Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| spatial clustering of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and its impact on entomological surveillance indicators. | spatial clustering of aedes aegypti (l.) was assessed in 0.25-km2 sampling plots located in three different neighborhoods in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil monitoring was carried out with two oviposition traps (collecting either. eggs or adult mosquitoes) over a consecutive 80-wk period. taylor power laws (tpl) were used to assess clustering in both adult and egg collections. the clustering level observed in both tpl models was sufficient to increase by two to three times the sampling effort ... | 2016 | 26659607 |
| genome sequence of the mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis strain br58, a biopesticide product effective against the coffee berry borer (hypothenemus hampei). | bacillus thuringiensis is an important microbial control agent against insect pests. the draft genome sequence of the brazilian strain br58 described here contains the insecticidal genes cry4a, cry4b, cry10a, cry11a, cry60a, cry60b, and cyt1a, which show toxicity to both aedes aegypti and hypothenemus hampei larvae. | 2015 | 26659669 |
| expression profiles and rnai silencing of inhibitor of apoptosis transcripts in aedes, anopheles, and culex mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | effective mosquito control is vital to curtail the devastating health effects of many vectored diseases. rna interference (rnai)-mediated control of mosquitoes is an attractive alternative to conventional chemical pesticides. previous studies have suggested that transcripts for inhibitors of apoptosis (iaps) may be good rnai targets. to revisit and extend previous reports, we examined the expression of aedes aegypti (l.) iaps (aaeiaps) 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, and a viral iap-associated factor (viaf) as w ... | 2016 | 26659858 |
| three-month real-time dengue forecast models: an early warning system for outbreak alerts and policy decision support in singapore. | with its tropical rainforest climate, rapid urbanization, and changing demography and ecology, singapore experiences endemic dengue; the last large outbreak in 2013 culminated in 22,170 cases. in the absence of a vaccine on the market, vector control is the key approach for prevention. | 2015 | 26662617 |
| direct pcr of indigenous and invasive mosquito species: a time- and cost-effective technique of mosquito barcoding. | millions of people die each year as a result of pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes. however, the morphological identification of mosquito species can be difficult even for experts. the identification of morphologically indistinguishable species, such as members of the anopheles maculipennis complex (diptera: culicidae), and possible hybrids, such as culex pipiens pipiens/culex pipiens molestus (diptera: culicidae), presents a major problem. in addition, the detection and discrimination of newly ... | 2015 | 26663040 |
| alkaline phosphatases are involved in the response of aedes aegypti larvae to intoxication with bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cry toxins. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) is a natural pathogen of dipterans widely used as a biological insecticide for mosquito control. to characterize the response of mosquitoes to intoxication with bti, the transcriptome profile of bti-exposed susceptible aedes aegypti larvae was analysed using illumina rna-seq. gene expression of 11 alkaline phosphatases (alps) was further investigated by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and alp activity was measured in the susceptibl ... | 2016 | 26663676 |
| molecular modeling and docking study to elucidate novel chikungunya virus nsp2 protease inhibitors. | chikungunya is one of the tropical viral infections that severely affect the asian and african countries. absence of any suitable drugs or vaccines against chikungunya virus till date makes it essential to identify and develop novel leads for the same. recently, nsp2 cysteine protease has been classified as a crucial drug target to combat infections caused by alphaviruses including chikungunya virus due to its involvement viral replication. here in, we investigated the structural aspects of the ... | 0 | 26664062 |
| aging in personal and social immunity: do immune traits senesce at the same rate? | how much should an individual invest in immunity as it grows older? immunity is costly and its value is likely to change across an organism's lifespan. a limited number of studies have focused on how personal immune investment changes with age in insects, but we do not know how social immunity, immune responses that protect kin, changes across lifespan, or how resources are divided between these two arms of the immune response. in this study, both personal and social immune functions are conside ... | 2015 | 26664685 |
| nutrition-dependent control of insect development by insulin-like peptides. | in metazoans, members of the insulin-like peptide (ilp) family play a role in multiple physiological functions in response to the nutritional status. ilps have been identified and characterized in a wide variety of insect species. insect ilps that are mainly produced by several pairs of medial neurosecretory cells in the brain circulate in the hemolymph and act systemically on target tissues. physiological and biochemical studies in lepidoptera and genetic studies in the fruit fly have greatly e ... | 0 | 26664828 |
| microsatellite loci cross-species transferability in aedes fluviatilis (diptera:culicidae): a cost-effective approach for population genetics studies. | aedes fluviatilis is a neotropical mosquito species thought to be a potential vector of yellow fever viruses and can be infected with plasmodium gallinaceum in laboratory. a better understanding of its genetic structure is very important to understand its epidemiologic potential and how it is responding to urbanization. the objective of this study was to survey the transferability of microsatellites loci developed for other aedes to ae. fluviatilis. | 2015 | 26667177 |
| reproduction-immunity trade-offs in insects. | immune defense and reproduction are physiologically and energetically demanding processes and have been observed to trade off in a diversity of female insects. increased reproductive effort results in reduced immunity, and reciprocally, infection and activation of the immune system reduce reproductive output. this trade-off can manifest at the physiological level (within an individual) and at the evolutionary level (genetic distinction among individuals in a population). the resource allocation ... | 2015 | 26667271 |
| off! clip-on repellent device with metofluthrin tested on aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) for mortality at different time intervals and distances. | the off! clip-on mosquito-repellent device was tested outdoors against aedes aegypti (l.). a single treatment device was used against batches of caged adult, nonblood fed ae. aegypti at multiple locations 0.3m from treatment center. another set of cages was stationed 0.6m from treatment. a final set of cages was placed 0.9m away. trials ran for durations of 5, 15, 30, and 60 min. initial knockdown and mortality after 24 h was recorded. the devices had effective knockdown and mortality. this was ... | 2016 | 26668103 |
| the evolutionarily conserved tre2/bub2/cdc16 (tbc), lysin motif (lysm), domain catalytic (tldc) domain is neuroprotective against oxidative stress. | oxidative stress is a pathological feature of many neurological disorders; therefore, utilizing proteins that are protective against such cellular insults is a potentially valuable therapeutic approach. oxidation resistance 1 (oxr1) has been shown previously to be critical for oxidative stress resistance in neuronal cells; deletion of this gene causes neurodegeneration in mice, yet conversely, overexpression of oxr1 is protective in cellular and mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. how ... | 2015 | 26668325 |
| investigation of chikungunya fever outbreak in laguna, philippines, 2012. | in july 2012, the philippines national epidemiology center received a report of a suspected chikungunya fever outbreak in san pablo city, laguna province, the first chikungunya cases reported from the city since surveillance started in 2007. we conducted an outbreak investigation to identify risk factors associated with chikungunya. | 2015 | 26668759 |
| the cation channel trpa1 tunes mosquito thermotaxis to host temperatures. | while most animals thermotax only to regulate their temperature, female mosquitoes are attracted to human body heat during pursuit of a blood meal. here we elucidate the basic rules of aedes aegypti thermotaxis and test the function of candidate thermoreceptors in this important behavior. we show that host-seeking mosquitoes are maximally attracted to thermal stimuli approximating host body temperatures, seeking relative warmth while avoiding both relative cool and stimuli exceeding host body te ... | 2015 | 26670734 |
| some like it hot, but not too hot. | a temperature-sensitive receptor prevents mosquitoes from being attracted to targets that are hotter than a potential host. | 2015 | 26670880 |
| a white spot syndrome virus microrna promotes the virus infection by targeting the host stat. | jak/stat pathway plays an important role in invertebrates during virus infection. however the microrna (mirna)-mediated regulation of jak/stat is not intensively investigated. viral mirnas, encoded by virus genome, have emerged as important regulators in the virus-host interactions. in this study, a wssv (white spot syndrome virus)-encoded mirna (wssv-mir-22) was characterized in shrimp during virus infection. the results showed that the viral mirna could promote wssv infection in shrimp by targ ... | 2015 | 26671453 |
| peridomestic infection as a determining factor of dengue transmission. | the study of endemic dengue transmission is essential for proposing alternatives to impact its burden. the traditional paradigm establishes that transmission starts around cases, but there are few studies that determine the risk. | 2015 | 26671573 |
| the role of octopamine receptor agonists in the synergistic toxicity of certain insect growth regulators (igrs) in controlling dengue vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) mosquito. | the synergistic action of octopamine receptor agonists (or agonists) on many insecticide classes (e.g., organophosphorus, pyrethroids, and neonicotinoids) on aedes aegypti l. has been reported recently. an investigation of or agonist's effect on insect growth regulators (igrs) was undertaken to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of action. based on the igr bioassay, pyriproxyfen was the most potent igr insecticide tested (ec50=0.0019ng/ml). however, the lethal toxicity results indic ... | 2016 | 26672383 |
| impact of insecticide resistance on the effectiveness of pyrethroid-based malaria vectors control tools in benin: decreased toxicity and repellent effect. | since the first evidence of pyrethroids resistance in 1999 in benin, mutations have rapidly increased in mosquitoes and it is now difficult to design a study including a control area where malaria vectors are fully susceptible. few studies have assessed the after effect of resistance on the success of pyrethroid based prevention methods in mosquito populations. we therefore assessed the impact of resistance on the effectiveness of pyrethroids based indoor residual spraying (irs) in semi-field co ... | 2015 | 26674643 |
| effect of quorum sensing by staphylococcus epidermidis on the attraction response of female adult yellow fever mosquitoes, aedes aegypti aegypti (linnaeus) (diptera: culicidae), to a blood-feeding source. | aedes aegypti, the principal vector of yellow fever and dengue fever, is responsible for more than 30,000 deaths annually. compounds such as carbon dioxide, amino acids, fatty acids and other volatile organic compounds (vocs) have been widely studied for their role in attracting ae. aegypti to hosts. many vocs from humans are produced by associated skin microbiota. staphyloccocus epidermidis, although not the most abundant bacteria according to surveys of relative 16s ribosomal rna abundance, co ... | 2015 | 26674802 |
| zika virus and the never-ending story of emerging pathogens and transfusion medicine. | in the last few years, the transfusion medicine community has been paying special attention to emerging vector-borne diseases transmitted by arboviruses. zika virus is the latest of these pathogens and is responsible for major outbreaks in africa, asia and, more recently, in previously infection-naïve territories of the pacific area. many issues regarding this emerging pathogen remain unclear and require further investigation. national health authorities have adopted different prevention strateg ... | 2015 | 26674815 |
| intra-cellular bacterial infections affect learning and memory capacities of an invertebrate. | how host manipulation by parasites evolves is fascinating but challenging evolutionary question remains. many parasites share the capacity to manipulate host behavior increasing their transmission success. however, little is known about the learning and memory impact of parasites on their host. wolbachia are widespread endosymbionts and infect most insect species. these bacteria are maternally transmitted and mainly alter the reproduction of hosts with weak virulence. we tested the impact of par ... | 2015 | 26675213 |
| interspecific cross-mating between aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus laboratory strains: implication of population density on mating behaviors. | mating behavior between aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus, established colony strains were examined under laboratory conditions (30-cm(3) screened cages) for 5 consecutive days. the effect of selected male densities (30, 20, 10) and female density (20) on the number of swarming, mating pairs, eggs produced, and inseminated females were evaluated. male densities significantly increased swarming behavior, mating pairs, and egg production of heterospecific females, but female insemination was reduce ... | 2015 | 26675452 |
| suitability of mixing fluorescent dye in adulticides and its impact on droplet characteristics and pesticide efficacy. | fluorescent dyes are commonly used to help visualize insecticidal droplets or to trace movement of insecticides; however, the effect these dyes have on the insecticide's efficacy and droplet characteristics is unknown. this study evaluated the effects of mixing uvitex ob fluorescent dye with 5 adulticides on their efficacy in a wind tunnel. efficacy was determined via droplet size characteristics, spray flux (active ingredient [ai] deposition), and female adult aedes aegypti mortality. fyfanon® ... | 2015 | 26675457 |
| a mosquito survey of the twin-island caribbean nation of saint kitts and nevis, 2010. | adult mosquito surveys of saint kitts and nevis (skn) were performed in the dry season (march 16-23, 2010) in saint kitts, and the rainy season (october 18-25, 2010) in skn. biogents (bg) sentinel traps were set with co₂and bg lure in urban, rural, mangrove, and dry forest habitats. mosquitoes were identified to species, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed on potential vector species for dengue virus (denv), chikungunya virus (chikv), and west nile virus (wnv). the ... | 2015 | 26675458 |
| aedes aegypti eggs oviposited on water surface collected from field ovitraps in nova iguaçu city, brazil. | aedes aegypti eggs can be collected from the water surface. | 2015 | 26676505 |
| dissecting the role of e2 protein domains in alphavirus pathogenicity. | alphaviruses represent a diverse set of arboviruses, many of which are important pathogens. chikungunya virus (chikv), an arthritis-inducing alphavirus, is the cause of a massive ongoing outbreak in the caribbean and south america. in contrast to chikv, other related alphaviruses, such as venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) and semliki forest virus (sfv), can cause encephalitic disease. e2, the receptor binding protein, has been implicated as a determinant in cell tropism, host range, pa ... | 2015 | 26676771 |
| assessment of blood collection from the lateral saphenous vein for microfilaria counts in mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) infected with brugia pahangi. | the nih guidelines for survival bleeding of mice and rats note that using the retroorbital plexus has a greater potential for complications than do other methods of blood collection and that this procedure should be performed on anesthetized animals. lateral saphenous vein puncture has a low potential for complications and can be performed without anesthesia. mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) are the preferred rodent model for filarial parasite research. to monitor microfilaria counts in ... | 0 | 26678366 |
| effect of isodillapiole on the expression of the insecticide resistance genes gste7 and cyp6n12 in aedes aegypti from central amazonia. | the yellow fever mosquito aedes (stegomyia) aegypti is the main vector of dengue arbovirus and other arboviruses. dengue prevention measures for the control of a. aegypti involve mainly the use of synthetic insecticides. the constant use of insecticides has caused resistance in this mosquito. alternative studies on plant extracts and their products have been conducted with the aim of controlling the spread of the mosquito. dillapiole is a compound found in essential oils of the plant piper adunc ... | 2015 | 26681019 |
| functional characterization of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase from bactrocera dorsalis: possible involvement in susceptibility to malathion. | nadph cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) is essential for cytochrome p450 catalysis, which is important in the detoxification and activation of xenobiotics. in this study, two transcripts of bactrocera dorsalis cpr (bdcpr) were cloned, and the deduced amino-acid sequence had an n-terminus membrane anchor for bdcpr-x1 and three conserved binding domains (fmn, fad, and nadp), as well as an fad binding motif and catalytic residues for both bdcpr-x1 and bdcpr-x2. bdcpr-x1 was detected to have the high ... | 2015 | 26681597 |
| molecular characterization of midgut microbiota of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti from arunachal pradesh, india. | microbiota inhabiting midguts of mosquitoes play a key role in the host - parasite interaction and enhance vectorial capacity of viral diseases like dengue and chikungunya fevers. mosquito midgut is considered to be an important site for host-pathogen interaction and pathogen survival is thought to be an outcome of this interaction. in the present study we examined the bacterial community in the midgut of aedes mosquitoes in arunanchal pradesh, india, a subtropical zone where dengue fever is rep ... | 2015 | 26684012 |
| mosquito larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesised using actinobacterium, streptomyces sp. m25 against anopheles subpictus, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti. | the present work reports the larvicidal potential of microbially synthesised silver nanoparticles (agnps) by using an actinobacterium, streptomyces sp. m25 isolated from western ghats, tamil nadu, india. the biomass of streptomyces sp. was exposed to 1 mm silver nitrate (agno3) solution. the synthesis of agnps was confirmed by visual inspection followed by instrumental analysis such as uv-vis spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (xrd), energy dispersive x-ray ... | 2013 | 26688633 |
| clip-domain serine proteases as immune factors in insect hemolymph. | clip proteases are non-digestive serine proteases present in hemolymph of insects and other arthropods. they are composed of one or more amino-terminal clip domains followed by a linker sequence and a carboxyl-terminal s1a family serine protease domain. the genes for clip proteases have evolved as four clades (clipa, clipb, clipc, clipd), each present as multigene families in insect genomes. clip proteases in hemolymph function in innate immune responses. these include proteolytic activation of ... | 0 | 26688791 |
| synthesis of silver nanoparticles using catharanthus roseus root extract and its larvicidal effects. | phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles has attracted considerable attention due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness and being a novel method has an eco-friendly approach. biological activity of root extracts as well as synthesized silver nanoparticles of catharanthus roseus were evaluated against larvae of aedes aegyptiand culex quinquefasciatus. the structure and proportion of the synthesized nanoparticles was defined by exploitation ultraviolet spectrophotometry, x-ray ... | 2015 | 26688962 |
| zika virus in brazil and the danger of infestation by aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes. | zika virus, already widely distributed in africa and asia, was recently reported in two northeastern brazilian: state of bahia and state of rio grande do norte, and one southeastern: state of são paulo. this finding adds a potentially noxious virus to a list of several other viruses that are widely transmitted by aedes (stegomyia) aegypti and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus in brazil. the pathology and epidemiology, including the distribution and vectors associated with zika virus, are reviewed. th ... | 2016 | 26689277 |
| importance of thr(328) and thr(369) for functional maintenance of two receptor-binding β-hairpins of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin: implications for synergistic interactions with cyt2aa2. | bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba mosquito-active toxin was previously shown to utilize two critical loop-residues, tyr(332) and phe(364) which are respectively located in β2-β3 and β4-β5 loops, for synergistic interactions with its alternative receptor-cyt2aa2. here, structural analysis of the cry4ba-receptor-binding domain revealed that its n-terminal subdomain encompasses β2-β3 and β4-β5 hairpins which are stabilized by inter-hairpin hydrogen bonding between thr(328) in β2 and thr(369) in β5. fun ... | 2016 | 26692482 |
| development of a mosquito attractant blend of small molecules against host-seeking aedes aegypti. | a mosquito's dependence on olfaction in the hunt for human host could be efficiently exploited to protect humans from mosquito bites. the present study is undertaken to make the most attractant compound blend for aedes aegypti mosquitoes to lure them to traps. eleven molecules (m1-m11) at different dilutions were screened for attractancy against non-blood-fed adult female mosquitoes in an olfactometer. the results showed that the attractancy was dependent on both the chemical nature of the molec ... | 2016 | 26693718 |
| different effects of bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ab on midgut cell transmembrane potential of mythimna separata and agrotis ipsilon larvae. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry toxins from the cry1a family demonstrate significantly different toxicities against members of the family noctuidae for unknown reasons. in this study, membrane potential was measured and analyzed in freshly isolated midgut samples from mythimna separata and agrotis ipsilon larvae under oral administration and in vitro incubation with bt toxin cry1ab to elucidate the mechanism of action for further control of these pests. bioassay results showed that the larvae of ... | 2015 | 26694463 |
| review of ten-years presence of aedes albopictus in spain 2004-2014: known distribution and public health concerns. | ten years have gone by since the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus was recorded for the first time in spain. in this paper, all relevant published information about this vector in spain for the period 2004-2014 is reviewed. the known distribution for 2014 is provided, including all historical records (published and unpublished data) and the results from samplings of the last year. the consequences on public health about the presence of the asian tiger mosquito in spain are also highlighted. ... | 2015 | 26694818 |
| combining rna-seq and proteomic profiling to identify seminal fluid proteins in the migratory grasshopper melanoplus sanguinipes (f). | seminal fluid proteins control many aspects of fertilization and in turn, they play a key role in post-mating sexual selection and possibly reproductive isolation. because effective proteome profiling relies on the availability of high-quality dna reference databases, our knowledge of these proteins is still largely limited to model organisms with ample genetic resources. new advances in sequencing technology allow for the rapid characterization of transcriptomes at low cost. by combining high t ... | 2015 | 26694822 |
| predicting wolbachia potential to knock down dengue virus transmission. | releasing mosquitoes infected with the intracellular bacteria wolbachia is a candidate strategy for dengue control that has recently advanced to field-testing. a critical next step is to evaluate the impact of this strategy on dengue epidemiology. a recent study by ferguson and colleagues presents a mathematical framework to predict the likely effect of mosquitoes carrying wolbachia on dengue virus transmission. fitting the mathematical model to empirical data obtained with wolbachia-infected mo ... | 0 | 26697448 |
| generation of recombinant oropouche viruses lacking the nonstructural protein nsm or nss. | oropouche virus (orov) is a midge-borne human pathogen with a geographic distribution in south america. orov was first isolated in 1955, and since then, it has been known to cause recurring outbreaks of a dengue-like illness in the amazonian regions of brazil. orov, however, remains one of the most poorly understood emerging viral zoonoses. here we describe the successful recovery of infectious orov entirely from cdna copies of its genome and generation of orov mutant viruses lacking either the ... | 2015 | 26699638 |
| virus evolution and transmission in an ever more connected world. | the frequency and global impact of infectious disease outbreaks, particularly those caused by emerging viruses, demonstrate the need for a better understanding of how spatial ecology and pathogen evolution jointly shape epidemic dynamics. advances in computational techniques and the increasing availability of genetic and geospatial data are helping to address this problem, particularly when both information sources are combined. here, we review research at the intersection of evolutionary biolog ... | 0 | 26702033 |
| rna interference in colorado potato beetle: steps toward development of dsrna as a commercial insecticide. | colorado potato beetle (cpb) is a notorious pest on potatoes and has a remarkable ability to detoxify plant chemicals and develop resistance against insecticides. dsrna targeting cpb genes could be expressed in potato plants to control this pest. however, previous attempts at introducing transgenic potato plants to control cpb were not highly successful. recent studies showed that feeding dsrna expressed in bacteria works very well to kill cpb. to realize the potential of rnai to control this an ... | 0 | 26705514 |
| larvicidal activity, inhibition effect on development, histopathological alteration and morphological aberration induced by seaweed extracts in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | to investigate the larvicidal activity, inhibition effect on development, histopathological alteration and morphological aberration induced by the extracts derived from seaweeds bryopsis pennata (b. pennata), sargassum binderi (s. binderi) and padina australis in aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) larvae and to characterize the phytochemical components of the three seaweeds. | 2015 | 26706671 |
| how reticulated are species? | many groups of closely related species have reticulate phylogenies. recent genomic analyses are showing this in many insects and vertebrates, as well as in microbes and plants. in microbes, lateral gene transfer is the dominant process that spoils strictly tree-like phylogenies, but in multicellular eukaryotes hybridization and introgression among related species is probably more important. because many species, including the ancestors of ancient major lineages, seem to evolve rapidly in adaptiv ... | 2015 | 26709836 |
| [zika virus: another emerging arbovirus in venezuela?]. | current health conditions of venezuela, together with the tropical proliferation of different types of aedes (aegypti and albopictus), suggest the arrival to this country of zika virus (zikv). the pan american health organization urges latin american countries to take measures to prevent the zikv entry and advises that these measures must be designed to detect the introduction of zikv in an area, track its spread and actively monitor the disease. in venezuela and other latin-american countries, ... | 2015 | 26710538 |
| larvicidal activity of catechin isolated from leucas aspera against aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | vector control is facing a threat due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. insecticides of plant origin my serve as an alternative biocontrol technique in the future. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of fractions and compounds from the whole-plant methanol extracts of leucas aspera on the fourth-instar larvae of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex quinquefasciatus. the larvae were exposed to fractions with concentrations ranging ... | 2016 | 26711450 |
| fitness of walbb wolbachia infection in aedes aegypti: parameter estimates in an outcrossed background and potential for population invasion. | wolbachia endosymbionts are potentially useful tools for suppressing disease transmission by aedes aegypti mosquitoes because wolbachia can interfere with the transmission of dengue and other viruses as well as causing deleterious effects on their mosquito hosts. most recent research has focused on the wmel infection, but other infections also influence viral transmission and may spread in natural populations. here, we focus on the walbb infection in an australian outbred background and show tha ... | 2016 | 26711515 |
| dissecting japan's dengue outbreak in 2014. | despite japan's temperate climate, a dengue outbreak occurred in tokyo for the first time in over 70 years in 2014. we dissected this dengue outbreak based on phylogenetic analysis, travel interconnectivity, and environmental drivers for dengue epidemics. comparing the available dengue virus 1 (denv1) e gene sequence from this outbreak with 3,282 unique denv1 sequences in national center for biotechnology information suggested that the denv might have been imported from china, indonesia, singapo ... | 2015 | 26711518 |
| evidence of vertical transmission and co-circulation of chikungunya and dengue viruses in field populations of aedes aegypti (l.) from guerrero, mexico. | we report results of the entomo-virological surveillance system in aedes aegypti local populations performed by the ministry of health of guerrero. | 2016 | 26711697 |
| first evidence of dengue virus infection in wild caught mosquitoes during an outbreak in assam, northeast india. | dengue is one of the major public health problems worldwide, transmitted mainly by aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes. rapid urbanisation and industrialisation have led to an increase in vector population in northeastern states of india. in 2013, guwahati, the capital city of assam, india experienced an outbreak of dengue. this study was undertaken with an objective to determine infection rates of dengue viruses (denv) in both the established vectors present in this region. | 2015 | 26714508 |
| forced egg retention induced by diethyl-phenylacetamide diminishes the fecundity and longevity of dengue vectors. | oviposition is an important event in the life cycle of mosquito which is a decisive factor for the fate of its progeny. if oviposition is prevented, the life cycle of mosquito is disrupted and the population growth can be reduced. diethyl-phenylacetamide (depa) is an effective topical repellent against various haematophagous insects. the study reports the egg retention effect and subsequent lethal effect of depa on the gravid females of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes. | 2015 | 26714511 |
| fitness cost in field and laboratory aedes aegypti populations associated with resistance to the insecticide temephos. | the continued use of chemical insecticides in the context of the national program of dengue control in brazil has generated a high selective pressure on the natural populations of aedes aegypti, leading to their resistance to these compounds in the field. fitness costs have been described as adaptive consequences of resistance. this study evaluated the biological and reproductive performance of a. aegypti strains and a field population resistant to temephos, the main larvicide used for controlli ... | 2015 | 26715037 |
| neem oil increases the efficiency of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae for the control of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae. | entomopathogenic fungi are potential candidates for use in integrated vector management and many isolates are compatible with synthetic and natural insecticides. neem oil was tested separately and in combination with the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae against larvae of the dengue vector aedes aegypti. our aim was to increase the effectiveness of the fungus for the control of larval mosquito populations. | 2015 | 26715150 |
| targeting renal epithelial channels for the control of insect vectors. | three small molecules were identified in high throughput screens that 1) block renal inward rectifier potassium (kir) channels of aedes aegypti expressed in hek cells and xenopus oocytes, 2) inhibit the secretion of kcl but not nacl in isolated malpighian tubules, and after injection into the hemolymph, 3) inhibit kcl excretion in vivo, and 4) render mosquitoes flightless or dead within 24h. some mosquitoes had swollen abdomens at death consistent with renal failure. vu625, the most potent and p ... | 2015 | 26716074 |
| determination of insecticidal effect (lc50 and lc90) of organic fatty acids mixture (c8910+silicone) against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases such as chikungunya and dengue and associated aedes vectors are expanding their historical ranges; thus, there is a need for the development of novel insecticides for use in vector control programs. the mosquito toxicity of a novel insecticide and repellent consisting of medium-chain carbon fatty acids (c8910) was examined. determination of lc50 and lc90 was made against colony-reared aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) using probit anal ... | 2016 | 26718717 |
| protein-protein interactions between a. aegypti midgut and dengue virus 2: two-hybrid screens using the midgut cdna library. | dengue virus (denv) is principally transmitted by the aedes aegypti mosquito. to date, mosquito population control remains the key strategy for reducing the continuing spread of denv. the focus on the development of new vector control strategies through an understanding of the mosquito-virus relationship is essential, especially targeting the midgut, which is the first mosquito organ exposed to denv infection. | 2015 | 26719940 |
| a native wolbachia endosymbiont does not limit dengue virus infection in the mosquito aedes notoscriptus (diptera: culicidae). | the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia pipientis infects many species of insects and has been transinfected into the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.), the primary vector of dengue virus (denv). recently, it has been shown that wolbachia blocks the replication and transmission of rna viruses, such as denv, in a number of mosquito species including ae. aegypti and aedes albopictus (skuse), which is naturally infected with wolbachia and considered a secondary vector for denv. the mosquito species aedes n ... | 2016 | 26721865 |
| relevance of non-communicable comorbidities for the development of the severe forms of dengue: a systematic literature review. | patients with dengue fever and comorbidities seem to be at higher risk of developing complications and/or severe dengue compared to healthier individuals. this study systematically reviews the evidence related to comorbidities and dengue. a systematic literature review was performed in five databases (embase, pubmed, global health, scielo, cochrane) and grey literature for full-text articles since its inceptions until october 10, 2015. a total of 230 articles were retrieved. sixteen studies were ... | 2016 | 26727113 |
| species distribution modelling of aedes aegypti in two dengue-endemic regions of pakistan. | statistical tools are effectively used to determine the distribution of mosquitoes and to make ecological inferences about the vector-borne disease dynamics. in this study, we utilised species distribution models to understand spatial patterns of aedes aegypti in two dengue-prevalent regions of pakistan, lahore and swat. species distribution models can potentially indicate the probability of suitability of ae. aegypti once introduced to new regions like swat, where invasion of this species is a ... | 2016 | 26729239 |
| the structure of a prophenoloxidase (ppo) from anopheles gambiae provides new insights into the mechanism of ppo activation. | phenoloxidase (po)-catalyzed melanization is a universal defense mechanism of insects against pathogenic and parasitic infections. in mosquitos such as anopheles gambiae, melanotic encapsulation is a resistance mechanism against certain parasites that cause malaria and filariasis. po is initially synthesized by hemocytes and released into hemolymph as inactive prophenoloxidase (ppo), which is activated by a serine protease cascade upon recognition of foreign invaders. the mechanisms of ppo activ ... | 2016 | 26732497 |
| identification of proteins bound to dengue viral rna in vivo reveals new host proteins important for virus replication. | dengue virus is the most prevalent cause of arthropod-borne infection worldwide. due to the limited coding capacity of the viral genome and the complexity of the viral life cycle, host cell proteins play essential roles throughout the course of viral infection. host rna-binding proteins mediate various aspects of virus replication through their physical interactions with viral rna. here we describe a technique designed to identify such interactions in the context of infected cells using uv cross ... | 2016 | 26733069 |
| the mutualistic side of wolbachia-isopod interactions: wolbachia mediated protection against pathogenic intracellular bacteria. | wolbachia is a vertically transmitted endosymbiont whose radiative success is mainly related to various host reproductive manipulations that led to consider this symbiont as a conflictual reproductive parasite. however, lately, some wolbachia have been shown to act as beneficial symbionts by protecting hosts against a broad range of parasites. still, this protection has been mostly demonstrated in artificial wolbachia-host associations between partners that did not co-evolved together. here, we ... | 2015 | 26733946 |
| effects of argentilactone on the transcriptional profile, cell wall and oxidative stress of paracoccidioides spp. | paracoccidioides spp., a dimorphic pathogenic fungus, is the etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). pcm is an endemic disease that affects at least 10 million people in latin america, causing severe public health problems. the drugs used against pathogenic fungi have various side effects and limited efficacy; therefore, there is an inevitable and urgent medical need for the development of new antifungal drugs. in the present study, we evaluated the transcriptional profile of paracoccid ... | 2016 | 26734764 |
| [identification of microrna-like viral small rnas from aaedv]. | several virus families have been shown to encode micrornas (mirnas), which have roles in the infection and replication of viruses in host cells. these virus-encoded mirnas are identified in double-stranded dna virus (dsdna virus) and in several rna virus families, but not in single-stranded dna virus (ssdna virus). we used a bioinformatics approach based on vmir, mirnafold and maturepred software to predict virus-encoded mirna-like small rnas from the genome of a ssdna virus: aedes aegypti denso ... | 2015 | 26738292 |
| bioactivity and laundering resistance of five commercially available, factory-treated permethrin-impregnated fabrics for the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases: the need for a standardized testing and licensing procedure. | personal protective measures against hematophagous vectors constitute the first line of defense against arthropod-borne diseases. in this regard, a major advance has been the development of residual insecticides that can be impregnated into clothing. currently, however, information on specific treatment procedures, initial insecticide concentrations, arthropod toxicity, residual activity, and laundering resistance is either fragmentary or non-existent, and no world health organization pesticides ... | 2016 | 26738734 |
| the neurotranscriptome of the aedes aegypti mosquito. | a complete genome sequence and the advent of genome editing open up non-traditional model organisms to mechanistic genetic studies. the mosquito aedes aegypti is an important vector of infectious diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever and has a large and complex genome, which has slowed annotation efforts. we used comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of adult gene expression to improve the genome annotation and to provide a detailed tissue-specific catalogue of neural gene expre ... | 2016 | 26738925 |
| direct lateral maneuvers in hawkmoths. | we used videography to investigate direct lateral maneuvers, i.e. 'sideslips', of the hawkmoth manduca sexta. m. sexta sideslip by rolling their entire body and wings to reorient their net force vector. during sideslip they increase net aerodynamic force by flapping with greater amplitude, (in both wing elevation and sweep), allowing them to continue to support body weight while rolled. to execute the roll maneuver we observed in sideslips, they use an asymmetric wing stroke; increasing the pitc ... | 2016 | 26740573 |
| detection of aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and aedes koreicus in the area of sochi, russia. | following the identification of aedes (ae.) aegypti in the sochi area in russia at the beginning of 2000, entomological surveys were conducted during the summers of 2007, 2011, and 2012, leading to the identification of ae. albopictus and ae. koreicus. these findings highlight russia as being the only country in the world health organization european region with a documented presence of both ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes. both mosquito species are found on the coasts of the black sea ... | 2016 | 26741323 |
| development of a larvicidal nanoemulsion with pterodon emarginatus vogel oil. | pterodon emarginatus vogel is a brazilian species that belongs to the family fabaceae, popularly known as sucupira. its oil has several biological activities, including potent larvicidal property against aedes aegypti. this insect is the vector of dengue, a tropical disease that has been considered a critical health problem in developing countries, such as brazil. most of dengue control methods involve larvicidal agents suspended or diluted in water and making active lipophilic natural products ... | 2016 | 26742099 |
| empirical evidence of the effect of school gathering on the dynamics of dengue epidemics. | dengue fever is an important vector-transmitted disease that affects more than 100 countries worldwide. locations where individuals tend to gather may play an important role in disease transmission in the presence of the vector. by controlling mosquitoes' breeding places, this study aims to analyze the effect of reducing transmission in elementary schools (grades 1-9) on the dynamics of the epidemic at a regional level. | 2016 | 26743450 |
| temporal genetic stability of stegomyia aegypti (= aedes aegypti) populations. | the mosquito stegomyia aegypti (= aedes aegypti) (diptera: culicidae) is the primary vector of viruses that cause yellow fever, dengue and chikungunya fever. in the absence of effective vaccines, the reduction of these diseases relies on vector control strategies. the success of these strategies is tightly linked to the population dynamics of target populations. in the present study, 14 collections from st. aegypti populations separated by periods of 1-13 years were analysed to determine their t ... | 2016 | 26744174 |
| hairy and groucho mediate the action of juvenile hormone receptor methoprene-tolerant in gene repression. | the arthropod-specific juvenile hormone (jh) controls numerous essential functions. its involvement in gene activation is known to be mediated by the transcription factor methoprene-tolerant (met), which turns on jh-controlled genes by directly binding to e-box-like motifs in their regulatory regions. however, it remains unclear how jh represses genes. we used the aedes aegypti female mosquito, in which jh is necessary for reproductive maturation, to show that a repressor, hairy, is required for ... | 2016 | 26744312 |
| effects of bmcpv infection on silkworm bombyx mori intestinal bacteria. | the gut microbiota has a crucial role in the growth, development and environmental adaptation in the host insect. the objective of our work was to investigate the microbiota of the healthy silkworm bombyx mori gut and changes after the infection of b. mori cypovirus (bmcpv). intestinal contents of the infected and healthy larvae of b. mori of fifth instar were collected at 24, 72 and 144 h post infection with bmcpv. the gut bacteria were analyzed by pyrosequencing of the 16s rrna gene. 147(135) ... | 2016 | 26745627 |
| costs of three wolbachia infections on the survival of aedes aegypti larvae under starvation conditions. | the mosquito aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue virus, has recently been infected experimentally with wolbachia: intracellular bacteria that possess potential as dengue biological control agents. wolbachia depend on their hosts for nutrients they are unable to synthesize themselves. consequently, competition between wolbachia and their host for resources could reduce host fitness under the competitive conditions commonly experienced by larvae of ae. aegypti in the field, hampering the ... | 2016 | 26745630 |
| protection of dogs against canine heartworm infection 28 days after four monthly treatments with advantage multi® for dogs. | monthly heartworm preventives are designed to protect dogs by killing heartworms acquired the month prior to their administration, and after treatment with most products, the drug levels rapidly dissipate to very low levels. work with advantage multi® for dogs (imidacloprid + moxidectin) topical solution showed protection against hookworm infection throughout the month after administration of several monthly doses suggesting that similar protection might occur with heartworms. this study assesse ... | 2016 | 26746229 |
| carbon dioxide receptor genes and their expression profile in diabrotica virgifera virgifera. | diabrotica virgifera virgifera, western corn rootworm, is one of the most devastating species in north america. d. v. virgifera neonates crawl through the soil to locate the roots on which they feed. carbon dioxide (co2) is one of the important volatile cues that attract d. v. virgifera larvae to roots. | 2016 | 26746870 |
| use of a probabilistic motif search to identify histidine phosphotransfer domain-containing proteins. | the wealth of newly obtained proteomic information affords researchers the possibility of searching for proteins of a given structure or function. here we describe a general method for the detection of a protein domain of interest in any species for which a complete proteome exists. in particular, we apply this approach to identify histidine phosphotransfer (hpt) domain-containing proteins across a range of eukaryotic species. from the sequences of known hpt domains, we created an amino acid occ ... | 2016 | 26751210 |
| insecticide resistance and management strategies in urban ecosystems. | the increased urbanization of a growing global population makes imperative the development of sustainable integrated pest management (ipm) strategies for urban pest control. this emphasizes pests that are closely associated with the health and wellbeing of humans and domesticated animals. concurrently there are regulatory requirements enforced to minimize inadvertent exposures to insecticides in the urban environment. development of insecticide resistance management (irm) strategies in urban eco ... | 2016 | 26751480 |
| long-lasting immune protection and other epidemiological findings after chikungunya emergence in a cambodian rural community, april 2012. | the east/central/south african genotype of chikungunya virus with the e1-a226v mutation emerged in 2011 in cambodia and spread in 2012. an outbreak of 190 cases was documented in trapeang roka, a rural village. we surveyed 425 village residents within 3-4 weeks after the outbreak, and determined the sensitivity and specificity of case definitions and factors associated with infection by chikv. self-reported clinical presentation consisted mostly of fever, rash and arthralgia. the presence of all ... | 2016 | 26752630 |
| caste-specific and sex-specific expression of chemoreceptor genes in a termite. | the sophisticated colony organization of eusocial insects is primarily maintained through the utilization of pheromones. the regulation of these complex social interactions requires intricate chemoreception systems. the recent publication of the genome of zootermopsis nevadensis opened a new avenue to study molecular basis of termite caste systems. although there has been a growing interest in the termite chemoreception system that regulates their sophisticated caste system, the relationship bet ... | 2016 | 26760975 |
| comparison of irradiation and wolbachia based approaches for sterile-male strategies targeting aedes albopictus. | the global expansion of aedes albopictus together with the absence of vaccines for most of the arboviruses transmitted by this mosquito has stimulated the development of sterile-male strategies aiming at controlling disease transmission through the suppression of natural vector populations. in this context, two environmentally friendly control strategies, namely the sterile insect technique (sit) and the wolbachia-based incompatible insect technique (iit) are currently being developed in several ... | 2016 | 26765951 |
| genes and odors underlying the recent evolution of mosquito preference for humans. | mosquito species that specialize in biting humans are few but dangerous. they include the african malaria vectors anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii, as well as aedes aegypti, the cosmopolitan vector of dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever. these mosquitoes have evolved a remarkable innate preference for human odor that helps them find and bite us. here i review what is known about this important evolutionary adaptation, from its historical documentation to its chemical and molecular basi ... | 0 | 26766234 |
| trends in dengue cases imported into the united states from pan america 2001-2012. | the objective of this study was to improve risk assessments of travel on dengue (den) virus (denv) distribution. we investigated the exposure risk of us citizens traveling to den-endemic pan american countries. the number of den cases reported in 51 pan american countries from 2001 to 2012 was compared to the population of the same countries. the number of us travelers visiting the pan american countries was categorized by region, and travel-related den infections were analyzed. us residents vis ... | 2015 | 26766913 |
| the prevention and control of dengue after typhoon haiyan. | many of the areas in the philippines affected by typhoon haiyan are endemic for dengue; therefore, dengue prevention was a priority in the initial post-disaster risk assessment. we describe the dengue prevention and response strategies applied after haiyan. | 2015 | 26767138 |
| [effect of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) on detoxification enzyme activity of larvae of culex pipiens pallens and aedes aegypti]. | to investigate the effect of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) on the activities of three detoxification enzymes of culex pipiens pallens and aedes aegypti larvae. | 2015 | 26767261 |
| population genetic structure and potential incursion pathways of the bluetongue virus vector culicoides brevitarsis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in australia. | culicoides brevitarsis is a vector of the bluetongue virus (btv), which infects sheep and cattle. it is an invasive species in australia with an assumed asian/south east asian origin. using one mitochondrial marker (i.e., part of the cytochrome oxidase subunit i gene) and six nuclear markers, we inferred population genetic structure and possible incursion pathways for australian c. brevitarsis. nine mitochondrial haplotypes, with low nucleotide sequence diversity (0.0-0.7%) among these, were ide ... | 2016 | 26771743 |
| calcium influx enhances neuropeptide activation of ecdysteroid hormone production by mosquito ovaries. | a critical step in mosquito reproduction is the ingestion of a blood meal from a vertebrate host. in mosquitoes like aedes aegypti, blood feeding stimulates the release of ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone (oeh) and insulin-like peptide 3 (ilp3). this induces the ovaries to produce ecdysteroid hormone (ecd), which then drives egg maturation. in many immature insects, prothoracicotropic hormone (ptth) stimulates the prothoracic glands to produce ecd that directs molting and metamorphosis. the recep ... | 2016 | 26772671 |
| autophagy and viral diseases transmitted by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | despite a long battle that was started by oswaldo cruz more than a century ago, in 1903, brazil still struggles to fight aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, the mosquito vectors of dengue virus (denv), chikungynya virus (chikv) and zika virus (zikv). dengue fever has been a serious public health problem in brazil for decades, with recurrent epidemic outbreaks occurring during summers. in 2015, until november, 1,534,932 possible cases were reported to the ministry of healthv. more recently, the l ... | 2016 | 26774331 |
| exploiting intimate relationships: controlling mosquito-transmitted disease with wolbachia. | mosquito-transmitted diseases impose a growing burden on human health, and current control strategies have proven insufficient to stem the tide. the bacterium wolbachia is a novel and promising form of control for mosquito-transmitted disease. it manipulates host biology, restricts infection with dengue and other pathogens, and alters host reproduction to promote rapid spread in the field. in this review, we examine how the intimate and diverse relationships formed between wolbachia and their mo ... | 2016 | 26776329 |
| anticipating the international spread of zika virus from brazil. | 2016 | 26777915 | |
| natural transmission of dengue virus serotype 3 by aedes albopictus (skuse) during an outbreak in havelock island: entomological characteristics. | from may to june 2014, an outbreak of dengue virus (denv) illness occurred in the havelock island, south andaman. entomological investigations were undertaken during the peak of the outbreak, from 26th may-4th june, to identify the primary vector(s) involved in the transmission so that appropriate public health measures could be implemented. adult mosquitoes were collected by bg-sentinel traps in houses and neighborhoods of clinically ill patients. water holding containers were inspected for the ... | 2016 | 26780552 |
| apoptosis, autophagy and unfolded protein response pathways in arbovirus replication and pathogenesis. | arboviruses are pathogens that widely affect the health of people in different communities around the world. recently, a few successful approaches toward production of effective vaccines against some of these pathogens have been developed, but treatment and prevention of the resulting diseases remain a major health and research concern. the arbovirus infection and replication processes are complex, and many factors are involved in their regulation. apoptosis, autophagy and the unfolded protein r ... | 2016 | 26781343 |
| mayaro virus and dengue virus 1 and 4 natural infection in culicids from cuiabá, state of mato grosso, brazil. | this study aimed to verify the diversity of culicidae species and their frequency of infection with flaviviruses and alphaviruses in cuiabá, state of mato grosso, brazil. mosquitoes were captured with nasci aspirators and hand net in 200 census tracts, identified alive at species level and pooled in one-20 (11,090 mosquitoes, 14 species). female pools (n = 610) were subjected to multiplex seminested-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for 11 flavivirus and five alphavirus. p ... | 0 | 26784852 |
| combining synthetic human odours and low-cost electrocuting grids to attract and kill outdoor-biting mosquitoes: field and semi-field evaluation of an improved mosquito landing box. | on-going malaria transmission is increasingly mediated by outdoor-biting vectors, especially where indoor insecticidal interventions such as long-lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) are widespread. often, the vectors are also physiologically resistant to insecticides, presenting major obstacles for elimination. we tested a combination of electrocuting grids with synthetic odours as an alternative killing mechanism against outdoor-biting mosquitoes. | 2016 | 26789733 |
| larvicidal and repellent potential of zingiber nimmonii (j. graham) dalzell (zingiberaceae) essential oil: an eco-friendly tool against malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors? | mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are important vectors of terms of public health relevance, especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions. the continuous and indiscriminate use of conventional pesticides for the control of mosquito vectors has resulted in the development of resistance and negative impacts on non-target organisms and the environment. therefore, there is a need for development of effective mosquito control tools. in this study, the larvicidal and repellent activity of zingiber ni ... | 2016 | 26792432 |
| a review of swertia chirayita (gentianaceae) as a traditional medicinal plant. | swertia chirayita (gentianaceae), a popular medicinal herb indigenous to the temperate himalayas is used in traditional medicine to treat numerous ailments such as liver disorders, malaria, and diabetes and are reported to have a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties. its medicinal usage is well-documented in indian pharmaceutical codex, the british, and the american pharmacopeias and in different traditional medicine such as the ayurveda, unani, siddha, and other conventional medical syst ... | 2015 | 26793105 |
| "the environment is everything that isn't me": molecular mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of insect clocks in variable surroundings. | circadian rhythms are oscillations in behavior, metabolism and physiology that have a period close to 24 h. these rhythms are controlled by an internal pacemaker that evolved under strong selective pressures imposed by environmental cyclical changes, mainly of light and temperature. the molecular nature of the circadian pacemaker was extensively studied in a number of organisms under controlled laboratory conditions. but although these studies were fundamental to our understanding of the circadi ... | 2016 | 26793115 |