| a factor xa-directed anticoagulant from the salivary glands of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | salivary gland extracts from the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti contain a factor xa-specific anticoagulant detectable in vitro by clotting assays. the anticoagulant is found only in female salivary glands, which is consistent with its role in bloodfeeding. extracts of adult female glands significantly delay both the prothrombin time and the activated partial thromboplastin time, but have no effect on the thrombin clotting time. the anticoagulant has been shown to result from the specific in ... | 1995 | 7498429 |
| the apyrase gene of the vector mosquito, aedes aegypti, is expressed specifically in the adult female salivary glands. | the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, expresses a gene, apyrase (apy), that encodes an atp-diphosphohydrolase. the product of this gene is a secreted enzyme that facilitates hematophagy by preventing platelet aggregation in the host. apy gene expression is limited to the cells of the distal-lateral and medial lobes of the adult female salivary glands. apyrase protein levels, detectable by antibodies, peak in the salivary glands about 4 days after adult emergence and remain high after a blood ... | 1995 | 7498420 |
| non-linear dynamics of neurochemical modulation of mosquito oviduct and hindgut contractions. | microphysiological techniques and computer-based methods of data acquisition and analysis were used to investigate the dynamics of neurochemical action on spontaneous contractions of continuously perfused oviducts and hindguts isolated from female mosquitoes (aedes aegypti). proctolin, leucomyosuppressin (lms), serotonin and octopamine, which are known to modulate insect muscle contractions, and a mosquito neuropeptide, aedes head peptide i (aea-hp-i), which inhibits host-seeking behavior, were ... | 1995 | 7490571 |
| [the residual effect of temephos on aedes aegypti larvae]. | one of the most used strategies for controlling aedes aegypti is the use of the larvicide temephós (abate). this larvicide has a prolonged residual effect which allows planning the focal treatments. this study aims to verify the duration of the larvicide residual effect stimulating a field situation. plastic containers of one and five liters were treated with temephós and the residual effect was evaluated every 30 day after the treatment. different residual effect was observed in the containers ... | 2013 | 8668838 |
| electrophysiological responses of receptor neurons in mosquito maxillary palp sensilla to carbon dioxide. | sensilla basiconica on the maxillary palps of female aedes aegypti contain a receptor neuron which produces a phasic-tonic pattern of action potential response to low concentrations (150-300 ppm) of carbon dioxide (co2), a stimulus known to be involved with host seeking behavior. these receptor neurons respond reliably to small increments in co2 concentration (e.g., 50 ppm). we were particularly interested in evaluating the possibility that the sensitivity to step increases in co2 concentration ... | 1995 | 7674195 |
| residual activity of three slow-release temephos formulations against aedes aegypti larvae. | residual effectiveness of plaster matrix formulations of temephos and temephos plus an emulsifier (atlox 3409f) were evaluated against aedes aegypti larvae during an 8-wk period. formulations of 2% and 5% (ai) atlox with 5% (ai) temephos yielded 100% larval mortality for 8 wk. a 5% temephos formulation without the addition of the emulsifier produced 100% larval mortality through only 1 wk. | 1995 | 8551307 |
| isolation of the insecticidal components of tagetes minuta (compositae) against mosquito larvae and adults. | application of tagetes minuta floral extract to silica gel column chromatography produced 2 fractions with the hydrogenate part 20-30 times more toxic to larvae and 12-13 times more toxic to adults of aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi, respectively, than the oxygenate part. further fractionation by column chromatography of the hydrogenate fraction produced 4 thiophenes, 5-(but-3-ene-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene, 5-(but-3-ene-1-ynyl)-5'-methyl-2,2'-bithiophene, 2,2',5',2"-terthiophene, and 5-meth ... | 1995 | 8551298 |
| molecular cloning of a major cockroach (blattella germanica) allergen, bla g 2. sequence homology to the aspartic proteases. | inhalation of allergens produced by the german cockroach (blattella germanica) elicits ige antibody formation and the development of asthma in genetically predisposed individuals. we compared the allergenic importance of two cockroach (cr) allergens, bla g 1 and bla g 2, and determined the complete amino acid sequence of the major 36-kda allergen, bla g2. a survey of 106 sera from cr allergic patients showed the prevalence of ige antibodies to bla g 1 and bla g 2 to be 30.2% and 57.6%, respectiv ... | 1995 | 7642642 |
| toward a physical map of aedes aegypti. | labelled recombinant cosmids were used as in situ hybridization probes to aedes aegypti metaphase chromosomes. the cosmid probes yielded paired signals, one on each arm of sister chromatids, and they were ordered along the three chromosomes. in total, thirty-seven different probes were mapped to the three chromosomes of ae. aegypti (2n = 6): twenty-eight to chromosome 1, six to chromosome 2, and six to chromosome 3. these results represent an initial stage in the generation of a physical map of ... | 1995 | 8589842 |
| cloning, sequencing and functional expression of an acetylcholinesterase gene from the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | a degenerate pcr strategy was used to isolate a fragment of the acetylcholinesterase gene (ace) homolog from aedes aegypti and screen for a cdna clone containing the complete open reading frame of the gene. the predicted amino acid sequence of the aedes gene shares 64% identity with ace from drosophila and 87% identity with the acetylcholinesterase gene from another mosquito species anopheles stephensi. high levels of expression of the aedes gene were achieved by infection of sf21 cells with a r ... | 1995 | 7635199 |
| spread of aedes albopictus and decline of ae. aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in florida. | waste tires and other types of artificial containers were sampled for immature aedes to monitor changes in the occurrence of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) in florida. the initial invasion and spread of ae. albopictus in florida occurred in the northern part of florida. throughout this region, major declines in the abundance of ae. aegypti have been associated with the expansion of ae. albopictus in both urban and rural areas. generally, the same results have occurred in central ... | 1995 | 7650719 |
| improved medium for aedes aegypti tissue culture. | | 1995 | 7548955 |
| control of mosquito breeding using wood scrapings treated with neem oil. | wood scrapings were given shape of a ball and soaked in 5, 10 and 20% neem (azadirachta indica) oil diluted in acetone. control of anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti breeding in water storage overhead tanks (ohts) with the application of these balls was achieved for 45 days. two balls soaked in 5% neem oil produced the best results among other concentrations tested. | 1995 | 7589730 |
| characterization of a salivary gland-specific esterase in the vector mosquito, aedes aegypti. | esterase enzymatic activity was investigated in salivary gland lysates of adult aedes aegypti. esterases in lysates made from female glands had higher specific activity than those in lysates from male glands towards beta-naphthyl acetate but showed no difference with alpha-naphthyl butyrate as a substrate. female salivary gland lysates showed no difference in activity to alpha- and beta-forms of naphthyl acetate and no discernable activity towards alpha-naphthyl caprate. both female and male sal ... | 1995 | 7787844 |
| transient expression of a promoter-reporter construct in differentiated adult salivary glands and embryos of the mosquito aedes aegypti. | vector-borne pathogens develop in close association with specific tissues in their insect hosts. efforts are being made to characterize insect genes that are expressed in tissues that have important roles in pathogen propagation. successful transfection and expression of exogenous genes in terminally differentiated tissues of insects has previously proven difficult. here we report a method that should allow the analysis of genes that are expressed in adult tissues and organs. transient expressio ... | 1995 | 7771613 |
| effect of ethylene bis isobutyl xanthate isolated from a marine green alga dictyosphaeria favulosa on mosquito aedes aegypti. | | 1995 | 7558202 |
| [single larva sampling for aedes aegypti surveillance]. | buildings in araraquara city, southeastern brazil, were searched during a year for the presence of aedes larvae using single larva sampling in order to check the single-larva methodology. in those breeding places in which aedes larvae were found, one of them was collected. as a control, after the single larva had been collected, all the larvae from the breeding place were collected for later identification. this process was repeated in the laboratory. of the 447 domiciles searched, 12 were consi ... | 1995 | 8525326 |
| laboratory evaluation of an ovipositional trap for mosquito adults aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). | a trap was designed, fabricated and evaluated for trapping and killing ovipositing females of the yellow fever mosquito aedes. aegypti. water in which larval stages had previously dwelt for 48 hrs. formed the attractant source for ovipositing mosquito females. the trap was evaluated under different experimental conditions. single choice and double choice experiments were performed with or without glue applied to inner surfaces, to determine trap efficacy. effect of population size and alteration ... | 1995 | 7636150 |
| relationship between cold hardiness and supercooling point in aedes albopictus eggs. | for many insects, low temperatures are not lethal unless their tissues freeze. to determine whether freezing is the cause of low temperature mortality of aedes albopictus eggs, we measured their lower lethal temperature, the temperature that causes 50% mortality in a population, and supercooling point, the temperature at which the tissues freeze. tropical and temperate ae. albopictus eggs were tested under different diapause and cold acclimation conditions. temperate ae. albopictus eggs had a lo ... | 1995 | 7616187 |
| gene for cytochrome c oxidase subunit ii in the mitochondrial dna of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the cytochrome c oxidase subunit ii (coii) gene between transfer rna for leu and lys in the mitochondrial dna of culex quinquefasciatus say and aedes aegypti (l.) was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. both the gene order and direction of transcription were identical to anopheles and drosophila. nucleotide sequences of the pcr-amplified coii genes in these two mosquitoes exhibited 88% homology, and the frequency of transition was very close to that of transversion. the h ... | 1995 | 7608924 |
| partial purification of plasma phenoloxidase of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae). | a nitrocellulose-based assay was developed using a dot-blot apparatus to detect phenoloxidase activity in column fractions. using this assay, plasma phenoloxidase was partially purified from aedes aegypti larvae using hydrophobic interaction chromatography, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. the molecular weight (m(r)) native enzyme was 130,000, and it contained subunits of 76,000, 62,000, and 58,000. two phenoloxidase peaks were observed by ion exchange chromatography, and these f ... | 1995 | 7584838 |
| resistance in some caribbean populations of aedes aegypti to several insecticides. | thirty-four strains of aedes aegypti larvae from 17 caribbean countries were bioassayed for sensitivity to temephos, malathion, fenitrothion, fenthion, and chlorpyrifos. there were fairly high levels of resistance in tortola (10-12-fold resistance) and antigua (6-9-fold resistance) strains to temephos and to fenthion (tortola, 7-10-fold; antigua, 6-10-fold resistance). most other strains showed some resistance to malathion, fenitrothion, and chlorpyrifos, but only moderate levels. adult populati ... | 1995 | 7542312 |
| reappraisal of the pore channel system in the grooved pegs of aedes aegypti. | pore channels occur along the grooves of lactic acid-receptive grooved pegs on the antennae of female aedes aegypti. there are about 38 pore openings per groove or about 456 per peg. this finding is in conflict with the previous report that pore channels were extremely rare. the pore channels are of a similar electron density to the cuticle of the peg, making them difficult to see. for this reason many of the pore channels were probably overlooked in the previous study. we could not find a termi ... | 1995 | 18621297 |
| comparative linkage maps for the mosquitoes, aedes albopictus and ae. aegypti, based on common rflp loci. | aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti are members of the mosquito family culicidae and share a haploid chromosome complement of three. although a genetic linkage map based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp), markers exists for ae. aegypti, the extent of synteny and linkage order conservation between the two species was unknown. a comparative linkage map for ae. albopictus was constructed based mainly on cdna clones from ae. aegypti. nearly all ae. aegypti probes hybridized to ae. al ... | 1995 | 7742975 |
| early trypsin activity is part of the signal transduction system that activates transcription of the late trypsin gene in the midgut of the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | trypsin activity during the first hours after feeding is essential to induce late trypsin gene expression. these results are consistent with the idea that free amino acids or other products released during digestion might be the initial signal for transcriptional activation of late trypsin. besides early trypsin, some other factor(s) have to be translated for induction of late trypsin. this is the first case in which the proteolytic activity of a digestive enzyme is part of the signal transducti ... | 1995 | 7711754 |
| effect of some new insect growth regulators on metamorphosis & reproduction of aedes aegypti. | fourth instar larvae and pupae of ae. aegypti were treated with four most active insect growth regulators from a new series of mixed alkyl and aryl diethers based on geraniol. considerable reduction in fecundity and fertility of adults was obtained. treatment of pupae or pharate adults did not affect adult emergence. topical treatment of adult females caused great reduction in fertility and fecundity in older as compared to younger females. in addition to the effects on reproduction, adult survi ... | 1995 | 7883278 |
| mosquito ecdysteroid receptor: analysis of the cdna and expression during vitellogenesis. | an insect steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), plays an important role in regulating egg maturation in mosquitoes. to better understand its role, we cloned the cdna coding for the putative ecdysteroid receptor from the mosquito, aedes aegypti (aaecr). the 4158 bp aaecr cdna has an open reading frame of 675 amino acids with 10 potential glycosylation sites and a putative phosphorylation polyserine domain. the aaecr has a dna binding domain with two zinc fingers and a ligand binding domain c ... | 1995 | 7711747 |
| ovariolar 'basal body' development and physiological age of the mosquito aedes aegypti. | dissection of the ovaries of the mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) revealed, in each ovariole, a group of seven to nine specialized epithelial cells in a region of the calyx wall that is enclosed by the end of the ovariolar sheath. this group of cells is termed the basal body. during ovulation, the mature oocyte passes from the ovariole into the calyx lumen through the basal body. subsequently, granulation occurs in the basal body cells. the granular basal bodies differ from all previo ... | 1995 | 7696694 |
| isolation and characterization of mosquito ferritin and cloning of a cdna that encodes one subunit. | ferritin, an iron storage protein, was isolated from larvae and pupae of aedes aegypti grown in an iron-rich medium. mosquito ferritin is a high molecular weight protein composed of several different, relatively small, subunits. subunits of molecular mass 24, 26, and 28 kda are equally abundant, while that of 30 kda is present only in small amounts. the n-terminal sequence of the 24 and 26 kda subunits are identical for the first 30 amino acids, while that of the 28 kda subunit differs. studies ... | 1995 | 7655055 |
| education and employment of medical entomologists in aedes aegypti control programmes. | most dengue/dhf endemic countries have facilities for the training of entomologists. however, experience has shown that many of the graduates of such courses remain in the area of research and relatively few are employed in aedes aegypti vector-control programmes. few university courses in medical entomology provide specific training in vector control including such subjects as the organization and administration of vector control programmes and vector-control methods; chemical, biological and e ... | 1994 | 7844845 |
| egg chorion tanning in aedes aegypti mosquito. | the biochemical pathway of egg chorion tanning in the mosquito, aedes aegypti, is described and compared with chorion protein crosslinking in drosophila and silkmoths and the biochemical pathways of cuticular tanning in insects. phenol oxidase, dopa decarboxylase and tyrosine are critical components involved in egg chorion tanning in a. aegypti. tanning of the mosquito egg chorion is initiated following activation of phenol oxidase, which then catalyzes the hydroxylation of tyrosine to dopa and ... | 1994 | 7828027 |
| dopachrome conversion activity in aedes aegypti: significance during melanotic encapsulation of parasites and cuticular tanning. | phenol oxidase (po) and dopachrome conversion enzyme (dce) were partially purified from aedes aegypti larvae by ammonium sulfate fractionation. po from a. aegypti functions in the hydroxylation of monophenols (e.g., tyrosine and tyramine) to their related o-diphenols, and the oxidation of o-diphenols (e.g., l-dopa, dopamine, n-acetyldopamine) to their respective o-quinones. partially purified dce showed high specificity toward dopachrome generated from dopa with the l-configuration. the combined ... | 1994 | 7703986 |
| time to death from starvation and compulsive killing by the larvae of toxorhynchites splendens (diptera: culicidae). | time to death from starvation and compulsive killing without eating of the prey by larvae of toxorhynchites splendens were studied in the laboratory. the first and second instars survived without food for 3 days while third and fourth instars survived for 7.8 and 14 days, respectively. when the corresponding instars of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi or culex quinquefasciatus were offered, the number of prey killed but not eaten ranged from 0 to 15 per 40 prey larvae. compulsive killing of ae ... | 1994 | 7887340 |
| toxicity of extracts from three tagetes against adults and larvae of yellow fever mosquito and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | whole-plant soxhlet extractions for the three tagetes species showed that t. minuta had the greatest biocidal effect on the larvae and adults of aedes aegypti (l.) and anopheles stephensi liston. bioassays of simultaneous steam distillation extractions of the various parts of t. minuta found extracts from the flowers provided ld90s of 4 and 8 ppm against the larvae and 0.4 and 0.45% against the adults of a. aegypti and a. stephensi, respectively. further research on t. minuta floral extracts as ... | 1994 | 7815394 |
| the effect of neemazal on aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the effect of neemazal (trifolio-m gmbh, lahnau), a neem seed kernel extract, on larvae of aedes aegypti was tested. second, third and fourth instar larvae were reared in water containing different concentrations of neemazal. mortality rates and the stage in which mortality occurred were recorded. the surviving larvae were left in the treated water until adult emergence and the number of eggs laid by the emerged females was recorded in order to evaluate possible fecundity-reducing effect of subl ... | 1994 | 7812312 |
| aquatic safety of lagenidium giganteum: effects on freshwater fish and invertebrates. | eleven freshwater species were exposed to a zoosporeproducing fungus, lagenidium giganteum, with the goal of determining species sensitivity with standard and new test procedures. the tests included standard, 4-day acute exposures of cladocerans (ceriodaphnia dubia, daphnia pulex, and d. magna) and the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas). standard 7-day chronic exposures of c. dubia and a 7-day embryo-larval exposure of p. promelas were also conducted. new, 4-day acute, methods were developed f ... | 1994 | 7806894 |
| functional expression of insecticide-resistant gaba receptors from the mosquito aedes aegypti. | we are interested in cloning insecticide resistance genes from vector mosquitos for use as selectable markers in their genetic transformation. as a first step towards this goal, we here report the functional homomultimeric expression of a gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor subunit gene, resistance to dieldrin (rdl), from the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti in baculovirus-infected insect cell lines. replacement of alanine296 with a serine leads to approximately 100-fold insensitivity to ... | 1994 | 7704314 |
| toxicity of the blue-green alga oscillatoria agardhii to the mosquito aedes aegypti and the shrimp artemia salina. | the cyanobacterium oscillatoria agardhii 27, which does not produce mammalian neuro- or hepatotoxins, was highly toxic to the larval stages of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti: its 24-h lc50 values against fourth-and second-instar larvae of a. aegypti were 8.7 and 6.1 μg live cells/ml, respectively. the toxin was water-soluble and was partially purified but the chemical nature of the toxic compound(s) is still unknown. aqueous solutions were also toxic to the newborn larvae of the brine s ... | 1994 | 24421123 |
| measurement of flight tone differences between female aedes aegypti and a. albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | mosquito flight tone was amplified and digitally sampled at 20,000 samples per second (hz). resampling of the resulting sound files at 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 hz allowed comparison of flight tone frequency distributions for males and females of aedes aegypti (l.) and a. albopictus (skuse). frequency distributions for females of the two species did not overlap at sampling rates of 5,000 hz or higher, whereas considerable overlap was observed at the 1,000 hz sampling rate. males of the two specie ... | 1994 | 7966173 |
| comparative repellent properties of certain chemicals against mosquitoes, house flies and cockroaches using modified techniques. | several terpenoids were assessed for their repellent/toxic properties against mosquitoes (aedes aegypti), house flies (musca domestica) and cockroaches (periplaneta americana). impregnated wide mesh netting was used in the case of the dipterans, while treated filtered paper was employed for the bioassays with cockroaches. persistence of the repellent chemicals was studied. doses ranged from 5-20 gm/m2 for the dipterans and 25-100 mg per 4 x 4 cm filter paper for the cockroaches. dimethyl phthala ... | 1994 | 7868839 |
| a device for monitoring and control of mosquitoes by behaviour manipulation. | a trap was designed and fabricated for capturing mosquito larvae based on their behavioural responses to food and light. the larvae upon entering the trap died ultimately due to asphyxiation. maximum success was achieved with aedes aegypti larvae in lesser water volumes. the usefulness of the device for studying the response of mosquito larvae and aquatic organisms to chemicals, baits, light, various stimuli and possible pest/vector monitoring and management in aquatic eco-system is discussed. | 1994 | 7814048 |
| aedes albopictus distribution, abundance, and colonization in lee county, florida, and its effect on aedes aegypti. | in 1992 the known southern limit of aedes albopictus in florida was in lee county. through oviposition surveillance, the distribution of ae. albopictus was determined, and its frequency relative to aedes aegypti and colonization pattern of areas previously occupied by ae. aegypti were examined in lee county. the data collected in the first year of surveillance demonstrate the ability of ae. albopictus to rapidly and preferentially colonize large expanses of rural southwest florida. urban and sub ... | 1994 | 7807083 |
| quantitative sampling of immature aedes aegypti in metal drums using sweep net and dipping methods. | the behavior of aquatic stages of aedes aegypti was evaluated in 200-liter metal drums to develop improved surveillance. when known numbers of larvae recovered with a rectangular net and with a standard dipper were compared, all stages except 1st instar were most numerous in the top 1/3 of the drum. water temperature was the only significant variable affecting the vertical distribution of 4th-instar larvae; light intensity and ph were nonsignificant factors. rust in the water was also thought to ... | 1994 | 7807082 |
| utilization of bloodfed females of aedes aegypti as a vehicle for the transfer of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen to larval habitats. | bloodfed female aedes aegypti were exposed to a surface treated with pyriproxyfen at 1.0 g m2 for 30 min and then allowed to lay eggs in cups of water containing 4th-instar larvae. adult emergence from the immatures was highly inhibited, and transmission of pyriproxyfen from the females to the water was revealed. the transfer of the chemical to the water decreased with time before the blood meal. chemical analysis for pyriproxyfen on the exoskeleton of treated females demonstrated the rapid disa ... | 1994 | 7807075 |
| identification of damaged adult female specimens of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti in the new world. | two introduced species of aedes (stegomyia), aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti, occur in the new world. three characters, easily and simultaneously observed from an anteroventral view, allow for rapid and reliable specific identification of most specimens that lack the characteristic scutal scale patterns. these 3 characters are the presence or absence of pale scales on the clypeus; the presence or absence of a narrow, median line of pale scales on the anterior face of the midfemora; and the pa ... | 1994 | 7528784 |
| culekinin depolarizing peptide: a mosquito leucokinin-like peptide that influences insect malpighian tubule ion transport. | a peptide termed culekinin depolarizing peptide (cdp) was isolated from approximately 1.2 million mosquitos (94% culex salinarius). the peptide was isolated on the basis of a rapid myotropic assay that utilized a hindgut preparation from leucophaea maderae and a transepithelial voltage assay that used mosquito malpighian tubules from aedes aegypti. a 15% trifluoroacetic acid extraction from the mosquitos, two solid phase extraction steps, and six hplc steps resulted in the isolation of 9.7 nmol ... | 1994 | 7800855 |
| isolation and identification of three leucokinins from the mosquito aedes aegypti. | three leucokinins were isolated from the mosquito aedes aegypti. the amino acid sequences of the aedes leukokinins 1, 2 and 3 have been determined to be asn-ser-lys-tyr-val-ser-lys-gln-lys-phe-tyr-ser-trp-gly-amide, asn-pro-phe-his-ala-trp-gly-amide and asn-asn-pro-asn-val-phe-tyr-pro-trp-gly-amide, respectively. | 1994 | 8048942 |
| endogenous regulation of the attraction of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | even when host attractants are present, there are times when endogenous physiological mechanisms prevent female mosquitoes from responding to them and engaging in host-seeking behavior. these times include a brief postemergence period, periods of the day determined by a circadian clock, and following a blood meal before and after eggs develop, which are controlled by nervous and humoral mechanisms. other factors such as age, nutrition, and mating status can further modulate host-seeking behavior ... | 1994 | 8965086 |
| sensory bases of attractancy: morphology of mosquito olfactory sensilla-- a review. | the internal and external ultrastructure of virtually all of the olfactory sensilla of the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi have been described. many other mosquitoes have had their olfactory complements partially described. this review summarizes ultrastructural features and suspected biological roles of the small sensilla coeloconica, large sensilla coeloconica, sensilla ampullaceae, grooved pegs and sensilla trichodea of mosquito antennae, and the capitate pegs of mosquito pal ... | 1994 | 8965084 |
| aedes aegypti lipophorin. | the purified lipophorin of aedes aegypti (diptera) is composed of two apolipoproteins: apolipophorin i (m(r)=224,000) and apolipophorin ii (m(r)=73,000). the density of lipophorin is constant during the aedes life-cycle and equal to 1.11 +/- 0.01 g/ml. the amount of lipophorin per animal, during the gonotrophic cycles, increases until 48 hr after blood-feeding and then decreases until there is a new blood intake. the density values and quantification of lipophorin during aedes aegypti gonotrophi ... | 1994 | 11570397 |
| de novo biosynthesis of juvenile hormone iii and i by the accessory glands of the male mosquito. | the role of the male accessory glands (mag) in reproduction was investigated in the mosquito aedes aegypti. mag incubated with [14c]acetate synthesized radioactively labeled jh iii, jh iii bisepoxide and methyl farnesoate. mag incubated with l-[methyl-3h]methionine synthesized [3h]jh iii and a molecule that chromatographed on hplc with jh i. analysis of mag and whole males extract by glass capillary combined gas-chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry identified jh iii and i as ... | 1994 | 8205141 |
| triglyceride-rich lipophorin in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | a lipoprotein was isolated from aedes aegypti (l.) larvae. this lipoprotein resembled the typical lipoprotein responsible for lipid transport in insect hemolymph, also called lipophorin. the mosquito lipophorin had a hydrated density of 1.113 g/ml and contained 49% lipid and 3.2% carbohydrate. in contrast to all other insect species studied thus far, the major lipid component of the mosquito lipophorin was triacylglycerol. the native lipophorin had an apparent molecular weight of 480 kd and cont ... | 1994 | 8057318 |
| analysis of mosquito vitellogenin cdna. similarity with vertebrate phosvitins and arthropod serum proteins. | the cdna coding for vitellogenin of the mosquito aedes aegypti was cloned and sequenced. an immunological analysis of expressed deletions from the 5'-end of the vitellogenin cdna clones using vitellogenin subunit-specific antibodies showed that the small vitellogenin subunit is located at the n terminus and the large one at the carboxy-portion of the pre-provitellogenin. the position of the cleavage between the vitellogenin subunits in the pre-provitellogenin was identified by locating the n ter ... | 1994 | 8158643 |
| a comparative study of leucokinin-immunoreactive neurons in insects. | antisera were raised against leucokinin iv, a member of the leucokinin peptide family. immunohistochemical localization of leucokinin immunoreactivity in the brain of the cockroach nauphoeta cinerea revealed neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis and pars lateralis, several bilateral pairs of interneurons in the protocerebrum, and a group of interneurons in the optic lobe. several immunoreactive interneurons were found in the thoracic ganglia, while the abdominal ganglia contained prom ... | 1994 | 7910521 |
| cold acclimation, diapause, and geographic origin affect cold hardiness in eggs of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | eggs of five strains of aedes albopictus (skuse) were obtained in both diapause and nondiapause conditions and exposed to various cold acclimation regimes in the laboratory, after which they were subjected to diverse chilling treatments. larvae that survived chilling as eggs survived to the pupal stage. eggs of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes triseriatus (say) were included as control species. eggs of temperate ae. albopictus were more cold-hardy than eggs of ae. aegypti but less cold-hardy than th ... | 1994 | 8189409 |
| mosquito repellency & toxicity of isomeric n, n-diethyltolylacetamides. | three isomers of n, n-diethyltolylacetamides were synthesized and evaluated against aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus for repellency and with mice for ld50, as an indicator of mammalian toxicity. of these, n, n-diethyl-p-tolylacetamide (depta) showed comparatively better repellency against c. quinquefasciatus. all the compounds showed higher repellency against c. quinquefasciatus than ae. aegypti. in addition, n, n-diethyl-m-tolylacetamide (demta) was found to be least toxic to mice. | 1994 | 8063347 |
| effect of ambrosia maritima on anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. | the toxicity of the molluscicidal plant ambrosia maritima l. was evaluated against anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. in the larvicidal assays a negligible mortality was observed in both species after application of the dried leaves in the water at concentrations up to 2000 mg/l. when the powdered leaves were applied at the surface of the water, however, up to 38% of the larvae of a. stephensi were killed at 2000 mg/l. virtually no inhibitory effect on the larval growth of both species was n ... | 1994 | 8046947 |
| studies on the inheritance of repellent tolerances in aedes aegypti. | two laboratory strains and 6 inbred strains of aedes aegypti were tested against deet, ethyl hexanediol, dimethyl phthalate, and indalone. reciprocal crosses and backcrosses of 2 inbred strains were tested against deet only. results obtained were compatible with a quantitative genetic model in which the effects of the factors involved were multiplicative. certain inbred strains differed significantly from cognate laboratory and/or inbred strains in tolerance to one or more test materials. herita ... | 1994 | 8014634 |
| reproductive isolation between florida strains of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | the dynamics of heterospecific and conspecific mating between florida strains of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus was examined. in nonchoice experiments where conspecific males were not available, dissection of the spermathecae showed that heterospecific insemination was an infrequent event for both species combinations (10.6% for ae. albopictus with ae. aegypti males, 3.6% for the reciprocal cross). few eggs were produced from heterospecific crosses and all were nonviable. frequency of hetero ... | 1994 | 8014633 |
| comparison of bi-directional fay, omni-directional, cdc, and duplex cone traps for sampling adult aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti in north florida. | we compared the number of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti females collected in cdc, duplex cone, bi-directional fay, and new omni-directional traps in a series of trials in northern florida during 1992 and 1993. bi-directional fay and omni-directional traps collected significantly more ae. albopictus females than did the other traps tested. the bi-directional fay trap collected significantly more ae. aegypti females than did any other trap. the results of these studies indicate that these tra ... | 1994 | 8014632 |
| toxicity of newly synthesized pyrethroids against the yellow fever mosquito larvae, aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | synthesis of p-substituted benzyl esters of (+/-) cis 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropane-carboxylic acid has been reported. (+/-) cis dichlorovinyl acid esters of p-substituted phenols acquired insecticidal activity after introduction of methylene group. the insecticidal activity shown against mosquito larvae a. aegypti by compounds having electron withdrawing groups such as -no2, -cn was substantially higher than that of the compounds having electron-donating groups such as -ch3, -o ... | 1994 | 8045613 |
| polymerase chain reaction diagnostic for cyclodiene insecticide resistance in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | | 1994 | 8161855 |
| meiosis and chromosomal effects of thio-tepa in the ovarian cells of aedes aegypti. | the development of meiosis during oogenesis in the normal, and 0.1% thio-tepa (triethylene thiophosphoramide) fed female of aedes aegypti was studied. chromosome preparations were made from adults 24 h after a blood meal. the frequency of various kinds of chromosomal abnormalities was analysed. | 1994 | 8001399 |
| effects of the insect growth regulators oms 2017 and diflubenzuron on the reproductive potential of aedes aegypti. | the effects of 2 benzoylphenylurea insect growth regulators, oms 2017 and diflubenzuron, on 4th instar larvae of aedes aegypti were investigated in the laboratory. apart from delayed lethal action, possible effects on the reproductive potential were also studied. a baseline concentration of each compound causing 30% emergence inhibition was determined. at this concentration, oms 2017 affected fecundity of the mosquito but diflubenzuron did not. the fertility of females that survived oms 2017 exp ... | 1993 | 8126477 |
| cultured aedes albopictus mosquito cells synthesize hormone-inducible proteins. | to provide a framework for biochemical investigation of ecdysteroid action in aedes albopictus mosquito cells, we examined the effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone on cell growth and morphology, synthesis of inducible proteins (eips), and expression of a transfected gene regulated by a synthetic ecdysteroid response element. when cells were cultured in the continuous presence of 10(-6) m 20-hydroxyecdysone, the rate of growth decreased and subtle changes in cell morphology were observed. in both aedes a ... | 1993 | 8118617 |
| estimation of the number of full sibling families at an oviposition site using rapd-pcr markers: applications to the mosquito aedes aegypti. | there are many species in which groups of individuals encountered in the field are known to consist of mixtures of full-sibling families. we describe a statistical technique, based on the use of random amplified polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr) markers, that allows for the estimation of the number of families contained in these groups. we test the technique on full-sibling families of the mosquito aedes aegypti, a species that distributes its eggs among several locations. mix ... | 1993 | 24194008 |
| mass spectrometry and characterization of aedes aegypti trypsin modulating oostatic factor (tmof) and its analogs. | trypsin modulating oostatic factor (tmof), a decapeptide that directly inhibits the biosynthesis of trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like enzymes in epithelial cells of mosquito midgut and indirectly inhibits vitellogenesis in anautogenous females, has been sequenced by fourier transform mass spectrometry analysis. the peptide has a primary amino acid sequence of nh2-tyr-asp-pro-ala-(pro)6-cooh and probably exhibits left-handed helical conformation as was shown by computer stereoview simulation. the fa ... | 1993 | 8353526 |
| distribution, abundance and bionomics of aedes albopictus in southern texas. | a survey was conducted for aedes albopictus in southern texas during the summer of 1992. thirty-five new country records were added to the distribution of this imported mosquito in texas. aedes albopictus was widely distributed throughout the ecological regions in the survey area, but its abundance decreased in counties adjacent to the rio grande river. however, these counties had high densities of aedes aegypti. | 1993 | 8245952 |
| comparison of sampling efficacy of sweeping and dipping for aedes aegypti larvae in tires. | a sweep net with a flexible plastic frame was compared to a dipper for sampling efficacy for aedes aegypti larvae in different-sized tires. when known numbers of mosquito larvae were introduced into tires, from 2 to 6.8 times more larvae were recovered by sweeping than by dipping. sediment in the tires significantly reduced the recovery of larvae by both methods. sampling efficacy was affected by water level and tire size. in relation to dipping, sweeping showed less variation in percentage reco ... | 1993 | 8245942 |
| a parvo-like virus persistently infecting a c6/36 clone of aedes albopictus mosquito cell line and pathogenic for aedes aegypti larvae. | we have isolated and partially characterized from an apparently healthy c6/36 subclone of aedes albopictus cell line a small icosahedral non-enveloped dna virus, designated aapv. this virus proved to be highly pathogenic for aedes aegypti neonate larvae. viral infection persisted for over 4 years in the cell culture without any cytopathic effect. attempts to infect suckling mice, drosophila melanogaster adults and spodoptera littoralis larvae with aapv were unsuccessful. similarly, the aapv fail ... | 1993 | 8212862 |
| cloning and sequencing of the cyclodiene insecticide resistance gene from the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. conservation of the gene and resistance associated mutation with drosophila. | in order to examine the conservation of the mechanism of cyclodiene insecticide resistance between species we cloned a cdna from the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti homologous to the resistance gene rdl in drosophila. in d. melanogaster, resistance to cyclodienes and picrotoxinin is caused by a single amino acid substitution (alanine to serine) in the putative channel lining of a gamma-aminobutyic acid gated chloride ion channel. we report that the mosquito gene not only shows high homology ... | 1993 | 8391473 |
| arachidonic acid and prostaglandin e2 in malpighian tubules of female yellow fever mosquitoes. | the fatty acid compositions of malpighian tubules from adult females of the mosquito aedes aegypti were determined for total lipids, phospholipids, triacylglycerols and three phospholipid fractions, namely phosphatidylcholine (pc), phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) and phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylserine (pi/ps). the prostaglandin precursor arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) occurred in total lipids and phospholipids, but not triacylglycerols. within phospholipids, nearly all of the 20:4n-6 was detected ... | 1993 | 8508185 |
| aedes aegypti in new jersey. | | 1993 | 8350084 |
| gorging response of culicine mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) to blood fractions. | although anopheline mosquitoes will ingest plasma without blood cells, culex spp. and aedes spp. require the phagostimulatory effect of blood cells; this effect can be duplicated by the addition of adenine-nucleotides to plasma. because activation of platelets released adp and atp into the plasma, they were suspected as the major source of the phagostimulant. this paper describes quantitatively the role of platelets in ingestion by aedes aegypti (l.) and culex univittatus theobald. we found that ... | 1993 | 8510110 |
| vapour toxicity & repellence of some essential oils & terpenoids to adults of aedes aegypti (l) (diptera: culicidae). | bioefficacy of commercially used synthetic insecticides/repellents and potential of selected essential oils and terpenoids were assessed against mosquitoes. essential oils and terpenoids, were vapourised in commercially manufactured mosquito repellent electronic assemblies and effects of such vapours were tested on 6-7 days old adult female aedes aegypti. commercially available 'mats' (coir rectangles) impregnated with allethrin were used as standards for comparison of kt50 and kt90 values. fast ... | 1993 | 8406635 |
| differential particle uptake by larvae of three mosquito species (diptera: culicidae). | second and fourth instars of culex quinquefasciatus say and aedes aegypti (l.) and fourth instars of culiseta morsitans (theobald) were fed five size classes of latex particles ranging from 0.56 to 5.75 microns. each experimental run was done on two size classes of particles mixed in different proportions of 10:90, 50:50, and 90:10. both the gut contents and the food mixtures were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the particle percentage composition was determined. the null hypothesis that no part ... | 1993 | 8099623 |
| effect of the insect growth regulator methoprene on the ovipositional behavior of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. | laboratory and field tests were conducted to determine the attractiveness of the insect growth regulator methoprene to ovipositing mosquitoes when presented at concentrations used in mosquito control programs. laboratory experiments indicated that ovipositing culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti were not attracted to methoprene. in field experiments, culex stigmatosoma and cx. quinquefasciatus larval dip counts in experimental ponds treated with methoprene briquets were not significantly dif ... | 1993 | 8468569 |
| effects of preblood-meal sugar on sugar seeking and upwind flight by gravid and parous aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | sugar seeking and upwind flight of gravid and parous female aedes aegypti (l.) was measured by their attraction to honey in a dual-port airflow olfactometer at selected time intervals after a blood meal. comparisons were made between pre-blood-meal sugar-fed and unfed females. sugar-fed females had greater total energy reserves, mostly because of elevated lipid levels. gravid mosquitoes in both groups showed a strong tendency to fly upwind. this appears to be a pre-ovipositional response. gravid ... | 1993 | 8459411 |
| regulation of epithelial shunt conductance by the peptide leucokinin. | isolated malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti spontaneously secrete nacl, kcl and water across an epithelium of modest transepithelial resistance (40-80 omega cm2) and high transepithelial voltage (30-70 mv, lumen positive). transepithelial electrochemical potentials indicate that na and k are secreted by active and cl by passive transport mechanisms. the addition of synthetic leucokinin-viii (lk-viii, insect myotropic peptide) to the peritubular bath significantly incre ... | 1993 | 8459448 |
| structure, expression, and hormonal control of genes from the mosquito, aedes aegypti, which encode proteins similar to the vitelline membrane proteins of drosophila melanogaster. | genomic and cdna clones of a gene expressed after a blood meal in the mosquito, aedes aegypti, were identified as having significant similarity to the vitelline membrane protein genes of drosophila melanogaster. the predicted protein had unusually high contents of alanine, histidine, and proline and contained a region of hydrophobic amino acids that was highly conserved in the predicted protein of the d. melanogaster vitelline membrane protein genes. the 15a gene was expressed from 5 to 40 hr af ... | 1993 | 8432405 |
| isolation, sequencing and characterization of two cdna clones coding for trypsin-like enzymes from the midgut of aedes aegypti. | in order to understand the regulation of trypsin genes by the blood meal, we constructed a cdna library from mrna isolated from midguts of blood-fed female aedes aegypti. the library was screened with a drosophila melanogaster trypsin-like gene; twelve cdnas were isolated and sequenced. two clones were 846 bp and 788 bp long with 762 bp and 716 bp open reading frames, respectively. the cdnas were identified as coding for serine proteases by the presence of conserved serine, histidine and asparti ... | 1993 | 9087545 |
| changes in enzyme titres with age in four geographical strains of aedes aegypti and their association with insecticide resistance. | the enzymes acetylcholinesterase, glutathione s-transferase (gst), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd), and general esterases were assayed in four strains of aedes aegypti mosquitoes aged between 1 and 30 days. microtitre plate methods were used to assay activity in the homogenates of individual mosquitoes. the levels of gst and g6pd declined with the age of the mosquitoes, while the activity for the other enzymes remained constant. soluble protein content was also found to decline with mos ... | 1993 | 8435483 |
| detection of multiple blood feeding in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) during a single gonotrophic cycle using a histologic technique. | we evaluated a histologic technique for its usefulness in detecting multiple blood feeding by aedes aegypti (l.) in a single gonotrophic cycle. to standardize the procedure, we carried out a laboratory study in which 166 mosquitoes imbibed two blood meals at known intervals. eighty percent (78/98) of the multiple meals were detected when the interval between meals was from 1 to < to = 24 h and the time from the second meal to fixation ranged from 0 to 12 hr. at intervals outside this range, only ... | 1993 | 8433350 |
| codon preference of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | the codon bias of two aedes mosquito species was examined using a sign test. in general, there appeared to be some preference for c + g at the third base position, although this was not statistically significant. while amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine clearly displayed biases, others such as valine and serine appeared to have little or no bias for any particular codon. three homologous genes of aedes aegypti and drosophila melanogaster were compared using the chi-square test and th ... | 1993 | 8269097 |
| insecticide toxicity, glutathione transferases and carboxylesterase activities in the larva of the aedes mosquito. | 1. toxicity evaluations of ddt, lindane, abate and carbaryl were carried out in the larvae of two wild aedes aegypti strains from kuala lumpur and klang. the kuala lumpur strain was more susceptible to the insecticides than the klang strain. 2. the lethal toxicity time was also determined. the insecticides were found to take a longer time to exert their effect in the klang strain as compared to the kuala lumpur strain. 3. carboxylesterase activity was determined to be higher in the kuala lumpur ... | 1993 | 8097444 |
| studies on the effect of translocation of chemical insecticides in eicchornia host plant on mansonia mosquitos--a potential control method. | a novel method for the control of mansonia larvae was developed and tested. in this method, foliar absorption and translocation of a chemical insecticide, monocrotophos, a known systemic insecticide was studied in the eicchornia plant. acetone solution of the insecticide was painted onto leaves of the plant. at daily intervals, stems were severed and divided into equal sections which were introduced into bowls. larvae of aedes aegypti were tested for the presence of monocrotophos. it was found t ... | 1993 | 7526473 |
| the salivary glands of the vector mosquito, aedes aegypti, express a novel member of the amylase gene family. | several cdna clones with similarity to alpha-amylases have been characterized from a library made from adult female salivary gland rna isolated from the vector mosquito, aedes aegypti. the corresponding gene, designated amylase i (amy i), is expressed specifically in the proximal-lateral lobes of the adult female salivary gland, a pattern overlapping that of another gene, mal i, involved in carbohydrate metabolism. the deduced amino acid sequence of amy i indicates that this gene encodes a prote ... | 1993 | 7505701 |
| use of genetic polymorphisms detected by the random-amplified polymorphic dna polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr) for differentiation and identification of aedes aegypti subspecies and populations. | amplification of random regions of genomic dna using 10-base primers in the random-amplified polymorphic dna polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr) was used to differentiate and identify mosquito populations based on genetic variation. genomic dna was extracted from individual mosquitoes from 11 geographic populations of aedes aegypti and amplified in pcr reactions using single primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence. discriminant analysis of the population frequencies of rapd fragments produced ... | 1992 | 1471745 |
| reduced mosquito production in cemetery vases with copper liners. | water-holding stone vases were sampled in 4 central florida cemeteries to compare the prevalence of mosquitoes in containers with and without metallic liners. overall, immature mosquitoes were found in more than 60% of the vases lacking liners and in more than 50% of the vases with aluminum liners. significantly fewer vases with copper liners were positive for mosquitoes. high mortality and a lack of development were observed in a field test involving the introduction of aedes aegypti larvae int ... | 1992 | 1361942 |
| a simple method for cultivating freshwater copepods used in biological control of aedes aegypti. | a simple method for indoor and outdoor cultivation of mesocyclops aspericornis, macrocyclops albidus and mesocyclops n. sp. copepods is presented. this method utilizes chilomonas sp., paramecium caudatum and fresh lettuce as food sources for copepod cultures. steps for initiating and maintaining copepod cultures are provided. | 1992 | 1474389 |
| sequence and secondary structure comparisons of its rdna in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (its1 and its2) of the mosquito aedes aegypti, and the its2 of six related species, a. simpsoni, a. albopictus, a. vexans, a. triseriatus, haemagogus mesodentatus, and psorophora ferox are reported. intraspecific variation in a. aegypti its1 is 1.07% among four clones from three individuals, and in the its2 is 1.17% among 15 clones from four individuals. in a. simpsoni, intraspecific its2 variation is 0.46% among 10 clones from a single individual. a ... | 1992 | 1364170 |
| importance of ecology in aedes aegypti control. | aedes aegypti is one of the world's most widely distributed mosquitos and is of considerable medical importance as a vector of dengue and yellow fever. not surprisingly therefore there has been more written on its biology than any other mosquito. the present paper summarizes ecological studies undertaken on this vector, including those on pre-adult mortalities, life-tables, adult dispersal and survival rates. in discussing surveillance techniques it is pointed out there are still no reliable met ... | 1992 | 1298074 |
| food ingestion and digestive enzymes in larval aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | frequency of the labral brush movements of first, second, and fourth instars of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) was studied comparatively in the laboratory. a frequency of 197 strokes per min for the first and second instars was observed in the former species compared to 118 strokes per min in the latter species. a faster ingestion rate of algal cells also was observed in first and second instars of ae. aegypti (mean 57.5 cells per s) compared with first and second instars of ae. ... | 1992 | 1460635 |
| variation in aedes aegypti mrna populations related to strain, sex, and development. | translation products were used to monitor changes in gene expression between different strains and developmental stages of aedes aegypti. total rna was isolated from fourth stadium larvae, male and female pupae, and male and female adults collected at fixed time intervals following pupation and ecdysis. differences in rna populations were assessed by in vitro translation followed by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. variations in gene expression betwee ... | 1992 | 1449211 |
| bacterial pathogens isolated from guppies (poecilia reticulata) used to control aedes aegypti in trinidad. | | 2004 | 1287947 |
| evaluation of emd vaporizers and bioallethrin vaporizing mats against mosquito vectors. | different electric-mat-device (emd) vaporizers and bioallethrin impregnated mats were evaluated for the knockdown and mortality in the adults of culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. percentage knockdown of 80-100 was recorded throughout the test period of 11 hours. however, the percentage mortality observed was not appreciable in all types of emd vaporizers. device "a" was found to be effective only against ae. aegypti. devices "c" and "d" showed moderate effects agains ... | 1992 | 1488702 |
| synthesis of the orally macrofilaricidal and stable glycerolipidic prodrug of melphalan, 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-(4'(bis(2''-chloroethyl)amino)phenylalaninoyl)gl ycerol. | a new strategy is presented to develop macrofilaricidal compounds orally administered and able to concentrate in the lymphatic system. a diglyceride derivative of melphalan, 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-(4'(bis(2''-chloroethyl)amino)phenylalaninoyl)gl y cerol, was synthesized. the esterification of melphalan by 1,3-dipalmitin allowed chemical stabilization of the alkylating agent in aqueous dispersion. no degradation of this prodrug was observed after a 3-month storage of an aqueous dispersion at 4 degrees ... | 1992 | 1445485 |
| unique electrophysiological effects of dinitrophenol in malpighian tubules. | in the course of electrophysiological studies of malpighian tubules of the mosquito aedes aegypti, we have found unusual effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol (dnp) that offer new insights into the electrogenic and conductive properties of the tubule. dnp (10(-4)m) depolarized the basolateral membrane voltage from -58.0 to -3.3 mv, and it depolarized the apical membrane voltage from 110.6 to 8.9 mv. in parallel the transepithelial electrical resistance increased from 11.4 to 16.8 k omega.cm, and the frac ... | 1992 | 1415649 |
| differences in male mating response and female flight sounds in aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus (skuse) showed similar rates and timing of insemination in the laboratory. laboratory attempts at interspecific mating were unsuccessful. because ae. aegypti males are known to locate females by flight sounds, male response to sound was compared in the two species. ae. aegypti males responded to female flight sounds with stereotypical orientation and mating behavior, whereas ae. albopictus males seldom responded. recorded flight sounds of females were sample ... | 1992 | 1404257 |
| aedes albopictus and other mosquitoes imported in tires into durban, south africa. | the results of surveillance for immature stages of mosquitoes in samples of wet tires in 5 consignments imported into durban from japan is reported. three of these consignments contained tires with immatures of aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus and uranotaenia n. novobscura. the proportions of all the wet tires calculated to contain mosquitoes were 189/1,488 (13%), 20/813 (2.5%) and 13/1,032 (1.3%) which emphasizes the need for effective mosquito control measures to prevent ae. albopictus escaping f ... | 1992 | 1402872 |