarely encapsulate malaria parasites in natural populations. a possible reason for this apparent paradox is that infection by malaria reduces the capability of the mosquito to mount an effective immune response. to investigate this possibility, we blood-fed aedes aegypti mosquitoes on an uninfected chicken or on one infected with plasmodium gallinaceum, and compared the ... | 2002 | 12211612 |
| ribonucleotide reductase subunits from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti: cloning and expression. | ribonucleotide reductase catalyses the de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides. class i reductases use an iron center to generate a tyrosyl free radical that can initiate formation of the deoxyribonucleotide. these reductases are alpha 2 beta 2 holoenzymes, and the subunits are denoted as r1 and r2. r1 contains the allosteric binding site and the active site, whereas r2 contains a binuclear iron center that initiates formation of the tyrosyl radical. we have cloned and sequenced the cdnas enco ... | 2002 | 12213240 |
| toward a description of the sialome of the adult female mosquito aedes aegypti. | to describe the set of mrna and protein expressed in the salivary glands (sialome) of aedes aegypti mosquitoes, we randomly sequenced a full-length cdna library of this insect and performed edman degradation of pvdf-transferred protein bands from salivary homogenates. we found 238 cdna clusters which contained those coding for 10 of the 11 proteins found by aminoterminal degradation. all six previously described salivary proteins were found in this library. full-length sequences of 32 novel cdna ... | 2002 | 12213246 |
| venezuela launches new campaign against dengue fever. | 0 | 12219753 | |
| comparative characterization of aedes 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase/alanine glyoxylate transaminase and drosophila serine pyruvate aminotransferase. | this study describes the comparative analysis of two insect recombinant aminotransferases, aedes aegypti 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-hk) transaminase/alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase (ae-hkt/agt) and drosophila melanogaster serine pyruvate aminotransferase (dm-spat), which share 52% identity in their amino acid sequences. both enzymes showed agt activity. in addition, ae-hkt/agt is also able to catalyze the transamination of 3-hk or kynurenine with glyoxylate, pyruvate or oxaloacetate as the amino ... | 0 | 12220660 |
| dynamics of dengue virus circulation: a silent epidemic in a complex urban area. | serotypes of dengue den-1 and den-2 have been reported in much of brazil over the last 15 years, and den-3 serotype was only recently detected. this prospective study was conducted in salvador, a large city in north-east brazil, where two epidemics were previously recorded (den-1 and den-2). we obtained the seroprevalence and 1-year incidence of dengue infections in the population of 30 sampling areas of salvador and analysed the relationship between intensity of viral circulation, standard of l ... | 2002 | 12225506 |
| molecular biology of mosquito vitellogenesis: from basic studies to genetic engineering of antipathogen immunity. | elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying stage- and tissue-specific expression of genes activated by a blood meal is of great importance for current efforts directed towards utilizing molecular genetics to develop novel strategies of mosquito and pathogen control. regulatory regions of such genes can be used to express anti-pathogen effector molecules in engineered vectors in a precise temporal and spatial manner, designed to maximally affect a pathogen. the fat body is a particularly impo ... | 2002 | 12225918 |
| engineering mosquito resistance to malaria parasites: the avian malaria model. | genetic approaches to controlling the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases are being developed to augment the available chemical control practices and environmental manipulation methods. much progress has been made in laboratory-based research that seeks to develop antipathogen or antivector effector genes and methods for genetically manipulating host vector strains. research is summarized here in the development of a malaria-resistant phenotype using as a model system the avian parasite, pla ... | 2002 | 12225922 |
| developing arbovirus resistance in mosquitoes. | diseases caused by arthropod-borne viruses are increasingly significant public health problems, and novel methods are needed to control pathogen transmission. the hypothesis underlying the research described here is that genetic manipulation of aedes aegypti mosquitoes can profoundly and permanently reduce their competence to transmit dengue viruses to human hosts. recent key findings now allow us to test the genetic control hypothesis. we have identified viral genome-derived rna segments that c ... | 2002 | 12225924 |
| infectious diseases in mexico. a survey from 1995-2000. | data obtained at a central laboratory for emerging, re-emerging, and other infectious diseases in mexico from 1995-2000 are presented. an outstanding increase of den-3 circulation was identified. aedes aegypti, the dengue vector, is widely distributed. leptospirosis has become the most important differential diagnosis for dengue. identification of rabies virus variants allowed cataloging of new transmitters of rabies. rotavirus showed a clear seasonal distribution, while different proportions of ... | 2002 | 12234523 |
| flavivirus susceptibility in aedes aegypti. | aedes aegypti is the primary vector of yellow fever (yf) and dengue fever (df) flaviviruses worldwide. in this review we focus on past and present research on genetic components and environmental factors in aedes aegypti that appear to control flavivirus transmission. we review genetic relationships among ae. aegypti populations throughout the world and discuss how variation in vector competence is correlated with overall genetic differences among populations. we describe current research into h ... | 2002 | 12234528 |
| development of monoclonal antibody based antigen capture elisa to detect chikungunya virus antigen in mosquitoes. | chikungunya (chik) virus has caused numerous large outbreaks in india. no active or passive surveillance has been carried out since the last epidemic which occurred in 1971. for active surveillance, it is necessary to have a test, which can detect the virus from a large number of field-collected mosquitoes. | 2002 | 12239836 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of mosquito defensin genes. | to clone the defensin genes from the chinese main mosquito vectors and conduct sequnce analysis. | 2002 | 12297467 |
| mosquito vector control and biology in latin america--a twelfth symposium. denver, colorado, february 2002. summaries. | the 12th annual latin american symposium presented by the american mosquito control association (amca) was held as part of the 68th annual meeting in denver, co, in february 2002. the principal objective, as for the previous 11 symposia, was to promote participation in the amca by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from latin america. this publication includes summaries of 35 presentations that were given orally in spanish or presented as posters by participants ... | 2002 | 12322934 |
| genetic differentiation of aedes aegypti mainland and island populations from southern thailand. | isozymes of 5 wild-caught collections of aedes aegypti were compared by using starch gel electrophoresis. all collections were collected from surat-thanee province, southern thailand, an area considered to be a hyperendemic zone for dengue virus. one collection was from donsak harbor, whereas the other 4 collections were from 4 districts of samui island. the percent polymorphic loci (24.2-33%) in the 4 island collections was lower than in the mainland collection (36.4%). this study revealed a la ... | 2002 | 12322938 |
| chemical analysis of human skin emanations: comparison of volatiles from humans that differ in attraction of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | host odors are believed to play a major role in the location of blood meals by female mosquitoes. previous work has shown that female aedes aegypti (l.) are attracted to a residuum of skin emanations deposited on glass. the attraction of mosquitoes to handled or rubbed glass varies from person to person and from day to day. this variation indicates that mosquito behavior varies over time and that a relative difference exists in the ability of people over time to attract mosquitoes. volatiles des ... | 2002 | 12322940 |
| effectiveness and residual activity comparison of granular formulations of insect growth regulators pyriproxyfen and s-methoprene against florida mosquitoes in laboratory and outdoor conditions. | effectiveness and residual activity tests of granular formulations of 2 insect growth regulators (igrs), s-methoprene and pyriproxyfen, against laboratory-reared larvae of 5 colonized mosquitoes, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, aedes taeniorhynchus, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and culex nigripalpus, were conducted in the laboratory and outdoors in plastic tubs. culex quinquefasciatus was exposed to these two igrs in the laboratory only. each igr formulation was applied at 0.02 and 0.05 ppm activ ... | 2002 | 12322941 |
| larvicidal activity of leguminous seeds and grains against aedes aegypti and culex pipiens pallens. | larvicidal activity of methanol extracts of 26 leguminous seeds and 20 grains against early 4th-stage larvae of aedes aegypti and culex pipiens pallens was examined. at 200 ppm of the extracts from cassia obtusifolia, cassia tora, and vicia tetrasperma, more than 90% mortality was obtained in larvae of ae. aegypti and cx. pipiens pallens. extract of c. tora gave 86.7 and 100% mortality in the larvae of ae. aegypti and cx. pipiens pallens at 40 ppm but 59.2 and 78.3% mortality against larvae of a ... | 2002 | 12322944 |
| operational note indoor low-volume spray trials: handheld equipment evaluation. | four handheld aerosol-mist generators and 1 thermal fog generator were evaluated initially for their ability to deliver low flow rates (< or = 5 ml/min) of resmethrin insecticide. two generators, the london fog eliminator and clarke pl, were then selected from that group to conduct a treatment of a block of 16 residences (4 x 4 grid) vs. direct treatment of individual residences to determine the most efficacious method of treating a group of small dwellings or a village. data are presented on dr ... | 2002 | 12322948 |
| cloning and characterization of an insecticidal crystal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kenyae. | a sporulating culture of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae strain hd549 is toxic to larvae of lepidopteran insect species such as spodoptera litura, helicoverpa armigera and phthorimaea operculella, and a dipteran insect, culex fatigans. a 1.9-kb dna fragment, pcr-amplified from hd549 using cryii-gene-specific primers, was cloned and expressed in e. coli. the recombinant protein produced 92% mortality in first-instar larvae of spodoptera litura and 86% inhibition of adult emergence in phthori ... | 2002 | 12357073 |
| genetic structure of aedes aegypti populations in chiang mai (thailand) and relation with dengue transmission. | we analysed the population genetic structure and differentiation regarding vector competence for a dengue virus of 15 aedes aegypti samples collected from chiang mai in northern thailand. based on polymorphism of 10 isoenzyme loci, genetic differentiation was confirmed among samples collected in different subdistricts (high fst values and p < 0.05). based on infection rate for a dengue 2 virus, susceptibilities were similar in mosquitoes collected in san nuea subdistrict and in choeng doi subdis ... | 2002 | 12358622 |
| a putative receptor for dengue virus in mosquito tissues: localization of a 45-kda glycoprotein. | dengue virus (denv) infects target cells by attaching to various cell receptors, many of which are still unknown. in c6/36 cells (aedes albopictus cell line), denv-4 bound to two glycoproteins of 40 and 45 kda, located on the cell surface. preincubation of cells with polyclonal antibody against the 45-kda protein specifically blocked denv-4 infection of c6/36 cells. the antibody and purified denv-4 detected the 45-kda molecule in total extracts from eggs, larvae, and pupae as well as from the mi ... | 2002 | 12363068 |
| variation in vector competence for dengue 2 virus among 24 collections of aedes aegypti from mexico and the united states. | aedes aegypti from 24 collections in mexico and the united states were challenged orally with dengue 2 virus jam1409 (den-2 jam1409). the vector competence (vc) of the populations ranged from 24% to 83%. mosquito populations from the yucatan exhibited greater vc than those from other areas of mexico. the presence or absence of a midgut infection barrier (mib) and a midgut escape barrier (meb) was determined for mosquitoes in each population. the percentage of mosquitoes exhibiting an mib ranged ... | 2002 | 12363070 |
| a coup-tf/svp homolog is highly expressed during vitellogenesis in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | in the mosquito aedes aegypti, vitellogenesis is activated via an ecdysteroid hormonal cascade initiated by a blood meal. the functional ecdysone receptor is a heterodimer composed of the ecdysone receptor (ecr) and ultraspiracle, the homolog of the retinoid x receptor. the precise tuning of this hormonal response requires participation of both positive and negative transcriptional regulators. in drosophila, svp, a homolog of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (coup-tf), in ... | 2002 | 12370123 |
| conservation of long-range synteny and microsynteny between the genomes of two distantly related nematodes. | comparisons between the genomes of the closely related nematodes caenorhabditis elegans and caenorhabditis briggsae reveal high rates of rearrangement, with a bias towards within-chromosome events. to assess whether this pattern is true of nematodes in general, we have used genome sequence to compare two nematode species that last shared a common ancestor approximately 300 million years ago: the model c. elegans and the filarial parasite brugia malayi. | 2002 | 12372145 |
| infection outcome and cytokine gene expression in brugia pahangi- infected gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) sensitized with brucella abortus. | filarial infections have been associated with the development of a strongly polarized th2 host immune response and a severe impairment of mitogen-driven proliferation and type 1 cytokine production in mice and humans. the role of this polarization in the development of the broad spectra of clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis is still unknown. recently, data gathered from humans as well as from immunocompromised mouse models suggest that filariasis elicits a complex host immune respon ... | 2002 | 12379668 |
| nitric oxide limits the expansion of antigen-specific t cells in mice infected with the microfilariae of brugia pahangi. | infection of balb/c mice with the microfilariae (mf) of the filarial nematode brugia pahangi results in an antigen-specific proliferative defect that is induced by high levels of no. using carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimydl ester and cell surface labeling, it was possible to identify a population of antigen-specific t cells from mf-infected balb/c mice that expressed particularly high levels of cd4 (cd4(hi)). these cells proliferated in culture only when inducible no synthase was inhibited ... | 2002 | 12379675 |
| genome fragment of wolbachia endosymbiont transferred to x chromosome of host insect. | the adzuki bean beetle, callosobruchus chinensis, is triple-infected with distinct lineages of wolbachia endosymbiont, wbrucon, wbruori, and wbruaus, which were identified by their wsp (wolbachia surface protein) gene sequences. whereas wbrucon and wbruori caused cytoplasmic incompatibility of the host insect, wbruaus did not. although wbrucon and wbruori were easily eliminated by antibiotic treatments, wbruaus persisted over five treated generations and could not be eliminated. the inheritance ... | 2002 | 12386340 |
| suitability of containers from different sources as breeding sites of aedes aegypti (l.) in a cemetery of buenos aires city, argentina. | cemeteries are ideal urban areas to study the importance of different types of containers as breeding sites of aedes aegypti (l.). in the present study, the suitability of plastic, glass, ceramic and metal containers was evaluated in four patches within a cemetery of buenos aires city, argentina. between october 1998 and may 2000, we found 215 breeding sites of ae. aegypti out of 13,022 water-filled containers examined. in two patches containing microenvironments sheltered from the sun, the use ... | 2002 | 12386697 |
| dengue virus type 3 isolation from aedes aegypti in the municipality of nova iguaçu, state of rio de janeiro. | in a prospective field study conducted from july 2000 to june 2001, adult aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes were caught from the municipality of nova iguaçu, state of rio de janeiro, brazil. virus isolation in ae. albopictus clone c6/36 cell line and a semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detected only dengue virus type 3 in three pools of ae. aegypti, despite the co-circulation of den-1, den-2 and den-3 serotypes in that area. no viruses were detected in ae. alb ... | 2002 | 12386700 |
| laboratory evaluation of mesocyclops annulatus (wierzejski, 1892) (copepoda: cyclopidea) as a predator of container-breeding mosquitoes in argentina. | in laboratory bioassays we tested the predatory capacity of the copepod mesocyclops annulatus on aedes aegypti and culex pipiens larvae. a single adult female of m. annulatus caused 51.6% and 52.3% mortality of 50 first instar larvae of ae. aegypti and cx. pipiens respectively, in a 72 h test period. when alternative food was added to the containers, mortality rates declined to 16% and 10.3% for ae. aegypti and cx. pipiens respectively. when 50 first instar larvae of each of the two mosquito spe ... | 2002 | 12386705 |
| cloning and tissue distribution of two na+/h+ exchangers from the malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti. | a na(+)/h(+) exchanger (nhe) on the apical membrane of mosquito malpighian tubule (mt) cells is believed to participate in the blood-feeding mosquito's vital secretion of na(+) and fluid. this study presents the molecular cloning, primary structure, and tissue distribution of two cdnas encoding aedes aegypti mosquito mt nhes. the cdna sequences were obtained from mosquito mt total rna using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends (r ... | 2002 | 12386840 |
| persistence of dengue-3 virus through transovarial transmission passage in successive generations of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | progeny of aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected intrathoracically with dengue-3 virus was reared to subsequent generations. in each generation, blood-fed females were confined individually and the eggs obtained from the transovarially infected females were pooled. the seventh generation obtained from the infected parental mosquitoes showed that virus could persist in mosquitoes in successive generations through transovarial passage. the rate of vertical transmission initially increased in the few g ... | 2002 | 12389940 |
| roof gutters: a key container for aedes aegypti and ochlerotatus notoscriptus (diptera: culicidae) in australia. | the contribution of roof gutters to aedes aegypti (l.) and ochlerotatus notoscriptus (skuse) pupal populations was quantified for the first time in cairns, australia. concurrent yard and roof surveys yielded an estimated 6,934 mosquito pupae, comprising four species. roof gutters were an uncommon but productive source of ae. aegypti in both wet season (n = 11) and dry season (n = 2) surveys, producing 52.6% and 39.5% of the respective populations. first story gutters accounted for 92.3% of the p ... | 2002 | 12408662 |
| dengue and its vectors in thailand: introduction to the study and seasonal distribution of aedes larvae. | a study was conducted from 1989 to 1994 that included surveillance for dengue and its mosquito vectors in 3 villages and 2 schools in chachoengsao province, 100 km east of bangkok, thailand. the study is introduced, and results of larval surveys for aedes mosquitoes (predominantly aedes aegypti (l.)), with 94, 86, and 90% of positive containers infested by this species in the hot, wet, and cool seasons, respectively), are described. these surveys were conducted in 1990-1991 during each of the 3 ... | 2002 | 12408663 |
| growth characteristics of chimerivax-den2 vaccine virus in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes. | the chimeric yellow fever (yf) 17d-dengue type 2 (chimerivax-den2) vaccine virus developed by acambis, inc. (cambridge, ma) contains the prm and e genes of wild-type (wt) dengue 2 (den-2) (strain puo-218) virus in the yf vaccine virus (strain 17d) backbone. the potential of chimerivax-den2 virus to infect and be transmitted by aedes aegypti, the principal den and yf virus mosquito vector, and aedes albopictus, a species that occurs in areas of active transmission of yf and den viruses, was evalu ... | 2002 | 12408664 |
| differential partitioning of maternal fatty acid and phospholipid in neonate mosquito larvae. | in animals, lipids are a source of energy, cell membrane components, signaling pathway modulators and emulsifying agents. in egg-laying animals, maternal yolk lipids, imported into the egg before laying, are metabolized or distributed in the developing embryo to serve these functions. studies with birds, reptiles and insects have described lipid metabolism in adults and in eggs, but no studies have addressed how lipids are distributed in developing organs in the embryo. here we show that materna ... | 2002 | 12409488 |
| a single point mutation in ecdysone receptor leads to increased ligand specificity: implications for gene switch applications. | the ecdysone receptor (ecr), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, plays an important role in regulating development and reproduction in insects. the ecr binds to ecdysteroids and regulates transcription of genes that contain ecdysone response elements. the ecr has been used to develop inducible gene switches for efficient regulation of foreign genes in applications such as gene therapy, protein production, and functional genomics. an ecr [choristoneura fumiferana ecr (cfecr)] homology m ... | 2002 | 12411578 |
| repellent activity of constituents identified in foeniculum vulgare fruit against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the repellent activity of materials derived from the methanol extract of fruits from foeniculum vulgareagainst hungry aedes aegypti females was examined using skin and patch tests and compared with that of the commercial n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) and (z)-9-octadecenoic acid. the biologically active constituents of the foeniculum fruits were characterized as (+)-fenchone and (e)-9-octadecenoic acid by spectroscopic analyses. responses varied according to compound, dose, and exposure time. in ... | 2002 | 12428949 |
| presence of chitinase and beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase in the aedes aegypti. a chitinolytic system involving peritrophic matrix formation and degradation. | measurement of the hydrolysis of specific fluorogenic substrates by spectrophotometry as well as the substrate activity-sds-page gel analysis of the chitinolytic activity in aedes aegypti guts showed that both chitinase and beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase are present and physiologically active. both enzymes were present even in guts from unfed insects, but the activities increased rapidly after feeding on blood or an artificial protein-free diet. chitinase activity was predominantly of the 'endo'-t ... | 2002 | 12429124 |
| use of subtracted libraries and macroarray to isolate developmentally specific genes from the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | subtracted cdna libraries were screened with cdna macroarrays to isolate larval and pupal stage-specific genes from aedes aegypti. of 103 partial cdnas sequenced from the 4th instar subtracted cdna library, 62 have counterpart genes in other organisms while 41 of them have no significant similarity to any known genes. sequences of 116 partial cdna clones from the pupal subtracted library revealed that 57 belong to unknown genes and 59 have homologous genes in other organisms. results of cdna mac ... | 2002 | 12429127 |
| frequency, diversity, and productivity study on the aedes aegypti most preferred containers in the city of manaus, amazonas, brazil. | the most preferred containers by aedes aegypti were studied april and july (rainy and dry periods) in two manaus neighbourhoods. in all, 2,700 premises and 13,912 containers were examined, most (87%) recorded outdoors. out of the 13,100 inspected premises, only 1.6% showed to be positive for aedes aegypti, summing up to 7,916 collected samples. most frequently found containers outdoors in either neighbourhood regardless of rain or dry period were bottles flasks and storage, and indoors, fixed, f ... | 2002 | 12436162 |
| rna silencing of dengue virus type 2 replication in transformed c6/36 mosquito cells transcribing an inverted-repeat rna derived from the virus genome. | double-stranded rna (dsrna) initiates cellular posttranscriptional responses that are collectively called rna silencing in a number of different organisms, including plants, nematodes, and fruit flies. in plants, rna silencing has been associated with protection from virus infection. in this study, we demonstrate that dsrna-mediated interference also can act as a viral defense mechanism in mosquito cells. c6/36 (aedes albopictus) cells were stably transformed with a plasmid designed to transcrib ... | 2002 | 12438618 |
| 100 years of the pan american health organization. | 0 | 12453801 | |
| the salivary purine nucleosidase of the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | a cdna clone originating from adult female aedes aegypti mosquitoes was found with substantial similarity to nucleosidases of the ec 3.2.2.1 enzyme class. although this type of enzyme is unusual in animals, abundant enzyme activity was found in salivary homogenates of this mosquito, but not in salivary homogenates of the mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and culex quinquefasciatus, or the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis. aedes salivary homogenate hydrolyses inosine and guanosine to hypoxanthine and xa ... | 2003 | 12459196 |
| identification and mapping of the promoter for the gene encoding the ferritin heavy-chain homologue of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of numerous human diseases. the recent development of transgenic mosquitoes provides a new tool to examine molecular interactions between insect vectors and the pathogens they transmit. one focus in generating transgenic mosquito lies on expressing anti-pathogenic proteins at primary sites of pathogenic invasions, specifically the mosquito gut. promoters that direct the expression of anti-pathogenic proteins in the mosquito gut are thus sought afte ... | 2003 | 12459200 |
| novel cost-effective method of screening soils for the presence of mosquito-pathogenic bacilli. | the aim was to simplify the cumbersome conventional process of isolating virulent bacilli, which involves isolating all bacilli strains from a source followed by screening for strains that are effective for bio-control of mosquito vectors. | 2002 | 12460424 |
| [main breeding-containers for aedes aegypti and associated culicids, argentina]. | breeding containers for aedes (stegomyia) aegypti were identified in two cities of chaco province (northeast argentina): presidencia roque saenz peña and machagai. all water-retaining recipients found in house backyards capable to retain water were classified according to their type and size, counted and checked. aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus were the most frequently collected species, being also found cx. maxi, cx. saltanensis and ochlerotatus scapularis. tires and car batteries repr ... | 2002 | 12471389 |
| laboratory vector competence experiments with yellow fever virus and five south african mosquito species including aedes aegypti. | three domestic and peridomestic mosquito species, selected because their prevalence, distribution and ecology favoured them as potential urban vectors of yellow fever (yf) in south africa, were submitted to numerous tests for infectivity [measured as dose needed to infect 50% of the mosquitoes (mid50)], mainly with a kenyan strain (bc7914) of the virus. use of a nigerian virus strain (tvp1617) did not significantly alter infectivity. after artificial infective blood meals with titres of 7.0-8.0 ... | 2002 | 12474475 |
| characterization and cdna cloning of an immune-induced lysozyme from cultured aedes albopictus mosquito cells. | protein chemistry and cdna sequencing were used to identify an aedes albopictus mosquito lysozyme secreted after treatment of cultured cells with heat-killed bacteria. on acid gels, the putative lysozyme activity ran just ahead of the cecropin band. elution of this activity yielded a single band on sds gels, with a mass of approximately 14 kda. mass spectral analysis of the silver-stained band uncovered five tryptic peptides with masses that matched peptides from an aedes aegypti lysozyme, which ... | 2003 | 12477497 |
| the dependence of electrical transport pathways in malpighian tubules on atp. | the relationship between the intracellular atp concentration [atp](i) and the electrical properties of principal cells was investigated in malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. under control conditions, [atp](i) was 0.91 mmol l(-1), the input resistance of the principal cell (r(pc)) was 334.1 k omega, and the basolateral membrane was marked by a large k(+)-conductance and a membrane voltage (v(bl)) of -75.8 mv. peritubular cyanide (cn, 0.3 mmol l(-1)) reduced [atp](i) t ... | 2003 | 12477894 |
| [cytopathological effect of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis endotoxins on the intestines of aedes aegypti mosquito larvae]. | the dynamics of pathological changes in the intestine of aedes aegypti larvae under the influence of toxins cry11a and cry4b produced by bacillus thuringiensis israelensis was studied by means of electron microscope. most significant ultrastructure changes in the intestine of the second instar larvae were observed in the midgut. the cytoplasm of cells disintegrated, and elongated lacunae appeared. the number of microvilli decreased, or they disappeared in the result of destruction. the peritroph ... | 2002 | 12481602 |
| geographic genetic variation in populations of the dengue virus vector aedes aegypti. | isoenzyme variation was assessed in 79 mosquito samples of aedes aegypti, and susceptibility to a dengue 2 virus strain was evaluated in 83 samples. analysis of fst values, differentiation indexes, and geographic distances separating populations revealed that genetic differences between populations depended on the species' history of migration and colonization. three major clusters were identified: (1). the sylvan form, ae. ae. formosus, from west africa and some islands in the indian ocean; (2) ... | 2002 | 12486524 |
| evaluation of the residual effect of temephos on aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae) larvae in artificial containers in manaus, amazonas state, brazil. | trial tests and container observations were conducted in households to verify the residual effect of temephos in manaus, amazonas state, brazil. three plastic buckets, three tin cans, and three tires filled with water from an artesian well and larvicide were used in the experiment, with twenty-five third-instar larvae, which remained exposed for 24h, followed by mortality readings. the same types of containers were selected from common households. collection and counts followed by chemical treat ... | 2002 | 12488878 |
| cross-resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides induced by selection with temephos in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from cuba. | a sample of aedes aegypti (l.) from santiago de cuba, cuba, with a high level of temephos resistance (19.58x at the 50% lethal concentration [lc50]), was subjected to temephos selection to evaluate the utility of this organophosphate insecticide for mosquito control. high resistance developed after six generations of selection (200.00x). little or no cross-resistance was observed to the organophosphates, malathion and fenitrothion, but high cross-resistance was observed for the pyrethroid deltam ... | 2002 | 12495187 |
| identification and molecular characterization of a chitinase from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | a cdna encoding tick chitinase was cloned from a cdna library of mrna from haemaphysalis longicornis eggs and designated as cht1 cdna. the cht1 cdna contains an open reading frame of 2790 bp that codes for 930 amino acid residues with a coding capacity of 104 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence shows a 31% amino acid homology to aedes aegypti chitinase and a multidomain structure containing one chitin binding peritrophin a domain and two glycosyl hydrolase family 18 chitin binding domains. the ... | 2003 | 12502707 |
| molecular characterization of a hamster viscerotropic strain of yellow fever virus. | a hamster viscerotropic strain of yellow fever (yf) virus has been derived after serial passage of strain asibi through hamsters. the parental asibi/hamster p0 virus causes a mild and transient viremia in hamsters with no outward, clinical signs of illness. in contrast, the viscerotropic asibi/hamster p7 virus causes a robust viremia, severe illness, and death in subadult hamsters. the genome of the hamster viscerotropic asibi/hamster p7 virus has been sequenced and compared with the parental no ... | 2003 | 12502861 |
| a live, attenuated dengue virus type 1 vaccine candidate with a 30-nucleotide deletion in the 3' untranslated region is highly attenuated and immunogenic in monkeys. | the delta30 deletion mutation, which was originally created in dengue virus type 4 (den4) by the removal of nucleotides 172 to 143 from the 3' untranslated region (3' utr), was introduced into a homologous region of wild-type (wt) dengue virus type 1 (den1). the resulting virus, rden1delta30, was attenuated in rhesus monkeys to a level similar to that of the rden4delta30 vaccine candidate. rden1delta30 was more attenuated in rhesus monkeys than the previously described vaccine candidate, rden1mu ... | 2003 | 12502885 |
| completion of the sequence of the nuclear ribosomal dna subunit of simulium sanctipauli, with descriptions of the 18s, 28s genes and the igs. | we describe the igs-ets, 18s and 28s ribosomal gene sequences of simulium sanctipauli vajime & dunbar, a member of the s. damnosum theobald (diptera: simuliidae) complex of blackflies (diptera: simuliidae). these regions, together with the its-1, its-2 and 5.8s rdna presented elsewhere (accession number u36206), constitute the composite sequence of the entire rdna unit, making s. sanctipauli the second dipteran species of medical importance for which the entire rdna has been sequenced. despite t ... | 2002 | 12510891 |
| isoenzyme variation in aedes aegypti correlated with dirofilaria immitis infectability. | from the vero beach strain of the mosquito aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae), substrains were selected for susceptibility (ss) and refractoriness (rr) to the dog heartworm dirofilaria immitis (leidy) (filarioidea: onchocercidae). these two lines and their reciprocal f1 hybrids were analysed for genetic variation at 14 enzyme loci, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. six of the enzyme loci showed variation (sample size 48 alleles/locus/line). three of these were monomorphi ... | 2002 | 12510895 |
| isoenzyme differentiation of aedes aegypti populations in french guiana. | population genetics of peri-domestic aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), vector of dengue and yellow fever, were investigated by gel electrophoresis of 10 enzyme loci in 14 samples of mosquito larvae collected in 1997-1998 from localities separated by distances of 3-275 km in french guiana. genetic differentiation between geographical populations was generally high (mean fst = +0.111, p < 10(-5)) even among seven sites <30 km apart (fst = +0.137, p < 0.05), but not positively correlated with dis ... | 2002 | 12510901 |
| host-specific cues cause differential attractiveness of kenyan men to the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | many studies have suggested that variability in the attractiveness of humans to host-seeking mosquitoes is caused by differences in the make-up of body emanations, and olfactory signals in particular. most investigations have either been laboratory-based, utilising odour obtained from sections of the body, or have been done in the field with sampling methods that do not discriminate between visual, physical and chemical cues of the host. accordingly, evidence for differential attractiveness base ... | 2002 | 12513703 |
| [an etiological and serological study on dengue epidemic in guangdong province]. | in 1978-1995, dengue fever epidemics(serotype 1-4) occurred in guangdong province. among 9 species of mosquitoes found in the epidemic areas, the positive rate of virus isolation in aedes albopictus was 20.69%, in aedes aegypti 18.95%, in culex quinquefasciatus 10.29%, dengue viruses were not isolated in other 6 species of mosquitoes. the positive rate of virus isolation in the three species showed no significant differences (chi 2 = 2.77 p > 0.05). aedes aegypti was the main transmitting vector ... | 1998 | 12515199 |
| cloning and characterization of a cytolytic and mosquito larvicidal delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis. | the cytolytic delta-endotoxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis was amplified from genomic dna by pcr by using primers designed from the sequence of cyt2aa1 gene of b. thuringiensis subsp. kyushuensis. dna sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame translating to a 259-amino acid sequence. the cloned gene was designated cyt2aa2. this gene was highly expressed in escherichia coli as inclusion bodies that could be solubilized in 50 m m na(2)co(3), ph 10.5. activation of ... | 2003 | 12520362 |
| [susceptibility to the infection of anopheles nuneztovari gabaldón and aedes aegypti l with romanomermis iyengari welch (rhabditida: mermitidae)]. | a laboratory-based study was performed in order to assess the infestation capacity of the mosquito parasite nematode romanomermis iyengari welch, on anopheles nuneztovari gabaldón and aedes aegypti l. for each mosquito species, nine hundred (900) i to iii instars larvae were taken. these larvae were infested with pre-parasitic larvae of r. iyengari in proportions of 5:1 and 10:1. the infestation averages obtained were 3.9 and 6.7 for anopheles nuneztovari, and 1.9 and 4.7 for aedes aegypti respe ... | 2002 | 12520998 |
| cyclicity of mosquito vitellogenic ecdysteroid-mediated signaling is modulated by alternative dimerization of the rxr homologue ultraspiracle. | in anautogenous mosquitoes, egg maturation requires a blood meal. as a consequence, mosquitoes are vectors of numerous devastating human diseases. blood feeding triggers a 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) hormonal cascade, which activates yolk protein precursor (ypp) genes in the female fat body, an insect metabolic tissue. an important adaptation for anautogeny is the previtellogenic arrest preventing activation of ypp genes. equally essential is termination of their expression, so that another arrest ... | 2003 | 12522263 |
| [detection of dengue virus genome rna in some kinds of animals caught from dengue fever endemic areas in hainan island with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction]. | detection of dengue virus genome rna in brain of bats caught from dengue fever endemic areas in hainan island were carried out with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(rt-pcr). positive result was demonstrated in 20 of 35 bats tested, with a positive rate of 57.14%; rt-pcr was applied for the detection of dengue virus genome rna in sera of bats caught from the endemic areas in hainan island, 3(16.66%) of 18 sera were positive. dengue virus genome rna in female aedes aegypti captured ... | 1998 | 12526321 |