Publications

mad dogs, vampires, and zombie ants: a multidisciplinary approach to teaching neuroscience, behavior, and microbiology.	viruses, parasites, and some bacteria use host organisms to complete their lifecycle. these infectious agents are able to hijack host processes to replicate and transmit to the next host. while we tend to think of infections as just making us sick, they are also capable of changing host behavior. in fact, many infectious agents are able to mediate host behavior in ways that can enhance transmission of the disease. in this course we explore the process of host behavior mediation by infectious age ...	2015	25838806
describing the breakbone fever: idoden, an ontology for dengue fever.	ontologies represent powerful tools in information technology because they enhance interoperability and facilitate, among other things, the construction of optimized search engines. to address the need to expand the toolbox available for the control and prevention of vector-borne diseases we embarked on the construction of specific ontologies. we present here idoden, an ontology that describes dengue fever, one of the globally most important diseases that are transmitted by mosquitoes.	2015	25646954
lead optimization of spiropyrazolopyridones: a new and potent class of dengue virus inhibitors.	spiropyrazolopyridone 1 was identified, as a novel dengue virus (denv) inhibitor, from a denv serotype 2 (denv-2) high-throughput phenotypic screen. as a general trend within this chemical class, chiral resolution of the racemate revealed that r enantiomer was significantly more potent than the s. cell-based lead optimization of the spiropyrazolopyridones focusing on improving the physicochemical properties is described. as a result, an optimal compound 14a, with balanced in vitro potency and ph ...	2015	25878766
correlation of serological markers and platelet count in the diagnosis of dengue virus infection.	the dengue virus causes one of the most important mosquito-borne viral diseases. annually, it affects up to 100 million people. detection of the secreted ns1 protein represents a new approach to the diagnosis of acute dengue infection. platelet count is the only non-dengue parameter that can support the diagnosis of the dengue shock syndrome (dss) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf). this study was done to correlate the platelet count and dengue parameters detected by the immunochromatographic te ...	2015	25709991
sexual harassment and feeding inhibition between two invasive dengue vectors.	two invasive mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, have been interacting during the course of a rapid range expansion by a. albopictus. we investigated the potential for interspecific feeding interference by male mosquitoes interacting with females within and between these species. a. aegypti feeding on both sugar and blood was suppressed when females of this species were exposed to a. albopictus males, but no change was observed when exposed to conspecifics. a. albopictus feeding was ...	2015	25628511
new adhesive traps to monitor urban mosquitoes with a case study to assess the efficacy of insecticide control strategies in temperate areas.	urban mosquitoes in temperate regions may represent a high nuisance and are associated with the risk of arbovirus transmission. common practices to reduce this burden, at least in italian highly infested urban areas, imply calendar-based larvicide treatments of street catch basins - which represent the main non-removable urban breeding site - and/or insecticide ground spraying. the planning of these interventions, as well as the evaluation of their effectiveness, rarely benefit of adequate monit ...	2015	25880935
vector competence of the aedes aegypti population from santiago island, cape verde, to different serotypes of dengue virus.	dengue is an arboviral disease caused by dengue virus (denv), whose main vectors are the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. a. aegypti is the only denv vector in cape verde, an african country that suffered its first outbreak of dengue in 2009. however, little is known about the variation in the level of vector competence of this mosquito population to the different denv serotypes. this study aimed to evaluate the vector competence of a. aegypti from the island of santiago, cape verd ...	2015	25888847
density of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus and its association with number of residents and meteorological variables in the home environment of dengue endemic area, são paulo, brazil.	measure the populations of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus adults according to sex and location inside or outside the residence, estimate ae. aegypti female density per house and per resident, and test the association with abiotic factors.	2015	25890384
human-mediated marine dispersal influences the population structure of aedes aegypti in the philippine archipelago.	dengue virus (denv) is an extraordinary health burden on global scale, but still lacks effective vaccine. the philippines is endemic for dengue fever, but massive employment of insecticides favored the development of resistance mutations in its major vector, aedes aegypti. alternative vector control strategies consist in releasing artificially modified mosquitos in the wild, but knowledge on their dispersal ability is necessary for a successful implementation. despite being documented that ae. a ...	2015	26039311
mass trapping with mosquitraps does not reduce aedes aegypti abundance.	the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aedes aegypti mass trapping using the sticky trap mosquitrap (mqt) by performing a cluster randomised controlled trial in manaus, state of amazonas, brazil. after an initial questionnaire and baseline monitoring of adult ae. aegypti abundance with bg-sentinel (bgs) traps in six clusters, three clusters were randomly assigned to the intervention arm where each participating household received three mqts for mass trapping during 17 m ...	2015	25946154
mutual exclusion of asaia and wolbachia in the reproductive organs of mosquito vectors.	wolbachia is a group of intracellular maternally inherited bacteria infecting a high number of arthropod species. their presence in different mosquito species has been largely described, but aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue virus, has never been found naturally infected by wolbachia. similarly, malaria vectors and other anophelines are normally negative to wolbachia, with the exception of an african population where these bacteria have recently been detected. asaia is an acetic acid bact ...	2015	25981386
morbidity rate prediction of dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) using the support vector machine and the aedes aegypti infection rate in similar climates and geographical areas.	in the past few decades, several researchers have proposed highly accurate prediction models that have typically relied on climate parameters. however, climate factors can be unreliable and can lower the effectiveness of prediction when they are applied in locations where climate factors do not differ significantly. the purpose of this study was to improve a dengue surveillance system in areas with similar climate by exploiting the infection rate in the aedes aegypti mosquito and using the suppo ...	2015	25961289
a critical assessment of vector control for dengue prevention.	recently, the vaccines to vaccinate (v2v) initiative was reconfigured into the partnership for dengue control (pdc), a multi-sponsored and independent initiative. this redirection is consistent with the growing consensus among the dengue-prevention community that no single intervention will be sufficient to control dengue disease. the pdc's expectation is that when an effective dengue virus (denv) vaccine is commercially available, the public health community will continue to rely on vector cont ...	2015	25951103
emergence and potential for spread of chikungunya virus in brazil.	in december 2013, an outbreak of chikungunya virus (chikv) caused by the asian genotype was notified in the caribbean. the outbreak has since spread to 38 regions in the americas. by september 2014, the first autochthonous chikv infections were confirmed in oiapoque, north brazil, and in feira de santana, northeast brazil.	2015	25976325
the changing epidemiology of dengue in china, 1990-2014: a descriptive analysis of 25 years of nationwide surveillance data.	dengue has been a notifiable disease in china since 1 september 1989. cases have been reported each year during the past 25 years of dramatic socio-economic changes in china, and reached a historical high in 2014. this study describes the changing epidemiology of dengue in china during this period, to identify high-risk areas and seasons and to inform dengue prevention and control activities.	2015	25925417
global transcriptional dynamics of diapause induction in non-blood-fed and blood-fed aedes albopictus.	aedes albopictus is a vector of increasing public health concern due to its rapid global range expansion and ability to transmit dengue virus, chikungunya virus and a wide range of additional arboviruses. traditional vector control strategies have been largely ineffective against ae. albopictus and novel approaches are urgently needed. photoperiodic diapause is a crucial ecological adaptation in a wide range of temperate insects. therefore, targeting the molecular regulation of photoperiodic dia ...	2015	25897664
novel insights into the insect trancriptome response to a natural dna virus.	little is known about invertebrate responses to dna viruses. here, we infect a commercially important pest moth species plodia interpunctella with its naturally infecting dna virus. we sequenced, assembled and annotated the complete transcriptome of the moth, and a partial transcriptome of the virus. we then tested for differential gene expression between moths that were exposed to the virus and controls.	2015	25924671
antiviral activity of an n-allyl acridone against dengue virus.	dengue virus (denv), a member of the family flaviviridae, is at present the most widespread causative agent of a human viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes. despite the increasing incidence of this pathogen, there are no antiviral drugs or vaccines currently available for treatment or prevention. in a previous screening assay, we identified a group of n-allyl acridones as effective virus inhibitors. here, the antiviral activity and mode of action targeted to viral rna replication of one of th ...	2015	25908170
the expression profile of aedes albopictus mirnas is altered by dengue virus serotype-2 infection.	aedes albopictus is an important vector of dengue virus (denv) and it has quickly invaded the tropical and temperate environments worldwide. a few studies have shown that, micrornas (mirnas) regulate mosquito defense against pathogens. however, there is no systematic analysis of the impact of denv infection on mirna expression in ae. albopictus. we conducted this study to investigate the mirna expression of ae. albopictus upon denv-2 infection using illumina rna sequencing.	2015	25922662
antiviral activity of chloroquine against dengue virus type 2 replication in aotus monkeys.	dengue virus (denv) of the flaviviridae family is a single positive-stranded rna virus that is transmitted by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes. the objective of this study was to investigate the use of chloroquine (clq) as an antiviral drug against dengue virus in monkeys. to analyze the action of the drug in vivo, nonhuman primates groups (aotus azarai infulatus) were inoculated with a subcutaneous injection of a virulent strain of denv-2, treated and untreated clq. blood hematolog ...	2015	25664975
comparison of vector competence of aedes mediovittatus and aedes aegypti for dengue virus: implications for dengue control in the caribbean.	aedes mediovittatus mosquitoes are found throughout the greater antilles in the caribbean and often share the same larval habitats with ae. aegypti, the primary vector for dengue virus (denv). implementation of vector control measures to control dengue that specifically target ae. aegypti may not control denv transmission in puerto rico (pr). even if ae. aegypti is eliminated or denv refractory mosquitoes are released, denv transmission may not cease when other competent mosquito species like ae ...	2015	25658951
consolidating strategic planning and operational frameworks for integrated vector management in eritrea.	contemporary malaria vector control relies on the use of insecticide-based, indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins). however, malaria-endemic countries, including eritrea, have struggled to effectively deploy these tools due technical and operational challenges, including the selection of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. this manuscript outlines the processes undertaken in consolidating strategic planning and operational frameworks for vector control t ...	2015	26630934
utilization of an eilat virus-based chimera for serological detection of chikungunya infection.	in december of 2013, chikungunya virus (chikv), an alphavirus in the family togaviridae, was introduced to the island of saint martin in the caribbean, resulting in the first autochthonous cases reported in the americas. as of january 2015, local and imported chikv has been reported in 50 american countries with over 1.1 million suspected cases. chikv causes a severe arthralgic disease for which there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics. furthermore, the lack of a commercially available, se ...	2015	26492074
eilat virus induces both homologous and heterologous interference.	most alphaviruses are mosquito-borne and exhibit a broad host range, infecting many different vertebrates including birds, rodents, equids, and humans. occasionally, alphaviruses can spill over into the human population and cause disease characterized by debilitating arthralgia or fatal encephalitis. recently, a unique alphavirus, eilat virus (eilv), was described that readily infects mosquito but not vertebrate cell lines. here, we investigated the ability of eilv to induce superinfection exclu ...	2015	26068885
review of ten-years presence of aedes albopictus in spain 2004-2014: known distribution and public health concerns.	ten years have gone by since the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus was recorded for the first time in spain. in this paper, all relevant published information about this vector in spain for the period 2004-2014 is reviewed. the known distribution for 2014 is provided, including all historical records (published and unpublished data) and the results from samplings of the last year. the consequences on public health about the presence of the asian tiger mosquito in spain are also highlighted. ...	2015	26694818
development and validation of an elisa kit (yf mac-hd) to detect igm to yellow fever virus.	yellow fever virus (yfv) is endemic in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, with around 180,000 human infections a year occurring in africa. serologic testing is the chief laboratory diagnostic means of identifying an outbreak and to inform the decision to commence a vaccination campaign. the world health organization disseminates the reagents for yfv testing to african reference laboratories, and the us centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) is charged with producing and pr ...	2015	26342907
spatio-temporal distribution of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) mitochondrial lineages in cities with distinct dengue incidence rates suggests complex population dynamics of the dengue vector in colombia.	aedes aegypti is the primary vector of the four serotypes of dengue virus (denv1-4), chikungunya and yellow fever virus to humans. previous population genetic studies have revealed a particular genetic structure among the vector populations in the americas that suggests differences in the ability to transmit denv. in colombia, despite its high epidemiologic importance, the genetic population structure and the phylogeographic depiction of ae. aegypti, as well as its relationship with the epidemio ...	2015	25893246
draft genome of the most devastating insect pest of coffee worldwide: the coffee berry borer, hypothenemus hampei.	the coffee berry borer, hypothenemus hampei, is the most economically important insect pest of coffee worldwide. we present an analysis of the draft genome of the coffee berry borer, the third genome for a coleopteran species. the genome size is ca. 163 mb with 19,222 predicted protein-coding genes. analysis was focused on genes involved in primary digestion as well as gene families involved in detoxification of plant defense molecules and insecticides, such as carboxylesterases, cytochrome p450 ...	2015	26228545
transcriptome-based identification of highly similar odorant-binding proteins among neotropical stink bugs and their egg parasitoid.	olfaction plays a fundamental role in insect survival through resource location and intra and interspecific communications. we used rna-seq to analyze transcriptomes for odorant-binding proteins (obps) from major stink bug pest species in brazil, euschistus heros, chinavia ubica, and dichelops melacanthus, and from their egg parasitoid, telenomus podisi. we identified 23 obps in e. heros, 25 obps in c. ubica, 9 obps in d. melacanthus, and 7 obps in t. podisi. the deduced amino acid sequences of ...	2015	26161752
cloning, expression analysis, and rna interference study of a horma domain containing autophagy-related gene 13 (atg13) from the coleopteran beetle, tenebrio molitor.	autophagy is a process that is necessary during starvation, as it replenishes metabolic precursors by eliminating damaged organelles. autophagy is mediated by more than 35 autophagy-related (atg) proteins that participate in the nucleation, elongation, and curving of the autophagosome membrane. in a pursuit to address the role of autophagy during development and immune resistance of the mealworm beetle, tenebrio molitor, we screened atg gene sequences from the whole-larva transcriptome database. ...	2015	26136688
characterization of adelphocoris suturalis (hemiptera: miridae) transcriptome from different developmental stages.	adelphocoris suturalis is one of the most serious pest insects of bt cotton in china, however its molecular genetics, biochemistry and physiology are poorly understood. we used high throughput sequencing platform to perform de novo transcriptome assembly and gene expression analyses across different developmental stages (eggs, 2(nd) and 5(th) instar nymphs, female and male adults). we obtained 20 gb of clean data and revealed 88,614 unigenes, including 23,830 clusters and 64,784 singletons. thes ...	2015	26047353
function and evolution of micrornas in eusocial hymenoptera.	the emergence of eusociality ("true sociality") in several insect lineages represents one of the most successful evolutionary adaptations in the animal kingdom in terms of species richness and global biomass. in contrast to solitary insects, eusocial insects evolved a set of unique behavioral and physiological traits such as reproductive division of labor and cooperative brood care, which likely played a major role in their ecological success. the molecular mechanisms that support the social reg ...	2015	26074950
structures and functions of insect arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (iaanat); a key enzyme for physiological and behavioral switch in arthropods.	the evolution of n-acetyltransfeases (nats) seems complex. vertebrate arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (aanat) has been extensively studied since it leads to the synthesis of melatonin, a multifunctional neurohormone prevalent in photoreceptor cells, and is known as a chemical token of the night. melatonin also serves as a scavenger for reactive oxygen species. this is also true with invertebrates. nat therefore has distinct functional implications in circadian function, as timezymes (aanat), ...	2015	25918505
organization of subunits in the membrane domain of the bovine f-atpase revealed by covalent cross-linking.	the f-atpase in bovine mitochondria is a membrane-bound complex of about 30 subunits of 18 different kinds. currently, ∼85% of its structure is known. the enzyme has a membrane extrinsic catalytic domain, and a membrane intrinsic domain where the turning of the enzyme's rotor is generated from the transmembrane proton-motive force. the domains are linked by central and peripheral stalks. the central stalk and a hydrophobic ring of c-subunits in the membrane domain constitute the enzyme's rotor. ...	2015	25851905
systems biology of tissue-specific response to anaplasma phagocytophilum reveals differentiated apoptosis in the tick vector ixodes scapularis.	anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging pathogen that causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis. infection with this zoonotic pathogen affects cell function in both vertebrate host and the tick vector, ixodes scapularis. global tissue-specific response and apoptosis signaling pathways were characterized in i. scapularis nymphs and adult female midguts and salivary glands infected with a. phagocytophilum using a systems biology approach combining transcriptomics and proteomics. apoptosis was select ...	2015	25815810
cloning and functional characterization of two btb genes in the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis.	proteins containing the btb (bric-à-brac, tramtrack, and broad complex) domain typically share low sequence similarities and are involved in a wide range of cellular functions. we previously identified two putative and closely related btb genes, btb1 and btb2, in the genome of the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis. in the current study, full-length btb1 and btb2 cdnas were cloned and sequenced. btb1 and btb2 encode proteins of 380 and 401 amino acids, respectively. btb1 and btb2 proteins e ...	2015	26640898
a respiratory chain controlled signal transduction cascade in the mitochondrial intermembrane space mediates hydrogen peroxide signaling.	reactive oxygen species (ros) such as hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) govern cellular homeostasis by inducing signaling. h2o2 modulates the activity of phosphatases and many other signaling molecules through oxidation of critical cysteine residues, which led to the notion that initiation of ros signaling is broad and nonspecific, and thus fundamentally distinct from other signaling pathways. here, we report that h2o2 signaling bears hallmarks of a regular signal transduction cascade. it is controlled b ...	2015	26438848
production of serine protease inhibitors by mutagenesis and their effects on the mortality of aedes aegypti l. larvae.	dengue, transmitted primarily by the bites of infected aedes aegypti l., is transmitted to millions of individuals each year in tropical and subtropical areas. dengue control strategies are primarily based on controlling the vector, using insecticides, but the appearance of resistance poses new challenges. recently, highly selective protease inhibitors by phage display were obtained for digestive enzymes of the 4th instar larvae (l4) midgut. these mutants were not confirmed as a larvicide due to ...	2015	26444542
atp binding cassette transporter mediates both heme and pesticide detoxification in tick midgut cells.	in ticks, the digestion of blood occurs intracellularly and proteolytic digestion of hemoglobin takes place in a dedicated type of lysosome, the digest vesicle, followed by transfer of the heme moiety of hemoglobin to a specialized organelle that accumulates large heme aggregates, called hemosomes. in the present work, we studied the uptake of fluorescent metalloporphyrins, used as heme analogs, and amitraz, one of the most regularly used acaricides to control cattle tick infestations, by rhipic ...	2015	26258982
cathepsin gene family reveals transcriptome patterns related to the infective stages of the salmon louse caligus rogercresseyi.	cathepsins are proteases involved in the ability of parasites to overcome and/or modulate host defenses so as to complete their own lifecycle. however, the mechanisms underlying this ability of cathepsins are still poorly understood. one excellent model for identifying and exploring the molecular functions of cathepsins is the marine ectoparasitic copepod caligus rogercresseyi that currently affects the chilean salmon industry. using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, 56 cathepsin-like se ...	2015	25923525
sequence analysis of insecticide action and detoxification-related genes in the insect pest natural enemy pardosa pseudoannulata.	the pond wolf spider pardosa pseudoannulata, an important natural predatory enemy of rice planthoppers, is found widely distributed in paddy fields. however, data on the genes involved in insecticide action, detoxification, and response are very limited for p. pseudoannulata, which inhibits the development and appropriate use of selective insecticides to control insect pests on rice. we used transcriptome construction from adult spider cephalothoraxes to analyze and manually identify genes encon ...	2015	25923714
transcriptomic insights on the abc transporter gene family in the salmon louse caligus rogercresseyi.	atp-binding cassette (abc) protein family encode for membrane proteins involved in the transport of various biomolecules through the cellular membrane. these proteins have been identified in all taxa and present important physiological functions, including the process of insecticide detoxification in arthropods. for that reason the ectoparasite caligus rogercresseyi represents a model species for understanding the molecular underpinnings involved in insecticide drug resistance.	2015	25889038
an evolutionarily-unique heterodimeric voltage-gated cation channel found in aphids.	we describe the identification in aphids of a unique heterodimeric voltage-gated sodium channel which has an atypical ion selectivity filter and, unusually for insect channels, is highly insensitive to tetrodotoxin. we demonstrate that this channel has most likely arisen by adaptation (gene fission or duplication) of an invertebrate ancestral mono(hetero)meric channel. this is the only identifiable voltage-gated sodium channel homologue in the aphid genome(s), and the channel's novel selectivity ...	2015	25637326
insecticidal and repellent activity of siparuna guianensis aubl. (negramina) against aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus.	this study investigated the toxic effects of essential oils isolated from siparuna guianensis against aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult) and aedes albopictus (c6/36) cells. the oviposition-deterring activity, egg viability, and repellence activity in the presence of different essential oils concentrations were determined. the essential oils showed high toxicity to all developmental stages of a. aegypti and c. quinquefasciatus. furthermore, the oils also showed ...	2015	25646797
non-classical gluconeogenesis-dependent glucose metabolism in rhipicephalus microplus embryonic cell line bme26.	in this work we evaluated several genes involved in gluconeogenesis, glycolysis and glycogen metabolism, the major pathways for carbohydrate catabolism and anabolism, in the bme26 rhipicephalus microplus embryonic cell line. genetic and catalytic control of the genes and enzymes associated with these pathways are modulated by alterations in energy resource availability (primarily glucose). bme26 cells in media were investigated using three different glucose concentrations, and changes in the tra ...	2015	25594873
characterization of a novel rxr receptor in the salmon louse (lepeophtheirus salmonis, copepoda) regulating growth and female reproduction.	nuclear receptors have crucial roles in all metazoan animals as regulators of gene transcription. a wide range of studies have elucidated molecular and biological significance of nuclear receptors but there are still a large number of animals where the knowledge is very limited. in the present study we have identified an rxr type of nuclear receptor in the salmon louse (lepeophtheirus salmonis) (i.e. lsrxr). rxr is one of the two partners of the ecdysteroid receptor in arthropods, the receptor f ...	2015	25765704
breeding sites of aedes aegypti: potential dengue vectors in dire dawa, east ethiopia.	background and objectives. entomological survey was carried out from may-june to september-october 2014 to investigate the presence of dengue vectors in discarded tires and artificial water containers in houses and peridomestic areas. methods. a cross-sectional immature stage survey was done indoors and outdoors in 301 houses. mosquito larval sampling was conducted using pipette or dipper depending on container types. larvae were identified morphologically and larval indices were also calculated ...	2015	26435712
immunological features underlying viral hemorrhagic fevers.	several enveloped rna viruses of the arenavirus, bunyavirus, filovirus and flavivirus families are associated with a syndrome known as viral hemorrhagic fever (vhf). vhf is characterized by fever, vascular leakage, coagulation defects and multi organ system failure. vhf is currently viewed as a disease precipitated by viral suppression of innate immunity, which promotes systemic virus replication and excessive proinflammatory cytokine responses that trigger the manifestations of severe disease. ...	2015	26163194
transcription analysis of neonicotinoid resistance in mediterranean (med) populations of b. tabaci reveal novel cytochrome p450s, but no nachr mutations associated with the phenotype.	bemisia tabaci is one of the most damaging agricultural pests world-wide. although its control is based on insecticides, b. tabaci has developed resistance against almost all classes of insecticides, including neonicotinoids.	2015	26573457
genome-wide dna methylome variation in two genetically distinct chicken lines using methylc-seq.	dna cytosine methylation is an important epigenetic modification that has significant effects on a variety of biological processes in animals. avian species hold a crucial position in evolutionary history. in this study, we used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (methylc-seq) to generate single base methylation profiles of lungs in two genetically distinct and highly inbred chicken lines (fayoumi and leghorn) that differ in genetic resistance to multiple pathogens, and we explored the potential ...	2015	26497311
altered gene expression in the schistosome-transmitting snail biomphalaria glabrata following exposure to niclosamide, the active ingredient in the widely used molluscicide bayluscide.	in view of the call by the world health organization (who) for elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2025, use of molluscicides in snail control to supplement chemotherapy-based control efforts is likely to increase in the coming years. the mechanisms of action of niclosamide, the active ingredient in the most widely used molluscicides, remain largely unknown. a better understanding of its toxicology at the molecular level will both improve our knowledge of snail biology a ...	2015	26452273
bio-efficacy of new long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets against anopheles funestus and anopheles gambiae from central and northern mozambique.	long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) are one of the main methods used for controlling malaria transmission in mozambique. the proliferation of several types of llins and the re-emergence of insecticide resistance in the local vector populations poses challenges to the local malaria control programme on selecting suitable insecticide-based vector control products. therefore, this study evaluated the insecticide susceptibility and bio-efficacy of selected new llins against wild population ...	2015	26377825
identifying genomic changes associated with insecticide resistance in the dengue mosquito aedes aegypti by deep targeted sequencing.	the capacity of mosquitoes to resist insecticides threatens the control of diseases such as dengue and malaria. until alternative control tools are implemented, characterizing resistance mechanisms is crucial for managing resistance in natural populations. insecticide biodegradation by detoxification enzymes is a common resistance mechanism; however, the genomic changes underlying this mechanism have rarely been identified, precluding individual resistance genotyping. in particular, the role of ...	2015	26206155
functional development of carbon dioxide detection in the maxillary palp of anopheles gambiae.	olfactory information drives several behaviours critical for the survival and persistence of insect pests and vectors. insect behaviour is variable, linked to their biological needs, and regulated by physiological dynamics. for mosquitoes, co2 is an important cue that signifies the presence of a host, and which elicits activation and attraction. to investigate the genetic basis of olfactory modulation in mosquitoes, we assayed changes in co2 detection from receptor gene expression through physio ...	2015	26056246
high nucleotide diversity and limited linkage disequilibrium in helicoverpa armigera facilitates the detection of a selective sweep.	insecticides impose extreme selective pressures on populations of target pests and so insecticide resistance loci of these species may provide the footprints of 'selective sweeps'. to lay the foundation for future genome-wide scans for selective sweeps and inform genome-wide association study designs, we set out to characterize some of the baseline population genomic parameters of one of the most damaging insect pests in agriculture worldwide, helicoverpa armigera. to this end, we surveyed nine ...	2015	26174024
evaluation of the toxicity and repellence of an organic fatty acids mixture (c8910) against insecticide susceptible and resistant strains of the major malaria vector anopheles funestus giles (diptera: culicidae).	malaria vector control relies principally on the use of insecticides, especially pyrethroids. because of the increasing occurrence of insecticide resistance in target vector populations, the development of new insecticides, particularly those with novel modes of action, is particularly important, especially in terms of managing insecticide resistance. the c8910 formulation is a patented mixture of compounds comprising straight-chain octanoic, nonanoic and decanoic saturated fatty acids. this com ...	2015	26062763
novel detection of insecticide resistance related p450 genes and transcriptome analysis of the hemimetabolous pest erthesina fullo (thunberg) (hemiptera: heteroptera).	erthesina fullo (thunberg, 1783) is an economically important heteropteran species in china. since only three nucleotide sequences of this species (coi, 16s rrna, and 18s rrna) appear in the genbank database so far, no analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying e. fullo's resistance to insecticide and environmental stress has been accomplished. we reported a de novo assembled and annotated transcriptome for adult e. fullo using the illumina sequence system. a total of 53,359,458 clean reads ...	2015	25955554
investigation of the first case of dengue virus infection acquired in western australia in seven decades: evidence of importation of infected mosquitoes?	in october 2013, a locally-acquired case of dengue virus (denv) infection was reported in western australia (wa) where local dengue transmission has not occurred for over 70 years. laboratory testing confirmed recent denv infection and the case demonstrated a clinically compatible illness. the infection was most likely acquired in the pilbara region in the northwest of wa. follow up investigations did not detect any other locally-acquired dengue cases or any known dengue vector species in the lo ...	2015	26406471
river boats contribute to the regional spread of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in the peruvian amazon.	the dramatic range expansion of the dengue vector aedes aegypti is associated with various anthropogenic transport activities, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms driving this geographic expansion. we longitudinally characterized infestation of different vehicle types (cars, boats, etc.) to estimate the frequency and intensity of mosquito introductions into novel locations (propagule pressure).	2015	25860352
the effects of interspecific courtship on the mating success of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) males.	satyrization, a form of asymmetric reproductive interference, has recently been shown to play a role in competitive displacements of aedes aegypti (l.) by aedes albopictus (skuse). furthermore, female ae. aegypti from populations in sympatry with ae. albopictus have evolved reproductive character displacement and changes in mating behavior to reduce interspecific mating. in this article, we examine evolutionary responses of males to interspecific mating and show that satyrization has also evoked ...	2015	27418696
expression of active trypsin-like serine peptidases in the midgut of sugar-feeding female anopheles aquasalis.	anopheles aquasalis is a dipteran of the family culicidae that is widely distributed in the coastal regions of south and central america. this species acts as a vector of plasmodium vivax, an important etiological agent of malaria, which represents a serious public health problem. in mosquitoes, trypsin-like serine proteases are important in blood meal digestion, immune responses and reproductive functions. the study of peptidases expressed in the mosquito midgut is essential to understanding th ...	2015	26021986
age and prior blood feeding of anopheles gambiae influences their susceptibility and gene expression patterns to ivermectin-containing blood meals.	ivermectin has been proposed as a novel malaria transmission control tool based on its insecticidal properties and unique route of acquisition through human blood. to maximize ivermectin's effect and identify potential resistance/tolerance mechanisms, it is important to understand its effect on mosquito physiology and potential to shift mosquito population age-structure. we therefore investigated ivermectin susceptibility and gene expression changes in several age groups of female anopheles gamb ...	2015	26471037
molecular analysis of atypical family 18 chitinase from fujian oyster crassostrea angulata and its physiological role in the digestive system.	chitinolytic enzymes have an important physiological significance in immune and digestive systems in plants and animals, but chitinase has not been identified as having a role in the digestive system in molluscan. in our study, a novel chitinase homologue, named ca-chit, has been cloned and characterized as the oyster crassostrea angulate. the 3998bp full-length cdna of ca-chit consisted of 23bp 5-utr, 3288 orf and 688bp 3-utr. the deduced amino acids sequence shares homologue with the chitinase ...	2015	26046992
pathways of amino acid degradation in nilaparvata lugens (stål) with special reference to lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase (lkr/sdh).	nilaparvata lugens harbors yeast-like symbionts (ylss). in present paper, a genome-wide analysis found 115 genes from ni. lugens and 90 genes from ylss that were involved in the metabolic degradation of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. these 205 genes encoded for 77 enzymes. accordingly, the degradation pathways for the 20 amino acids were manually constructed. it is postulated that ni. lugens can independently degrade fourteen amino acids (threonine, alanine, glycine, serine, aspartate, asparagine ...	2015	26000452
characterisation of the small rnas in the biomedically important green-bottle blowfly lucilia sericata.	the green bottle fly maggot, lucilia sericata, is a species with importance in medicine, agriculture and forensics. improved understanding of this species' biology is of great potential benefit to many research communities. micrornas (mirna) are a short non-protein coding regulatory rna, which directly regulate a host of protein coding genes at the translational level. they have been shown to have developmental and tissue specific distributions where they impact directly on gene regulation. in o ...	2015	25803701
phyloproteomic analysis of 11780 six-residue-long motifs occurrences.	how is it possible to find good traits for phylogenetic reconstructions? here, we present a new phyloproteomic criterion that is an occurrence of simple motifs which can be imprints of evolution history. we studied the occurrences of 11780 six-residue-long motifs consisting of two randomly located amino acids in 97 eukaryotic and 25 bacterial proteomes. for all eukaryotic proteomes, with the exception of the amoebozoa, stramenopiles, and diplomonadida kingdoms, the number of proteins containing ...	2015	26114101
protobug: functional families from the complete proteomes of insects.	protobug (http://www.protobug.cs.huji.ac.il) is a database and resource of protein families in arthropod genomes. protobug platform presents the relatedness of complete proteomes from 17 insects as well as a proteome of the crustacean, daphnia pulex. the represented proteomes from insects include louse, bee, beetle, ants, flies and mosquitoes. based on an unsupervised clustering method, protein sequences were clustered into a hierarchical tree, called protobug. protobug covers about 300,000 sequ ...	2015	25911153
identification, expression profiling and fluorescence-based binding assays of a chemosensory protein gene from the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis.	using rt-pcr and race-pcr strategies, we cloned and identified a new chemosensory protein (focccsp) from the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, a species for which no chemosensory protein (csp) has yet been identified. the focccsp gene contains a 387 bp open-reading frame encoding a putative protein of 128 amino acids with a molecular weight of 14.51 kda and an isoelectric point of 5.41. the deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative signal peptide of 19 amino acid residues ...	2015	25635391
sequence analysis, expression profiles and function of thioredoxin 2 and thioredoxin reductase 1 in resistance to nucleopolyhedrovirus in helicoverpa armigera.	the thioredoxin system, including nadph, thioredoxin (trx), and thioredoxin reductase (trxr), plays significant roles in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis and protecting organisms against oxidative damage. in this study, the characteristics and functions of h. armigera hatrx2 and hatrxr1 were identified. sequence analysis showed that hatrx2 and hatrxr1 were both highly conserved and shared high sequence identity with other insect counterparts. the mrna of hatrx2 was expressed the highe ...	2015	26502992
genome sequence of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, reveals insights into its biology, genetics, and evolution.	the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, is a highly successful invasive species that transmits a number of human viral diseases, including dengue and chikungunya fevers. this species has a large genome with significant population-based size variation. the complete genome sequence was determined for the foshan strain, an established laboratory colony derived from wild mosquitoes from southeastern china, a region within the historical range of the origin of the species. the genome comprises 1, ...	2015	26483478
structure-based analysis of the ligand-binding mechanism for dhelobp21, a c-minus odorant binding protein, from dastarcus helophoroides (fairmaire; coleoptera: bothrideridae).	odorant binding proteins (obps) transport hydrophobic odor molecules across the sensillar lymph to trigger a neuronal response. herein, the minus-c obp (dhelobp21) was characterized from dastarcus helophoroides, the most important natural parasitic enemy insect that targets monochamus alternatus. homology modeling and molecular docking were conducted on the interaction between dhelobp21 and 17 volatile molecules (including volatiles from pine bark, the larva of m. alternatus, and the faeces of t ...	2015	26435694
trends in genome dynamics among major orders of insects revealed through variations in protein families.	insects belong to a class that accounts for the majority of animals on earth. with over one million identified species, insects display a huge diversity and occupy extreme environments. at present, there are dozens of fully sequenced insect genomes that cover a range of habitats, social behavior and morphologies. in view of such diverse collection of genomes, revealing evolutionary trends and charting functional relationships of proteins remain challenging.	2015	26251035
linalool oxide: generalist plant based lure for mosquito disease vectors.	lack of effective vaccines and therapeutics for important arboviral diseases such as rift valley fever (rvf) and dengue, necessitates continuous monitoring of vector populations for infections in them. plant-based lures as surveillance tools has the potential of targeting mosquitoes of both sexes and females of varied physiological states; yet such lures are lacking for vectors of these diseases. here, we present evidence of the effectiveness of linalool oxide (lo), a single plant-based lure pre ...	2015	26552398
inter-epidemic abundance and distribution of potential mosquito vectors for rift valley fever virus in ngorongoro district, tanzania.	rift valley fever (rvf) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis that primarily affects ruminants but also has the capacity to infect humans.	2015	25613346
midgut of the non-hematophagous mosquito toxorhynchites theobaldi (diptera, culicidae).	in most mosquito species, the females require a blood-feeding for complete egg development. however, in toxorhynchites mosquitoes, the eggs develop without blood-feeding, and both females and males exclusively feed on sugary diets. the midgut is a well-understood organ in blood-feeding mosquitoes, but little is known about it in non-blood-feeding ones. in the present study, the detailed morphology of the midgut of toxorhynchites theobaldi were investigated using histochemical and ultrastructural ...	2015	26514271
full-length infectious clone of a low passage dengue virus serotype 2 from brazil.	full-length dengue virus (denv) cdna clones are an invaluable tool for many studies, including those on the development of attenuated or chimeric vaccines and on host-virus interactions. furthermore, the importance of low passage denv infectious clones should be highlighted, as these may harbour critical and unique strain-specific viral components from field-circulating isolates. the successful construction of a functional brazilian low passage denv serotype 2 full-length clone through homologou ...	2015	26200712
effect of larval competition on extrinsic incubation period and vectorial capacity of aedes albopictus for dengue virus.	despite the growing awareness that larval competition can influence adult mosquito life history traits including susceptibility to pathogens, the net effect of larval competition on human risk of exposure to mosquito-borne pathogens remains poorly understood. we examined how intraspecific larval competition affects dengue-2 virus (denv-2) extrinsic incubation period and vectorial capacity of its natural vector aedes albopictus. adult ae. albopictus from low and high-larval density conditions wer ...	2015	25951173
the cation channel trpa1 tunes mosquito thermotaxis to host temperatures.	while most animals thermotax only to regulate their temperature, female mosquitoes are attracted to human body heat during pursuit of a blood meal. here we elucidate the basic rules of aedes aegypti thermotaxis and test the function of candidate thermoreceptors in this important behavior. we show that host-seeking mosquitoes are maximally attracted to thermal stimuli approximating host body temperatures, seeking relative warmth while avoiding both relative cool and stimuli exceeding host body te ...	2015	26670734
metazseckb: the human and animal secretome and subcellular proteome knowledgebase.	the subcellular location of a protein is a key factor in determining the molecular function of the protein in an organism. metazseckb is a secretome and subcellular proteome knowledgebase specifically designed for metazoan, i.e. human and animals. the protein sequence data, consisting of over 4 million entries with 121 species having a complete proteome, were retrieved from uniprotkb. protein subcellular locations including secreted and 15 other subcellular locations were assigned based on eithe ...	2015	26255309
neuropeptides in the cerebral ganglia of the mud crab, scylla paramamosain: transcriptomic analysis and expression profiles during vitellogenesis.	neuropeptides play a critical role in regulating animal reproduction. in vertebrates, gnrh, gnih and kisspeptin are the key neuropeptide hormones of the reproductive axis, however, the reproductive axis for invertebrates is vague. knowledge on ovarian development of the mud crab, scylla paramamosain, is critical for aquaculture and resources management of the commercially important species. this study employed illumina sequencing, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and quantitative ...	2015	26592767
identification and evaluation of vaccine candidate antigens from the poultry red mite (dermanyssus gallinae).	an aqueous extract of the haematophagous poultry ectoparasite, dermanyssus gallinae, was subfractionated using anion exchange chromatography. six of these subfractions were used to immunise hens and the blood from these hens was fed, in vitro, to poultry red mites. mite mortality following these feeds was indicative of protective antigens in two of the subfractions, with the risks of mites dying being 3.1 and 3.7 times higher than in the control group (p<0.001). a combination of two-dimensional ...	2015	26296690
molecular characterization of vitellogenin and its receptor genes from citrus red mite, panonychus citri (mcgregor).	the production and uptake of yolk protein play an important role in the reproduction of all oviparous organisms. vitellogenin (vg) is the precursor of vitellin (vn), which is the major egg storage protein, and vitellogenin receptor (vgr) is a necessary protein for the uptake of vg into developing oocytes. in this paper, we characterize the full-length vg and vgr, pcvg1 and pcvgr, respectively, of the citrus red mite panonychus citri (mcgregor). the pcvg1 cdna is 5748 nucleotides (nt) with a 5553 ...	2015	25739087
the endoparasitoid, cotesia vestalis, regulates host physiology by reprogramming the neuropeptide transcriptional network.	endoparasitoids develop inside another insect by regulating host immunity and development via maternal factors injected into hosts during oviposition. prior results have provided insights into parasitism-induced immunosuppression, including the neuropeptide accumulation in parasitized insects. nonetheless, our understanding of neuropeptide influence on host development and behavior is not yet complete. we posed the hypothesis that parasitization alters expression of genes encoding pro-neuropepti ...	2015	25640113
combining two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and metabolomic data in support of dry-season survival in the two main species of the malarial mosquito anopheles gambiae.	in dry savannahs of west-africa, the malarial mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae sensu stricto complex annually survive the harsh desiccating conditions of the dry season. however, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying how these mosquitoes survive such desiccating conditions are still undefined, and controversial. in this context, we provide the first work examining both proteomic and metabolomic changes in the two molecular forms of a. gambiae s.s (m and s forms) experimental ...	2015	26543889
wing sexual dimorphism of pathogen-vector culicids.	sexual dimorphism in animals has been studied from different perspectives for decades. in 1874 darwin hypothesized that it was related to sexual selection, and even after nearly 140 years, when additional empirical data has become available and the subject has been investigated from a contemporary viewpoint, this idea is still supported. although mosquito (culicidae) wings are of great importance as they play a sex-specific role, little is known about wing sexual dimorphism in these pathogen-vec ...	2015	25890192
deltamethrin resistance mechanisms in aedes aegypti populations from three french overseas territories worldwide.	aedes aegypti is a cosmopolite mosquito, vector of arboviruses. the worldwide studies of its insecticide resistance have demonstrated a strong loss of susceptibility to pyrethroids, the major class of insecticide used for vector control. french overseas territories such as french guiana (south america), guadeloupe islands (lesser antilles) as well as new caledonia (pacific ocean), have encountered such resistance.	2015	26588076
multicopper oxidase-1 is required for iron homeostasis in malpighian tubules of helicoverpa armigera.	multicopper oxidases (mcos) are enzymes that contain 10 conserved histidine residues and 1 cysteine residue. mco1 has been extensively investigated in the midgut because this mco is implicated in ascorbate oxidation, iron homeostasis and immune responses. however, information regarding the action of mco1 in malpighian tubules is limited. in this study, helicoverpa armigera was used as a model to investigate the function of mco1 in malpighian tubules. sequence analysis results revealed that hamco ...	2015	26437857
identification of chemical constituents of zanthoxylum heitzii stem bark and their insecticidal activity against the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae.	zanthoxylum heitzii bark extracts have insecticidal properties and have been reported to be used against malaria in western africa. previously, it has been shown that a hexane extract of the bark is toxic to adult females of the mosquito anopheles gambiae, a malaria vector. as part of our project on the control of malaria vectors using plant extracts, the phytochemistry of z. heitzii bark hexane extract has been investigated with the aim to identify the major components with adulticidal and larv ...	2015	26427956
basophil activation by mosquito extracts in patients with hypersensitivity to mosquito bites.	hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (hmb) is a cutaneous disorder belonging to the group of epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated t/natural killer (nk)-cell lymphoproliferative diseases, and is primarily mediated by ebv-infected nk cells. it is characterized by intense local skin reactions accompanied by general symptoms after mosquito bites, and infiltration of ebv-infected nk cells into the bite sites. however, the mechanisms underlying these reactions have not been fully examined. we recently de ...	2015	25990049
the impact of selection with diflubenzuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, on the fitness of two brazilian aedes aegypti field populations.	several aedes aegypti field populations are resistant to neurotoxic insecticides, mainly organophoshates and pyrethroids, which are extensively used as larvicides and adulticides, respectively. diflubenzuron (dfb), a chitin synthesis inhibitor (csi), was recently approved for use in drinking water, and is presently employed in brazil for ae. aegypti control, against populations resistant to the organophosphate temephos. however, tests of dfb efficacy against field ae. aegypti populations are lac ...	2015	26107715
the role of dmcatd, a cathepsin d-like peptidase, and acid phosphatase in the process of follicular atresia in dipetalogaster maxima (hemiptera: reduviidae), a vector of chagas' disease.	in this work, we have investigated the involvement of dmcatd, a cathepsin d-like peptidase, and acid phosphatase in the process of follicular atresia of dipetalogaster maxima, a hematophagous insect vector of chagas' disease. for the studies, fat bodies, ovaries and hemolymph were sampled from anautogenous females at representative days of the reproductive cycle: pre-vitellogenesis, vitellogenesis as well as early and late atresia. real time pcr (qpcr) and western blot assays showed that dmcatd ...	2015	26091289
venom allergen 5 is associated with deltamethrin resistance in culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae).	the mosquito, culex pipiens pallens (l.), is an important vector of encephalitis and filariasis in northern china. the control of these mosquitoes occurs primarily via the use of pyrethroid insecticides, such as deltamethrin. the widespread and improper application of pyrethroid has resulted in the evolution of pyrethroid resistance amongst many mosquito populations, including cx. pipiens pallens. previous studies using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing have identified that the venom alle ...	2015	26335474
identification and knockdown of the olfactory receptor (orco) in gypsy moth, lymantria dispar.	the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, is an important economic pest that causes large-scale damage to forests worldwide. because of its important role in initiating and controlling insect behavior, olfaction-and olfaction-based pest management-has drawn increasing attention from entomologists. in this study, we identified the gene that encodes the olfactory receptor co-receptor (orco). through amino acid sequence alignment, we found that ldisorco shares high identity with other orco proteins from di ...	2015	26078719
coffee and its waste repel gravid aedes albopictus females and inhibit the development of their embryos.	dengue is a prevalent arboviral disease and the development of insecticide resistance among its vectors impedes endeavors to control it. coffee is drunk by millions of people daily worldwide, which is associated with the discarding of large amounts of waste. coffee and its waste contain large amounts of chemicals many of which are highly toxic and none of which have a history of resistance in mosquitoes. once in solution, coffee is brownish in colour, resembling leaf infusion, which is highly at ...	2015	25966847
biting behaviour of african malaria vectors: 1. where do the main vector species bite on the human body?	malaria control in africa relies heavily on indoor vector management, primarily indoor residual spraying and insecticide treated bed nets. little is known about outdoor biting behaviour or even the dynamics of indoor biting and infection risk of sleeping household occupants. in this paper we explore the preferred biting sites on the human body and some of the ramifications regarding infection risk and exposure management.	2015	25650005
a case report on oral subcutaneous dirofilariasis.	dirofilariasis is an uncommon zoonotic parasitic infection affecting human. the natural hosts for this nematode are animals such as dogs, cats, foxes, jackals, and raccoons. this disease is endemic in south eastern united states, australia, europe, and central and southern asia. dirofilaria immitis and d. repens are the common mosquito borne filarial nematodes that cause infection. several species of mosquitos including mansonia uniformis, m. annulifera, and aedes aegypti are the potential vecto ...	2015	26858848
modelling sterile insect technique to control the population of anopheles gambiae.	there is a renewed effort to develop novel malaria control strategies as even well-implemented existing malaria control tools may fail to block transmission in some regions. currently, transgenic implementations of the sterile insect technique (sit) such as the release of insects with a dominant lethal, homing endonuclease genes, or flightless mosquitoes are in development. these implementations involve the release of transgenic male mosquitoes whose matings with wild females produce either no v ...	2015	25889145
computational identification of novel micrornas and their targets in the malarial vector, anopheles stephensi.	micrornas are a ~22 nucleotide small non-coding rnas found in animals, plants and viruses. they regulate key cellular processes by enhancing, degrading or silencing protein coding targets. currently most of the data on mirna is available from drosophila . given their important post-transcriptional role in several organisms, there is a need to understand the mirna mediated processes in normal and abnormal conditions. here we report four novel micrornas ast - mir - 2502, ast - mir - 2559, ast - mi ...	2015	25972985
cytoplasmic actin is an extracellular insect immune factor which is secreted upon immune challenge and mediates phagocytosis and direct killing of bacteria, and is a plasmodium antagonist.	actin is a highly versatile, abundant, and conserved protein, with functions in a variety of intracellular processes. here, we describe a novel role for insect cytoplasmic actin as an extracellular pathogen recognition factor that mediates antibacterial defense. insect actins are secreted from cells upon immune challenge through an exosome-independent pathway. anopheles gambiae actin interacts with the extracellular md2-like immune factor agmdl1, and binds to the surfaces of bacteria, mediating ...	2015	25658622
interactions between a fungal entomopathogen and malaria parasites within a mosquito vector.	mosquitoes are becoming increasingly resistant to the chemical insecticides currently available for malaria vector control, spurring interest in alternative management tools. one promising technology is the use of fungal entomopathogens. fungi have been shown to impact the potential for mosquitoes to transmit malaria by reducing mosquito longevity and altering behaviour associated with flight and host location. additionally, fungi could impact the development of malaria parasites within the mosq ...	2015	25626485