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cloning and expression analysis of the bombyx mori α-amylase gene (amy) from the indigenous thai silkworm strain, nanglai.α-amylase is a common enzyme for hydrolyzing starch. in the silkworm, bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera: bombycidae), α-amylase is found in both digestive fluid and hemolymph. here, the complete genomic sequence of the amy gene encoding α-amylase from a local thai silkworm, the nanglai strain, was obtained. this gene was 7981 bp long with 9 exons. the full length amy cdna sequence was 1749 bp containing a 1503 bp open reading frame. the orf encoded 500 amino acid residues. the deduced protein showed 8 ...021529256
infection dynamics of western equine encephalomyelitis virus (togaviridae: alphavirus) in four strains of culex tarsalis (diptera: culicidae): an immunocytochemical study.background: vector competence describes the efficiency with which vector arthropods become infected with and transmit pathogens and depends on interactions between pathogen and arthropod genetics as well as environmental factors. for arbovirus transmission, the female mosquito ingests viremic blood, the virus infects and replicates in midgut cells, escapes from the midgut, and disseminates to other tissues, including the salivary glands. virus-laden saliva is then injected into a new host. for t ...022629118
the poly(a) polymerase gld2 is required for spermatogenesis in drosophila melanogaster.the dna of a developing sperm is normally inaccessible for transcription for part of spermatogenesis in many animals. in drosophila melanogaster, many transcripts needed for late spermatid differentiation are synthesized in pre-meiotic spermatocytes, but are not translated until later stages. thus, post-transcriptional control mechanisms are required to decouple transcription and translation during spermatogenesis. in the female germline, developing germ cells accomplish similar decoupling throu ...021427144
visceral leishmaniasis in far western nepal: another case and concerns about a new area of endemicity. 021363996
male mating history and body size influence female fecundity and longevity of the dengue vector aedes aegypti.male reproductive success is dependent on insemination success and reproductive output. during mating, male mosquitoes transfer not just sperm, but also seminal fluid proteins that may have profound effects on mated female biology and behavior. in this study, we investigated the role of male body size and mating history on semen depletion, female longevity, and reproductive success in aedes aegypti l. small and large males were mated in rapid succession with up to five females. our results indic ...021485355
proteome changes in the plasma of pieris rapae parasitized by the endoparasitoid wasp pteromalus puparum.parasitism by the endoparasitoid wasp pteromalus puparum causes alterations in the plasma proteins of pieris rapae. analysis of plasma proteins using a proteomic approach showed that seven proteins were differentially expressed in the host pupae after 24-h parasitism. they were masquerade-like serine proteinase homolog (msph), enolase (eno), bilin-binding protein (bbp), imaginal disc growth factor (idgf), ornithine decarboxylase (odc), cellular retinoic acid binding protein (crabp), and one unkn ...021265041
ecoepidemiologia del dengue: relevancia de dos vectores invasores. 025284912
characterization of cry2-type genes of bacillus thuringiensis strains from soilisolated of sichuan basin, china.sichuan basin, situated in the west of china, is the fourth biggest basin in china. in order to describe a systematic study of the cry2-type genes resources from bacillus thuringiensis strains of sichuan basin, a total of 791 bacillus thuringiensis strains have been screened from 2650 soil samples in different ecological regions. the method of pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) was used to identify the type of cry2 genes. the results showed that 322 bacillus thuringiensis st ...024031615
bilateral premacular subhyaloid hemorrhage in dengue fever. 022454709
sampling considerations for designing aedes aegypti (diptera:culicidae) oviposition studies in iquitos, peru: substrate preference, diurnal periodicity, and gonotrophic cycle length.when devising methods to sample aedes aegypti (l.) eggs from naturally-occurring containers to investigate selective oviposition, failure to take into account certain aspects of ae. aegypti behavior can bias study inferences. in iquitos, peru, we tested three assumptions related to designing ae. aegypti oviposition field studies, as follows: 1) lining containers with paper as an oviposition substrate does not affect oviposition; 2) diurnal egg-laying activity peaks in the late afternoon or early ...021337947
differential selection within the drosophila retinal determination network and evidence for functional divergence between paralog pairs.the retinal determination (rd) network in drosophila comprises 14 known nuclear proteins that include dna-binding proteins, transcriptional coactivators, kinases, and phosphatases. the composition of the network varies considerably throughout the animal kingdom, with the network in several basal insects having fewer members and with vertebrates having potentially significantly higher numbers of rd genes. one important contributing factor for the variation in gene number within the network is gen ...021210943
prevalence of chikungunya in urban field practice area of a private medical college, chennai.the outbreak of chikungunya in india started during december 2005 with more than 11,00,000 cases. many cases with symptoms suggestive of chikungunya reported to our urban health-training centre. hence this study was done to estimate the prevalence of chikungunya, to study the common treatment-seeking behavior, control measures and the sequalae of chikungunya by follow-up.021976797
discrete pulses of molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, during late larval development of drosophila melanogaster: correlations with changes in gene activity.periodic pulses of the insect steroid molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), acting via its nuclear receptor complex (ecr/usp), control gene expression at many stages throughout drosophila development. however, during the last larval instar of some lepidopteran insects, subtle changes in titers of ecdysteroids have been documented, including the so-called "commitment peak." this small elevation of 20e reprograms the larva for metamorphosis to the pupa. similar periods of ecdysteroid immunorea ...016273522
the drosophila microrna iab-4 causes a dominant homeotic transformation of halteres to wings.the drosophila bithorax complex encodes three well-characterized homeodomain proteins that direct segment identity, as well as several noncoding rnas of unknown function. here, we analyze the iab-4 locus, which produces the micrornas iab-4-5p and iab-4-3p. iab-4 is analogous to mir-196 in vertebrate hox clusters. previous studies demonstrate that mir-196 interacts with the hoxb8 3' untranslated region. evidence is presented that mir-iab-4-5p directly inhibits ubx activity in vivo. ectopic expres ...016357215
concerning the geographic distribution of the yellow fever mosquito. 190319601151
the yellow-fever mosquito. 190617737726
the incubation period of yellow fever in the mosquito.1. the yellow fever virus was found in infectious form in aedes aegypti throughout the entire period of the extrinsic incubation, as demonstrated by the injection of the bodies of mosquitoes into normal rhesus monkeys at daily intervals after the insects had fed on an infected animal. 2. the virus was transmitted through the bite of the mosquitoes, in one experiment on and after the 9th day, and in two experiments on the 12th day after the initial infecting feed. 3. the pathologic changes produc ...192819869467
possibility of hereditary transmission of yellow fever virus by aedes aegypti (linn.).attempts to obtain passage of yellow fever virus from one generation to the next in a. aegypti were unsuccessful. subcutaneous injections at varying intervals of a saline emulsion of 200 eggs laid by an infective lot of mosquitoes produced no reaction in six normal m. rhesus monkeys. negative results were also obtained in five biting and two injection experiments with progeny of the same infective lot of mosquitoes in which seven normal monkeys were used. the eggs consisted of batches laid after ...192919869656
the filtrability of yellow fever virus as existing in the mosquito.the virus of yellow fever as it exists in aëdes aegypti mosquitoes, both in their so-called infective stage and in the intermediate condition termed the "incubation period", is capable of passing through berkefeld n filters when suspended in normal monkey serum, although earlier investigators have shown that the virus from infective mosquitoes will not do so when suspended in physiological salt solution. the virus of yellow fever as it exists in mosquitoes behaves with regard to filtration throu ...192919869658
studies on yellow fever in south america : iv. transmission experiments with aedes aegypti.1. batches of aëdes (stegomyia) aegypti which had fed on monkeys in the early febrile stage of yellow fever and which has subsequently passed the usually accepted extrinsic incubation period for the virus, failed to transmit the disease to normal monkeys in approximately fifty per cent of the experiments. during the same time over eighty per cent of blood transfers were successful. 2. the monkeys which failed to show fever following mosquito bites later proved resistant to the inoculation of blo ...192919869665
recent laboratory contributions to the control of yellow fever: (section of tropical diseases and parasitology).the most important recent laboratory contributions to the control of yellow fever will be briefly summarized under three headings: (1) methods of diagnosis, (2) transmission, and (3) protection.(1) methods of diagnosis.-the development of improved methods of identification, in particular by immunity tests, has made it possible to diagnose yellow fever with much greater certainty. moreover, since the immunity following an attack of the disease is usually of life-long duration, it is possible to d ...193319989606
the transmission of equine encephalomyelitis virus by aedes aegypti.in confirming kelser's work on the transmission of equine encephalomyelitis of the western type by aëdes aegypti it has been learned that the mosquitoes must be fed virus of high titer if positive results are to be secured. a period of from 4 to 5 days after feeding either on infected guinea pigs or on brain containing virus must elapse before the disease is transmitted by biting, but after this time transmission regularly results for a period of about 2 months. by inoculation, virus can be demo ...193519870442
a practical way of dealing with ædes ægypti (stegomyia fasciata) mosquito breeding in country craft. 193629013069
a practical way of dealing with ædes ægypti (stegomyia fasciata) mosquito breeding in country craft. 193629012997
the multiplication of the virus of yellow fever in aedes aegypti.aëdes aegypti have been shown to be capable of multiplying the asibi strain of yellow fever virus in their bodies. following the ingestion of infected blood, the content of virus falls for several days, reaching a minimum during the 1st week. it then increases rapidly until quantities of virus greater than those previously encountered can be demonstrated. the actual final amount of virus demonstrable, however, is subject to variations of which we know little.193719870651
control of stegomyia fasciata (ædes ægypti) mosquitoes in indian country craft by a mosquito-proof metal cap (bennett pattern) for drinking-water receptacles. 193829014217
the absence from the urine of pernicious anemia patients of a mosquito growth factor present in normal urine.extracts prepared from the urine of normal persons or patients with aplastic anemia or leukemia contain a substance, possibly flavine or a flavine compound, which under suitable conditions of test enhances the growth of larvae of the mosquito, aëdes aegypti. this substance is lacking, or is present in much smaller amount, in extracts from the urine of pernicious anemia patients showing symptoms of the disease. extracts from the urine of the same patients after adequate treatment contain as much ...193819870733
measures instituted for the control of aëdes aegypti. 194018015233
aedes aegypti linnaeus, the yellow fever mosquito, in central missouri. 194217752151
occurrence of aedes aegypti in british guiana. 194520998212
winter survival of aedes aegypti in houston, texas. 194620995756
chlorine as a possible ovicide for aedes aegypti eggs. 194621027331
experiments upon the feeding of aedes aegypti through animal membranes with a view to applying this method to the chemotherapy of malaria. 194621014255
studies on cyclic passage of yellow fever virus in south american mammals and mosquitoes; marmosets (callithrix penicillata and leontocebus chrysomelas) in combination with aedes aegypti. 194620996629
observations on the effect of microclimate on biting by aëdes aegypti (l.) (dipt., culicid.). 194718920748
aedes aegypti control in the absence of a piped potable water supply. 194718897110
further observations on the nutritional requirements of the larva of aedes aegypti l. 194720269871
ddt and aedes aegypti control in british guiana. 194720264247
the inhibition of growth of larvae of aedes aegypti by certain anti-malarial drugs. 194720265407
practical laboratory methods for quantity rearing and handling of aedes aegypti mosquitoes to be infected with plasmodium gallinaceum. 194720266394
physiological factors which influence the infection of aedes aegypti with plasmodium gallinaceum. 194720279328
failure of aedes aegypti and culex pipiens to transmit plasmodium vaughani. 194720294091
mortality of aedes aegypti feeding on rabbits receiving oral gammexane. 194720344387
toxicity of limewash containing ddt or gammexane to mosquitos, aëdes aegypti, l. 194818865550
extermination of aëdes aegypti in khartoum. 194818900760
the nutrition of the larva of aëdes aegypti linnaeus; protein and amino-acid requirements. 194818122654
the nutrition of the larva of aëdes aegypti linnaeus; lipid requirements. 194818105885
the nutrition of the larva of aëdes aegypti linnaeus. 4. protein and amino-acid requirements. 194816748417
the nutrition of the larva of aëdes aegypti linnaeus. 3. lipid requirements. 194816748416
stimuli involved in the attraction of aedes aegypti, l., to man. 194818104364
the effect of artificial blood meals containing the hydroxynaphthoquinone m2279 on the developmental cycle pf plasmodium gallinaceum in aedes aegypti. 194818864109
the effect of one plant extract and of certain drugs on the development of plasmodium gallinaceum in aedes aegypti. 194818867818
studies on cyclic passage of yellow fever virus in south american mammals and mosquitoes; marsupials (metachirus nudicaudatus and marmosa) in combination with aedes aegypti as vector. 194818898700
aedes aegypti and other mosquito control measures in port sudan. 194915408260
rearing of anopheles quadrimaculatus say and aedes aegypti (l.) in the laboratory. 194915406584
bioassay systems for the pyrethrins; water-base sprays against aëdes aegypti l. and other flying insects. 194918151949
experiments in crossing aedes (stegomyia) aegypti linnaeus and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus skuse. 194917800955
relative susceptibility of aëdes aegypti, aëdes albopictus, aëdes canadensis and anopheles quadrimaculatus to plasmodium gallinaceum. 194918137143
[attempt at control of aedes aegypti by application of ddt in water tanks]. 195014783641
[control of aedes aegypti in chile]. 195015411454
a method of infecting aedes aegypti with plasmodium gallinaceum from chick embryos. 195014795205
arrest of development of plasmodium gallinaceum in mosquitoes (aedes aegypti) by radiation effect of p32 1,2. 195015424666
[eradication of aedes aegypti and control of yellow fever; four year continental program]. 195114886443
[results of ddt application in french guiana; destruction of the aedes aegypti and spectabular reduction of malaria]. 195124541063
[innocuousness of the addition of 1 ppm of ddt to drinking water for the eradication of aedes aegypti]. 195114821037
estimation of traces of ddt using aedes aegypti larvae as a biological indicator. 195114817816
some nutritional requirements of adult mosquitoes (aedes aegypti) for oviposition. 195114851026
studies on plasmodium gallinaceum. i. characteristics of the infection in the mosquito, aedes aegypti. 195114846794
studies on plasmodium gallinaceum. iv. a comparison of the susceptibility of aedes aegypti, anopheles quadrimaculatus and anopheles freeborni. 195214933391
the mechanism of the transmission of myxomatosis in the european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) by the mosquito aedes aegypti. 195214934625
healing of gut wounds in the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) and the leafhopper orosius argentatus (ev.). 195313126036
transmission of a west nile-like virus by aedes aegypti. 195313090296
[monthly report on eradication of aedes aegypti in american countries, january, 1953]. 195313066562
the cutaneous reaction to the bite of the mosquito aëdes aegypti (l.) and its alleviation by the topical application of an antihistaminic cream (pyribenzamine). 195313044474
[monthly report on the progress of campaign for eradication of aedes aegypti in american countries, october, 1952]. 195313051435
aedes aegypti surveys in three cities in alabama in 1952. 195313023298
[monthly report on the campaign of eradication of aedes aegypti in american countries, september, 1952]. 195313041772
the growth stimulating effect of apf, terramycin hydrochloride, vitamin b12 and an undetermined factor x upon aedes aegypti (l) diptera, culicidae. 195313007931
control of malaria in mauritius; eradication of anopheles funestus and aedes aegypti. 195313077717
studies on the intake of microfilariae by their insect vectors, their survival, and their effect on the survival of their vectors. i. dirofilaria immitis and aëdes aegypti. 195313080982
[monthly report on the aedes aegypti control program in american countries and territories]. 195414363372
a preliminary aedes aegypti survey. 195414355279
residual effect of ddt in a controlled area of british guiana tested by the continued release of anopheles darlingi and aedes aegypti: a practical technique for the standardized evaluation of over-all residual efficiency under field conditions. 195413216955
[monthly report on the campaign of eradication of aedes aegypti in american countries and territories]. 195413230222
[monthly report on eradication of aedes aegypti in american countries]. 195413181996
[technical bases and standards of evaluation of the campaign against aedes aegypti]. 195413181984
[monthly report on eradication of aedes aegypti in american countries, december, 1953]. 195413181976
observation on the biology of west nile virus, with special reference to its behaviour in the mosquito aëdes aegypti. 195413149118
studies on the north american arthropod-borne encephalitides. vii. estimation of amount of eastern equine encephalitis virus inoculated by infected aedes aegypti. 195413207100
the yellow fever situation in africa.while the twentieth century has produced great developments in the epidemiology of yellow fever and in techniques for its control in urban areas, the essential method of control has not changed: it is still the elimination of the urban vector, aëdes aegypti. the aim of those responsible for yellow fever control in africa should be the eradication of this vector from all urban communities in the endemic area. in the case of sylvan yellow fever, complete control of the vectors is not yet possible, ...195413209300
the transmission of semliki forest virus by aedes aegypti. 195413212871
[infectibility of aedes aegypti from chicks infected with plasmodium gallinaceum in incubation stage]. 195414355424
behaviour differences in two strains of aëdes aegypti. 195513244634
[report of march, 1955, on the campaign of eradication of aedes aegypti in the countries and territories of the americas]. 195513260399
[report of the month of january 1955 on the eradication campaign of aedes aegypti in the countries and territories of the americas]. 195513260397
[campaign of eradication of aedes aegypti in the americas; its organization, development and results since december 1954]. 195513260395
[monthly report on the campaign of eradication of aedes aegypti in the countries and territories of the americas]. 195514389431
the laboratory transmission of yellow fever by aëdes (stegomyia) aegypti (linnaeus) from malaya. 195514362420
studies on the intake of microfilariae by their insect vectors, their survival, and their effect on the survival of their vectors. vii. further observations on the intake of the microfilariae of dirofilaria immitis by aedes aegypti in laboratory conditions: the pattern of the intake of a group of flies. 195513239083
the comparative morphological and physiological effects of various drugs on the sporogonous cycle of plasmodium gallinaceum in aedes aegypti. 195513271507
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