Publications

use of mycelial suspension and metabolites of paecilomyces lilacinus (fungi: hyphomycetes) in control of aedes aegypti larvae.	mycelial suspension of possible was assessed to examine its paecilomyces lilanicus, a fungus, detrimental effects on fourth instar larvae of aedes aegypti. the immature stages suffered 64-68% mortality with 0.5-1% mycelial suspension. there was 12-16% adult emergence which was statistically significant (p < 001). czapeckdox and pyg media metabolites were used against the third instar larvae in various concentrations. the effects were evaluated on several parameters like mortality, mean survival ...	1999	10916617
aedes aegypti (l) in port blair, andaman and nicobar islands-distribution and larval ecology.	a comprehensive survey was carried out in the port blair town in andaman and nicobar islands, in order to study the distribution and relative prevalence of aedes aegypti during the monsoon (july'1997-october'1997) season using larval survey and adult collection methods. ae. aegypti was found in all 21 localities surveyed. spatial variations in distribution was evident which was closely related to population density. the nature of the larval habitats was observed to be similar in all the localiti ...	1999	10916616
failure of dengue-2 virus antibody to interfere with the isolation of dengue-2 virus from aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	when isolating dengue virus (den) from mosquitoes collected in endemic areas, pools may contain both anti-dengue antibodies from freshly engorged females and virus from den infected females. to determine if these antibodies may interfere with virus isolation, we simulated the isolation procedure using aedes aegypti (l.) that we infected with the 16,681 strain of dengue type 2 virus by intrathoracic inoculation. at 7 d postinfection, we allowed females to engorge on immunized or normal mouse bloo ...	2000	10916310
behavior of resting aedes aegypti (culicidae: diptera) and its relation to ultra-low volume adulticide efficacy in panama city, panama.	the resting behavior of aedes aegypti (l.) adults was investigated in 14 districts of panama city, panama, in relation to ground ultra-low volume (ulv) applications of malathion. adults primarily rested inside the premises (75.1%) at a distance > 6 m from the street (86.4%). both sexes rested mainly in bedrooms, living rooms, and bathrooms. the small ulv aerosol droplets (2-4 microns) penetrated all indoor resting sites of ae. aegypti, but in low amounts. because of the low amount of insecticide ...	2000	10916294
laboratory and field evaluation of polymerase chain reaction-based forensic dna profiling for use in identification of human blood meal sources of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	we modified polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based forensic dna profiling for field studies on the feeding behavior of aedes aegypti, the principal mosquito vector of dengue virus. human dna was extracted from oral swabs of human subjects and from blood-engorged mosquitoes, dna was quantified by slot blot, and alleles at variable number tandem repeats and three short tandem repeats loci were amplified by pcr. alleles were separated electrophoretically and then visualized by silver staining. a cus ...	2000	10916289
engineering blood meal-activated systemic immunity in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	progress in molecular genetics makes possible the development of alternative disease control strategies that target the competence of mosquitoes to transmit pathogens. we tested the regulatory region of the vitellogenin (vg) gene of aedes aegypti for its ability to express potential antipathogen factors in transgenic mosquitoes. hermes-mediated transformation was used to integrate a 2.1-kb vg-promoter fragment driving the expression of the defensin a (defa) coding region, one of the major insect ...	2000	10908672
influence of the copepod mesocyclops longisetus (crustacea: cyclopidae) on the survival of vibrio cholerae o1 in fresh water.	in an experimental microcosm, an analysis was performed of the influence exerted by freshwater mesocyclops longisetus copepods on the survival of vibrio cholerae o1 serovar inaba. in the state of ceará, copepods are used in the control of aedes aegypti larvae. the system consisted of water with a salinity of 0.27 per 10,000 habitants and ph 7.5, which after sterilizing filtration was distributed into seven flasks with a volume of 400 ml; in each of six flasks, 10 live copepods were inoculated al ...	1996	10904360
toxicity of euphorbia milii latex and niclosamide to snails and nontarget aquatic species.	the toxicity of euphorbia milii molluscicidal latex and niclosamide (ncl) to target snails (biomphalaria glabrata and biomphalaria tenagophila) and nontarget aquatic organisms is evaluated. planorbidae snails were killed by very low concentrations of lyophilized latex (48-h lc(50), mg/l: b. glabrata, 0.12; b. tenagophila, 0.09; helisoma duryi, 0.10). latex was less toxic (48-h lc(50) or ec(50), mg/l) to oligochaeta (tubifex tubifex, 0.31), planktonic crustacea (daphnia similis, 0.38; c. dubia, 1 ...	2000	10903832
comments on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and control of dengue.	dengue is currently the most important viral disease transmitted to man by arthropods, whether measured by the number of cases or number of deaths. prevalence of the disease is highest in tropical asia, intermediate in tropical america, and lowest in tropical africa. four distinct dengue viruses have been identified. types 2 and 3 appear to be more pathogenic on the average than types 1 and 4, but all four can cause severe or fatal dengue syndromes. infection with any of the four viruses confers ...	1999	10901853
people's knowledge and practice about dengue, its vectors, and control means in brasilia (df), brazil: its relevance with entomological factors.	in south america, the epidemiology and ecology of dengue fever are strongly associated with human habits because the vector aedes aegypti is strictly urban. thus, the evaluation of people's knowledge and practice (pkp) is of great importance to improve integrated control measures. a pkp evaluation has been done in a suburb of brasilia. thirty questions were submitted to 130 habitants about income level, education, sources of information, specific knowledge about dengue, vector biology, and contr ...	2000	10901634
integrated control of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in liu-chiu village, ping-tung county, taiwan.	because of an inadequate supply of potable water, villagers of small liu-chiu isle, ping-tung county, taiwan, store water in containers supporting a large population of aedes aegypti. in 1989-96, integrated control measures against ae. aegypti were implemented on the basis of community participation. these measures included release of mosquito larvivorous fish in the drinking water storage facilities, application of larvicides to the water storage facilities in vegetable gardens, removal of disc ...	2000	10901632
conserved molecular mechanism for the stage specificity of the mosquito vitellogenic response to ecdysone.	in the mosquito aedes aegypti, the adult female becomes competent for a vitellogenic response to ecdysone after previtellogenic development. here, we show that betaftz-f1, the nuclear receptor implicated as a competence factor for stage-specific responses to ecdysone during drosophila metamorphosis, serves a similar function during mosquito vitellogenesis. aaftz-f1 is expressed highly in the mosquito fat body during pre- and postvitellogenic periods when ecdysteroid titers are low. the mosquito ...	2000	10898964
ribosomal protein s6 cdna from two aedes mosquitoes encodes a carboxyl-terminal extension that resembles histone h1 proteins.	ribosomal protein s6 (rps6) is the major phosphorylated protein on the eukaryotic ribosome. because electrophoretic evidence suggested that the homolog of rps6 from the mosquitoes aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti was measurably larger than drosophila rps6, we have now isolated full-length cdnas encoding aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti rps6. the mosquito rps6 cdnas encoded a 100 amino acid extension at the carboxyl-terminus, relative to rps6 from humans and drosophila. this region had homolo ...	1999	10897799
[development of immunizing agents against dengue].	the four serotypes of dengue flaviviruses are transmitted mainly by the aedes aegypti mosquito, and some epidemics have been attributed to ae. albopictus, ae. polynesiensis, and various species of the ae. scutellaris complex. the risk factors involved in dengue mortality and morbidity are related to the human host (genetic characteristics of infected persons; lifestyles, immune status, and health conditions of people; basic sanitation of dwellings; and water supply) and to the virus (genetic var ...	2000	10893968
a repressible female-specific lethal genetic system for making transgenic insect strains suitable for a sterile-release program.	we have developed a tetracycline-repressible female-specific lethal genetic system in the vinegar fly drosophila melanogaster. one component of the system is the tetracycline-controlled transactivator gene under the control of the fat body and female-specific transcription enhancer from the yolk protein 1 gene. the other component consists of the proapoptotic gene hid under the control of a tetracycline-responsive element. males and females of a strain carrying both components are viable on medi ...	0	10890889
[proportional abundance of culicidae in the urban ecosystem of havana city].	proportional abundance of the four most common mosquito species was determined in six types of breeding places located in plaza de la revolución municipality, city of havana from 1993-1996. culex quinquifasciatus exhibited values over 0.60 except in tyres and larval traps in 1993 and 1994 whereas aedes mediovittatus showed similar values in low tanks and artificial reservoirs in 1994 (0.43 and 0.56 respectively). it was also observed that this species prefers larval traps. aedes aegypti and cule ...	1999	10887585
[knowledge, opinions, and practices regarding aedes aegypti].	the active participation of the community is indispensable for reducing aedes aegypti mosquito populations so causes leading to their growth, actions taken, effects on the health and the people in charge of controlling such mosquitoes are all dealt with in this paper. 210 persons were interviewed from june 25 to 27, 1997. the causes of the growth of the mosquito population were: excessive garbage (59%), dirty waters (58%), open water reservoirs (50%) and lack of fumigation (21%). 40% of intervie ...	2009	10887576
[levels of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in a strain of aedes aegypti of santiago de cuba].	as a result of the most recent dengue outbreak in santiago de cuba province, a strain of this vector was studied to determine the levels of sensitivity and/or resistance to organophosphate and pyrethoid insecticides. the results of bioassays showed low levels of resistance to fention, malathion and deltametrine, moderate levels of resistance to temephos, metyl-pirimifos and cipermetrine and high levels of resistance to chlorpirifios. according to the results obtained from the use of s.s.s. phosp ...	1999	10887565
[ecologic indexes in the surveillance system of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in cuba].	the ecological indexes called diversity (h') and equitability (j') of the mosquito species were determined in six of the most common reservoirs of the urban ecosystem in the plaza de la revolución municipality, city of havana. data analysis showed that according to the values of these indexes, the most dangerous reservoirs were tyres, larvitraps and artificial reservoirs in general. reference is also made on the use of larvitraps in the surveillance system of aedes aegypti and the detection and ...	1999	10887564
a novel member of the ring-finger gene family associated with reproductive tissues of the mosquito, aaedes aegypti.	the ring finger is a zinc-binding domain that is found in proteins from viruses, plants and animals. here we report the characterization and tissue-specific expression of a mosquito gonadal protein gene, mgp, from the mosquito, aedes aegypti. the putative gene product, mgp, contains two ring fingers, a b-box, and a hydrophobic core. these mosquito mgp structural motifs are highly conserved in proteins found in mouse and nematode. northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization demonstrated the ...	2000	10886414
mobility assays confirm the broad host-range activity of the minos transposable element and validate new transformation tools.	fast and reliable methods for assessing the mobility of the transposable element minos have been developed. these methods are based on the detection of excision and insertion of minos transposons from and into plasmids which are co-introduced into cells. excision is detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with appropriate primers. transposition is assayed by marker rescue in escherichia coli, using a transposon plasmid that carries a tetracycline resistance gene and a target plasmid carrying ...	2000	10886410
aedes aegypti dopa decarboxylase: gene structure and regulation.	dopa decarboxylase converts l-dopa to dopamine, a precursor molecule for diverse biological activities in insects including neurotransmission and a variety of tanning reactions required for development, reproduction and defence against parasites. herein, we report the cloning and sequencing of the aedes aegypti ddc gene, including 2.1 kb of the upstream promoter region. the transcribed region of the gene spans more than 16 kb and contains five exons. in situ hybridization localizes the blood-mea ...	2000	10886406
first isolation of dengue 1 virus from aedes aegypti in federal district, brazil.	dengue is present in the federal district since 1991 and virological studies of the vector began in 1998. two strains of den1 were isolated from 9 pools of female aedes aegypti (78 mosq.), collected in april in gama county, where the breteau index was 5.4, and 32 autochtonous human cases were notified.	2000	10881127
[a dengue epidemic in ipupiara and prado, bahia. a seroepidemiologic survey].	serologic studies in brazil have indicated a 25% to 56% prevalence of dengue virus infections. however, these studies were carried out in populations of middle-sized and larger cities. the present study describes two epidemics of classic dengue fever in two small cities in the state of bahia. the first occurred in 1987, in ipupiara and was caused by dengue serotype-1 (den-1), the second occurred in 1995, in prado and was caused by dengue serotype-2 (den-2). the laboratory diagnosis was made by t ...	2000	10881120
cloning and characterization of a bacillus thuringiensis serovar higo gene encoding a novel class of the delta-endotoxin protein, cry27a, specifically active on the anopheles mosquito.	a novel gene encoding a 98-kda mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin protein, designated cry27a, was cloned from a bacillus thuringiensis serovar higo strain. the cry27a protein contained the five sequence blocks of amino acids commonly conserved in most b. thuringiensis cry proteins. relatively high homologies, ranging from 43.0% to 84.4%, existed between the cry27a protein and several established classes of mosquitocidal cry proteins (cry4a, cry10a, cry19a, cry19b, and cry20a) in the sequence of 51 n- ...	2000	10879975
malaria parasite development in a drosophila model.	malaria is a devastating public health menace, killing over one million people every year and infecting about half a billion. here it is shown that the protozoan plasmodium gallinaceum, a close relative of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum, can develop in the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster. plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes injected into the fly developed into sporozoites infectious to the vertebrate host with similar kinetics as seen in the mosquito host aedes aegypti. in the f ...	2000	10875925
determination of mosquito bloodmeal ph in situ by ion-selective microelectrode measurement: implications for the regulation of malarial gametogenesis.	malarial gametocytes circulate in the peripheral blood of the vertebrate host as developmentally arrested intra-erythrocytic cells, which only resume development into gametes when ingested into the bloodmeal of the female mosquito vector. the ensuing development encompasses sexual reproduction and mediates parasite transmission to the insect. in vitro the induction of gametogenesis requires a drop in temperature and either a ph increase from physiological blood ph (ca ph 7.4) to about ph 8.0, or ...	2000	10874717
blood-feeding in mosquitoes: probing time and salivary gland anti-haemostatic activities in representatives of three genera (aedes, anopheles, culex).	mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) face their hosts' haemostatic mechanisms when attempting to feed on blood. accordingly, they antagonize haemostasis by salivary agents that include anti-clotting, anti-platelet and vasodilatory compounds. because haemostasis is a complex and redundant physiological response that varies between vertebrates, it is to be expected that haematophagous animals have a salivary armoury that most efficiently counteracts their preferred hosts. the mosquito culex quinquefasc ...	2000	10872858
purification and characterization of chorion peroxidase from aedes aegypti eggs.	previous study has shown that a peroxidase is present in the mature eggs of aedes aegypti mosquitoes, and the enzyme is involved in the formation of a rigid and insoluble chorion by catalyzing chorion protein crosslinking through dityrosine formation. in this study, chorion peroxidase was solubilized from egg chorion by 1% sds and 2 m urea and purified by various chromatographic techniques. the enzyme has a relative molecular mass of 63,000 as estimated by sds-page. spectral analysis of the enzy ...	0	10871050
contribution of fatty acids to olfactory host finding of female aedes aegypti.	single carbon to 18 carbon n-aliphatic carboxylic acids were tested for their attractive effects on female aedes aegypti in a y-tube olfactometer. each acid was tested over a wide range of concentrations together with l-(+)-lactic acid, the indispensable synergist for other attractive components emitted from human hosts. the attractiveness of lactic acid was significantly augmented when combined with fatty acids of chain length c(1)-c(3), c(5)-c(8) and c(13)-c(18), respectively. the addition of ...	2000	10866990
the abundant larval transcript-1 and -2 genes of brugia malayi encode stage-specific candidate vaccine antigens for filariasis.	lymphatic filariasis is a major tropical disease caused by the mosquito-borne nematodes brugia and wuchereria. about 120 million people are infected and at risk of lymphatic pathology such as acute lymphangitis and elephantiasis. vaccines against filariasis must generate immunity to the infective mosquito-derived third-stage larva (l3) without accentuating immunopathogenic responses to lymphatic-dwelling adult parasites. we have identified two highly expressed genes, designated abundant larval t ...	2000	10858234
structure and location of a ferritin gene of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti.	we have isolated and sequenced a genomic clone encoding the 24- and 26-kda ferritin subunits in the mosquito aedes aegypti (rockefeller strain). the a. aegypti gene differs from other known ferritin genes in that it possesses an additional intron and an unusually large second intron. the additional intron is located within the 5' untranslated region, between the cap site and the start codon. the second intron contains numerous putative transposable elements. in addition, unlike the human and rat ...	2000	10849008
insecticidal piperidine alkaloid from microcos paniculata stem bark.	the stem bark of microcos paniculata contained a new alkaloid, n-methyl-6 beta-(deca-1',3',5'-trienyl)-3 beta-methoxy-2 beta-methylpiperidine, which showed good insecticidal activity against aedes aegypti second instar larvae.	2000	10846743
permeability and disruption of the peritrophic matrix and caecal membrane from aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae mosquito larvae.	in mosquito larvae, the peritrophic matrix (pm) separates the gut contents from the intestinal epithelium. this report describes a new in vivo assay for estimating pm permeability. the assay also allows for assessment of the permeability of the caecal membrane, a structure that separates each caecum from the gut lumen. permeability was estimated by the appearance of fluorescently-labeled dextrans (size range 4,400 to 2 million da) within the gastric caecae of mosquito larvae. while the intact pe ...	2000	10844150
coelomomyces stegomyiae infection in adult female aedes aegypti following the first, second, and third host blood meals.		2000	10843837
anopheles gambiae pilot gene discovery project: identification of mosquito innate immunity genes from expressed sequence tags generated from immune-competent cell lines.	together with aids and tuberculosis, malaria is at the top of the list of devastating infectious diseases. however, molecular genetic studies of its major vector, anopheles gambiae, are still quite limited. we have conducted a pilot gene discovery project to accelerate progress in the molecular analysis of vector biology, with emphasis on the mosquito's antimalarial immune defense. a total of 5,925 expressed sequence tags were determined from normalized cdna libraries derived from immune-respons ...	2000	10841561
cockroach diuretic hormones: characterization of a calcitonin-like peptide in insects.	insect diuretic hormones are crucial for control of water balance. we isolated from the cockroach diploptera punctata two diuretic hormones (dh), dippu-dh(31) and dippu-dh(46), which increase camp production and fluid secretion in malpighian tubules of several insect species. dippu-dh(31) and -dh(46) contain 31 and 46 amino acids, respectively. dippu-dh(46) belongs to the corticotropin-releasing factor (crf)-like insect dh family, whereas dippu-dh(31) has little sequence similarity to the crf-li ...	0	10841553
bacillus thuringiensis soil populations naturally occurring in the ryukyus, a subtropic region of japan.	of 809 soil samples collected from the seven islands of the ryukyus, japan, 107 samples (13.2%) contained bacillus thuringiensis. the frequency of b. thuringiensis among the b. cereus group was 1.1% (235/21842) on the average. the b. thuringiensis soil populations of the ryukyus consisted of more than 22 h serogroups. the predominant h serotype was the h5ac/21 (serovar canadensis/colmeri), followed by the h3ad (serovar sumiyoshiensis) and h16 (serovar indiana). geographically, most widely distri ...	2000	10830895
recombinant chimeric yellow fever-dengue type 2 virus is immunogenic and protective in nonhuman primates.	a chimeric yellow fever (yf)-dengue type 2 (dengue-2) virus (chimerivax-d2) was constructed using a recombinant cdna infectious clone of a yf vaccine strain (yf 17d) as a backbone into which we inserted the premembrane (prm) and envelope (e) genes of dengue-2 virus (strain puo-218 from a case of dengue fever in bangkok, thailand). the chimeric virus was recovered from the supernatant of vero cells transfected with rna transcripts and amplified once in these cells to yield a titer of 6.3 log(10) ...	2000	10823852
polyamines, and effects from reducing their synthesis during egg development in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	development of eggs after a blood meal in the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti involves hormonal changes, synthesis of nucleic acids, activation of the digestive enzyme trypsin, and production of the yolk protein vitellogenin. polyamines have been implicated in growth processes and were here examined for possible involvement during egg development. the data suggest that polyamines are important for normal vitellogenesis in the mosquito. polyamine levels and activities of ornithine decarboxyla ...	2000	10817834
aedes aegypti in tahiti and moorea (french polynesia): isoenzyme differentiation in the mosquito population according to human population density.	genetic differences at five polymorphic isoenzyme loci were analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis for 28 aedes aegypti samples. considerable (i.e., high fst values) and significant (i.e., p values >10(-4)) geographic differences were found. differences in ae. aegypti genetic structure were related to human population densities and to particularities in mosquito ecotopes in both tahiti and moorea islands. in highly urbanized areas (i.e., the papeete agglomeration), mosquitoes were highly structu ...	2000	10813476
genetic isolation by distance among aedes aegypti populations along the northeastern coast of mexico.	a population genetic analysis of gene flow was conducted among 10 aedes aegypti collections from seven cities along the northeastern coast of mexico. four collections were made from monterrey to examine local patterns of gene flow. markers included 60 random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) loci amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of variation in a 387-basepair region of the nadh dehydrogenase subunit 4 from the mitochondrial dna (mtdna ...	2000	10813474
bioactivity of ethanol extract of karanja (pongamia glabra vent) seed coat against mosquitoes.	laboratory evaluation revealed that the treatment of larvae of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus with ethanol extract of karanja seed coat (alksc) significantly increased the larval mortality and developmental period proportianately with increase in the extract concentrations. aedes proved more sensitive to the effect of extract in terms of mortality than culex. at a high concentration (8 ppm), 100% aedes larvae died in the first instar within two days whereas, 16 pmm was required for ach ...	1999	10810597
evaluation of cyfluthrin and fenfluthrin for their insecticidal activity against three vector mosquitoes.	the ec50/ec90 concentrations of cyfluthrin and fenfluthrin were tested for their activity against different developmental stages of three important vector mosquitoes viz., anopheles stephensi liston, aedes aegypti (linn.) and culex quinquefasciatus say. the ec90 concentrations of both cyfluthrin and fenfluthrin showed ovicidal effect on an. stephensi and ae. aegypti whereas ec90 of cyfluthrin checked the hatching of eggs completely in cx. quinquefasciatus. fenfluthrin at ec50 concentration reduc ...	1999	10810595
molecular determinants of differential ligand sensitivities of insect ecdysteroid receptors.	the functional receptor for insect ecdysteroid hormones is a heterodimer consisting of two nuclear hormone receptors, ecdysteroid receptor (ecr) and the retinoid x receptor homologue ultraspiracle (usp). although ecdysone is commonly thought to be a hormone precursor and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), the physiologically active steroid, little is known about the relative activity of ecdysteroids in various arthropods. as a step toward characterization of potential differential ligand recognition, we ...	0	10805730
promoter sequences of the putative anopheles gambiae apyrase confer salivary gland expression in drosophila melanogaster.	the saliva of blood-feeding arthropods contains an apyrase that facilitates hematophagy by inhibiting the adp-induced aggregation of the host platelets. we report here the isolation of a salivary gland-specific cdna encoding a secreted protein that likely represents the anopheles gambiae apyrase. we describe also two additional members of the apyrase/5'-nucleotidase family. the cdna corresponding to the agapyl1 gene encodes a secreted protein that is closely related in sequence to the apyrase of ...	2000	10801886
[characterization of entomopathogenic bacillus samples isolated in senegal and study of their toxicity for malaria vectors].	a screening program developed in senegal to isolate new strains of entomopathogenic bacillus has led to the isolation of 194 strains of bacillus thuringiensis and 9 strains of bacillus sphaericus from various sites and insect samples. the characterization of these strains regarding their h serotype, their crystal composition and their toxicity against mosquitoes (culex pipiens, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi) has led to the isolation of 27 mosquitocidal strains. as malaria is an important ...	1998	10797955
a juvenile hormone-repressible transferrin-like protein from the bean bug, riptortus clavatus: cdna sequence analysis and protein identification during diapause and vitellogenesis.	we found several juvenile hormone-responsive cdnas in the bean bug, riptortus clavatus, by using mrna differential display (hirai et al., 1998). one of them, a juvenile hormone-repressible cdna, jr-3, was cloned, sequenced, characterized and identified as a transferrin (rctf). rctf cdna encoded 652 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 71,453 da. the deduced amino acid sequence showed significant homology with the transferin genes of several insects, manduca sexta (43% identity), bla ...	2000	10790182
effect of entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana on larvae of three species of mosquitoes.	beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus, was evaluated for its potential against second and third instar larvae of culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. conidiospores of this fungus were effective in causing infection leading to mortality of different larval instars. larvae of cx. quinquefasciatus were more susceptible to infection than an. stephensi and the second instar larvae of these two species were more susceptible than third instar larvae. larvae of ae. aeg ...	1999	10783749
tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (tylcv-is) is transmitted among whiteflies (bemisia tabaci) in a sex-related manner.	tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is the name given to a complex of geminiviruses infecting tomato cultures worldwide. tylcv is transmitted by a single insect species, the whitefly bemisia tabaci. herein we show that a tylcv isolate from israel (tylcv-is) can be transmitted among whiteflies in a sex-dependent manner, in the absence of any other source of virus. tylcv was transmitted from viruliferous males to females and from viruliferous females to males but not among insects of the same se ...	2000	10775612
activation and germination of spores of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis by alkaline ph and larval (aedes aegypti) gut fluid.	alkaline activation of the spores of crystalliferous (cry+) and acrystalliferous (cry-) strains of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis; wild type b. cereus and its transcipient crystalliferous derivatives and wild type b. subtilis was studied. also the effect of larval (aedes aegypti) gut fluid on the activation of spores of these strains was studied. only the spores of the crystal forming strains were found to be activated by 0.1 m k2co3 (ph 10) and by the larval gut fluid. the process of al ...	1999	10774706
characterization of three microsatellite loci for aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and their use for population genetic study.		1999	10774655
larvicidal, adulticidal and repellent effects of kaempferia galanga.	four fractions of kaempferia galanga (hexane fraction, dichloromethane fraction 1, dichloromethane fraction 2 and methanolic fraction) were tested for larvicidal activity toward fourth instar culex quinquefasciatus. the hexane fraction was found to exhibit the highest larvicidal effect with the lc50 of 42.33 ppm. testing for adulticidal activity, the hexane fraction did not show any promising adulticidal effect. however, it caused a knockdown effect which might be useful as a repellent. it was t ...	1999	10774653
a new densovirus isolated from the mosquito culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae).	we have isolated from a laboratory strain of culex pipiens in which abnormal larval mortality occurred a small icosahedral nonenveloped dna virus sharing the main biological and biophysical properties of densoviruses (dnvs). unlike dnvs isolated previously from aedes species, i.e. the aaednv and the aaldnv (afanasiev, b.n., galyov, e. e., buchatsky, l.p., kozlov, y.v., 1991. nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of aedes densonucleosis virus. virology 185, 323-336; boublik, y., jousset, f ...	2000	10773314
a tubular network associated with the brush-border surface of the aedes aegypti midgut: implications for pathogen transmission by mosquitoes.	the mosquito aedes aegypti is capable of transmitting a variety of pathogens to man and to other vertebrates. the midgut of this insect has been well-studied both as the tissue where the first contact occurs between ingested pathogens and the insect host, and as a model system for blood meal digestion in blood-sucking insects. to understand better the nature of the midgut surface encountered by parasites or viruses, we used scanning electron microscopy to identify the most prominent structures a ...	2000	10769222
chemical and gamma-ray mutagenesis of the white gene in aedes aegypti.	a molecular understanding of an insect gene can be facilitated by analysing the phenotypes of mutants for that gene. protocols were developed for both chemical and gamma-ray mutagenesis in aedes aegypti using the white (w) gene as an assay. wild-type adult males were subjected to varying doses of either ethyl methanesulphonate (0. 1%, 0.5% or 1%) or gamma rays (1500 r or 3000 r), mated to females homozygous for the recessive w mutation, and progeny screened for the w phenotype, indicating non-co ...	2000	10762419
vertical transmission of the yellow fever virus by aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae): dynamics of infection in f1 adult progeny of orally infected females.	vertical transmission of yellow fever virus from orally infected females to their progeny was experimentally demonstrated in 2 aedes aegypti colonies from the dakar and koungheul regions in senegal. a total of 10,530 f1 adult mosquito progeny were tested. the overall vertical transmission rate was 0.97%, with no significant difference between the dakar and koungheul colonies. the infection rates were significantly higher in females (1.15%) than in males (0.74%) in both colonies. the virus was no ...	2000	10761742
transmission thresholds for dengue in terms of aedes aegypti pupae per person with discussion of their utility in source reduction efforts.	the expense and ineffectiveness of drift-based insecticide aerosols to control dengue epidemics has led to suppression strategies based on eliminating larval breeding sites. with the notable but short-lived exceptions of cuba and singapore, these source reduction efforts have met with little documented success; failure has chiefly been attributed to inadequate participation of the communities involved. the present work attempts to estimate transmission thresholds for dengue based on an easily-de ...	2000	10761719
national progress in dengue vector control in vietnam: survey for mesocyclops (copepoda), micronecta (corixidae), and fish as biological control agents.	this paper describes the process of expanding a successful dengue control program in 3 provinces in northern vietnam into a national one and demonstrates the presence of a rich, low-cost resource that could have similar applicability to other countries in the region. the cornerstone of the preventive strategy is larval control of aedes aegypti (l.), the major vector, using predators such as copepods, mesocyclops spp., aided by the corixid bug micronecta quadristrigata bredd, and fish in large wa ...	2000	10761718
the use of direct sequencing of dengue virus cdna from individual field-collected aedes aegypti for surveillance and epidemiological studies.	the relative efficiencies of four methods to extract viral rna from individual dengue-2 virus (d-2v)-infected mosquitoes, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae), were compared. the most efficient of these methods was then used to extract viral rna for the preparation of cdna from the abdomens of six engorged d-2v-infected mosquitoes and sera from three dengue fever (df) patients collected in an isolated rural town in colombia. comparisons of viral envelope (e) gene sequences from each of these ...	2000	10759317
effects of temperature and larval diet on development rates and survival of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in north queensland, australia.	immature development times, survival rates and adult size (wing-lengths) of the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) were studied in the laboratory at temperatures of 10-40 degrees c. the duration of development from egg eclosion (hatching of the first instar) to adult was inversely related to temperature, ranging from 7.2 +/- 0.2 days at 35 degrees c to 39.7 +/- 2.3 days at 15 degrees c. the minimum temperature threshold for development (t) was determined as 8.3 +/- 3.6 degrees c an ...	2000	10759309
antifungal and larvicidal compounds from the root bark of cordia alliodora.	two new natural products, a phenylpropanoid derivative characterized as 1-(3'-methoxypropanoyl)-2,4,5-trimethoxybenzene (1) and a prenylated hydroquinone, 2-(2z)-(3-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2, 6-dienyl)-1,4-benzenediol (2), have been isolated from the root bark of cordia alliodora. both compounds exhibited antifungal properties against the phytopathogenic mold cladosporium cucumerinum. the phenylpropanoid derivative (1), whose structure is closely related to beta-asarone, also demonstrated a mar ...	2000	10757739
the use of chimeric venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses as an approach for the molecular identification of natural virulence determinants.	venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus antigenic subtypes and varieties are considered either epidemic/epizootic or enzootic. in addition to epidemiological differences between the epidemic and enzootic viruses, several in vitro and in vivo laboratory markers distinguishing the viruses have been identified, including differential plaque size, sensitivity to interferon (ifn), and virulence for guinea pigs. these observations have been shown to be useful predictors of natural, equine virulence ...	2000	10756040
a single deletion in the membrane-proximal region of the sindbis virus glycoprotein e2 endodomain blocks virus assembly.	the envelopment of the sindbis virus nucleocapsid in the modified cell plasma membrane involves a highly specific interaction between the capsid (c) protein and the endodomain of the e2 glycoprotein. we have previously identified a domain of the sindbis virus c protein involved in binding to the e2 endodomain (h. lee and d. t. brown, virology 202:390-400, 1994). the c-e2 binding domain resides in a hydrophobic cleft with c y180 and w247 on opposing sides of the cleft. structural modeling studies ...	2000	10756035
central role of the apical membrane h+-atpase in electrogenesis and epithelial transport in malpighian tubules.	the effects of bafilomycin a(1), a blocker of v-type h(+)-atpases, were investigated in malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti. bafilomycin a(1) reduced rates of transepithelial fluid secretion and the virtual short-circuit current (vi(sc)) with an ic(50) of approximately 5 micromol l(-)(1). as vi(sc) decreased, the electrical resistance increased across the whole epithelium and across the apical membrane, indicating effects on electroconductive pathways. bafilomycin a(1) had no effect when applied ...	2000	10751161
[spatial analysis of aedes aegypti larval distribution in the ilha do governador neighborhood of rio de janeiro, brazil].	this study aims to help expand knowledge on aedes aegypti in rio de janeiro, based on spatial analysis of the mosquito's breeding sites in the neighborhood of ilha do governador, rio de janeiro, from june 1992 to july 1994. use of spatial analysis techniques is proposed for vector surveillance and control. information obtained from the number of dwellings per block that were used for the analysis. a smoothing method, a gaussian kernel, was used in the spatial distribution analysis. breaks in nat ...	2000	10738148
the other dr finlay is commemorated in cuban stamps.		0	10731200
antifungal and larvicidal cordiaquinones from the roots of cordia curassavica.	in addition to the known cordiaquinones a and b, two novel meroterpenoid naphthoquinones, named cordiaquinones j and k, have been isolated from the roots of cordia curassavica. their structures were elucidated by spectrometric methods including ei, d/ci mass spectrometry, 1h, 13c and 2d-nmr experiments. the four naphthoquinones demonstrated antifungal activities against cladosporium cucumerinum, candida albicans and toxic properties against larvae of the yellow fever-transmitting mosquito aedes ...	2000	10724189
cytokine gene expression in innately susceptible balb/c mice and relatively resistant c57bl/6 mice during infection with virulent burkholderia pseudomallei.	production of cytokines including gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) is an important early-stage host response following infection with intracellular pathogens. development of immunity to these pathogens is determined to a large extent by the timing and relative level of expression of the cytokines. numerous studies have shown that early cytokine responses involving interleukin-12 (il-12) and ifn-gamma are important for resistance to intracellular pathogens, ...	2000	10722599
aedes aegypti in ho chi minh city (viet nam): susceptibility to dengue 2 virus and genetic differentiation.	aedes aegypti is the principal vector of dengue viruses, responsible for a viral infection that has become a major public health concern in asia. in viet nam, dengue haemorrhagic fever was first detected in the 1960s and is now a leading cause of death in childhood. we studied the variability in competence of ae. aegypti as a vector for dengue 2 virus and genetic differentiation in this mosquito species. twenty mosquito samples collected in 1998 in ho chi minh city were subjected to oral infecti ...	1999	10717737
expression of the early-late gene encoding the nuclear receptor hr3 suggests its involvement in regulating the vitellogenic response to ecdysone in the adult mosquito.	the insect steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), is a key factor controlling critical developmental events of embryogenesis, larval molting, metamorphosis, and, in some insects, reproduction. we are interested in understanding the molecular basis of the steroid hormone ecdysone action in insect egg development. the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, in addition to being an important vector of human diseases, represents an outstanding model for studying molecular mechanisms underlying egg ...	2000	10715536
efficacy of aqueous suspension and granular formulations of bacillus thuringiensis (vectobac) against mosquito vectors.	the efficacy of aqueous suspension (as) and granular (g) formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (vectobac) was tested against the immatures of mosquito vectors in the laboratory and under field conditions. laboratory tests showed that the aqueous suspension was relatively more effective against culex quinquefasciatus than aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi, the respective lc(50) values being 0.046, 0.060 and 0.190 mg/l. in stream pools, with the application of vectobac as at 1 ...	2000	10708664
evolutionary relationships of endemic/epidemic and sylvatic dengue viruses.	endemic/epidemic dengue viruses (den) that are transmitted among humans by the mosquito vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are hypothesized to have evolved from sylvatic den strains that are transmitted among nonhuman primates in west africa and malaysia by other aedes mosquitoes. we tested this hypothesis with phylogenetic studies using envelope protein gene sequences of both endemic/epidemic and sylvatic strains. the basal position of sylvatic lineages of den-1, -2, and -4 suggested th ...	2000	10708439
chimeric dengue type 2 (vaccine strain pdk-53)/dengue type 1 virus as a potential candidate dengue type 1 virus vaccine.	we constructed chimeric dengue type 2/type 1 (den-2/den-1) viruses containing the nonstructural genes of den-2 16681 virus or its vaccine derivative, strain pdk-53, and the structural genes (encoding capsid protein, premembrane protein, and envelope glycoprotein) of den-1 16007 virus or its vaccine derivative, strain pdk-13. we previously reported that attenuation markers of den-2 pdk-53 virus were encoded by genetic loci located outside the structural gene region of the pdk-53 virus genome. chi ...	2000	10708416
attenuation markers of a candidate dengue type 2 vaccine virus, strain 16681 (pdk-53), are defined by mutations in the 5' noncoding region and nonstructural proteins 1 and 3.	the genome of a candidate dengue type 2 (den-2) vaccine virus, strain pdk-53, differs from its den-2 16681 parent by nine nucleotides. using infectious cdna clones, we constructed 18 recombinant 16681/pdk-53 viruses to analyze four 16681-to-pdk-53 mutations, including 5' noncoding region (5'nc)-57 c-to-t, premembrane (prm)-29 asp-to-val (the only mutation that occurs in the structural proteins), nonstructural protein 1 (ns1)-53 gly-to-asp, and ns3-250 glu-to-val. the viruses were studied for pla ...	2000	10708415
genetics of mosquito vector competence.	mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality throughout the world. efforts to control mosquito-borne diseases have been impeded, in part, by the development of drug-resistant parasites, insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, and environmental concerns over the application of insecticides. therefore, there is a need to develop novel disease control strategies that can complement or replace existing control methods. one such strategy is to generate pathogen-resi ...	2000	10704476
two insecticidal tetranortriterpenoids from azadirachta indica.	two new triterpenoids, 6 alpha-o-acetyl-7-deacetylnimocinol [24,25,26,27-tetra-norapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6 alpha-acetoxy-7 alpha-hydroxy-1,14,20,22-tetraen-21,23-epoxy-3-one] (1) and meliacinol [24,25,26,27-tetranorapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-1 alpha-trimethylacryloxy-21,23-6 alpha,28-diepoxy-16-oxo-17-oxa-14,20,22-trien-3 alpha,7 alpha-diol] (2) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the fresh leaves of azadirachta indica (neem). their structures have been elucidated through spectral studies ...	2000	10703059
analysis of human skin emanations by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 2. identification of volatile compounds that are candidate attractants for the yellow fever mosquito (aedes aegypti).	volatile compounds emanated from human skin were studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms). the purpose of this study was to identify compounds that may be human-produced kairomones which are used for host location by the mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.). the procedure used to collect volatiles was chosen because of prior knowledge that attractive substances can be transferred from skin to glass by handling. laboratory bioassays have shown that the residuum on the glass remains attract ...	2000	10701259
cyt1a from bacillus thuringiensis synergizes activity of bacillus sphaericus against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	bacillus sphaericus is a mosquitocidal bacterium recently developed as a commercial larvicide that is used worldwide to control pestiferous and vector mosquitoes. whereas b. sphaericus is highly active against larvae of culex and anopheles mosquitoes, it is virtually nontoxic to aedes aegypti, an important vector species. in the present study, we evaluated the capacity of the cytolytic protein cyt1a from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to enhance the toxicity of b. sphaericus toward a. ...	2000	10698776
salivary gland-specific gene expression in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae.	molecular studies on the tissue-specific gene expression in the salivary glands of anopheles gambiae may provide useful tools for the development of new strategies for the control of the most efficient malaria vector in the sub-saharan africa. we summarize here the results of a recent investigation focused on the isolation of secreted factors and putative receptors from the salivary glands of an. gambiae. using the signal sequence trap technique we have identified the first cdnas specifically ex ...	1999	10697906
controlling malaria transmission with genetically-engineered, plasmodium-resistant mosquitoes: milestones in a model system.	we are developing transgenic mosquitoes resistant to malaria parasites to test the hypothesis that genetically-engineered mosquitoes can be used to block the transmission of the parasites. we are developing and testing many of the necessary methodologies with the avian malaria parasite, plasmodium gallinaceum, and its laboratory vector, aedes aegypti, in anticipation of engaging the technical challenges presented by the malaria parasite, p. falciparum, and its major african vector, anopheles gam ...	1999	10697903
influence of igr treatment on oviposition of three species of vector mosquitos at sublethal concentrations.	sublethal effect of hexaflumuron, an insect growth regulator (igr), on the oviposition of three species of vector mosquitos. culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi was studied. significant reduction in oviposition was observed in the females of the above three species derived from fourth instar larvae and pupae exposed to sublethal (ei5 and ei50) doses. the reduction in egg laying is proportional to the dose of exposure and was found to be about twice higher in females of ...	1999	10695811
laboratory evaluation of lambda-cyhalothrin a microencapsulated formulation on mosquito nets for control of vector mosquitos.	two formulations of lambda-cyhalothrin (ec-emulsion concentrate and mc-microencapsulated) were impregnated into bednets made of polyethylene and polyester. the nets were treated at a dosage of 15 mg/m2. for bioassay of insecticidal efficacy, female anopheles maculatus and aedes aegypti were exposed to the nets for two minutes and mortality was scored 24 hours later. the nets were also tested after repeated washings with water and with soap and water. microencapsulated (2.5cs) formulation was mor ...	1999	10695808
[present status of an arbovirus infection: yellow fever, its natural history of hemorrhagic fever, rift valley fever].	in the early 20th century, when it was discovered that the yellow fever virus was transmitted in its urban cycle by aedes aegypti, measures of control were introduced leading to its disappearance. progressive neglect of the disease, however, led to a new outbreak in 1927 during which the etiological agent was isolated; some years later a vaccine was discovered and yellow fever disappeared again. in the 1960s, rare cases of encephalitis were observed in young children after vaccination and the ad ...	1999	10690474
[oral receptivity of aedes aegypti formosus from franceville (gabon, central africa) for type 2 dengue virus].	dengue is widely distributed in the tropics but epidemic activity was rarely reported in africa before the 1980's. in the past 15 years, increased epidemic dengue fever has been reported both in east and west africa, raising concern about the ability of local populations of aedes aegypti to transmit dengue viruses. ae. aegypti is present in two forms in africa: ae. aegypti aegypti and ae. aegypti formosus. this latter form, much darker, was not originally a local species but is now colonizing ar ...	1999	10690473
a case of dengue from pune, india.	dengue is an acute infectious disease, caused by a single stranded ribonucleic acid (rna) virus of the family of flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, transmitted by aedes mosquitos, the most important vectors being aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. there are four serotypes, den-1, den-2, den-3, den-4 that are nearly human specific. the geographical distribution of dengue is pantropical, except for madagascar and some african regions. it is endemo-epidemic in tropical and subtropical countries inclu ...	2000	10689245
the electrical properties of the anterior stomach of the larval mosquito (aedes aegypti).	the electrical properties of the anterior stomach of the larval mosquito (aedes aegypti) were determined. at late times after cannulation, the intraluminal space constant was 936 microm, which is almost as long as the isolated tissue itself. at this time, the resistance of the apical cell membranes dominates the transcellular resistance; it is approximately 14 times the resistance of the basal cell membrane. two physiologically distinct epithelial cell types were identified. one type has a stabl ...	2000	10683168
toward anopheles transformation: minos element activity in anopheline cells and embryos.	the ability of the minos transposable element to function as a transformation vector in anopheline mosquitoes was assessed. two recently established anopheles gambiae cell lines were stably transformed by using marked minos transposons in the presence of a helper plasmid expressing transposase. the markers were either the green fluorescent protein or the hygromycin b phosphotransferase gene driven by the drosophila hsp70 promoter. cloning and sequencing of the integration sites demonstrated that ...	2000	10681436
regulation of the vitellogenin receptor during drosophila melanogaster oogenesis.	in many insects, development of the oocyte arrests temporarily just before vitellogenesis, the period when vitellogenins (yolk proteins) accumulate in the oocyte. following hormonal and environmental cues, development of the oocyte resumes, and endocytosis of vitellogenins begins. an essential component of yolk uptake is the vitellogenin receptor. in this report, we describe the ovarian expression pattern and subcellular localization of the mrna and protein encoded by the drosophila melanogaster ...	0	10679010
the kinin peptide family in invertebrates.	kinins comprise a family of peptides that were first found in the central nervous system of insects and recently also in mollusks and crustaceans. after the isolation of the first members of the kinin family, the leukokinins from leucophaea maderae, leukokinin-related peptides were found in the cricket acheta domesticus and the locust locusta migratoria, all through their ability to induce leucophaea maderae hindgut contraction. subsequently, kinins were found in the mosquitoes culex salinarius ...	1999	10676463
structural organization of posterior midgut muscles in mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae.	in order to adapt to diverse feeding behavior, animal intestines have evolved with distinct differences. such adaptation may include the structure of the longitudinal and circular muscles that maintain the integrity and the tensile strength of the gut tissue in higher metazoans. here we examined the structural organization of the posterior midgut muscles of two insects, aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae. we found the estimated number of longitudinal muscles in a cross-section to be 168 in ae. ...	2000	10675294
short report: microsatellite sequences as markers for population genetic studies of the mosquito aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue viruses.	we report the isolation of microsatellites from an enriched library of genomic repeated sequences, using a biotin-labeled oligonucleotide bound to streptavidin-coated magnetic particles. four microsatellites were obtained from a partial library of 120 recombinant clones. this more efficient and rapid method to obtain these specific repeated sequences is preferred to the conventional isolation procedure based on the construction of a genomic library. microsatellite markers would be promising mole ...	1999	10674685
development of a sindbis virus expression system that efficiently expresses green fluorescent protein in midguts of aedes aegypti following per os infection.	a double subgenomic sindbis (dssin) virus, mre/3'2 j/gfp, was constructed to efficiently express green fluorescent protein (gfp) in the midgut of aedes aegypti following per os infection. the mre/3'2 j/gfp rna genome contained the nonstructural genes and cis-acting sequences of the dssin virus, te/3'2 j/gfp, but had the structural genes of mre16 sin virus. mre/3'2 j/gfp virus, unlike te/3'2 j/gfp virus, efficiently infected mosquitoes orally. at 1-2 days postinfection, gfp was observed as multip ...	2000	10672072
characterization of a carboxypeptidase a gene from the mosquito, aedes aegypti.	a gut-specific carboxypeptidase a gene (aecpa) from the mosquito, aedes aegypti, was cloned and characterized. the gene has an open reading frame that predicts a protein of 427 amino acids, 61% of which are identical to an anopheles gambiae carboxypeptidase a sequence. aecpa messenger rna (mrna) was not detected during larval and pupal development. in situ hybridization experiments indicated that aecpa mrna is expressed by posterior midgut epithelial cells. in sharp contrast to an. gambiae carbo ...	2000	10672069
recombinant juvenile hormone esterase, an effective tool for modifying juvenile hormone-dependent expression of the early trypsin gene in mosquitoes.	the study of the changes in the steady-state levels of the early trypsin (et) messenger rna (mrna) was used as a sensitive assay for measuring the effects of recombinant juvenile hormone esterase (rjhe) on juvenile hormone (jh)-dependent gene expression in mosquitoes. et is a female-specific protease present in the midgut of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti during the first few hours after ingestion of a blood meal. transcription of the early trypsin gene is part of the normal postemergen ...	2000	10672068
structure of hermes integrations in the germline of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	the hermes transposable element is derived from the house fly, musca domestica, and can incorporate into the germline of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. preliminary southern analyses indicated that hermes integrated along with the marker gene into the mosquito genomic dna. here we show that hermes integrations are accompanied by the integration of the donor plasmid as well. in addition, breaks in the donor plasmid dnas do not occur precisely, or at the end of the terminal inverted repe ...	2000	10672066
green fluorescent protein as a genetic marker in transgenic aedes aegypti.	we report here the use of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) from the jellyfish, aequorea victoria, as a genetic marker for the genetic transformation of mosquitoes. the egfp gene, under the control of the actin5c promoter of drosophila melanogaster was inserted into the hermes transposable element. preblastoderm embryos of a wild-type strain of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, were microinjected with this plasmid, together with a helper plasmid containing the hermes transpos ...	2000	10672065
independent evolution of toll and related genes in insects and mammals.	toll and toll-related proteins play an important role in antibacterial innate immunity in insect, plants, and mammals. we present the first comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of toll-related genes from both insects and mammals. drosophila melanogaster contains toll and a highly homologous gene, tehao. the protein, dm tehao, comprises 795 amino acid residues and its cytoplasmic domain shares a striking 61% identity with dm toll. two toll homologues were found in another dipteran of medical impor ...	2000	10663571
recent, extensive, and preferential insertion of members of the miniature inverted-repeat transposable element family heartbreaker into genic regions of maize.	a 314-bp dna element called heartbreaker-hm1 (hbr-hm1) was previously identified in the 3' untranslated region of a mutant allele of the maize disease resistance gene hm1. this element has structural features of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) and is a member of a large family of approximately 4,000 copies in the maize genome. unlike previously described mites, most members of the hbr family display over 90% sequence identity. this, coupled with the insertion of an hbr el ...	0	10655501
evidence for expression of ecr and usp components of the 20-hydroxyecdysone receptor by a mosquito cell line.	the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to examine whether the c7-10 cell line from the mosquito, aedes albopictus, expresses transcripts encoding 20-hydroxyecdysone receptor (ecr) and ultraspiracle (usp) isoforms known to constitute a functional 20-hydroxyecdysone receptor. here we describe recovery and analysis of products with high similarity to the ecr and to the usp isoform "a" that have been reported from the related mosquito, aedes aegypti. the c7-10 ecr was ...	2000	10644973