Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| eco-friendly fabrication of ag nanostructures using the seed extract of pedalium murex, an ancient indian medicinal plant: histopathological effects on the zika virus vector aedes aegypti and inhibition of biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria. | the control of zika virus mosquito vectors and well as the development of drugs in the fight against biofilm-forming microbial pathogens, are timely and important challenges in current bionanoscience. here we focused on the eco-friendly fabrication of ag nanostructures using the seed extract of pedalium murex, an ancient indian medicinal plant. initial confirmation of ag nanoparticles (agnps) production was showed by a color change from transparent to dark brown. the uv-visible spectrum (476nm), ... | 2017 | 28772238 |
| spatial distribution of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in relation to geo-ecological features in south andaman, andaman and nicobar islands, india. | the study was undertaken in south andaman district, comprising three tehsils, viz. port blair, ferrargunj and little andaman tehsils, respectively. intensive pupal infestation surveys were carried out along the national highway (nh 223), the main passenger and trade route, referred to as great andaman trunk road. sampling locations at every 3 km were geo-referenced with global positioning system unit. a total of 17314 water collections were examined from 29 locations across the south andaman dis ... | 2017 | 28770695 |
| tree hole mosquito species composition and relative abundances differ between urban and adjacent forest habitats in northwestern argentina. | water-holding tree holes are main larval habitats for many pathogen vectors, especially mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). along 3 years, the diversity and composition of mosquito species in tree holes of two neighbouring but completely different environments, a city and its adjacent forest, were compared using generalized linear mixed models, permanova, simper and species association indexes. the city area (northwest argentina) is highly relevant epidemiologically due to the presence of aedes aeg ... | 2017 | 28770688 |
| age of initial cohort of dengue patients could explain the origin of disease outbreak in a setting: a case control study in rajasthan, india. | dengue fever (df) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) is a public health problem with 390 million cases reported in world annually. in rajasthan, df with dhf is being reported for about two decades. for undertaking interventions into disease transmission, locating origin of transmission is very important. present paper reports retrospective analysis of the hospital reported cases of dengue during the year 2013-2014 undertaken in barmer, rajasthan. to address task of investigating outbreak, detail ... | 2017 | 28770247 |
| an analysis of community perceptions of mosquito-borne disease control and prevention in sint eustatius, caribbean netherlands. | in the caribbean, mosquito-borne diseases are a public health threat. in sint eustatius, dengue, chikungunya and zika are now endemic. to control and prevent mosquito-borne diseases, the sint eustatius public health department relies on the community to assist with the control of aedes aegypti mosquito. unfortunately, community based interventions are not always simple, as community perceptions and responses shape actions and influence behavioural responses objective: the aim of this study was t ... | 2017 | 28766466 |
| participation of 14-3-3ε and 14-3-3ζ proteins in the phagocytosis, component of cellular immune response, in aedes mosquito cell lines. | better knowledge of the innate immune system of insects will improve our understanding of mosquitoes as potential vectors of diverse pathogens. the ubiquitously expressed 14-3-3 protein family is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals, and at least two isoforms of 14-3-3, the ε and ζ, have been identified in insects. these proteins have been shown to participate in both humoral and cellular immune responses in drosophila. as mosquitoes of the genus aedes are the primary vectors for arbov ... | 2017 | 28764795 |
| a mosquito entomoglyceroporin, aedes aegypti aqp5 participates in water transport across the malpighian tubules of larvae. | the mosquito, aedes aegypti, is the primary vector for arboviral diseases such as zika fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and yellow fever. the larvae reside in hypo-osmotic freshwater habitats, where they face dilution of their body fluids from osmotic influx of water. the malpighian tubules help maintain ionic and osmotic homeostasis by removing excess water from the hemolymph, but the transcellular pathway for this movement remains unresolved. aquaporins are transmembrane channels thought to p ... | 2017 | 28760831 |
| amino acid metabolic signaling influences aedes aegypti midgut microbiome variability. | the mosquito midgut microbiota has been shown to influence vector competence for multiple human pathogens. the microbiota is highly variable in the field, and the sources of this variability are not well understood, which limits our ability to understand or predict its effects on pathogen transmission. in this work, we report significant variation in female adult midgut bacterial load between strains of a. aegypti which vary in their susceptibility to dengue virus. composition of the midgut micr ... | 2017 | 28753661 |
| dengue subgenomic flaviviral rna disrupts immunity in mosquito salivary glands to increase virus transmission. | globally re-emerging dengue viruses are transmitted from human-to-human by aedes mosquitoes. while viral determinants of human pathogenicity have been defined, there is a lack of knowledge of how dengue viruses influence mosquito transmission. identification of viral determinants of transmission can help identify isolates with high epidemiological potential. additionally, mechanistic understanding of transmission will lead to better understanding of how dengue viruses harness evolution to cycle ... | 2017 | 28753642 |
| a cross-sectional survey of aedes aegypti immature abundance in urban and rural household containers in central colombia. | aedes aegypti, the major vector of dengue, breeds in domestic water containers. the development of immature mosquitoes in such containers is influenced by various environmental, ecological and socioeconomic factors. urban and rural disparities in water storage practices and water source supply may affect mosquito immature abundance and, potentially, dengue risk. we evaluated the effect of water and container characteristics on a. aegypti immature abundance in urban and rural areas. data were col ... | 2017 | 28750651 |
| aedes ægypti control in urban areas: a systemic approach to a complex dynamic. | the available strategy for controlling the diseases transmitted by aedes ægypti (dengue fever, zika, and chikungunya) relies on continued community participation. despite slogans emphasizing how easy it should be, no country has achieved it since the seventies. to better investigate potentially sustainable interventions, we developed a systemic model based on a multidisciplinary approach, integrating as deeply as possible specialized knowledge and field experience. the resulting model is compose ... | 2017 | 28749942 |
| larvicidal activity prediction against aedes aegypti mosquito using computational tools. | aedes aegypti is an important vector for transmission of dengue, yellow fever, chikun- gunya, arthritis, and zika fever. according to the world health organization, it is estimated that ae. aegypti causes 50 million infections and 25,000 deaths per year. use of larvicidal agents is one of the recommendations of health organizations to control mosquito populations and limit their distribution. the aim of present study was to deduce a mathematical model to predict the larvicidal action of chemical ... | 2017 | 28748838 |
| could the recent zika epidemic have been predicted? | given knowledge at the time, the recent 2015-2016 zika virus (zikv) epidemic probably could not have been predicted. without the prior knowledge of zikv being already present in south america, and given the lack of understanding of key epidemiologic processes and long-term records of zikv cases in the continent, the best related prediction could be carried out for the potential risk of a generic aedes-borne disease epidemic. here we use a recently published two-vector basic reproduction number m ... | 2017 | 28747901 |
| dengue serotype circulation in natural populations of aedes aegypti. | ae. aegypti is the main vector of dengue (denv), zika (zikv), and chikungunya (chikv) viruses. the transmission dynamics of these arboviruses, especially the arboviral circulation in the mosquito population during low and high transmission seasons in endemic areas are still poorly understood. we conducted an entomological survey to determine dengue infection rates in ae. aegypti and aedes albopictus. these collections were performed in 2012-2013 during a rio de janeiro epidemic, just before the ... | 2017 | 28743449 |
| tracking the return of aedes aegypti to brazil, the major vector of the dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses. | aedes aegypti, commonly known as "the yellow fever mosquito", is of great medical concern today primarily as the major vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses, although yellow fever remains a serious health concern in some regions. the history of ae. aegypti in brazil is of particular interest because the country was subjected to a well-documented eradication program during 1940s-1950s. after cessation of the campaign, the mosquito quickly re-established in the early 1970s with several de ... | 2017 | 28742801 |
| insecticide resistance is mediated by multiple mechanisms in recently introduced aedes aegypti from madeira island (portugal). | aedes aegypti is a major mosquito vector of arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya and zika. in 2005, ae. aegypti was identified for the first time in madeira island. despite an initial insecticide-based vector control program, the species expanded throughout the southern coast of the island, suggesting the presence of insecticide resistance. here, we characterized the insecticide resistance status and the underlying mechanisms of two populations of ae. aegypti from madeira island, funchal a ... | 2017 | 28742096 |
| wolbachia and dengue virus infection in the mosquito aedes fluviatilis (diptera: culicidae). | dengue represents a serious threat to human health, with billions of people living at risk of the disease. wolbachia pipientis is a bacterial endosymbiont common to many insect species. wolbachia transinfections in mosquito disease vectors have great value for disease control given the bacterium's ability to spread into wild mosquito populations, and to interfere with infections of pathogens, such as dengue virus. aedes fluviatilis is a mosquito with a widespread distribution in latin america, b ... | 2017 | 28732048 |
| conditions for success of engineered underdominance gene drive systems. | engineered underdominance is one of a number of different gene drive strategies that have been proposed for the genetic control of insect vectors of disease. here we model a two-locus engineered underdominance based gene drive system that is based on the concept of mutually suppressing lethals. in such a system two genetic constructs are introduced, each possessing a lethal element and a suppressor of the lethal at the other locus. specifically, we formulate and analyse a population genetics mod ... | 2017 | 28728996 |
| first record of natural vertical transmission of dengue virus in aedes aegypti from cuba. | while horizontal transmission (human-mosquito-human) of dengue viruses largely determines the epidemiology of the disease, vertical transmission (infected female mosquito- infected offspring) has been suggested as a mechanism that ensures maintenance of the virus during adverse conditions for horizontal transmission to occur. the purpose of this study was to analyze the natural infection of larval stages of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) with the dengue virus (denv) in cuba. here, we report ... | 2017 | 28720490 |
| low density lipopolyprotein inhibits flavivirus acquisition in aedes aegypti. | aedes aegypti is the primary vector of a number of human pathogens including dengue virus (denv) and zika virus (zikv). ae. aegypti acquires these viruses during the processing of bloodmeals obtained from an infected vertebrate host. vertebrate blood contains a number of factors that have the potential to modify virus acquisition in the mosquito. interestingly, low density lipopolyprotein (ldl) levels are decreased during severe denv infection. accordingly, we hypothesized that ldl is a modifiab ... | 2017 | 28718976 |
| characterization and productivity profiles of aedes aegypti (l.) breeding habitats across rural and urban landscapes in western and coastal kenya. | aedes aegypti, the principal vector for dengue and other emerging arboviruses, breeds preferentially in various man-made and natural container habitats. in the absence of vaccine, epidemiological surveillance and vector control remain the best practices for preventing dengue outbreaks. effective vector control depends on a good understanding of larval and adult vector ecology of which little is known in kenya. in the current study, we sought to characterize breeding habitats and establish contai ... | 2017 | 28701194 |
| camino verde (the green way): evidence-based community mobilisation for dengue control in nicaragua and mexico: feasibility study and study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. | since the aedes aegypti mosquitoes that transmit dengue virus can breed in clean water, who-endorsed vector control strategies place sachets of organophosphate pesticide, temephos (abate), in household water storage containers. these and other pesticide-dependent approaches have failed to curb the spread of dengue and multiple dengue virus serotypes continue to spread throughout tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. a feasibility study in managua, nicaragua, generated instruments, interven ... | 2017 | 28699570 |
| which green way: description of the intervention for mobilising against aedes aegypti under difficult security conditions in southern mexico. | community mobilisation for prevention requires engagement with and buy in from those communities. in the mexico state of guerrero, unprecedented social violence related to the narcotics trade has eroded most community structures. a recent randomised controlled trial in 90 coastal communities achieved sufficient mobilisation to reduce conventional vector density indicators, self-reported dengue illness and serologically proved dengue virus infection. | 2017 | 28699562 |
| mobilising communities for aedes aegypti control: the sepa approach. | camino verde (the green way) is an evidence-based community mobilisation tool for prevention of dengue and other mosquito-borne viral diseases. its effectiveness was demonstrated in a cluster-randomised controlled trial conducted in 2010-2013 in nicaragua and mexico. the common approach that brought functional consistency to the camino verde intervention in both mexico and nicaragua is socialisation of evidence for participatory action (sepa). in this article, we explain the sepa concept and its ... | 2017 | 28699561 |
| aedes aegypti breeding ecology in guerrero: cross-sectional study of mosquito breeding sites from the baseline for the camino verde trial in mexico. | understanding the breeding patterns of aedes aegypti in households and the factors associated with infestation are important for implementing vector control. the baseline survey of a cluster randomised controlled trial of community mobilisation for dengue prevention in mexico and nicaragua collected information about the containers that are the main breeding sites, identified possible actions to reduce breeding, and examined factors associated with household infestation. this paper describes fin ... | 2017 | 28699559 |
| beyond efficacy in water containers: temephos and household entomological indices in six studies between 2005 and 2013 in managua, nicaragua. | a cluster-randomized controlled trial of community mobilisation for dengue prevention in mexico and nicaragua reported, as a secondary finding, a higher risk of dengue virus infection in households where inspectors found temephos in water containers. data from control sites in the preceding pilot study and the nicaragua trial arm provided six time points (2005, 2006, 2007 and 2011, 2012, 2013) to examine potentially protective effects of temephos on entomological indices under every day conditio ... | 2017 | 28699558 |
| "where we put little fish in the water there are no mosquitoes:" a cross-sectional study on biological control of the aedes aegypti vector in 90 coastal-region communities of guerrero, mexico. | in the mexican state of guerrero, some households place fish in water storage containers to prevent the development of mosquito larvae. studies have shown that larvivorous fish reduce larva count in household water containers, but there is a lack of evidence about whether the use of fish is associated with a reduction in dengue virus infection. we used data from the follow up survey of the camino verde cluster randomised controlled trial of community mobilisation to reduce dengue risk to study t ... | 2017 | 28699557 |
| pupal productivity in rainy and dry seasons: findings from the impact survey of a randomised controlled trial of dengue prevention in guerrero, mexico. | the follow-up survey of a cluster-randomised controlled trial of evidence-based community mobilisation for dengue control in nicaragua and mexico included entomological information from the 2012 rainy and dry seasons. we used data from the mexican arm of the trial to assess the impact of the community action on pupal production of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in both rainy and dry seasons. | 2017 | 28699555 |
| coverage and beliefs about temephos application for control of dengue vectors and impact of a community-based prevention intervention: secondary analysis from the camino verde trial in mexico. | temephos in domestic water containers remains a mainstay of latin american government programmes for control of aedes aegypti and associated illnesses, including dengue. there is little published evidence about coverage of routine temephos programmes. a cluster randomised controlled trial of community mobilisation in mexico and nicaragua reduced vector indices, dengue infection, and clinical dengue cases. secondary analysis from the mexican arm of the trial examined temephos coverage and beliefs ... | 2017 | 28699554 |
| assessing the effects of interventions for aedes aegypti control: systematic review and meta-analysis of cluster randomised controlled trials. | the aedes aegypti mosquito is the vector for dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya, and zika viruses. inadequate vector control has contributed to persistence and increase of these diseases. this review assesses the evidence of effectiveness of different control measures in reducing aedes aegypti proliferation, using standard entomological indices. | 2017 | 28699552 |
| the camino verde intervention in nicaragua, 2004-2012. | camino verde (the green way) is an evidence-based community mobilisation tool for prevention of dengue and other mosquito-borne viral diseases. its effectiveness was demonstrated in a cluster-randomised controlled trial conducted in 2010-2013 in nicaragua and mexico. the nicaraguan arm of the trial was preceded, from 2004 to 2008, by a feasibility study that provided valuable lessons and trained facilitators for the trial itself. here, guided by the template for intervention description and repl ... | 2017 | 28699551 |
| when communities are really in control: ethical issues surrounding community mobilisation for dengue prevention in mexico and nicaragua. | we discuss two ethical issues raised by camino verde, a 2011-2012 cluster-randomised controlled trial in mexico and nicaragua, that reduced dengue risk though community mobilisation. the issues arise from the approach adopted by the intervention, one called socialisation of evidence for participatory action. community volunteer teams informed householders of evidence about dengue, its costs and the life-cycle of aedes aegypti mosquitoes, while showing them the mosquito larvae in their own water ... | 2017 | 28699548 |
| informed community mobilization for dengue prevention in households with and without a regular water supply: secondary analysis from the camino verde trial in nicaragua. | studies in different countries have identified irregular water supply as a risk factor for dengue virus transmission. in 2013, camino verde, a cluster-randomised controlled trial in managua, nicaragua, and mexico's guerrero state, demonstrated impact of evidence-based community mobilisation on recent dengue infection and entomological indexes of infestation by aedes aegypti mosquitoes. this secondary analysis of data from the trial impact survey asks: (1) what is the importance of regular water ... | 2017 | 28699544 |
| randomised controlled trials and changing public health practice. | one reason for doing randomised controlled trials (rcts) is that experiments can be convincing. early epidemiological experimenters, such as jenner and the smallpox vaccine and snow and his famous broad street pump handle, already knew the answer they were demonstrating; they used the experiments as knowledge translation devices to convince others.more sophisticated modern experiments include cluster randomised controlled trials (crcts) for experiments in the public health setting. the knowledge ... | 2017 | 28699541 |
| effect of an intervention in storm drains to prevent aedes aegypti reproduction in salvador, brazil. | aedes aegypti, the principal vector for dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses, is a synanthropic species that uses stagnant water to complete its reproductive cycle. in urban settings, rainfall water draining structures, such as storm drains, may retain water and serve as a larval development site for aedes spp. reproduction. herein, we describe the effect of a community-based intervention on preventing standing water accumulation in storm drains and their consequent infestation by adult and imma ... | 2017 | 28697811 |
| comparative genomics shows that viral integrations are abundant and express pirnas in the arboviral vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) transmitted by mosquito vectors cause many important emerging or resurging infectious diseases in humans including dengue, chikungunya and zika. understanding the co-evolutionary processes among viruses and vectors is essential for the development of novel transmission-blocking strategies. episomal viral dna fragments are produced from arboviral rna upon infection of mosquito cells and adults. additionally, sequences from insect-specific viruses and arboviru ... | 2017 | 28676109 |
| protection against mosquito vectors aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus using a novel insect repellent, ethyl anthranilate. | growing concern on the application of synthetic mosquito repellents in the recent years has instigated the identification and development of better alternatives to control different mosquito-borne diseases. in view of above, present investigation evaluates the repellent activity of ethyl anthranilate (ea), a non-toxic, fda approved volatile food additive against three known mosquito vectors namely, aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions followin ... | 2017 | 28666890 |
| wolbachia infection in aedes aegypti mosquitoes alters blood meal excretion and delays oviposition without affecting trypsin activity. | blood feeding in aedes aegypti is essential for reproduction, but also permits the mosquito to act as a vector for key human pathogens such as the zika and dengue viruses. wolbachia pipientis is an endosymbiotic bacterium that can manipulate the biology of aedes aegypti mosquitoes, making them less competent hosts for many pathogens. yet while wolbachia affects other aspects of host physiology, it is unclear whether it influences physiological processes associated with blood meal digestion. to t ... | 2017 | 28655666 |
| peridomestic aedes malayensis and aedes albopictus are capable vectors of arboviruses in cities. | dengue and chikungunya are global re-emerging mosquito-borne diseases. in singapore, sustained vector control coupled with household improvements reduced domestic mosquito populations for the past 45 years, particularly the primary vector aedes aegypti. however, while disease incidence was low for the first 30 years following vector control implementation, outbreaks have re-emerged in the past 15 years. epidemiological observations point to the importance of peridomestic infection in areas not t ... | 2017 | 28650959 |
| larval stress alters dengue virus susceptibility in aedes aegypti (l.) adult females. | in addition to genetic history, environmental conditions during larval stages are critical to the development, success and phenotypic fate of the aedes aegypti mosquito. in particular, previous studies have shown a strong genotype-by-environment component to adult mosquito body size in response to optimal vs stressed larval conditions. here, we expand upon those results by investigating the effects of larval-stage crowding and nutritional limitation on the susceptibility of a recent field isolat ... | 2017 | 28648790 |
| discovery of a single male aedes aegypti (l.) in merseyside, england. | the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions where it is the major vector of dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya and more recently zika virus. given its importance as a vector of arboviruses and its propensity to be transported to new regions, the european centre for disease prevention and control (ecdc) has placed ae. aegypti on a list of potentially invasive mosquito species. it was previously reported in the united kingdom (uk) in 1865 and 1919 but did not ... | 2017 | 28646879 |
| the impact of wolbachia infection on the rate of vertical transmission of dengue virus in brazilian aedes aegypti. | wolbachia pipientis is a common endosymbiotic bacterium of arthropods that strongly inhibits dengue virus (denv) infection and transmission in the primary vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti. for that reason, wolbachia-infected ae. aegypti are currently being released into the field as part of a novel strategy to reduce denv transmission. however, there is evidence that denv can be transmitted vertically from mother to progeny, and this may help the virus persist in nature in the absence of regul ... | 2017 | 28623959 |
| habitat productivity and pyrethroid susceptibility status of aedes aegypti mosquitoes in dar es salaam, tanzania. | aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) is the main vector of the dengue virus globally. dengue vector control is mainly based on reducing the vector population through interventions, which target potential breeding sites. however, in tanzania, little is known about this vector's habitat productivity and insecticide susceptibility status to support evidence-based implementation of control measures. the present study aimed at assessing the productivity and susceptibility status of a. aegypti mosquitoe ... | 2017 | 28595653 |
| knockdown resistance (kdr) of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of aedes aegypti population in denpasar, bali, indonesia. | aedes aegypti is the main vector of several arthropod-borne viral infections in the tropics profoundly affecting humans, such as dengue fever (df), west nile (wn), chikungunya and more recently zika. eradication of aedes still largely depends on insecticides, which is the most cost-effective strategy, and often inefficient due to resistance development in exposed aedes populations. we here conducted a study of ae. aegypti resistance towards several insecticides regularly used in the city of denp ... | 2017 | 28583207 |
| development of an eco-friendly mosquitocidal agent from alangium salvifolium against the dengue vector aedes aegypti and its biosafety on the aquatic predator. | plant extracts with their enriched chemical constituents have established potential alternative mosquito control agents. in this research, we developed an eco-friendly mosquitocidal agent from alangium salvifolium leaves against the dengue and zika virus vector aedes aegypti and we investigated its biosafety on the mosquito aquatic predator toxorhynchites splendens. results showed that the methanolic extract of a. salvifolium leaves was composed by eight main compounds, with major peak area for ... | 2017 | 28580548 |
| viruses vector control proposal: genus aedes emphasis. | the dengue fever is a major public health problem in the world. in brazil, in 2015, there were 1,534,932 cases, being 20,320 cases of severe form, and 811 deaths related to this disease. the distribution of aedes aegypti, the vector, is extensive. recently, zika and chikungunya viruses had arisen, sharing the same vector as dengue and became a huge public health issue. without specific treatment, it is urgently required as an effective vector control. this article is focused on reviewing vector ... | 2017 | 28577370 |
| the spread of wolbachia through mosquito populations. | in many regions of the world, mosquito-borne viruses pose a growing threat to human health. as an alternative to traditional control measures, the bacterial symbiont wolbachia has been transferred from drosophila into the mosquito aedes aegypti, where it can block the transmission of dengue and zika viruses. a recent paper has reported large-scale releases of wolbachia-infected ae. aegypti in the city of cairns, australia. wolbachia, which is maternally transmitted, invaded and spread through th ... | 2017 | 28570608 |
| effects of sublethal exposure to metofluthrin on the fitness of aedes aegypti in a domestic setting in cairns, queensland. | metofluthrin is highly effective at reducing biting activity in aedes aegypti. its efficacy lies in the rapid onset of confusion, knockdown, and subsequent kill of a mosquito. in the field, there are a variety of scenarios that might result in sublethal exposure to metofluthrin, including mosquitoes that are active at the margins of the chemical's lethal range, brief exposure as mosquitoes fly in and out of treated spaces or decreasing efficacy of the emanators with time. sublethal effects are k ... | 2017 | 28569175 |
| molecular studies with aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (linnaeus, 1762), mosquito transmitting the dengue virus. | dengue is an infectious viral disease, which can present a wide clinical picture, ranging from oligo or asymptomatic forms, to bleeding and shock, and can progress to death. the disease problem has increased in recent years, especially in urban and suburban areas of tropical and subtropical regions. there are five dengue viruses, called serotypes (den-1, den-2, den-3, den-4, and den-5), which belong to the flaviviridae family and are transmitted to humans through infected mosquito bites, with th ... | 2017 | 28560571 |
| metofluthrin: investigations into the use of a volatile spatial pyrethroid in a global spread of dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses. | metofluthrin reduces biting activity in aedes aegypti through the confusion, knockdown, and subsequent kill of a mosquito. a geographical spread in dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses, increases intervention demands. response to a zika outbreak may require a different strategy than dengue, as high-risk individuals, specifically pregnant women, need to be targeted. | 2017 | 28558804 |
| local introduction and heterogeneous spatial spread of dengue-suppressing wolbachia through an urban population of aedes aegypti. | dengue-suppressing wolbachia strains are promising tools for arbovirus control, particularly as they have the potential to self-spread following local introductions. to test this, we followed the frequency of the transinfected wolbachia strain wmel through ae. aegypti in cairns, australia, following releases at 3 nonisolated locations within the city in early 2013. spatial spread was analysed graphically using interpolation and by fitting a statistical model describing the position and width of ... | 2017 | 28557993 |
| elevation as a proxy for mosquito-borne zika virus transmission in the americas. | when zika virus (zikv) first began its spread from brazil to other parts of the americas, national-level travel notices were issued, carrying with them significant economic consequences to affected countries. although regions of some affected countries were likely unsuitable for mosquito-borne transmission of zikv, the absence of high quality, timely surveillance data made it difficult to confidently demarcate infection risk at a sub-national level. in the absence of reliable data on zikv activi ... | 2017 | 28542540 |
| uncovering the repertoire of endogenous flaviviral elements in aedes mosquito genomes. | endogenous viral elements derived from nonretroviral rna viruses have been described in various animal genomes. whether they have a biological function, such as host immune protection against related viruses, is a field of intense study. here, we investigated the repertoire of endogenous flaviviral elements (efves) in aedes mosquitoes, the vectors of arboviruses such as dengue and chikungunya viruses. previous studies identified three efves from aedes albopictus cell lines and one from aedes aeg ... | 2017 | 28539440 |
| enhanced larvicidal, antibacterial, and photocatalytic efficacy of tio2 nanohybrids green synthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of parthenium hysterophorus. | titanium dioxide nanoparticles are emerging as a biocompatible nanomaterial with multipurpose bioactivities. in this study, titanium dioxide (tio2) nanoparticles were effectively synthesized using the aqueous leaf extracts of parthenium hysterophorus prepared by microwave irradiation. tio2 nanoparticles were fabricated by treating the p. hysterophorus leaf extracts with the tio4 solution. biologically active compounds such as alcohols, phenols, alkanes, and fluoroalkanes were involved in bioredu ... | 2017 | 28537028 |
| transovarial transmission of denv in aedes aegypti in the amazon basin: a local model of xenomonitoring. | transovarial transmission of dengue virus in aedes spp. mosquitoes is considered an important mechanism for the maintenance of the virus in nature and may be implicated in the occurrence of outbreaks and epidemics of the disease. however, there are few studies involving transovarial transmission and viral vector monitoring as a surveillance tool and control strategy. the present study evaluated transovarial transmission of dengue virus in aedes aegypti populations as a xenomonitoring strategy in ... | 2017 | 28526066 |
| zika virus: obstetric and pediatric anesthesia considerations. | as of november 2016, the florida department of health (fdh) and the centers for disease control and prevention have confirmed more than 4000 travel-related zika virus (zikv) infections in the united states with >700 of those in florida. there have been 139 cases of locally acquired infection, all occurring in miami, florida. within the us territories (eg, puerto rico, us virgin islands), >30,000 cases of zikv infection have been reported. the projected number of individuals at risk for zikv infe ... | 2017 | 28525510 |
| impact of simultaneous exposure to arboviruses on infection and transmission by aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | the recent emergence of both chikungunya and zika viruses in the americas has significantly expanded their distribution and has thus increased the possibility that individuals may become infected by more than one aedes aegypti-borne virus at a time. recent clinical data support an increase in the frequency of coinfection in human patients, raising the likelihood that mosquitoes could be exposed to multiple arboviruses during one feeding episode. the impact of coinfection on the ability of releva ... | 2017 | 28524874 |
| life-shortening wolbachia infection reduces population growth of aedes aegypti. | wolbachia bacteria are being introduced into natural populations of vector mosquitoes, with the goal of reducing the transmission of human diseases such as zika and dengue fever. the successful establishment of wolbachia infection is largely dependent on the effects of wolbachia infection to host fitness, but the effects of wolbachia infection on the individual life-history traits of immature mosquitoes can vary. here, the effects of life-shortening wolbachia (wmelpop) on population growth of in ... | 2017 | 28506794 |
| fta cards facilitate storage, shipment, and detection of arboviruses in infected aedes aegypti collected in adult mosquito traps. | abstractthe utility of applying infected aedes aegypti to flinders technology associates (fta(®)) cards for storage, transport, and detection of dengue, zika, and barmah forest viruses was assessed in laboratory-based experiments. the mosquitoes had been removed from gravid aedes traps maintained under conditions of high temperature and humidity. rna of all viruses could be detected in infected mosquitoes on fta cards either individually or in pools with uninfected mosquitoes, and stored for up ... | 2017 | 28500814 |
| interaction of flavivirus with their mosquito vectors and their impact on the human health in the americas. | some of the major arboviruses with public health importance, such as dengue, yellow fever, zika and west nile virus are mosquito-borne or mosquito-transmitted flavivirus. their principal vectors are from the family culicidae, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus being responsible of the urban cycles of dengue, zika and yellow fever virus. these vectors are highly competent for transmission of many arboviruses. the genetic variability of the vectors, the environment and the viral diversity modulate ... | 2017 | 28499872 |
| zingiber cernuum (zingiberaceae) essential oil as effective larvicide and oviposition deterrent on six mosquito vectors, with little non-target toxicity on four aquatic mosquito predators. | mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of many pathogens and parasites, which cause serious diseases in humans and animals. currently, botanical products have been suggested as alternative tools in the fight against arthropod vectors. in this study, the essential oil (eo) extracted from zingiber cernuum was tested as larvicide and oviposition deterrent on six mosquito species of public health relevance, including malaria and zika virus vectors. the eo showed high toxicity on third insta ... | 2017 | 28497331 |
| development of nanoemulsion from vitex negundo l. essential oil and their efficacy of antioxidant, antimicrobial and larvicidal activities (aedes aegypti l.). | it is believed that nanoemulsions were emerged as a promising candidate to improve the qualities of natural essential oil towards antimicrobial and insecticidal applications. in the present study, we have focused on the encapsulation of vitex negundo l. leaf essential oil using polysorbate80 for its different biological activities including antioxidant, bactericidal and larvicidal activity against dengue fever vector aedes aegypti l. initially, the nanoemulsion was prepared by low energy method ... | 2017 | 28497330 |
| larvicidal activity of lignans and alkaloid identified in zanthoxylum piperitum bark toward insecticide-susceptible and wild culex pipiens pallens and aedes aegypti. | the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, and the common house mosquito, culex pipiens pallens, transmit dengue fever and west nile virus diseases, respectively. this study was conducted to determine the toxicity of the three lignans (-)-asarinin, sesamin and (+)-xanthoxylol-γ,γ-dimethylallylether (xda), and the alkaloid pellitorine from zanthoxylum piperitum (rutaceae) bark to third-instar larvae from insecticide-susceptible c. pipiens pallens and ae. aegypti as well as wild c. pipiens pallens ... | 2017 | 28472971 |
| potential high-risk areas for zika virus transmission in the contiguous united states. | to understand where transmission of zika virus has the highest likelihood to occur in the contiguous united states with regard to its transmission both sexually and via aedes aegypti mosquito bites. | 2017 | 28323468 |
| development of dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens in aedes japonicus and aedes geniculatus. | the mosquito-borne filarial nematodes dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens primarily affect dogs but also cats, causing heartworm disease or subcutaneous dirofilariosis, respectively, and both may also cause zoonotic diseases in humans. several mosquito species have been reported as competent vectors for these nematodes, but no data are available for the invasive mosquito species aedes japonicus (theobald, 1901). the objective of this study was to describe the development of both d. immiti ... | 2017 | 28219407 |
| larvicidal and growth-inhibitory activity of entomopathogenic bacteria culture fluids against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | dengue, chikungunya, and zika are important vector-borne diseases, and aedes aegypti l. is their main transmitter. as the disease management is mainly based on mosquito control strategies, the search for alternative and cost-effective approaches is ongoing. the gram-negative bacteria xenorhabdus nematophila and photorhabdus luminescens are symbiotically associated with entomopathogenic nematodes and are highly pathogenic for insect larvae. after we have recently confirmed the toxicity of these b ... | 2017 | 28062794 |
| artesunate-tafenoquine combination therapy promotes clearance and abrogates transmission of the avian malaria parasite plasmodium gallinaceum. | clinical manifestations of malaria infection in vertebrate hosts arise from the multiplication of the asexual stage parasites in the blood, while the gametocytes are responsible for the transmission of the disease. antimalarial drugs that target the blood stage parasites and transmissible gametocytes are rare, but are essentially needed for the effective control of malaria and for limiting the spread of resistance. artemisinin and its derivatives are the current first-line antimalarials that are ... | 2017 | 28043395 |
| the evolutionary divergence of stat transcription factor in different anopheles species. | anopheles mosquito transmits plasmodium, the malaria causing parasite. different species of anopheles mosquito dominate in a particular geographical location and are capable of transmitting specific strains of plasmodium. it is important to understand the biology of different anophelines to control the parasite transmission. stat is an evolutionary conserved transcription factor that regulates the parasite development in african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. unlike drosophila and aedes aegyp ... | 2017 | 27664587 |
| molecular expression of aquaporin mrnas in the northern house mosquito, culex pipiens. | aquaporins (aqps) are a family of membrane-bound proteins, originally described as water-channels, that broadly exist in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. however, some aqps can transport small molecules (e.g. urea, glycerol) along with or preferentially to water. previous work in the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae have characterized the molecular expression of one or more aqp genes and shown that they are involved in water homeostasis after blood feeding, tolerance to dehydratio ... | 2017 | 27773635 |
| first case of zika virus infection in a hiv+ patient. | zika virus is an enveloped, single-stranded rna virus that belongs to the flavivirus genre. as with arbovirus, it is transmitted by arthropods (mosquitoes), both aedes aegypti (urban) and albopictus (rural). zika virus was first isolated in 1947 from monkeys in uganda. the first human cases were reported in 1952 in east africa. outbreaks were reported in micronesia (2007), polynesia (2013), and chile (2014). both diagnostic procedures and therapeutics are poorly developed. serological tests cros ... | 2017 | 27232506 |
| mosgctl-7, a c-type lectin protein, mediates japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus prevalent in asia and the western pacific, and is the leading cause of viral encephalitis. jev is maintained in a transmission cycle between mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts, but the molecular mechanisms by which the mosquito vector participates in transmission are unclear. we investigated the expression of all c-type lectins during jev infection in aedes aegypti. c-type lectin mosgctl-7 (aael002524) was significantly up-regulated ... | 2017 | 28250133 |
| n-glycosylation influences the catalytic activity of mosquito α-glucosidases associated with susceptibility or refractoriness to lysinibacillus sphaericus. | cqm1 and aam1 are α-glucosidases (ec 3.2.1.20) expressed in culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti larvae midgut, respectively. these orthologs share high sequence similarity but while cqm1 acts as a receptor for the binary (bin) insecticidal toxin from lysinibacillus sphaericus, aam1 does not bind the toxin, rendering ae. aegypti refractory to this bacterium. aam1 is heavily glycosylated, contrasting to cqm1, but little is known regarding how glycosylation impacts on its function. this study ... | 2017 | 28017798 |
| chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and larvicidal activities of the essential oil of mentha piperita l. (lamiaceae). | the essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and the identification and quantification of components were achieved with the use of gc-ms analysis. the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the method of sequestration of dpph. essential oils were used for study the cytotoxic front larvae of artemia salina. in the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils, we employed the disk-diffusion method. the potential larvicide in mosquito larvae of the third stage of development of ... | 2017 | 28116346 |
| transcriptome sequencing reveals large-scale changes in axenic aedes aegypti larvae. | mosquitoes host communities of microbes in their digestive tract that consist primarily of bacteria. we previously reported that aedes aegypti larvae colonized by a native community of bacteria and gnotobiotic larvae colonized by only escherichia coli develop very similarly into adults, whereas axenic larvae never molt and die as first instars. in this study, we extended these findings by first comparing the growth and abundance of bacteria in conventional, gnotobiotic, and axenic larvae during ... | 2017 | 28060822 |
| toxicity of herbal extracts used in ethno-veterinary medicine and green-encapsulated zno nanoparticles against aedes aegypti and microbial pathogens. | dengue and chikungunya are arboviral diseases mainly vectored by the mosquito aedes aegypti. presently, there is no treatment for these viral diseases and their prevention is still based on vector control measures. nanopesticides fabricated using herbal extracts as reducing and capping agents currently represent an excellent platform for pest control. in this scenario, the present study assessed the acute toxicity of seven plants employed in ethno-veterinary medicine of southern india, as well a ... | 2017 | 28389893 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa kun2, extracellular toxins-a potential source for the control of dengue vector. | dengue fever is one of the serious health disease transmitted by aedes spp mosquitoes. the incidence of dengue has increased dramatically around the world in recent decades. vector control is one of the important strategies practiced for the control of dengue fever. the emergence of resistance among vectors against the existing insecticides has raised new challenges. the aim of the present study was to identify the larvicidal activity of extracellular toxins from pseudomonas spp for the control ... | 2017 | 27353579 |
| microbiota activates imd pathway and limits sindbis infection in aedes aegypti. | aedes aegypti is the main vector of important arboviruses such as dengue, zika and chikungunya. during infections mosquitoes can activate the immune pathways toll, imd and jak/stat to limit pathogen replication. | 2017 | 28231846 |
| spatial quantification of the world population potentially exposed to zika virus. | zika virus is an emerging flaviviridae virus, which has spread rapidly in the last few years. it has raised concern because it has been associated with fetus microcephaly when pregnant women are infected. the main vector is the mosquito aedes aegypti , distributed in tropical areas. | 2017 | 28338754 |
| boswellia ovalifoliolata (burseraceae) essential oil as an eco-friendly larvicide? toxicity against six mosquito vectors of public health importance, non-target mosquito fishes, backswimmers, and water bugs. | the use of synthetic pesticides to control vector populations is detrimental to human health and the environment and may lead to the development of resistant strains. plants can be alternative sources of safer compounds effective on mosquito vectors. in this study, the mosquito larvicidal activity of boswellia ovalifoliolata leaf essential oil (eo) was evaluated against anopheles stephensi, anopheles subpictus, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, and culex tritaeniorhynchus. ... | 2017 | 28332087 |
| ascension island: a survey to assess the presence of zika virus vectors. | following concerns regarding the spread of zika virus, joint services health unit (cyprus) were tasked to carry out a mosquito survey on the ascension island, south atlantic. this was to determine if vectors of the virus such as aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus were introduced and established on the island. | 2017 | 28331047 |
| spatial-temporal analysis of dengue deaths: identifying social vulnerabilities. | currently, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, and zika virus represent serious public health issues in brazil, despite efforts to control the vector, the aedes aegypti mosquito. | 2017 | 28327810 |
| correction: laboratory strains of aedes aegypti are competent to brazilian zika virus. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171951.]. | 2017 | 28288192 |
| variation in aedes aegypti mosquito competence for zika virus transmission. | to test whether zika virus has adapted for more efficient transmission by aedes aegypti mosquitoes, leading to recent urban outbreaks, we fed mosquitoes from brazil, the dominican republic, and the united states artificial blood meals containing 1 of 3 zika virus strains (senegal, cambodia, mexico) and monitored infection, dissemination, and virus in saliva. contrary to our hypothesis, cambodia and mexica strains were less infectious than the senegal strain. only mosquitoes from the dominican re ... | 2017 | 28287375 |
| <i>aedes aegypti</i> control through modernized, integrated vector management. | in the context of the ongoing, unprecedented zika virus outbreak in the americas, the world health organization has expressed its support for developing and up-scaling three novel approaches to controlling the aedes aegypti mosquito: the sterile insect technique (sit), the release of insects carrying dominant lethal genes (ridl) and the release of wolbachia-infected mosquitoes. whereas the former two approaches are temporary insect population suppression strategies, wolbachia infection is a self ... | 2017 | 28286698 |
| vertical transmission of zika virus by aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes. | to determine the potential role of vertical transmission in zika virus expansion, we evaluated larval pools of perorally infected aedes. aegypti and ae. albopictus adult female mosquitoes; ≈1/84 larvae tested were zika virus-positive; and rates varied among mosquito populations. thus, vertical transmission may play a role in zika virus spread and maintenance. | 2017 | 28277199 |
| zika in rio de janeiro: assessment of basic reproduction number and comparison with dengue outbreaks. | zika virus infection was declared a public health emergency of international concern in february 2016 in response to the outbreak in brazil and its suspected link with congenital anomalies. in this study, we use notification data and disease natural history parameters to estimate the basic reproduction number (r 0) of zika in rio de janeiro, brazil. we also obtain estimates of r 0 of dengue from time series of dengue cases in the outbreaks registered in 2002 and 2012 in the city, when denv-3 and ... | 2017 | 28240195 |
| combining contact tracing with targeted indoor residual spraying significantly reduces dengue transmission. | the widespread transmission of dengue viruses (denv), coupled with the alarming increase of birth defects and neurological disorders associated with zika virus, has put the world in dire need of more efficacious tools for aedes aegypti-borne disease mitigation. we quantitatively investigated the epidemiological value of location-based contact tracing (identifying potential out-of-home exposure locations by phone interviews) to infer transmission foci where high-quality insecticide applications c ... | 2017 | 28232955 |
| leaking containers: success and failure in controlling the mosquito aedes aegypti in brazil. | in 1958, the pan american health organization declared that brazil had successfully eradicated the mosquito aedes aegypti, responsible for the transmission of yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and zika virus. yet in 2016 the brazilian minister of health described the situation of dengue fever as "catastrophic." discussing the recent epidemic of zika virus, which amplified the crisis produced by the persistence of dengue fever, brazil's president declared in january 2016 that "we are in th ... | 2017 | 28207332 |
| does zika virus infection affect mosquito response to repellents? | the world health organization (who) recommends that people travelling to or living in areas with zika virus (zikv) outbreaks or epidemics adopt prophylactic measures to reduce or eliminate mosquito bites, including the use of insect repellents. it is, however, unknown whether repellents are effective against zikv-infected mosquitoes, in part because of the ethical concerns related to exposing a human subject's arm to infected mosquitoes in the standard arm-in-cage assay. we used a previously dev ... | 2017 | 28205633 |
| a cdna clone-launched platform for high-yield production of inactivated zika vaccine. | a purified inactivated vaccine (piv) using the zika virus (zikv) puerto rico strain prvabc59 showed efficacy in monkeys, and is currently in a phase i clinical trial. high-yield manufacture of this piv is essential for its development and vaccine access. here we report an infectious cdna clone-launched platform to maximize its yield. a single ns1 protein substitution (k265e) was identified to increase zikv replication on vero cells (a cell line approved for vaccine production) for both cambodian ... | 2017 | 28196656 |
| laboratory strains of aedes aegypti are competent to brazilian zika virus. | the zika virus outbreaks are unprecedented human threat in relation to congenital malformations and neurological/autoimmune complications. since this virus has high potential to spread in regions presenting the vectors, improvement in mosquito control is a top priority. thus, aedes aegypti laboratory strains will be fundamental to support studies in different research fields implicated on zika-mosquito interactions which are the basis for the development of innovative control methods. in this se ... | 2017 | 28187183 |
| predicting the potential role of non-human hosts in zika virus maintenance. | arboviruses are often maintained in complex cycles involving vertebrates such as mammals or birds and blood-feeding mosquitoes. however, the role of wildlife hosts in their emergence or re-emergence in human populations has received little attention. the recent emergence of zika virus in america, and previous occurrences of chikungunya and dengue, forces us to confront a potential new disease-emergence phenomenon. using a spatial data mining framework to identify potential biotic interactions, b ... | 2017 | 28180996 |
| larvicidal activity of blumea eriantha essential oil and its components against six mosquito species, including zika virus vectors: the promising potential of (4e,6z)-allo-ocimene, carvotanacetone and dodecyl acetate. | the effective and environmentally sustainable control of mosquitoes is a challenge of essential importance. this is due to the fact that some invasive mosquitoes, with special reference to the aedes genus, are particularly difficult to control, due to their high ecological plasticity. moreover, the indiscriminate overuse of synthetic insecticides resulted in undesirable effects on human health and non-target organisms, as well as resistance development in targeted vectors. here, the leaf essenti ... | 2017 | 28168560 |
| rplp1 and rplp2 are essential flavivirus host factors that promote early viral protein accumulation. | the flavivirus genus contains several arthropod-borne viruses that pose global health threats, including dengue viruses (denv), yellow fever virus (yfv), and zika virus (zikv). in order to understand how these viruses replicate in human cells, we previously conducted genome-scale rna interference screens to identify candidate host factors. in these screens, we identified ribosomal proteins rplp1 and rplp2 (rplp1/2) to be among the most crucial putative host factors required for denv and yfv infe ... | 2017 | 27974556 |
| diversity of yellow fever mosquito vectors in the atlantic forest of rio de janeiro, brazil. | environmental modifications caused by human activities have led to changes in mosquito vector populations, and sylvatic species have adapted to breeding in urban areas. | 2017 | 27384833 |
| modelling wolbachia infection in a sex-structured mosquito population carrying west nile virus. | wolbachia is possibly the most studied reproductive parasite of arthropod species. it appears to be a promising candidate for biocontrol of some mosquito borne diseases. we begin by developing a sex-structured model for a wolbachia infected mosquito population. our model incorporates the key effects of wolbachia infection including cytoplasmic incompatibility and male killing. we also allow the possibility of reduced reproductive output, incomplete maternal transmission, and different mortality ... | 2017 | 28097419 |
| development and characterization of recombinant virus generated from a new world zika virus infectious clone. | zika virus (zikv; family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus) is a rapidly expanding global pathogen that has been associated with severe clinical manifestations, including devastating neurological disease in infants. there are currently no molecular clones of a new world zikv available that lack significant attenuation, hindering progress toward understanding determinants of transmission and pathogenesis. here we report the development and characterization of a novel zikv reverse genetics system bas ... | 2017 | 27795432 |
| low circulation of zika virus, cambodia, 2007-2016. | we describe a retrospective study on circulation of zika virus in cambodia during 2007-2016 among patients with dengue-like symptoms and aedes aegypti mosquitoes. our findings suggest that zika virus in cambodia belongs to the asia genotype, is endemic, has low prevalence, and has had low-level impact on public health. | 2017 | 27875110 |
| sarniensine, a mesembrine-type alkaloid isolated from nerine sarniensis, an indigenous south african amaryllidaceae, with larvicidal and adulticidal activities against aedes aegypti. | a new mesembrine-type alkaloid, named sarniensine, was isolated together with tazettine, lycorine, the main alkaloid, and 3-epimacronine from nerine sarniensis, with the last two produced for the first time by this plant. this amaryllidaceae, which is indigenous of south africa, was investigated for its alkaloid content, because the organic extract of its bulbs showed strong larvicidal activity with an lc50 value of 0.008μgμl(-1) against first instar aedes aegypti larvae and with an ld50 value 4 ... | 2017 | 27864138 |
| understanding zika virus. | this article describes what pediatric healthcare professionals should know about zika virus (zikv). | 2017 | 27862959 |