Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| invasion in vitro of mosquito midgut cells by the malaria parasite proceeds by a conserved mechanism and results in death of the invaded midgut cells. | using an in vitro culture system, we observed the migration of malaria ookinetes on the surface of the mosquito midgut and invasion of the midgut epithelium. ookinetes display constrictions during migration to the midgut surface and a gliding motion once on the luminal midgut surface. invasion of a midgut cell always occurs at its lateral apical surface. invasion is rapid and is often followed by invasion of a neighboring midgut cell by the ookinete. the morphology of the invaded cells changes d ... | 2000 | 11027351 |
| enzymatic analysis of uricotelic protein catabolism in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | excess protein ingested by blood meals of mosquitoes is catabolized by a uricotelic pathway. we have established enzyme activity profiles for xanthine dehydrogenase (xdh), the enzyme that catalyzes uric acid synthesis, and related it to intestinal proteolytic activities in female aedes aegypti mosquitoes.during the first day after eclosion the meconium containing urate and urea of larval/pupal origin is discharged, together with xdh activity. females of constant body size and of defined age were ... | 2001 | 11033169 |
| no contributes to proliferative suppression in a murine model of filariasis. | infection of balb/c mice with microfilariae (mf) of brugia pahangi leads to the suppression of antigen (ag)-specific proliferative responses in the spleen. the proliferative defect is dependent on inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) activity, since inhibition of inos with either l-n-monomethyl arginine (l-nmma) or aminoguanidine reversed defective proliferation. splenocytes from mf-infected animals produce high levels of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) upon in vitro restimulation with ag, and ex ... | 2000 | 11035712 |
| chorion peroxidase-mediated nadh/o(2) oxidoreduction cooperated by chorion malate dehydrogenase-catalyzed nadh production: a feasible pathway leading to h(2)o(2) formation during chorion hardening in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | a specific chorion peroxidase is present in aedes aegypti and this enzyme is responsible for catalyzing chorion protein cross-linking through dityrosine formation during chorion hardening. peroxidase-mediated dityrosine cross-linking requires h(2)o(2), and this study discusses the possible involvement of the chorion peroxidase in h(2)o(2) formation by mediating nadh/o(2) oxidoreduction during chorion hardening in a. aegypti eggs. our data show that mosquito chorion peroxidase is able to catalyze ... | 0 | 11042391 |
| characterization of a leucokinin binding protein in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) malpighian tubule. | the insect myokinin (leucokinin-like) neuropeptide family includes peptides that have different physiological effects such as the induction of hindgut myotropic activity and stimulation of urine production. the c-terminal pentamer of myokinins phe-x-(ser/pro/ala)-trp-gly-amide [x=phe, his, asn, ser or tyr], had been previously determined as the minimum fragment able to elicit a functional response. the receptor(s) for these insect neuropeptides has not yet been identified. in order to characteri ... | 2000 | 11044661 |
| lipophorin as a yolk protein precursor in the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | we examined expression of the lipophorin (lp) gene, lipophorin (lp) synthesis and secretion in the mosquito fat body, as well as dynamic changes in levels of this lipoprotein in the hemolymph and ovaries, during the first vitellogenic cycle of females of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. lipophorin was purified by potassium bromide (kbr) density gradient ultracentrifugation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). polyclonal antibodies were produced again ... | 2000 | 11044662 |
| cloning and characterization of a chitin synthase cdna from the mosquito aedes aegypti. | characterization of the enzymes involved in the chitin biosynthetic pathway in mosquitoes is critical due to the importance of chitin in the formation of the peritrophic matrix [pm] and its potential impact on vector competence. chitin is the homopolymer of the amino sugar n-acetyl-d glucosamine [glcnac]. the final step of incorporation of glcnac into the chitin polymer is catalyzed by the enzyme chitin synthase [cs]. cs is a membrane bound enzyme, but the mechanism of its action in the biosynth ... | 2000 | 11044667 |
| atmospheric control of aedes aegypti populations in buenos aires (argentina) and its variability. | the mosquito aedes aegypti is the main urban vector responsible for the transmission of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. the city of buenos aires, argentina, is located at the southern end of the world distribution of the species. the population abundance of ae. aegypti is mainly regulated by environmental factors. we calculated the potential number of times that a female could lay eggs during its mean life expectancy, based on potential egg production and daily meteorological records. ... | 2000 | 11049004 |
| silent spread of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever to coimbatore and erode districts in tamil nadu, india, 1998: need for effective surveillance to monitor and control the disease. | dengue fever (df) or dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) has not previously been reported in coimbatore and erode districts in tamil nadu in india. in 1998, 20 hospitalized cases of fever tested positive for dengue virus igm and/or igg antibodies. all of them had dengue-compatible illness, and at least four had dhf. two of them died. sixteen cases were below 10 years of age. the cases were scattered in 15 distantly located villages and 5 urban localities that had a high aedes aegypti population. alt ... | 2000 | 11057977 |
| rapid detection of west nile virus from human clinical specimens, field-collected mosquitoes, and avian samples by a taqman reverse transcriptase-pcr assay. | the authors report on the development and application of a rapid taqman assay for the detection of west nile (wn) virus in a variety of human clinical specimens and field-collected specimens. oligonucleotide primers and fam- and tamra-labeled wn virus-specific probes were designed by using the nucleotide sequence of the new york 1999 wn virus isolate. the taqman assay was compared to a traditional reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr assay and to virus isolation in vero cells with a large number ( app ... | 2000 | 11060069 |
| evaluation of six immunoassays for detection of dengue virus-specific immunoglobulin m and g antibodies. | the performance of six commercially available immunoassay systems for the detection of dengue virus-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg antibodies in serum was evaluated. these included two igm and igg enzyme immunoassays (eia) from mrl laboratories and panbio, a rapid immunochromatographic test (rit) from panbio, immunofluorescence assays (ifa) from progen, a dot blot assay from genelabs, and a dipstick eia from integrated diagnostics (indx). for this study a panel of 132 serum samples, inc ... | 2000 | 11063489 |
| protein catabolism in mosquitoes: ureotely and uricotely in larval and imaginal aedes aegypti. | catabolism of excess dietary protein by aedes aegypti was investigated during larval development, during and after metamorphosis. activity profiles were established for xanthine dehydrogenase (xdh, uricotelic pathway) and arginase (ureotelic pathway). both enzymes are active at all times during the life-cycle. during the aquatic larval and pupal instars, xdh and arginase activities increase with body size. maximal activities of these two enzyme systems coincide with the time of metamorphic restr ... | 2001 | 11064020 |
| molecular interactions between anopheles stephensi midgut cells and plasmodium berghei: the time bomb theory of ookinete invasion of mosquitoes. | we present a detailed analysis of the interactions between anopheles stephensi midgut epithelial cells and plasmodium berghei ookinetes during invasion of the mosquito by the parasite. in this mosquito, p. berghei ookinetes invade polarized columnar epithelial cells with microvilli, which do not express high levels of vesicular atpase. the invaded cells are damaged, protrude towards the midgut lumen and suffer other characteristic changes, including induction of nitric oxide synthase (nos) expre ... | 2000 | 11080150 |
| vector competence of culex quinquefasciatus say from different regions of brazil to dirofilaria immitis. | the vector competence of culex quinquefasciatus from five localities in brazil to dirofilaria immitis was evaluated experimentally. females from each locality were fed on an infected dog ( approximately 6 microfilariae/microl blood). a sample of blood fed mosquitoes were dissected approximately 1 h after blood meal. these results demonstrated that all had ingested microfilariae (mean, 4.8 to 24.6 microfilariae/mosquito). fifteen days after the infected blood meal, the infection and infective rat ... | 2000 | 11080759 |
| allozymic polymorphism in aedes aegypti populations from argentina. | in argentina, reinfestation with aedes aegypti was registered in 1986. at present, the mosquito is well established in 10 provinces, from buenos aires up to the country's northern frontiers. this paper presents estimates of genetic variability in ae. aegypti populations from central argentina and determinations of genetic distances among them. we analyzed allozymic frequencies at 11 loci in samples from 3 localities. the proportion of polymorphic loci varied between 27.3 and 63.6. expected mean ... | 2000 | 11081647 |
| a wind tunnel bioassay system for screening mosquito repellents. | a wind tunnel bioassay system to screen mosquito repellents is described. a wind tunnel is utilized to exploit the upwind flight response of host-seeking mosquitoes. mosquitoes within the wind tunnel are activated with human breath, fly upwind, and land on heated chick skins. this behavioral sequence results in a consistently high percentage of the test population approaching repellent or control stimuli. the bioassay system is calibrated with diethyl methylbenzamide against aedes aegypti and de ... | 2000 | 11081652 |
| a sticky entry-exit trap for sampling mosquitoes in subterranean habitats. | this paper addresses the problems of sampling adult aedes aegypti and other mosquitoes which utilize subterranean habitats such as wells and service manholes. the sticky pipe trap is a simple device with an adhesive paper insert that can be clipped to the undersides of service manholes to record the entry and exit of adult mosquitoes through the keyhole openings. this trap was 1st used successfully in townsville, charters towers, and saunders beach in north queensland, australia, in dry seasons ... | 2000 | 11081658 |
| anopheles gambiae salivary gland proteins as putative targets for blocking transmission of malaria parasites. | anopheles gambiae is the primary vector of human malaria in sub-saharan africa. invasion of anopheles salivary glands by plasmodium sporozoites is a necessary step in the transmission of malaria and is likely to be mediated by specific receptor-ligand interactions. we are interested in identifying putative an a. gambiae salivary gland receptor or receptors for sporozoite invasion as a possible target for blocking malaria transmission. by using monoclonal antibodies against female-specific a. gam ... | 2000 | 11087838 |
| aedes aegypti tmof modulates ecdysteroid production by prothoracic glands of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar. | trypsin modulating oostatic factor (tmof) is a decapeptide that inhibits the biosynthesis of trypsin-like enzymes in the midgut of several insect species and, as such, serves as a dipteran oostatic hormone. in vitro incubation of lepidopteran prothoracic glands with aedes aegypti tmof revealed that this decapeptide, in the presence of brain extract, modulates ecdysteroid production. the modulatory effect was highly dependent on both the concentration of tmof and brain extract. typically, tmof wa ... | 2000 | 11093243 |
| drug-resistant drosophila indicate glutamate-gated chloride channels are targets for the antiparasitics nodulisporic acid and ivermectin. | the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster was used to examine the mode of action of the novel insecticide and acaricide nodulisporic acid. flies resistant to nodulisporic acid were selected by stepwise increasing the dose of drug in the culture media. the resistant strain, glc(1), is at least 20-fold resistant to nodulisporic acid and 3-fold cross-resistant to the parasiticide ivermectin, and exhibited decreased brood size, decreased locomotion, and bang sensitivity. binding assays using glc(1) head ... | 0 | 11095718 |
| genetic linkage map of the edible basidiomycete pleurotus ostreatus. | we have constructed a genetic linkage map of the edible basidiomycete pleurotus ostreatus (var. florida). the map is based on the segregation of 178 random amplified polymorphic dna and 23 restriction fragment length polymorphism markers; four hydrophobin, two laccase, and two manganese peroxidase genes; both mating type loci; one isozyme locus (est1); the rrna gene sequence; and a repetitive dna sequence in a population of 80 sibling monokaryons. the map identifies 11 linkage groups correspondi ... | 0 | 11097904 |
| [finding of aedes aegypti breeding in bromeliad]. | a breeding place of aedes aegypti immature forms were found in bromeliads domesticated for decorative purposes. implications for the control measures were considered. | 2000 | 11105120 |
| aedes aegypti surveillance and correlation with the occurrence of dengue fever in bahia, brazil. | due to the high frequency of dengue fever cases and the presumed association of such an epidemic with an increase in the population of the mosquito vector, aedes aegypti, we examined the records of the ministry of health in the state of bahia, brazil, regarding the monitoring of domestic mosquito larvae in municipalities throughout the state. the "house index" number for larvae in domestic water reservoirs was determined for each municipality based on annual surveys from 1990 to 1994, and in 199 ... | 1997 | 11107237 |
| [entomological surveillance over aedes (s) aegypti and other culicids in ciudad de la habana, cuba 1991-1996]. | the results of the entomologic surveillance carried out from 1991 to 1996 in boyeros municipality, city of havana within the program for eradication of aedes aegypti were analyzed. data on mosquitoes fauna collected in the municipality by various sampling methods, larval survey, human bait, capture at rest and larval traps. culex quinquefasciatus, aedes mediovittatus and aedes aegypti species were the most found by the different methods. it was proved that water tanks, man-made deposits, other k ... | 2000 | 11107908 |
| [the ecological succession of mosquito species in the town of boyeros, ciudad de la habana 1994-1996]. | an analysis was made on the incidence of culicidae in boyeros municipality, city of havana from 1994 to 1996 based on the requirements of the national program for eradication of aedes aegypti. a total of 13 species was detected in which aedes mediovittatus predominated during 3 years of study, followed by culex quinquefasciatus whereas for the first time aedes albopictus species was found in the territory. people's councils wajay, santiago de las vegas and armada exhibited the highest values of ... | 2000 | 11107909 |
| a novel gata factor transcriptionally represses yolk protein precursor genes in the mosquito aedes aegypti via interaction with the ctbp corepressor. | in anautogenous mosquitoes, vitellogenesis, the key event in egg maturation, requires a blood meal. consequently, mosquitoes are vectors of many devastating human diseases. an important adaptation for anautogenicity is the previtellogenic arrest (the state of arrest) preventing the activation of the yolk protein precursor (ypp) genes vg and vcp prior to blood feeding. a novel gata factor (aagatar) that recognizes gata binding motifs (wgatar) in the upstream region of the ypp genes serves as a tr ... | 2001 | 11113191 |
| immunolocalization and possible effect of a moth allatotropin-like substance in a fly, phormia regina (diptera: calliphoridae). | insect allatotropin upregulates the biosynthesis of juvenile hormones by the corpus allatum. we raised two rabbit antisera against the allatotropin of manduca sexta (mas at) using a synthetic, multiple-antigenic-peptide that contains a branching heptalysine core and eight mas at molecules. both antisera recognized specifically the same neurons in the larval brain, frontal ganglion and terminal abdominal ganglion of m. sexta as previously reported by others. immunoassay showed reactivity specific ... | 2001 | 11119769 |
| leucokinin and the modulation of the shunt pathway in malpighian tubules. | transepithelial secretion in malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito (aedes aegypti) is mediated by active transport of na(+) and k(+) through principal cells and passive cl(-) transport through the shunt. permeation through the shunt was assessed by measuring transepithelial halide diffusion potentials in isolated perfused malpighian tubules, after first inhibiting active transport with dinitrophenol. diffusion potentials were small under control conditions, revealing eisenman selectivi ... | 2001 | 11119772 |
| immune activation upregulates lysozyme gene expression in aedes aegypti mosquito cell culture. | after stimulation with heat-killed bacteria, cultured cells from the mosquito aedes aegypti (aag-2 cells) secreted an induced protein with a mass of approximately 16 kda that cross-reacted with antibody to chicken egg lysozyme. to investigate whether lysozyme messenger rna is induced in bacteria-treated cells, we used polymerase chain reaction-based approaches to obtain the complete lysozyme cdna from aag-2 cells. the deduced protein contained 148 amino acids, including a 23 amino acid signal se ... | 2000 | 11122464 |
| differential regulation of ribosomal protein gene expression in aedes aegypti mosquitoes before and after the blood meal. | in fat body of the mosquito, aedes aegypti, a cycle of ribosome accumulation and degradation accompanies synthesis of the yolk protein precursor, vitellogenin. here we compare the transcription and translation of ribosomal proteins rps6, rpl8 and rpl34, relative to rrna and vitellogenin genes in aedes aegypti fat body after eclosion, and in response to a blood meal. analysis using northern blots and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions (rt-pcr) showed that the rps6, rpl8 and rpl34 ge ... | 2000 | 11122470 |
| wolbachia neither induces nor suppresses transcripts encoding antimicrobial peptides. | wolbachia are intracellular maternally inherited microorganisms that are associated with reproductive abnormalities such as cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), feminization and parthenogenesis in the various arthropod species they infect. surveys indicate that these bacteria infect more than 16% of all insect species as well as isopods, mites and nematodes, making wolbachia one of the most ubiquitous parasites yet described. however, nothing is known about the interactions of this bacterium with t ... | 2000 | 11122472 |
| the importance of subterranean mosquito habitat to arbovirus vector control strategies in north queensland, australia. | in north queensland, 14 localities were surveyed for mosquito larvae (third and fourth instar) during summer/autumn and winter from 1996 to 1999. absolute population numbers in subterranean habitats, mainly service manholes and pits (97%) but also some wells, septic tanks, storm drains, and sumps, were expressed as a proportion of total numbers in these sites plus surface sites within a 100-m radius. when correction factors were applied to subterranean samples, the 472,477 larvae mainly of aedes ... | 2000 | 11126539 |
| the occurrence and fate of the meconium and meconial peritrophic membranes in pupal and adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | in mosquitoes, in addition to larval and adult peritrophic membranes (pms), a pm (meconial peritrophic membrane or mpm1) forms in the pupa around the meconium, the sloughed, degenerating larval midgut epithelium. often, a second membrane (mpm2) forms in temporal proximity to adult emergence. differences in the occurrence, persistence, and timing of disappearance of the meconium/mpms and gas were studied by dissecting the midgut contents from pupae of known ages postpupation and from adults of kn ... | 2000 | 11126546 |
| effects of habitat type and drying on ascogregarina barretti (eugregarinida: lecudinidae) infection in aedes triseritatus (diptera: culicidae). | the intensity and prevalence of parasitism by ascogregarina barretti (vavra) in aedes triseriatus (say) did not differ between tires and tree holes in field samples taken in september 1996. there was significant variation in the intensity of parasitism among containers that was not significantly correlated with the ph, conductivity, or temperature of the container water. in an experiment manipulating habitat drying, treatments had a significant effect on a. barretti infection of ae. triseriatus, ... | 0 | 11126556 |
| epidemiological and entomological investigation in dengue outbreak area of ahmedabad district. | epidemiological and entomological investigations conducted in seven affected villages of sanand and viramgam talukas of ahmedabad district revealed that all age groups and both the genders were affected. 33.33% blood samples of patients showed seropositivity suggesting dengue infection similarly, dengue virus antigen was detected in 7 females ae. aegypti out of 2 males and 26 females tested by indirect immunofluroscent technique. aedes aegypti population measured by various parameters i.e. premi ... | 2000 | 11129561 |
| exogenous juvenile hormone and methoprene, but not male accessory gland substances or ovariectomy, affect the blood/nectar choice of female culex nigripalpus mosquitoes. | when newly emerged females of the mosquito culex nigripalpus theobald (diptera: culicidae) take a sugar meal, they develop both a propensity to seek a host and resting-stage ovarian follicles. as follicle growth is indicative of juvenile hormone (jh) activity, we searched for possible roles of jh in the behavioural shift from nectar to blood-host odour preference by cx. nigripalpus after emergence, using an olfactometer-choice assay. topically applied or injected methoprene (a jh analogue) resul ... | 2000 | 11129701 |
| susceptibility of ten species of mosquito larvae to the parasitic nematode romanomermis iyengari and its development. | ten species of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from five genera were exposed to preparasites of the tropical mermithid nematode species romanomermis iyengari (welch) (nematoda: mermithidae), a strain isolated in 1978 from pondicherry. by exposing mosquito larvae during the second instar, nematode infection was invariably lethal, the rate being highest in culex sitiens wiedemann (95%) followed by cx. quinquefasciatus say (90%), aedes aegypti (l.) (79%), anopheles subpictus grassi (64%), ae. albop ... | 2000 | 11129707 |
| plasmid transfer between bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strains in laboratory culture, river water, and dipteran larvae. | plasmid transfer between strains of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was studied under a range of environmentally relevant laboratory conditions in vitro, in river water, and in mosquito larvae. mobilization of pbc16 was detected in vitro at a range of temperatures, ph values, and available water conditions, and the maximum transfer ratio was 10(-3) transconjugant per recipient under optimal conditions. transfer of conjugative plasmid pxo16::tn5401 was also detected under this range of ... | 2001 | 11133463 |
| chloride channels in apical membrane patches of stellate cells of malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti. | stellate cells of aedes aegypti malpighian tubules were investigated using patch-clamp methods to probe the route of transepithelial cl(-) secretion. two types of cl(-) channel were identified in excised, inside-out apical membrane patches. the first cl(-) channel, type i, had a conductance of 24 ps, an open probability of 0.816+/-0.067, an open time of 867+/-114 ms (mean +/- s.e.m., four patches) and the selectivity sequence i(-)>cl(-)(much greater than) isethionate>gluconate. the i(-)/cl(-)>is ... | 2001 | 11136622 |
| [stratification of a hyperendemic city in hemorrhagic dengue]. | any effort to control dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) faces a number of challenges. among these are the great environmental heterogeneity of homes and neighborhoods in urban centers where the primary dengue vector, aedes aegypti, breeds, as well as shortages of resources and of personnel trained in mosquito control. adequate epidemiological surveillance could serve as a basis to begin to stratify urban communities and identify the areas in them where control efforts should be focused. in this stu ... | 2000 | 11141964 |
| dengue situation in brazil by year 2000. | dengue virus types 1 and 2 have been isolated in brazil by the department of virology, instituto oswaldo cruz, in 1986 and 1990 respectively, after many decades of absence. a successful continental aedes aegypti control program in the americas, has been able to eradicate the vector in most countries in the 60's, but the program could not be sustained along the years. dengue viruses were reintroduced in the american region and the infection became endemic in brazil, like in most central and south ... | 2000 | 11142711 |
| yellow fever. | with the infestation by aedes aegypti, urban yellow fever might already exist. this did not occur because of either the lacking of a sufficient contact between the diseased individual and the a. aegypti or perhaps because this, after sixty years without transmitting the virus, needs an adaptation phase to infecting again. | 2000 | 11142712 |
| the use of bacterial larvicides in mosquito and black fly control programmes in brazil. | bacillus spp. based larvicides are increasingly replacing, with numerous advantages, chemical insecticides in programmes for controlling black fly and mosquito populations. brazil was among the pioneers in adopting bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (b.t.i) to control black flies. however, the major current mosquito control programme in brazil, the programme for eradication of aedes aegypti launched in 1997, only recently decided to replace temephos by b.t.i based larvicides, in the state of rio ... | 2000 | 11142716 |
| current status of malaria and potential for control. | malaria remains one of the world's worst health problems with 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths annually; these deaths are primarily among children under 5 years of age and pregnant women in sub-saharan africa. of significance, more people are dying from malaria today than 30 years ago. this review considers the factors which have contributed to this gloomy picture, including those which relate to the vector, the female anopheline mosquito; to human activity such as creating new mosquito breeding sites, ... | 2001 | 11148010 |
| characterization of the structural gene promoter of aedes aegypti densovirus. | aedes aegypti densonucleosis virus (aednv) has two promoters that have been shown to be active by reporter gene expression analysis (b. n. afanasiev, y. v. koslov, j. o. carlson, and b. j. beaty, exp. parasitol. 79:322-339, 1994). northern blot analysis of cells infected with aednv revealed two transcripts 1,200 and 3,500 nucleotides in length that are assumed to express the structural protein (vp) gene and nonstructural protein genes, respectively. primer extension was used to map the transcrip ... | 2001 | 11152505 |
| neuroendocrine factors affecting the steady-state levels of early trypsin mrna in aedes aegypti. | transcription of the early trypsin gene occurs in the midgut after adult emergence under control of juvenile hormone (jh). we tested the hypothesis that factors that affect the steady-state levels of early trypsin mrna do so by influencing the levels of jh. we investigated the effect of ingesting different meals on early trypsin mrna levels as well as on jh levels. we also studied how early trypsin mrna levels changed when the midgut was isolated from different components of the neuroendocrine s ... | 2001 | 11166316 |
| innate immune response of aedes aegypti. | insects are able to protect themselves from invasion by pathogens by a rapid and potent arsenal of inducible immune peptides. this fast, extremely effective response is part of the innate immunity exhibited by all insects and many invertebrates, and shows striking similarities with the innate immune response of vertebrates. in aedes aegypti invasion of the hemocoel by bacteria elicits the production of defensins, cecropins, a peptide active only against gram-negative bacteria, and several other ... | 2001 | 11167091 |
| exploration of mosquito immunity using cells in culture. | the propagation of immune-responsive cells in vitro has provided the basis for substantial contributions to our understanding of many aspects of the mammalian immune response. in contrast, the potential for exploring the innate immune response of insects using cultured cells is only beginning to be developed, particularly with various mosquito cell lines from the genera aedes and anopheles. immune-reactive mosquito cell lines express various defensive factors, including transferrin, lysozyme, ce ... | 2001 | 11167096 |
| in situ analysis of ph gradients in mosquito larvae using non-invasive, self-referencing, ph-sensitive microelectrodes. | the alkaline environment, ph approximately 11, in the anterior midgut lumen of mosquito larvae is essential for normal nutrition and development. the mechanism of alkalization is, however, unknown. although evidence from immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and electrophysiology suggests that a v-atpase is present in the basal membranes of the epithelial cells, its physiological role in the alkalization process has not been demonstrated. to investigate a possible role of the v-atpase in lum ... | 2001 | 11171351 |
| eight novel families of miniature inverted repeat transposable elements in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | eight novel families of miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (mites) were discovered in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, by using new software designed to rapidly identify mite-like sequences based on their structural characteristics. divergent subfamilies have been found in two families. past mobility was demonstrated by evidence of mite insertions that resulted in the duplication of specific ta, taa, or 8-bp targets. some of these mites share the same target duplicat ... | 2001 | 11172014 |
| [infestation of s. paulo state, brazil, by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus]. | to study the influence of the distance between infested and non-infested areas in the geographical spread of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictuspopulations in the state of s. paulo. regional patterns were also studied, considering the determinants related to soil occupation. | 2000 | 11175600 |
| a search for reverse transcriptase-coding sequences reveals new non-ltr retrotransposons in the genome of drosophila melanogaster. | non-long terminal repeat (non-ltr) retrotransposons are eukaryotic mobile genetic elements that transpose by reverse transcription of an rna intermediate. we have performed a systematic search for sequences matching the characteristic reverse transcriptase domain of non-ltr retrotransposons in the sequenced regions of the drosophila melanogaster genome. | 2000 | 11178266 |
| [susceptibility of aedes aegypti larvae to parasitism by romanomermis culicivorax in laboratory and field conditions in oaxaca, mexico]. | in june 1996 in the state of oaxaca, mexico, larvae of the mosquito species aedes aegypti were exposed to infective preparasites of the nematode romanomermis culicivorax, ross and smith, in the laboratory and in the field. for the laboratory experiments larvae in instars i-iv were used; they had been collected in natural reservoirs. the laboratory experiments were carried out in triplicate, with 100 larvae of each larval stage per experiment. three preparasite application dosage ratios were test ... | 2000 | 11190968 |
| repellent activity of ferronia elephantum corr. (rutaceae) leaf extract against aedes aegypti (l.). | the repellent activity of a methanol extract of ferronia elephantum leaves against aedes aegypti was studied in the laboratory. the percentage protection in relation to the dose method was used. the repellent activity at 1.0 and 2.5 mg/cm2 concentrations gave 100% protection up to 2.14 +/- 0.16 h and 4.00 +/- 0.24 h, respectively. the total percentage protection of ferronia elephantum was 45.8% at 1.0 mg/cm2 and 59.0% at 2.5 mg/cm2 for 10 h. | 2001 | 11198185 |
| comparative development of brugia pahangi and variation in acid hydrolase enzyme titers in. | the development of the filarial nematode brugia pahangi was monitored and compared in susceptible (black eye) and refractory (rock) strains of aedes aegypti. simultaneously, the activities of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase, and n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were measured. three- to five-day-old females of both strains were fed on infected and uninfected clawed jirds (meriones unguiculatus) then dissected or homogenized at 2 h, at 24-h intervals for 5 days, and at 8 and 1 ... | 2000 | 11198915 |
| mosquito vector control and biology in latin america--a tenth symposium. abstracts. | the 10th annual latin american symposium presented by the american mosquito control association (amca) was held as part of the 66th annual meeting in atlantic city, nj, in march 2000. the principal objective, as for the previous 9 symposia, was to promote participation in the amca by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from latin america. this publication includes summaries of 57 presentations that were given orally in spanish or presented as posters by participan ... | 2000 | 11198916 |
| control of aedes aegypti breeding in desert coolers and tires by use of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis formulation. | three different formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) were evaluated for their efficacy against immature aedes aegypti in desert coolers and tires. three formulations, viz., vectobac tablets, vectobac granules, and bacticide powder, at the application rate of 0.75, 2, and 1 g per cooler, respectively, and vectobac tablets at 0.75 and 0.375 g per tire, were evaluated. in coolers and tires, 100% reduction in the abundance of late larval instars of ae. aegypti was observed f ... | 2000 | 11198918 |
| malathion resistance in aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus after its use in aedes aegypti control programs. | the continued widespread use of malathion in aedes aegypti control programs in latin america has generated insecticide resistance to this chemical in culex quinquefasciatus but not in ae. aegypti. to determine the extent of this resistance, the susceptibility of cx. quinquefasciatus and ae. aegypti from several countries to malathion was evaluated. bioassay results indicated that all ae. aegypti strains evaluated from cuba, venezuela, costa rica, and jamaica were susceptible to malathion in spit ... | 2000 | 11198919 |
| landing periodicity of aedes aegypti with implications for dengue transmission in trinidad, west indies. | the diel landing/biting periodicity of the trinidad strain of aedes aegypti (l.) was monitored using human-bait during january-august 1999. hourly light intensities were measured both indoors and outdoors at both urban and rural sites. the periodicity of females was diurnal and nocturnal, with 90% arriving during daylight and twilight and 10% during the night. the pattern of landing was trimodal, with consistent peaks at 0700 h, 1100 h and 1700 h. the diel periodicities at indoor and outdoor urb ... | 2000 | 11217215 |
| virus-expressed, recombinant single-chain antibody blocks sporozoite infection of salivary glands in plasmodium gallinaceum-infected aedes aegypti. | transgenic mosquitoes resistant to malaria parasites are being developed to test the hypothesis that they may be used to control disease transmission. we have developed an effector portion of an antiparasite gene that can be used to test malaria resistance in transgenic mosquitoes. mouse monoclonal antibodies that recognize the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium gallinaceum can block sporozoite invasion of aedes aegypti salivary glands. an anti-circumsporozoite monoclonal antibody, n2h6d5, w ... | 2000 | 11220756 |
| growth characteristics of the chimeric japanese encephalitis virus vaccine candidate, chimerivax-je (yf/je sa14--14--2), in culex tritaeniorhynchus, aedes albopictus, and aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | the japanese encephalitis (je) virus vaccine candidate, chimerivax-je, which consists of a yellow fever (yf) 17d virus backbone containing the prm and e genes from the je vaccine strain je sa14--14--2, exhibits restricted replication in non-human primates, producing only a low-level viremia following peripheral inoculation. although this reduces the likelihood that hematophagous insects could become infected by feeding on a vaccinated host, it is prudent to investigate the replication kinetics o ... | 2000 | 11220763 |
| evolutionary relationships among parvoviruses: virus-host coevolution among autonomous primate parvoviruses and links between adeno-associated and avian parvoviruses. | the current classification of parvoviruses is based on virus host range and helper virus dependence, while little data on evolutionary relationships among viruses are available. we identified and analyzed 472 sequences of parvoviruses, among which there were (virtually) full-length genomes of all 41 viruses currently recognized as individual species within the family parvoviridae. our phylogenetic analysis of full-length genomes as well as open reading frames distinguished three evolutionary gro ... | 2001 | 11222696 |
| a novel function of 20-hydroxyecdysone: translational repression of the lysosomal protease mrna in the mosquito fat body. | in the female fat body of the mosquito aedes aegypti, lysosomes play important roles during the cessation of vitellogenesis by degrading the biosynthetic machinery and aiding the remodeling of the fat body cells. a detailed study of a mosquito lysosomal aspartic protease (aalap) has shown a unique expression pattern in the vitellogenic fat body: the level of aalap mrna dramatically rises and peaks at 24 h post blood meal (pbm) correlating with the high titer of ecdysteroids; however, there is a ... | 2001 | 11222937 |
| aedes aegypti peroxidase gene characterization and developmental expression. | the functions of insect peroxidases include detoxification, stabilization of extracellular matrices, and possible involvement in insect immunity. the current study describes the isolation of a peroxidase gene, aepox, and its cdna from the mosquito, aedes aegypti. aepox codes for a protein that is homologous to various heme-peroxidases from vertebrates and invertebrates, with highest identity to drosophila melanogaster peroxidase (62%). sequence comparison identified several functionally and stru ... | 2001 | 11222958 |
| the vitellogenin gene of the mosquito aedes aegypti is a direct target of ecdysteroid receptor. | in the female mosquito aedes aegypti, vitellogenin (vg), the major ypp, is activated by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) at the transcriptional level. we used cell transfection assays in the drosophila s2 cells to investigate whether 20e acts directly on the vg gene via its functional receptor, the heterodimer composed of the ecdysteroid receptor (ecr) and the ultraspiracle (usp) proteins. we demonstrated that the vg 5'-regulatory region contains a functional ecdysteroid-responsive element (vgecre1) tha ... | 2001 | 11223179 |
| public health implications of dengue in personnel returning from east timor. | in north queensland the vector of dengue fever (aedes aegypti) is present; hence any viraemic individual importing dengue has the potential to transmit the disease locally. in early 2000 approximately 2,000 personnel returned from east timor to townsville, north queensland. seven importations of dengue occurred and individual cases were viraemic for up to 6 days in townsville. no subsequent local transmission occurred. there were 3 cases each of dengue type 2 and dengue type 3. one case could no ... | 2000 | 11225377 |
| the bacillus thuringiensis cyt genes for hemolytic endotoxins constitute a gene family. | in the same way that cry genes, coding for larvicidal delta endotoxins, constitute a large and diverse gene family, the cyt genes for hemolytic toxins seem to compose another set of highly related genes in bacillus thuringiensis. although the occurrence of cyt hemolytic factors in b. thuringiensis has been typically associated with mosquitocidal strains, we have recently shown that cyt genes are also present in strains with different pathotypes; this is the case for the morrisoni subspecies, whi ... | 2001 | 11229896 |
| integration of the aedes aegypti mosquito genetic linkage and physical maps. | two approaches were used to correlate the aedes aegypti genetic linkage map to the physical map. sts markers were developed for previously mapped rflp-based genetic markers so that large genomic clones from cosmid libraries could be found and placed to the metaphase chromosome physical maps using standard fish methods. eight cosmids were identified that contained eight rflp marker sequences, and these cosmids were located on the metaphase chromosomes. twenty-one cdnas were mapped directly to met ... | 0 | 11238414 |
| molecular cloning of two prophenoloxidase genes from the mosquito aedes aegypti. | the biosynthesis of melanotic materials is an important process in the life of a mosquito. melanin production is critical for many diverse processes such as egg chorion tanning, cuticular sclerotization, and melanotic encapsulation of metazoan parasites. prophenoloxidase plays a critical role in this biochemical cascade. two cdnas, one full length and one partial clone, and two genomic clones encoding prophenoloxidase (pro-po) were isolated from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. the full ... | 2001 | 11240641 |
| formation of lipid reserves in fat body and eggs of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | we examined the accumulation of lipids in adult females of the mosquito, aedes aegypti. females emerged with about 100 µg lipid in the fat body. with access to sugar water lipids increased over seven days to 300 µg. after a blood meal on day five, sugar-fed females accumulated 120-140 µg of lipids in their ovaries within 2 days. at the same time the lipid content of the fat body decreased by 100 µg, indicating transfer of lipids from fat body to oocytes. experiments in which fat body lipids were ... | 2001 | 11249951 |
| aedes aegypti in french guiana: susceptibility to a dengue virus. | twenty-seven samples of aedes aegypti (f1 generation) from french guiana were tested for their susceptibility to dengue serotype 2 virus. very high infection rates were observed by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test. ae. aegypti samples were pooled according to two groups: the first group (n=10) represented mosquitoes from the urbanized area of cayenne and surroundings, and the second group (n=17) corresponded to mosquitoes collected in the countryside. infection rates were found to be sim ... | 2001 | 11251898 |
| ultrastructural changes in the muscles, midgut, hemopoietic organ, imaginal discs and malpighian tubules of the mosquito aedes aegypti larvae infected by the fungus coelomomyces stegomyiae. | fungi belonging to the genus coelomomyces can infect mosquito larvae and develop within the larval hemocoel. to examine fungal development, aedes aegypti larvae infected with coelomomyces stegomyiae keilin were fixed, embedded and sectioned for both light and electron microscopy. while fungal hyphae of c. stegomyiae did not invade cells other than the cuticular epithelial cells, they did penetrate a number of tissues including muscles, midgut, hemopoietic organ, imaginal discs, and malpighian tu ... | 2001 | 11265168 |
| meconial peritrophic membranes and the fate of midgut bacteria during mosquito (diptera: culicidae) metamorphosis. | the location of midgut bacteria relative to meconial peritrophic membranes (mpms) and changes in bacterial numbers during midgut metamorphosis were studied in anopheles punctipennis (say), culex pipiens (l.), and aedes aegypti (l.) pupae and newly emerged adults. after adult emergence in aedes, anopheles, and most culex, there were few to no bacteria in the midgut. in most newly emerged adult mosquitoes, few bacteria were found in either the lumen or within the mpms/meconia. in a few culex speci ... | 2001 | 11268687 |
| movement of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) released in a small isolated village on hainan island, china. | a mark-release-recapture experiment was conducted in a small isolated village on hainan island, china, to examine the dispersal and movement of adult aedes aegypti (l.). two cohorts of mosquitoes marked with uniquely colored fluorescent dye were released at two different sites and recaptured for 6 d at every house in the village using human bait collections. the distribution pattern of houses around release site affected dispersal. the recapture rate of females released at the center of the vill ... | 2001 | 11268697 |
| an epidemic of dengue 3 in far north queensland, 1997-1999. | to describe an epidemic of dengue type 3 that occurred in far north queensland in 1997-1999 and its influence on the further development of dengue prevention and control strategies. | 2001 | 11270758 |
| two new lactones with mosquito larvicidal activity from three hortonia species. | the structures of the butenolides 1 and 2, isolated from the endemic plants hortonia floribunda, h. angustifolia, and h. ovalifolia, collected in sri lanka, have been elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. these compounds exhibited potent mosquito larvicidal activity against the second instar larvae of aedes aegypti. | 2001 | 11277762 |
| lack of cross-resistance to cry19a from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan in culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) resistant to cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes with high levels of resistance to single or multiple toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were tested for cross-resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan polypeptide cry19a. no cross-resistance was detected in mosquitoes that had been selected with the cry11a, cry4a and cry4b, or cry4a, cry4b, cry11a, and cyta toxins. a low but statistically significant level of cross-resistance, three to fourfold, was detected in the colony sel ... | 2001 | 11282656 |
| expression of mosquito active toxin genes by a colombian native strain of the gram-negative bacterium asticcacaulis excentricus. | mosquito control with biological insecticides, such as bacillus sp. toxins, has been used widely in many countries. however, rapid sedimentation away from the mosquito larvae feeding zone causes a low residual effect. in order to overcome this problem, it has been proposed to clone the bacillus toxin genes in aquatic bacteria which are able to live in the upper part of the water column. two strains of asticcacaulis excentricus were chosen to introduce the b. sphaericus binary toxin gene and b. t ... | 2001 | 11285507 |
| mosquito isolates of ross river virus from cairns, queensland, australia. | during 1996-1998 60,619 mosquitoes were collected around cairns, australia and processed for alphavirus isolation. thirty-three isolates of ross river (rr) virus were made from 9 species, aedes imprimens, aedes kochi, aedes notoscriptus, aedes vigilax, culex annulirostris, culex gelidus, mansonia septempunctata, verrallina (formerly aedes) carmenti, and verrallina lineatus. attempts to isolate rr virus from 121 aedes aegypti were unsuccessful. twenty-six (79%) of the isolates came from within 1 ... | 2000 | 11289664 |
| vector competence of north american mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) for west nile virus. | we evaluated the potential for several north american mosquito species to transmit the newly introduced west nile (wn) virus. mosquitoes collected in the new york city metropolitan area during the recent wn virus outbreak, at the assateague island wildlife refuge, va, or from established colonies were allowed to feed on chickens infected with wn virus isolated from a crow that died during the 1999 outbreak. these mosquitoes were tested approximately 2 wk later to determine infection, disseminati ... | 2001 | 11296813 |
| a simple method to identify triatomine (hemiptera: reduviidae) feces in sensing devices used in vector surveillance programs. | we successfully applied the phenolphthalin (kastle-meyer) test used in forensic chemistry to distinguish between feces from triatomines and other domestic arthropods in sensing devices used for vector surveillance. all black or dark brown, but not white or yellow, fecal smears from laboratory-reared or field-collected triatoma infestans klug, triatoma guasayana wydgozinsky & abalos, triatoma sordida ståhl (recently revalidated as triatoma garciabesi carcavallo, cichero, martínez, prosen & ronder ... | 2001 | 11296815 |
| selective oviposition by aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in response to mesocyclops longisetus (copepoda: cyclopoidea) under laboratory and field conditions. | the influence of predacious mesocyclops longisetus thiebaud on the selection of oviposition sites by prey aedes aegypti (l.) was studied under laboratory and field conditions. in both cases, gravid ae. aegypti females were significantly more attracted to ovitraps containing copepods or to ovitraps with water in which copepods were held previously than to distilled water. monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds including 3-carene, alpha-terpinene, alpha-copaene, alpha-longipinene, alpha-cedrene, ... | 2001 | 11296821 |
| localization of midgut-specific protein antigens from aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) using monoclonal antibodies. | most insect transmitted pathogens interact with the midgut of their vectors for infection and, in some cases, development. therefore, molecules associated with the midgut epithelium in direct contact with pathogens may be potential targets of infection-blocking measures. here, we identify midgut-specific protein antigens from aedes aegypti (l.) using monoclonal antibodies. sixty-four monoclonal antibodies were generated with reactivity to the mosquito midgut, five of which are reported in this a ... | 2001 | 11296827 |
| effects of plagiorchis elegans (trematoda: plagiorchiidae) infection on the carbohydrate metabolism of fourth instar aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | infection of fourth-instar aedes aegypti (l.) with the entomopathogenic digenean plagiorchis elegans (rudolphi) alters the carbohydrate metabolism of the insect. within 24 h of cercarial penetration, total body extracts of infected fourth instars exhibited decreased trehalase activity, increased trehalose-6-phosphatase activity, and a concomitant accumulation of trehalose when compared with uninfected larvae. the amounts of glucose, glycogen and lipids, and the activity of glycogen phosphorylase ... | 2001 | 11296841 |
| dengue transmission risk maps of argentina. | dengue is an emerging disease that has become important in argentina because of its vector's presence (aedes aegypti) and its endemicity in neighbouring countries. thematic maps were built for argentina considering four main factors: population susceptibility to dengue virus infection (population density); entrance of the virus from endemic countries (main roads and airports); conditions for the vector (urbanization, altitude, minimum, maximum and mean daily temperatures) and virus extrinsic inc ... | 2001 | 11299033 |
| limited potential for transmission of live dengue virus vaccine candidates by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | to evaluate the transmission risk of four live dengue (den) vaccine candidates developed by the u.s. army (den-1, 45az5 pdk 20; den-2, s16803 pdk 50; den-3, ch53489 pdk 20; and den-4, 341750 pdk 20), we tested 3,010 aedes aegypti and 1,576 aedes albopictus mosquitoes blood-fed on 21 volunteers who had been administered one of the four vaccine candidates or the licensed yellow fever (yf) vaccine (17d). we used an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) to detect den or yf viral antigen in the hea ... | 2000 | 11304057 |
| mosquito allergy: recombinant mosquito salivary antigens for new diagnostic tests. | in patients with mosquito allergy, lack of a readily available, sensitive, specific, safe test is the major obstacle to accurate diagnosis. three recombinant mosquito salivary antigens, raed a 1 (68 kd), raed a 2 (37 kd) and raed a 3 (30 kd), from aedes aegypti have been cloned, expressed, purified and characterized. all three recombinant antigens are shared by aedes vexans and other mosquito species, and all have been found to have biologic activity in humans. in recent studies, 43% of 28 mosqu ... | 2001 | 11307029 |
| glycoproteins from insect cells: sialylated or not? | our growing comprehension of the biological roles of glycan moieties has created a clear need for expression systems that can produce mammalian-type glycoproteins. in turn, this has intensified interest in understanding the protein glycosylation pathways of the heterologous hosts that are commonly used for recombinant glycoprotein expression. among these, insect cells are the most widely used and, particularly in their role as hosts for baculovirus expression vectors, provide a powerful tool for ... | 0 | 11308014 |
| anti-mosquito midgut antibodies block development of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in multiple species of anopheles mosquitoes and reduce vector fecundity and survivorship. | the mosquito midgut plays a central role in the sporogonic development of malaria parasites. we have found that polyclonal sera, produced against mosquito midguts, blocked the passage of plasmodium falciparum ookinetes across the midgut, leading to a significant reduction of infections in mosquitoes. anti-midgut mabs were produced that display broad-spectrum activity, blocking parasite development of both p. falciparum and plasmodium vivax parasites in five different species of mosquitoes. in ad ... | 2001 | 11309510 |
| a preliminary study of the population genetics of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from mexico using microsatellite and aflp markers. | dengue fever recently reemerged in the americas. because vaccines are still under development, dengue prevention depends entirely on vector control. since aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) is the principal vector of this arbovirus, knowledge of the genetic structure of the insect is therefore required to maintain effective vector control strategies and to estimate levels of gene flow from which movement can be inferred. this preliminary study uses microsatellite and amplified fragment length polymo ... | 2001 | 11311187 |
| cloning and expression of a ferritin subunit for galleria mellonella. | ferritin was purified from iron-fed galleria mellonella hemolymph by ultra centrifugation and fplc (superose 6). sds-page revealed three bands of 26, 30, and 32 kda. the ferritin 26 kda subunit cdna was obtained from rt-pcr using primer designed from n-terminal sequence analysis. 5'-race was used to obtain the complete protein coding sequence. the sequence encodes a 211 amino acid polypeptide including a 20 amino acid leader peptide. an ire (iron-responsive element) sequence with a predicted ste ... | 2001 | 11317331 |
| detection and culture of bartonella quintana, serratia marcescens, and acinetobacter spp. from decontaminated human body lice. | as part of a survey for trench fever among homeless people in marseilles, france, we attempted isolation of bartonella quintana from body lice. a decontamination protocol of immersion in 70% ethanol with 0.2% iodine was devised and was tested with a laboratory colony of body lice. lice which had been experimentally contaminated with either escherichia coli, staphylococcus epidermidis, or acinetobacter spp. were successfully decontaminated, and this process did not prevent the culture of b. quint ... | 2001 | 11325978 |
| mapping of resistance to vegetable polyphenols among aedes taxa (diptera, culicidae) on a molecular phylogeny. | to recover some evolutionary aspects of the interaction between culicine larvae and dietary polyphenols of the vegetation surrounding mosquito breeding sites, we constructed a phylogeny of the most common french aedes species, chosen as reference species. we also evaluated the differential resistance of these larval taxa to the polyphenols of leaf litter from the riparian vegetation used as a food source. mitochondrial dna sequence analysis was performed among 14 different taxa and ecotypes (aed ... | 2001 | 11341813 |
| plant biology in the future. | in the beginning of modern plant biology, plant biologists followed a simple model for their science. this model included important branches of plant biology known then. of course, plants had to be identified and classified first. thus, there was much work on taxonomy, genetics, and physiology. ecology and evolution were approached implicitly, rather than explicitly, through paleobotany, taxonomy, morphology, and historical geography. however, the burgeoning explosion of knowledge and great adva ... | 2001 | 11344291 |
| indoor thermal fogging application of pesguard fg 161, a mixture of d-tetramethrin and cyphenothrin, using portable sprayer against vector mosquitoes in the tropical environment. | indoor bioefficacy of the thermal fogging application of pesguard fg 161, a formulation containing both knockdown and killing agents (active ingredient [ai]: d-tetramethrin 4% [w/w] and cyphenothrin 12% [w/w]) was compared with resigen5 (ai: s-bioallethrin 0.8% [w/w], permethrin 125/75] 18.7% [w/w], and piperonyl butoxide 16.8% [w/w]), another pyrethroid formulation, as larvicides and adulticides against aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, anopheles sinensis, and culex quinquefasciatus using a port ... | 2001 | 11345415 |
| the energetic costs of diving in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus pupae. | undisturbed mosquito pupae rest at the water surface and respond to passing shadows or vibrations by diving. pupae do not feed and rely solely on energy stored from the larval stage. the ability of a newly emerged adult mosquito to survive, and therefore to transmit disease, depends on these energy reserves. earlier studies of diving behavior in aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, and ae. triseriatus pupae provided evidence that pupae sense their state of buoyancy and modify their diving behavior acc ... | 2001 | 11345420 |
| evaluation of liquid bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis products for control of australian aedes arbovirus vectors. | laboratory bioassay studies were conducted in southeast queensland, australia, on the efficacy of teknar, vectobac 12as, and cybate (active ingredient: 1,200 international toxic units bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis [bti]) against 3rd instars of the arbovirus vectors aedes aegypti, ae. notoscriptus, ae. vigilax, and ae. camptorhynchus. probit analyses were then used to determine ld50 (median lethal dose), ld50, and lethal dose ratios (ldr). aedes aegypti and ae. notoscriptus, both contai ... | 2001 | 11345425 |
| knockout of the rodent malaria parasite chitinase pbcht1 reduces infectivity to mosquitoes. | during mosquito transmission, malaria ookinetes must cross a chitin-containing structure known as the peritrophic matrix (pm), which surrounds the infected blood meal in the mosquito midgut. in turn, ookinetes produce multiple chitinase activities presumably aimed at disrupting this physical barrier to allow ookinete invasion of the midgut epithelium. plasmodium chitinase activities are demonstrated targets for human and avian malaria transmission blockade with the chitinase inhibitor allosamidi ... | 2001 | 11349074 |
| disruption of plasmodium falciparum chitinase markedly impairs parasite invasion of mosquito midgut. | to initiate invasion of the mosquito midgut, plasmodium ookinetes secrete chitinolytic activity to penetrate the peritrophic matrix surrounding the blood meal. while ookinetes of the avian malaria parasite plasmodium gallinaceum appear to secrete products of two chitinase genes, to date only one chitinase gene, pfcht1, has been identified in the nearly completed plasmodium falciparum strain 3d7 genome database. to test the hypothesis that the single identified chitinase of p. falciparum is neces ... | 2001 | 11349075 |
| transmission efficiency of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti to wuchereria bancrofti infection: an experimental study. | present study was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of natural (culex quinquefasciatus) and experimental (aedes aegypti) vectors for supporting the development of w. bancrofti larvae for onward transmission. both the species permitted development of w. bancrofti mf to infective larvae (l3) within 11 to 13 days. the mf intake by both the species of mosquitoes was directly related to mf density in donor's blood. culex exhibited higher l3 recovery than aedes. in aedes maximum percent l3 develo ... | 2001 | 11349538 |