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experimental zika virus infection in aedes aegypti: susceptibility, transmission & co-infection with dengue & chikungunya viruses.there are reports about the susceptibility of aedes mosquitoes to zikv from various countries, however, no such information is available from indian sub-continent, although, high level of group cross-reactivity of zikv with other flaviviruses has been reported. during outbreak situations, many cases of dengue (den) and chikungunya (chik) are reported. in such scenario, vector mosquitoes are likely to get co-infection/secondary-infection with one or other virus. the present study was carried out ...201829749366
a new "american" subgroup of african-lineage chikungunya virus detected in and isolated from mosquitoes collected in haiti, 2016.as part of on-going arboviral surveillance activity in a semi-rural region in haiti, chikungunya virus (chikv)-positive mosquito pools were identified in 2014 (the peak of the caribbean asian-clade epidemic), and again in 2016 by rt-pcr. in 2014, chikv was only identified in aedes aegypti (11 positive pools/124 screened). in contrast, in sampling in 2016, chikv was not identified in ae. aegypti, but, rather, in (a) a female aedes albopictus pool, and (b) a female culex quinquefasciatus pool. gen ...201829746539
seasonal temperature variation influences climate suitability for dengue, chikungunya, and zika transmission.dengue, chikungunya, and zika virus epidemics transmitted by aedes aegypti mosquitoes have recently (re)emerged and spread throughout the americas, southeast asia, the pacific islands, and elsewhere. understanding how environmental conditions affect epidemic dynamics is critical for predicting and responding to the geographic and seasonal spread of disease. specifically, we lack a mechanistic understanding of how seasonal variation in temperature affects epidemic magnitude and duration. here, we ...201829746468
atypical neurological manifestations of chikungunya fever: two case reports.chikungunya fever (chik) is an arboviral disease which is transmitted by a mosquito bite (aedes aegypti). fever, polyarthralgia, and maculopapular rash are hallmark clinical manifestations of this disease. these manifestations are self-liming and complete recovery is seen in most of the cases. however, atypical and lethal complications such as myocarditis, hepatitis, guillain-barre syndrome (gbs), and meningoencephalitis have been reported in few cases of chik. we hereby report two cases of chik ...201829743772
complete genome of aedes aegypti anphevirus in the aag2 mosquito cell line.a novel negative-sense rna virus, aedes aegypti anphevirus, was recently identified in wild aedes aegypti mosquitoes. we show that this virus is also present in the aag2 aedes aegypti cell line and characterize its complete genome and evolutionary history. the aedes aegypti anphevirus genome is estimated to be 12 916 nucleotides in length, contains four genes and has a genome structure similar to that of other anpheviruses. phylogenetically, aedes aegypti anphevirus falls within an unclassified ...201829741476
expression of a synthetic gene for the major cytotoxin (cyt1aa) of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the chloroplast of wild-type chlamydomonas.chlamydomonas reinhardtii (chlamydomonas) strains that are toxic to mosquito larvae because they express chloroplast transgenes that are based on the mosquitocidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) could be very useful in mosquito control. chlamydomonas has several advantages for this approach, including genetic controls not generally available with industrial algae. the bti toxin is produced by sporulating bacteria and has been used for mosquito control for >30 years w ...201829738473
crystal structure of a novel kunitz type inhibitor, alocasin with anti-aedes aegypti activity targeting midgut proteases.the pesticidal properties of many kunitz-type inhibitors have been reported previously; however, the mechanism of action is not well established. in this study, the activity of alocasin against aedes aegypti is demonstrated and the structure-activity relationship of this kunitz-type inhibitor is explained through x-ray structure analyses.201829737039
antibodies against chikungunya in northern mozambique during dengue outbreak, 2014.an outbreak of dengue and high densities of aedes aegypti were reported in 2014 in northern mozambique, suggesting an increased risk for other arboviruses such as chikungunya virus (chikv) in this region. the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of chikv during an outbreak of dengue virus (denv) in pemba city in northern mozambique in 2014. febrile patients (n = 146) seeking medical attention at the pemba provincial hospital between march and april 2014 were enrolled in this study ...201829733254
male contributions during mating increase female survival in the disease vector mosquito aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti is a vector of medically important viruses including those causing zika, dengue, and chikungunya. during mating, males transfer a number of proteins and other molecules to the female and these components of the male ejaculate are essential in shifting female post-mating behaviors in a number of insect species. because these molecules are highly variable by species, and female post-mating behavior by species is also varied, behavioral assays testing the function of the ejaculate are ...201829729859
improving the delivery and efficiency of fungus-impregnated cloths for control of adult aedes aegypti using a synthetic attractive lure.entomopathogenic fungi are highly promising agents for controlling aedes aegypti mosquitoes. deploying fungus-impregnated black cloths in pet traps efficiently reduced ae. aegypti female survival rates under intra-domicile conditions. with the aim of further increasing the effectiveness of the traps, the addition of attractive lures to fungus-impregnated traps was evaluated.201829728121
advising a woman with suspected zika virus infection.the zika virus (zikv) epidemic is spreading: 67 countries are now reporting transmission, and over 2,000 cases of congenital zika syndrome (czs) have been confirmed. the heaviest burden has been borne by those living where poverty, poor infrastructure, and lack of access to health services are common and the penetration of aedes aegypti is high. because most cases are asymptomatic, the most dramatic signs of the disease appear through the czs cases. in spite of the need for disaggregated epidemi ...201829724698
larval density mediates knockdown resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in adult aedes aegypti.understanding mechanisms driving insecticide resistance in vector populations remains a public health priority. to date, most research has focused on the genetic mechanisms underpinning resistance, yet it is unclear what role environmental drivers may play in shaping phenotypic expression. one of the key environmental drivers of aedes aegypti mosquito population dynamics is resource-driven intraspecific competition at the larval stage. we experimentally investigated the role of density-dependent ...201829724237
contributions from the silent majority dominate dengue virus transmission.despite estimates that, each year, as many as 300 million dengue virus (denv) infections result in either no perceptible symptoms (asymptomatic) or symptoms that are sufficiently mild to go undetected by surveillance systems (inapparent), it has been assumed that these infections contribute little to onward transmission. however, recent blood-feeding experiments with aedes aegypti mosquitoes showed that people with asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic denv infections are capable of infecting mosquit ...201829723307
wolbachia significantly impacts the vector competence of aedes aegypti for mayaro virus.wolbachia, an intracellular endosymbiont present in up to 70% of all insect species, has been suggested as a sustainable strategy for the control of arboviruses such as dengue, zika and chikungunya. as mayaro virus outbreaks have also been reported in latin american countries, the objective of this study was to evaluate the vector competence of brazilian field-collected ae. aegypti and the impact of wolbachia (wmel strain) upon this virus. our in vitro studies with aag2 cells showed that mayaro ...201829720714
vector competence of certain culex and aedes mosquitoes for the chittoor virus, the indian variant of the batai virus.chittoor virus (chitv), a mosquito-borne bunyavirus (orthobunyavirus: bunyaviridae) isolated in india, has been found to be antigenically close to the batai virus (batv), which has a wide distribution across asia, europe, and africa. the latter virus causes influenza-like illness in humans and mild illness in sheep and goats. batv has been involved in genetic reassortment with other bunyaviruses, generating novel genome combinations and causing severe clinical manifestations including hemorrhagi ...201829718685
high throughput discovery of protein variants using proteomics informed by transcriptomics.proteomics informed by transcriptomics (pit), in which proteomic ms/ms spectra are searched against open reading frames derived from de novo assembled transcripts, can reveal previously unknown translated genomic elements (tges). however, determining which tges are truly novel, which are variants of known proteins, and which are simply artefacts of poor sequence assembly, is challenging. we have designed and implemented an automated solution that classifies putative tges by comparing to referenc ...201829718325
dehydration prompts increased activity and blood feeding by mosquitoes.current insights into the mosquito dehydration response rely on studies that examine specific responses but ultimately fail to provide an encompassing view of mosquito biology. here, we examined underlying changes in the biology of mosquitoes associated with dehydration. specifically, we show that dehydration increases blood feeding in the northern house mosquito, culex pipiens, which was the result of both higher activity and a greater tendency to land on a host. similar observations were noted ...201829717151
efficacy of larvicides for the control of dengue, zika, and chikungunya vectors in an urban cemetery in southern mexico.many countries in latin america have recently experienced outbreaks of zika and chikungunya fever, in additional to the usual burden imposed by dengue, all of which are transmitted by aedes aegypti in this region. to identify potential larvicides, we determined the toxicity of eight modern insecticides to a. aegypti larvae from a colony that originated from field-collected insects in southern mexico. the most toxic compounds were pyriproxyfen (which prevented adult emergence) and λ-cyhalothrin, ...201829713901
parallel evolution of vgsc mutations at domains is6, iis6 and iiis6 in pyrethroid resistant aedes aegypti from mexico.aedes aegypti is the primary urban mosquito vector of viruses causing dengue, zika and chikungunya fevers -for which vaccines and effective pharmaceuticals are still lacking. current strategies to suppress arbovirus outbreaks include removal of larval-breeding sites and insecticide treatment of larval and adult populations. insecticidal control of ae. aegypti is challenging, due to a recent rapid global increase in knockdown-resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides. widespread, heavy use of p ...201829712956
identification of candidate iron transporters from the zip/znt gene families in the mosquito aedes aegypti.mosquito-transmitted viral pathogens, such as dengue and zika, afflict tens of thousands of people every year. these viruses are transmitted during the blood-feeding process that is required for mosquito reproduction, the most important vector being aedes aegypti. while vertebrate blood is rich in protein, its high iron content is potentially toxic to mosquitoes. although iron transport and sequestration are essential in the reproduction of vector mosquitoes, we discovered that culicine mosquito ...201829706902
dengue fever in lebanon: first confirmed case since 1945 and review from the region.lebanon yearly witnesses a high flux of expatriates and workers from dengue virus (denv) endemic regions. multiple cases of dengue fever have been documented at the american university of beirut medical center (aubmc) in travellers to endemic regions. given the presence of the aedes aegypti mosquito in lebanon, introduction of denv to the country is highly likely. we report a case of denv infection in lebanon diagnosed in april 2012 in a patient with no prior travel history. the patient presente ...201831851640
[applications of the crispr/cas9 system in insects].the crispr/cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/crispr-associated) system guides cas9 to specific genomic locations by a short rna search string. this technology enables the systematic interrogation of mammalian genome editing, repairing damaged genes, silencing harmful genes and improving quality traits. in recent years, with the introduction of the crispr/cas9 system for easy, fast and efficient genetic modification, it has been possible to conduct meaningful function ...201829704373
structural characterization of bacillus licheniformis dahb1 exopolysaccharide-antimicrobial potential and larvicidal activity on malaria and zika virus mosquito vectors.microbial polysaccharides produced by marine species play a key role in food and cosmetic industry, as they are nontoxic and biodegradable polymers. this investigation reports the isolation of exopolysaccharide from bacillus licheniformis dahb1 and its biomedical applications. bacillus licheniformis dahb1 exopolysaccharide (bl-eps) was extracted using the ethanol precipitation method and structurally characterized. ftir and 1h-nmr pointed out the presence of various functional groups and primary ...201829704178
host genotype and environment affect the trade-off between horizontal and vertical transmission of the parasite edhazardia aedis.if a parasite is able to transmit horizontally or vertically, which transmission mode will it choose? we investigated how the growth conditions and the genotype of the mosquito aedes aegypti affect the transmission mode of the parasite edhazardia aedis.201829699504
ammonia excretion in an osmoregulatory syncytium is facilitated by aeamt2, a novel ammonia transporter in aedes aegypti larvae.the larvae of the mosquito aedes aegypti inhabit ammonia rich septic tanks in tropical regions of the world that make extensive use of these systems, explaining the prevalence of disease during dry seasons. since ammonia (nh3/[formula: see text]) is toxic to animals, an understanding of the physiological mechanisms of ammonia excretion permitting the survival of a. aegypti larvae in high ammonia environments is important. we have characterized a novel ammonia transporter, aeamt2, belonging to th ...201829695971
a chikungunya virus trans-replicase system reveals the importance of delayed nonstructural polyprotein processing for efficient replication complex formation in mosquito cells.chikungunya virus (chikv) is a medically important alphavirus that is transmitted by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes. the viral replicase complex consists of four nonstructural proteins (nsps) expressed as a polyprotein precursor and encompasses all enzymatic activities required for viral rna replication. nsps interact with host components of which most are still poorly understood, especially in mosquitos. a chikv trans-replicase system that allows the uncoupling of rna replication ...201829695432
effects of desiccation stress on adult female longevity in aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus (diptera: culicidae): results of a systematic review and pooled survival analysis.transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue, zika and chikungunya are affected by the longevity of the adult female mosquito. environmental conditions influence the survival of adult female aedes mosquitoes, the primary vectors of these viruses. while the association of temperature with aedes mortality has been relatively well-explored, the role of humidity is less established. the current study's goals were to compile knowledge of the influence of humidity on adult survival i ...201829695282
dna barcoding of morphologically characterized mosquitoes belonging to the subfamily culicinae from sri lanka.vectors of mosquito-borne diseases in sri lanka, except for malaria, belong to the subfamily culicinae, which includes nearly 84% of the mosquito fauna of the country. hence, accurate and precise species identification of culicine mosquitoes is a crucial factor in implementing effective vector control strategies. during the present study, a combined effort using morphology and dna barcoding was made to characterize mosquitoes of the subfamily culicinae for the first time from nine districts of s ...201829695263
characterization of a western pacific zika virus strain in australian aedes aegypti.zika virus (zikv) is a globally emerging arbovirus responsible for widespread epidemics in the western pacific, the americas, and asia. the virus predominately circulates in urban transmission cycles between aedes aegypti and humans. australia is considered at risk to outbreaks of zikv due to the presence of a. aegypti populations in northern areas of the state of queensland. furthermore, close proximity to epidemic regions has led to almost 50% of imported cases reported since 2012 originating ...201829694294
neurotropism and behavioral changes associated with zika infection in the vector aedes aegypti.understanding zika virus infection dynamics is essential, as its recent emergence revealed possible devastating neuropathologies in humans, thus causing a major threat to public health worldwide. recent research allowed breakthrough in our understanding of the virus and host pathogenesis; however, little is known on its impact on its main vector, aedes aegypti. here we show how zika virus targets aedes aegypti's neurons and induces changes in its behavior. results are compared to dengue virus, a ...201829691362
dengue virus infection induces chromatin remodeling at locus aael006536 in the midgut of aedes aegypti.to identify and characterize aedes aegypti's aael006536 gene proximal upstream cis-regulatory sequences activated by dengue virus infection.201829689655
association of dengue fever with aedes spp. abundance and climatological effects.to analyze the association of dengue fever incidence with aedes mosquito's abundance, and the effect of climatological and geographical variables, in a region in morelos state, mexico.201829689652
the redox-sensing gene nrf2 affects intestinal homeostasis, insecticide resistance, and zika virus susceptibility in the mosquito aedes aegypti.production and degradation of reactive oxygen species (ros) are extensively regulated to ensure proper cellular responses to various environmental stimuli and stresses. moreover, physiologically generated ros function as secondary messengers that can influence tissue homeostasis. the cap'n'collar transcription factor known as nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2 (nrf2) coordinates an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional activation pathway that mediates antioxidant and detoxification res ...201829685890
dispersion and oviposition of aedes albopictus in a brazilian slum: initial evidence of asian tiger mosquito domiciliation in urban environments.aedes albopictus, originally considered as a secondary vector for arbovirus transmission, especially in areas where this species co-exist with aedes aegypti, has been described in most regions of the world. dispersion and domiciliation of ae. albopictus in a complex of densely urbanized slums in rio de janeiro, southeastern brazil, was evidenced. in this study, we tested the hypotheses that 1) ae. albopictus distribution in urban slums is negatively related to distance from vegetation, and 2) th ...201829684029
entomopathogenic fungal infection leads to temporospatial modulation of the mosquito immune system.alternative methods of mosquito control are needed to tackle the rising burden of mosquito-borne diseases while minimizing the use of synthetic insecticides, which are threatened by the rapid increase in insecticide resistance in mosquito populations. fungal biopesticides show great promise as potential alternatives because of their ecofriendly nature and ability to infect mosquitoes on contact. here we describe the temporospatial interactions between the mosquito aedes aegypti and several entom ...201829684026
dengue fever and aedes aegypti in indigenous brazilians: seroprevalence, risk factors, knowledge and practices.dengue remains an important public health problem in brazil. we estimated the associated factors of dengue seroprevalence among native indians of the tremembé ethnic and their knowledge about the aspects related to the presence of mosquitoes of the genus aedes.201829673030
susceptibility status and resistance mechanisms in permethrin-selected, laboratory susceptible and field-collected aedes aegypti from malaysia.this study is intended to provide a comprehensive characterization of the resistance mechanisms in the permethrin-selected (imr-pss) and laboratory susceptible (imr-ls) aedes aegypti strain from malaysia. both imr-pss and imr-ls provide a standard model for use in assessing the pyrethroid resistance in field-collected strains collected from three dengue hotspots: the taman seri bayu (tsb), the flat camar (fc), and the taman dahlia (td). two established methods for determining the resistance mech ...201829670071
locomotor activity in males of aedes aegypti can shift in response to females' presence.the study of physiological and behavioral traits of mosquito vectors has been of growing relevance for the proposition of alternative methods for controlling vector-borne diseases. despite this, most studies focus on the female's traits, including the behavior of host seeking, the physiology of disease transmission and the site-choice for oviposition. however, understanding the factors that lead to males' reproductive success is of utmost importance, since it can help building new strategies for ...201829669591
the effect of nonrandom mating on wolbachia dynamics: implications for population replacement and sterile releases in aedes mosquitoes.wolbachia bacteria are known to cause deviations from random mating and affect sperm competition (sc) in some of their arthropod hosts. because these effects could influence the effectiveness of wolbachia in mosquito population replacement and suppression programs, we developed a theoretical framework to investigate them and we collected relevant data for the wmel infection in aedes aegypti. using incompatibility patterns as a measure of mating success of infected versus uninfected mosquitoes, w ...201829968550
strain-specific pathogenicity and subversion of phenoloxidase activity in the mosquito aedes aegypti by members of the fungal entomopathogenic genus isaria.development of alternative vector control strategies are becoming more pressing given the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance and the rise of vector borne pathogens affecting public health such as dengue, chikungunya and zika. fungal-based biopesticides are promising alternatives to synthetic insecticides because they are ecofriendly and are highly effective at infecting insects through contact. this study evaluated the susceptibility of the yellow fever mosquito ae. aegypti to a range of ...201829967469
continued susceptibility of the wmel wolbachia infection in aedes aegypti to heat stress following field deployment and selection.aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with the wmel strain of wolbachia are being deployed to control the spread of arboviruses around the world through blockage of viral transmission. blockage by wolbachia in some scenarios may be affected by the susceptibility of wmel to cyclical heat stress during mosquito larval development. we therefore evaluated the potential to generate a heat-resistant strain of wmel in ae. aegypti through artificial laboratory selection and through exposure to field tempera ...201829966368
variation in competence for zikv transmission by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in mexico.zikv is a new addition to the arboviruses circulating in the new world, with more than 1 million cases since its introduction in 2015. a growing number of studies have reported vector competence (vc) of aedes mosquitoes from several areas of the world for zikv transmission. some studies have used new world mosquitoes from disparate regions and concluded that these have a variable but relatively low competence for the asian lineage of zikv.201829965958
chikungunya in children: a clinical review.chikungunya (chikv) is an emerging arboviral infection with recent spikes in transmission in the americas. chikungunya is most commonly transmitted by mosquitos, specifically aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. these mosquitoes are found throughout many parts of the united states. the classic tetrad of symptoms for chikv is fever, symmetric polyarthralgia, maculopapular rash, and nonpurulent conjunctivitis. although the majority (3 of 4) of infected people will be symptomatic, the viral illness ...201829965819
adventitious viruses persistently infect three commonly used mosquito cell lines.mosquito cell lines have been used extensively in research to isolate and propagate arthropod-borne viruses and understand virus-vector interactions. despite their utility as an in vitro tool, these cell lines are poorly defined and may harbor insect-specific viruses. accordingly, we screened four commonly-used mosquito cell lines, c6/36 and u4.4 cells from aedes albopictus, aag2 cells from aedes aegypti, and hsu cells from culex quinquefasciatus, for the presence of adventitious (i.e. exogenous ...201829957338
patterns of occurrence of dengue and chikungunya, and spatial distribution of mosquito vector aedes albopictus in swabi district, pakistan.two principal vector species, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, are known for transmission of dengue (den) and chikungunya (chk) in pakistan. we aimed to investigate their spatial and temporal distribution.201829956428
empirical optimization of risk thresholds for dengue: an approach towards entomological management of aedes mosquitoes based on larval indices in the kandy district of sri lanka.larval indices such as premise index (pi), breteau index (bi) and container index (ci) are widely used to interpret the density of dengue vectors in surveillance programmes. these indices may be useful for forecasting disease outbreaks in an area. however, use of the values of these indices as alarm signals is rarely considered in control programmes. therefore, the current study aims to propose threshold values for vector indices based on an empirical modeling approach for the kandy district of ...201829954443
comparison of chikungunya viruses generated using infectious clone or the infectious subgenomic amplicons (isa) method in aedes mosquitoes.reverse genetics systems provide the opportunity to manipulate viral genomes and have been widely used to study rna viruses and to develop new antiviral compounds and vaccine strategies. the recently described method called isa (infectious subgenomic amplicons) gives the possibility to rescue rna viruses in days. we demonstrated in cell culture that the use of the isa method led to a higher genetic diversity of viral populations than that observed using infectious clone technology. however, no r ...201829953474
aedes anphevirus: an insect-specific virus distributed worldwide in aedes aegypti mosquitoes that has complex interplays with wolbachia and dengue virus infection in cells.insect-specific viruses (isvs) of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti have been demonstrated to modulate transmission of arboviruses such as dengue virus (denv) and west nile virus by the mosquito. the diversity and composition of the virome of a. aegypti, however, remains poorly understood. in this study, we characterized aedes anphevirus (aeav), a negative-sense rna virus from the order mononegavirales aeav identified from aedes cell lines was infectious to both a. aegypti and aedes albopi ...201829950416
arthropod evs mediate dengue virus transmission through interaction with a tetraspanin domain containing glycoprotein tsp29fb.dengue virus (denv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes dengue fever in humans, worldwide. using in vitro cell lines derived from aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti, the primary vectors of denv, we report that denv2/denv3-infected cells secrete extracellular vesicles (evs), including exosomes, containing infectious viral rna and proteins. a full-length denv2 genome, detected in arthropod evs, was infectious to naïve mosquito and mammalian cells, including human-skin keratinocytes and bloo ...201829946031
model-based analysis of experimental data from interconnected, row-configured huts elucidates multifaceted effects of a volatile chemical on aedes aegypti mosquitoes.insecticides used against aedes aegypti and other disease vectors can elicit a multitude of dose-dependent effects on behavioral and bionomic traits. estimating the potential epidemiological impact of a product requires thorough understanding of these effects and their interplay at different dosages. volatile spatial repellent (sr) products come with an additional layer of complexity due to the potential for altered movement of affected mosquitoes and diffusion of volatile particles of the produ ...201829941038
wolbachia enhances insect-specific flavivirus infection in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.mosquitoes transmit a diverse group of human flaviviruses including west nile, dengue, yellow fever, and zika viruses. mosquitoes are also naturally infected with insect-specific flaviviruses (isfs), a subgroup of the family not capable of infecting vertebrates. although isfs are not medically important, they are capable of altering the mosquito's susceptibility to flaviviruses and may alter host fitness. wolbachia is an endosymbiotic bacterium of insects that when present in mosquitoes limits t ...201829938064
using barcoded zika virus to assess virus population structure in vitro and in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.arboviruses such as zika virus (zikv, flaviviridae; flavivirus) must replicate in both mammalian and insect hosts possessing strong immune defenses. accordingly, transmission between and replication within hosts involves genetic bottlenecks, during which viral population size and genetic diversity may be significantly reduced. to help quantify these bottlenecks and their effects, we constructed 4 "barcoded" zikv populations that theoretically contain thousands of barcodes each. after identifying ...201829935423
circulation of chikungunya virus in aedes aegypti in maranhão, northeast brazil.the simultaneous circulation of dengue virus (denv), chikungunya virus (chikv) and zika virus (zikv) arboviruses have placed brazil among the main worldwide endemic areas. brazilian northeast region concentrates the highest incidence of infections caused by chikv and zikv. in maranhão, the second biggest northeastern state, there are cases of human infections caused by these three arboviruses and presence of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus vectors. in this context, this study aimed to investi ...201829932932
ancient treatment for lice: a source of suggestions for carriers of other infectious diseases?louse infestation is one of the oldest contagious pestilential diseases of humankind, which has recently re-emerged in several developing countries as well as in homeless individuals and migrants. the present work provides the first phase of an historical excursus of louse remedies based on the classics of pharmaceutical literature, codes, pharmacopoeia and treatises. the second phase involves a literature search, based on the principal medical databases (scifinder, pubmed, google scholar, isi-w ...201829932096
evaluation of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) life table attributes upon chikungunya virus replication reveals impact on egg-laying pathways.arthropod-borne virus disease cycles constitute interactions among three primary players-the host, the vector, and the virus-in which the virus needs to interact with the host and the vector to establish its survival. while in the host, some arboviruses replicate aggressively, resulting in host pathogenicity, and manifest as a disease condition. these viruses more often utilize the vectors as reservoirs before they are transmitted to the host and therefore do not amplify to as large titers as th ...201829931258
a high-risk zika and dengue transmission hub: virus detections in mosquitoes at a brazilian university campus.zika virus (zikv) and dengue virus (denv) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses prevalent throughout tropical regions. currently, management of zikv and denv centers on control of the primary vector aedes aegypti. this vector is highly anthropophilic and is therefore prevalent throughout densely urbanised landscapes. a new passive trap for gravid ae. aegypti (gravid aedes trap - gat) was developed for mosquito surveillance. here the different killing agents and the level of transmission of arboviruses ...201829929561
risk factors for the presence of dengue vector mosquitoes, and determinants of their prevalence and larval site selection in dhaka, bangladesh.dengue viruses are responsible for over 100 million infections a year worldwide and are a public health concern in bangladesh. although risk of transmission is high, data on vector population characteristics are scanty in bangladesh; therefore, a comprehensive prediction of the patterns of local virus transmission is not possible. recognizing these gaps, multi-year entomological surveys were carried out in dhaka, where the disease is most frequently reported. the specific objectives of the prese ...201829928055
vector competence of aedes aegypti, culex tarsalis, and culex quinquefasciatus from california for zika virus.zika virus (zikv) has emerged since 2013 as a significant global human health threat following outbreaks in the pacific islands and rapid spread throughout south and central america. severe congenital and neurological sequelae have been linked to zikv infections. assessing the ability of common mosquito species to transmit zikv and characterizing variation in mosquito transmission of different zikv strains is important for estimating regional outbreak potential and for prioritizing local mosquit ...201829927940
hydrophobic nanoprecipitates of β-cyclodextrin/avermectins inclusion compounds reveal insecticide activity against aedes aegypti larvae and low toxicity against fibroblasts.in the present work, hydrophobic nanoprecipitates (hnps) of inclusion complexes formed between β-cyclodextrin (βcd) and the avermectins (avms) named eprinomectin (epri) and ivermectin (iver) were synthesized and characterized, and their larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti and human safety against fibroblasts were evaluated. initially, thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis data revealed that inclusion increased the thermal stability of avms in the presence of βcd. nuclear ...201829925239
field testing & evaluation of the efficacy & duration of effectiveness of a biolarvicide, bactivec® sc (bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis sh-14) in bengaluru, india.different formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) have been tested against different mosquito vectors and other insects for their residual activity. in the present study, the efficacy and residual activity of a new formulation of bti (bactivec suspension concentrate) were evaluated against immature stages of anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae), aedes aegypti linnaeus (diptera: culicidae) and culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae), in natural habitats in ...201829923520
identification of aedes aegypti cis-regulatory elements that promote gene expression in olfactory receptor neurons of distantly related dipteran insects.sophisticated tools for manipulation of gene expression in select neurons, including neurons that regulate sexually dimorphic behaviors, are increasingly available for analysis of genetic model organisms. however, we lack comparable genetic tools for analysis of non-model organisms, including aedes aegypti, a vector mosquito which displays sexually dimorphic behaviors that contribute to pathogen transmission. formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements followed by sequencing (faire-se ...201829996889
tropomyosins in mosquito and house dust mite cross-react at the humoral and cellular level.aedes aegypti and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus contain important allergens including cross-reactive tropomyosins. however, the functional and clinical relevance of their cross-reactivity is still debated.201829992665
mosquito arbovirus survey in selected areas of kenya: detection of insect-specific virus.many arboviral outbreaks have occurred in various locations in kenya. entomological surveys are suitable methods for revealing information about circulating arboviruses before human outbreaks are recognized. therefore, mosquitoes were collected in kenya to determine the distribution of arboviruses.201829991925
environmentally-friendly green approach for the production of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their anti-fungal, ovicidal, and larvicidal properties.green synthesis of nanoparticles can be an important alternative compared to conventional physio-chemical synthesis. we utilized scadoxus multiflorus leaf powder aqueous extract as a capping and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of pure zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno nps). further, the synthesized zno nps were subjected to various characterization techniques. transmission electron microscope (tem) analysis showed an irregular spherical shape, with an average particle size of 31 ± 2 nm. furtherm ...201829986435
molecular aspects of the dengue virus infection process: a review.at the present time, dengue is one of the most important arboviruses affecting man, becoming a serious global public health problem, especially in subtropical and tropical countries, where environmental conditions favor the development and proliferation of the mosquito aedes aegypti. dengue is caused by a type of flavivírus, which is an enveloped virus of spherical geometry. nowadays, it is one of the diseases with the highest incidence in brazil, reaching the population of all states, regardles ...201829984641
aedes aegypti in the black sea: recent introduction or ancient remnant?the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti transmits viral diseases that have plagued humans for centuries. its ancestral home are forests of africa and ~400-600 years ago it invaded the new world and later europe and asia, causing some of the largest epidemics in human history. the species was rarely detected in countries surrounding the mediterranean sea after the 1950s, but during the last 16 years it re-appeared in madeira, russia and in the eastern coast of the black sea. we genotyped ae. aegy ...201829980229
west nile virus and other mosquito-borne viruses present in eastern europe.eastern europe (ee) has been severely affected by mosquito-borne viruses (moboviruses). in this review, we summarize the epidemiology of moboviruses, with particular attention to west nile virus (wnv). the study of wnv human cases in ee between 2010 and 2016, revealed that the epidemiology of wnv in ee is complex with the combination of introduction of different wnv strains from lineages 1 and 2, and the establishment of endemic cycles. we found a positive correlation between the risk of wnv re- ...201829979950
both living bacteria and eukaryotes in the mosquito gut promote growth of larvae.we recently reported that larval stage aedes aegypti and several other species of mosquitoes grow when living bacteria are present in the gut but do not grow when living bacteria are absent. we further reported that living bacteria induce a hypoxia signal in the gut, which activates hypoxia-induced transcription factors and other processes larvae require for growth. in this study we assessed whether other types of organisms induce mosquito larvae to grow and asked if the density of non-living mi ...201829979680
variation in temephos resistance in field populations of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in the state of sergipe, northeast brazil.the organophosphate temephos was first used in brazil in the 1960s for the control of aedes aegypti. because of its extensive and longstanding use worldwide, selection for mosquito populations resistant to the chemical has been observed not only in different regions of brazil but also in several parts of the world. the objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of ae. aegypti to the organophosphate temephos, a larvicide used in vector control activities in sergipe/northeast brazi ...201829972557
zika virus: - a review of the main aspects of this type of arbovirosis.the objective of this study was to integrate findings related to zika virus from the scientific literature. an integrative review of medline was conducted, and data search was performed using the health sciences descriptor zika virus and the following filters: full texts available; studies in humans; full articles; and publications in portuguese, french, english, and spanish. after application of the filters, followed by reading of the titles, abstracts, and full texts, 44 studies were included ...201829972554
modelling the distribution of the vector aedes aegypti in a central argentine city.aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) is an urban mosquito involved in the transmission of numerous viruses, including dengue, chikungunya and zika. in argentina, ae. aegypti is the main vector of dengue virus and has been involved in several outbreaks in regions ranging from northern to central argentina since 2009. in order to evaluate areas of potential vector-borne disease transmission in the city of córdoba, argentina, the present study aimed to identify the environmental, socioeconomic and de ...201830027565
assessment of insecticide resistance in primary dengue vector, aedes aegypti (linn.) from northern districts of west bengal, india.aedes mosquitoes are the major vectors transmitting several arboviral diseases such as dengue, zika and chikungunya worldwide. northern districts of west bengal is home to several epidemics vectored by mosquito including dengue infections, proper control of which depends on efficient vector control. however the onset of insecticide resistance has resulted in failure of vector control approaches. this study was carried out to unveil the level of insecticide resistance prevailing among the primary ...201830026024
copy number variation (cnv) and insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: evolving knowledge or an evolving problem?copy number variation (cnv) in insect genomes is a rich source of potentially adaptive polymorphism which may help overcome the constraints of purifying selection on conserved genes and/or permit elevated transcription. classic studies of amplified esterases and acetylcholinesterase duplication in culex pipiens quantified evolutionary dynamics of cnv driven by insecticidal selection. a more complex and potentially medically impactful form of cnv is found in anopheles gambiae, with both heterogen ...201830025639
melanization of dirofilaria immitis larvae in different culicid species.dirofilaria immitis is an important filarioid transmitted by culicids. the vector role of these arthropods may be influenced by biological events as melanization against d. immitis larvae. this study aimed to detect the occurrence of melanization in culex quinquefasciatus, aedes (stegomyia) aegypti and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus experimentally infected with d. immitis.201830018997
the use of insecticide-treated curtains for control of aedes aegypti and dengue virus transmission in "fraccionamiento" style houses in méxico.dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and zika viruses transmitted by aedes aegypti mosquitoes are major public health threats in the tropical and subtropical world. in méxico, construction of large tracts of "fraccionamientos" high density housing to accommodate population growth and urbanization has provided fertile ground for ae. aegypti-transmitted viruses. we investigated the utility of pyrethroid-treated window curtains to reduce both the abundance of ae. aegypti and to prevent dengue virus ( ...201830018645
zika virus outbreak in the pacific: vector competence of regional vectors.in 2013, zika virus (zikv) emerged in french polynesia and spread through the pacific region between 2013 and 2017. several potential aedes mosquitoes may have contributed to the zikv transmission including aedes aegypti, the main arbovirus vector in the region, and aedes polynesiensis, vector of lymphatic filariasis and secondary vector of dengue virus. the aim of this study was to analyze the ability of these two pacific vectors to transmit zikv at a regional scale, through the evaluation and ...201830016372
molecular characterization of the cry gene profile of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from a caribbean region of colombia.in order to characterize native strains of bacillus thuringiensis of the colombian caribbean with toxic effect against insect vectors, 28 samples of bacteria identified as b. thuringiensis were isolated from different soils and muds around the city of valledupar. using a biological test, five isolates of b. thuringiensis showed toxic effect against larvae of aedes aegypti. pcr methods were used to detect cry1, cry2, cry4b, cry10 and cyt1 genes. cry1 and cry2 genes were detected in 35.7% and 32.1 ...201830015421
evidence of vertical transmission of zika virus in field-collected eggs of aedes aegypti in the brazilian amazon.arboviruses are viruses transmitted to humans and other animals by the bite of hematophagous arthropods. infections caused by chikungunya virus (chikv), dengue virus (denv), zika virus (zikv), and the deadlier yellow fever virus (yfv) are current public health problems in several countries, mainly those located in tropical and subtropical regions. one of the main prevention strategies continues to be vector control, with the elimination of breeding sites and surveillance of infested areas. the u ...201830011278
transmission potential of mayaro virus in florida aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes.mayaro virus (mayv) is an emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus present in central and south america that causes arthralgia and febrile illness. domestic mosquitoes aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and aedes albopictus are potential vectors of mayv that may allow for transmission to humans in urban settings. the present paper assesses susceptibility to infection, disseminated infection and transmission potential in florida ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus for mayv. oral infection was significantly h ...201830006976
the occurrence, diversity and blood feeding patterns of potential vectors of dengue and yellow fever in kacheliba, west pokot county, kenya.yellow fever (yf) and dengue (den) viruses are important re-emerging mosquito-borne viruses sharing similar vectors and reservoirs. the last documented yf outbreak in kenya occurred in 1992-95. however, yf virus is re-emerging in bordering countries including uganda, ethiopia and south sudan with the potential for spread to the neighboring regions in kenya. dengue is endemic in kenya with outbreaks being detected in various towns in the north and the coast. this study reports on the aedes (stego ...201830006028
synergy in the adulticidal efficacy of essential oils for the improvement of permethrin toxicity against aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae).in a previous screening program for mosquitocides from local edible plants in thailand, essential oils (eos) of cyperus rotundus, alpinia galanga and cinnamomum verum, were found to possess promising adulticidal activity against aedes aegypti. with the aim of reducing usage of conventional insecticides and improving the management of resistant mosquito populations, this study was designed to determine the potential synergism in the adulticidal efficacy of eos on permethrin toxicity against ae. a ...201830005688
epidemiological significance of dengue virus genetic variation in mosquito infection dynamics.the kinetics of arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmission by their vectors have long been recognized as a powerful determinant of arbovirus epidemiology. the time interval between virus acquisition and transmission by the vector, termed extrinsic incubation period (eip), combines with vector mortality rate and vector competence to determine the proportion of infected vectors that eventually become infectious. however, the dynamic nature of this process, and the amount of natural variation i ...201830005085
the c-type lectin domain gene family in aedes aegypti and their role in arbovirus infection.several medically important flaviviruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes have been shown to bind to the c-type lectin fold that is present in either vertebrate or invertebrate proteins. while in some cases this interaction is part of a neutralizing anti-viral immune response, many reports have implicated this as critical for successful virus entry. despite the establishment of mosquito c-type lectin domain containing proteins (ctldcps) as known host factors in assisting the infectious process ...201830002303
optimization of cationic (q)-paper for detection of arboviruses in infected mosquitoes.previously (glushakova et al. 2017), a cellulose-based cationic (q) paper derivatized with quaternary ammonium groups was shown to be a convenient platform to collect, preserve, and store nucleic acids (nas) derived from mosquito vectors infected with pathogens for surveillance. nas bind electrostatically to q-paper, but the quantity of na bound depends on the paper's binding capacity. to optimize the original technology for mosquito surveillance, factors that affected na absorbance on q-paper w ...201830099053
discovery and high prevalence of phasi charoen-like virus in field-captured aedes aegypti in south china.arboviruses have caused significant global health concerns during the past decade. in this regard, continuous viral surveillance is essential to timely identify emerging arboviruses and other novel viruses. here, a novel isolate of phasi charoen-like virus (pclv zhanjiang01) was identified from field-captured aedes aegypti mosquitoes in zhanjiang by next generation sequencing. phylogenetic analysis suggested that pclv zhanjiang01 belonged to the genus phasivirus in the family phenuiviridae. the ...201830077072
managing aedes aegypti populations in the first zika transmission zones in the continental united states.the african zika virus swept across the pacific, reaching the new world in 2014. in july, 2016, miami-dade county, florida became the locus of the first mosquito-borne zika transmission zones in the continental united states. control efforts were guided by the centers for disease control and prevention, including aerial and truck sprays of adulticides and larvicides. to improve our understanding of how best to fight zika transmission in an urban environment in the developed world, trap counts of ...201830075097
genetic characterization of chikungunya viruses isolated during the 2015-2017 outbreaks in different states of india, based on their e1 and e2 genes.during 2015-2017, chikungunya virus (chikv) showed a resurgence in several parts of india with karnataka, maharashtra and new delhi accounting for a majority of the cases. e2-e1 gene based characterization revealed indian subcontinent sublineage strains possessing aedes aegypti mosquito-adaptive mutations e1: k211e and e2:v264a, with the 211 site positively selected. novel mutational sites e1: k16e/q, e1: k132q/t, e1: s355t, e2: c19r and e2:s185y could be associated with epitopes or virulence de ...201830073419
a low-cost, battery-powered acoustic trap for surveilling male aedes aegypti during rear-and-release operations.the aedes aegypti mosquito is a primary vector of several serious arboviruses throughout the world and is therefore of great concern to many public health organizations. with vector control methodology pivoting towards rearing and releasing large numbers of genetically modified, sterilized, or wolbachia-infected male mosquitoes to control vector populations, economical surveillance methods for release tracking becomes increasingly necessary. previous work has identified that male ae. aegypti are ...201830071091
rapid evolution and the genomic consequences of selection against interspecific mating.while few species introduced into a new environment become invasive, those that do provide critical information on ecological mechanisms that determine invasions success and the evolutionary responses that follow invasion. aedes albopictus (the asian tiger mosquito) was introduced into the naturalized range of aedes aegypti (the yellow fever mosquito) in the united states in the mid-1980s, resulting in the displacement of a. aegypti in much of the south-eastern united states. the rapid displacem ...201830069966
small females prefer small males: size assortative mating in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.with aedes aegypti mosquitoes now being released in field programmes aimed at disease suppression, there is interest in identifying factors influencing the mating and invasion success of released mosquitoes. one factor that can increase release success is size: released males may benefit competitively from being larger than their field counterparts. however, there could be a risk in releasing only large males if small field females avoid these males and instead prefer small males. here we invest ...201830068363
a gustatory receptor used for rapid detection of tyrophagus putrescentiae in fungi hosts.the storage mite, tyrophagus putrescentiae, found worldwide in many habitats, is an important pest of edible fungi in china. storage mites are tiny and difficult to observe, especially when they occur in fungi composts. in this study, one gustatory receptor protein (tputgr1) was identified from the transcriptome of t. putrescentiae. phylogenetic analysis of grs families from 10 arthropod species revealed that tputgr1 had high homology with the sccagr1 of sarcoptes scabiei and turtgr1-2 of tetran ...201830061635
juvenile hormone-regulated alternative splicing of the taiman gene primes the ecdysteroid response in adult mosquitoes.juvenile hormone (jh) regulates many aspects of insect development and reproduction. in some processes, jh plays a critical role in defining the action of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e). in aedes aegypti mosquitoes, jh prepares newly emerged female adults to become competent to synthesize vitellogenin in response to 20e after blood ingestion. the molecular basis of this competence is still not well understood. here, we report that jh regulates pre-mrna splicing of the taiman gene, ...201830061397
comparing the effectiveness of different strains of wolbachia for controlling chikungunya, dengue fever, and zika.once aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes that spread chikungunya virus, dengue virus, and zika virus are infected with wolbachia, they have reduced egg laying rates, reduced transmission abilities, and shorter lifespans. since most infected mosquitoes are only infectious in the last few days of their lives, shortening a mosquito's lifespan by a day or two can greatly reduce their abilities to spread mosquito-borne viral diseases, such as chikungunya, dengue fever, and zika. we develope ...201830059498
modeling the importation and local transmission of vector-borne diseases in florida: the case of zika outbreak in 2016.chikungunya, dengue, and zika viruses are all transmitted by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquito species, had been imported to florida and caused local outbreaks. we propose a deterministic model to study the importation and local transmission of these mosquito-borne diseases. the purpose is to model and mimic the importation of these viruses to florida via travelers, local infections in domestic mosquitoes by imported travelers, and finally non-travel related transmissions to local huma ...201830053386
modifying the biogents sentinel trap to increase the longevity of captured aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) is a vector of viruses causing dengue, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever and subsequently pose a significant global threat to public health. while sampling live mosquitoes is useful for surveillance purposes, most traps targeting aedes kill captured mosquitoes. the biogents sentinel (bgs) trap, the gold standard for capturing ae. aegypti, is one such trap. in our study, we modified the bgs trap to increase the survival of captured ae. aegypti by replacin ...201830053026
experimental study of the susceptibility of a european aedes albopictus strain to dengue virus under a simulated mediterranean temperature regime.dengue virus (denv) has re-emerged in europe driven by the geographic expansion of the mosquito species aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and the introduction of the virus by viraemic travellers. in the present study, the vector competence (vc) of ae. albopictus collected in catalonia (northeast spain) was evaluated for two different denv strains, denv-1 and denv-2, the serotypes responsible for all outbreaks of dengue that have occurred in europe. mosquitoes were reared un ...201830051490
larvicidal effectiveness of azolla pinnata against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) with its effects on larval morphology and visualization of behavioural response.dengue is vector-borne diseases with 390 million infections per year extending over 120 countries of the world. aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) is a primary vector for dengue viral infections for humans. current focus on application of natural product against mosquito vectors has been the main priority for research due to its eco-safety. the extensive use of chemical insecticides has led to severe health problems, environmental pollution, toxic hazards to human and nontarget species, and ...201830050688
the impact of the age of first blood meal and zika virus infection on aedes aegypti egg production and longevity.the impact of senescence and pathogen infection on aedes aegypti life-history traits remains poorly understood. this laboratory study focused on the impact of zika virus (zikv) infection and the age of first blood intake on blood meal and clutch sizes, and more importantly on the egg production ratio per μl of blood. three groups of zikv-infected and uninfected ae. aegypti females that received their first blood meal at 7 (young feeders), 14 (mature feeders) and 21 days old (old feeders) were mo ...201830048481
characterization of dengue virus in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus spp. of mosquitoes: a study in khyber pakhtunkhwa, pakistan.dengue is a vector-borne disease caused by dengue virus. according to the recent report of cdc that one-third population of the world are at high risk with dengue fever. the prevalence of the dengue hemorrhagic fever was found more in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. aedes mosquitoes was reported as the main cause of transmission of dengue virus. so the current study was planned to characterize the virus in aedes mosquitoes collected from different area of pakistan. in current inv ...201830046621
specific human antibody responses to aedes aegypti and aedes polynesiensis saliva: a new epidemiological tool to assess human exposure to disease vectors in the pacific.aedes mosquitoes severely affect the health and wellbeing of human populations by transmitting infectious diseases. in french polynesia, aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika, and aedes polynesiensis the primary vector of bancroftian filariasis and a secondary vector of arboviruses. tools for assessing the risk of disease transmission or for measuring the efficacy of vector control programmes are scarce. a promising approach to quantify the human-vector contact relies ...201830040826
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