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ecotoxicological assessment of pyriproxyfen under environmentally realistic exposure conditions of integrated vector management for aedes aegypti control in brazil.there is increasing concern to control aedes aegypti mosquito exposure in developing countries such as brazil. thus, integrated approaches using a combination of chemical, pyriproxyfen larvicide, and biological, xiphophorus maculatus, larvivorous fish species approaches are necessary and important to initiate more effective control against mosquito borne diseases. this study describes the toxicological effects of pyriproxyfen larvicide on the fish xiphophorus maculatus, the larvivorous fish spec ...201627458879
comparative proteome analysis reveals that blood and sugar meals induce differential protein expression in aedes aegypti female heads.aedes aegypti females ingest sugar or blood to obtain the nutrients needed to maintain cellular homeostasis. during human blood ingestion, female mosquitoes may transmit different viruses such as dengue, yellow fever and, more recently, zika and chikungunya. here, we report changes in protein expression in the heads of adult female ae. aegypti mosquitoes in response to the ingestion of blood or sugar. proteins extracted from the heads of ae. aegypti fed exclusively on blood (bf) or sugar (sf) we ...201627343150
redeployment of a conserved gene regulatory network during aedes aegypti development.changes in gene regulatory networks (grns) underlie the evolution of morphological novelty and developmental system drift. the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster and the dengue and zika vector mosquito aedes aegypti have substantially similar nervous system morphology. nevertheless, they show significant divergence in a set of genes co-expressed in the midline of the drosophila central nervous system, including the master regulator single minded and downstream genes including short gastrulation, s ...201627341759
susceptibility to temephos and spinosad in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from puerto rico.we examined the susceptibility to temephos and spinosad (natular ec) of eight aedes aegypti (l.) populations from puerto rico, following who method (who 2005). enzyme activity was measured for alpha- and beta-esterases, multiple function oxidases, glutathione-s-transferases, and insensitive acetylcholinesterase and was tested for correlation with the susceptibility level. the results showed that larval populations from puerto rico obtained during 2014 were found to be susceptible to both larvici ...201627330095
structural characterization and evaluation of mosquito-larvicidal property of silver nanoparticles synthesized from the seaweed, turbinaria ornata (turner) j. agardh 1848.the silver nanoparticles synthesized from turbinaria ornata (to-agnps) showed spherical with crystalline nature (20-32 nm) was evaluated against fourth instar larvae of three mosquitoes. the maximum activity of to-agnps was recorded on aedes aegypti followed by anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus with the following lethal concentration values (μg/ml): lc50 of 0.738, 1.134, and 1.494; and lc90 of 3.342, 17.982, and 22.475, respectively. the obtained respective values (μg/ml) vis-a-vis ...201627327539
temporal frequency of knockdown resistance mutations, f1534c and v1016g, in aedes aegypti in chiang mai city, thailand and the impact of the mutations on the efficiency of thermal fogging spray with pyrethroids.in thailand, control of dengue outbreaks is currently attained by the use of space sprays, particularly thermal fogging using pyrethroids, with the aim of killing infected aedes mosquito vectors in epidemic areas. however, the principal dengue vector, aedes aegypti, is resistant to pyrethroids conferred mainly by mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene, f1534c and v1016g, termed knockdown resistance (kdr). the objectives of this study were to determine the temporal frequencies of f153 ...201627325294
toxicological assessment of spinosad: implications for integrated control of aedes aegypti using larvicides and larvivorous fish.integration of larvivorous fish and biolarvicides at low concentrations to control of mosquito larvae in field situations may result in a safer and more effective tool. however, the usefulness of integrated approach depends upon survival and ecological fitness of fish employed. thus, the aim of this study was to examine the genotoxic effects of combining different sublethal concentrations of spinosad, a naturally occurring neurotoxic insecticide, with male adult poecilid larvivorous guppy (poeci ...201627294296
effects of preexposure to deet on the downstream blood-feeding behaviors of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes.mosquito behavior is heavily influenced by the chemical molecules in the environment. this knowledge can be used to modify insect behaviors; particularly to reduce vector-host contact as a powerful method for disease prevention. n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide (deet) is the most widely used insect repellent in the market and an excellent example of a chemical that has been used to modify insect behavior for disease prevention. however, genetic insensitivity and habituation in aedes aegypti (l.) mosqu ...201627288690
somatostatin signaling system as an ancestral mechanism: myoregulatory activity of an allatostatin-c peptide in hydra.the coordination of physiological processes requires precise communication between cells. cellular interactions allow cells to be functionally related, facilitating the maintaining of homeostasis. neuropeptides functioning as intercellular signals are widely distributed in metazoa. it is assumed that neuropeptides were the first intercellular transmitters, appearing early during the evolution. in cnidarians, neuropeptides are mainly involved in neurotransmission, acting directly or indirectly on ...201627288244
chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils from different species of piper from panama.the chemical composition of leaf essential oils from 11 species of piper from panama was analyzed by a combination gc-fid and gc-ms procedures. six of them had sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as major constituents, three were characterized by monoterpene hydrocarbons, one by a diterpene, and one by a phenylpropanoid, dillapiole. the main components identified in each species were: cembratrienol (25.4 %) in piper augustum; β-pinene (26.6 %) in piper corrugatum; α-pinene (19.4 %) in piper curtispicum; ...201627286333
reported distribution of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus in the united states, 1995-2016 (diptera: culicidae).aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) transmit arboviruses that are increasing threats to human health in the americas, particularly dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses. epidemics of the associated arboviral diseases have been limited to south and central america, mexico, and the caribbean in the western hemisphere, with only minor localized outbreaks in the united states. nevertheless, accurate and up-to-date information for the geographical ranges of ae. aeg ...201627282817
semi-field evaluation of metofluthrin-impregnated nets on host-seeking aedes aegypti and anopheles dirus.the efficacy of a metofluthrin-impregnated net (min) known as the "mushikonazu" on the house entry behavior of female aedes aegypti and anopheles dirus mosquitoes was evaluated using a semi-field 50-m tunnel setup. while the min is labeled for the control of chironomids and moth flies, this study determined the feasibility of using the device, given its current construction and metofluthrin formulation, as a spatial repellent against mosquitoes. sentinel and cone bioassays were used to determine ...201627280351
new candidates for plant-based repellents against aedes aegypti.based on an ethnobotanical study on use for plant species against mosquito bites in the kota tinggi district, johor state, malaysia, 3 plants selected for study, citrus aurantifolia (leaves), citrus grandis (fruit peel), and alpinia galanga (rhizome), were extracted using hydrodistillation to produce essential oils. these essential oils were then formulated as a lotion using a microencapsulation process and then tested for their repellent effect against aedes aegypti. n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (de ...201627280349
toxicology of potassium channel-directed compounds in mosquitoes.potential targets for new vector control insecticides are nerve and muscle potassium channels. in this study, the activities of known potassium channel blockers (4-aminopyridine, quinidine, and tetraethylammonium) and the insecticide propoxur were compared to three experimental catechols and several other compounds against anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti mosquitoes. experimental catechol 1 was the most toxic experimental compound in all of the mortality assays conducted, but was at least 100 ...201627262624
evaluation of alternative killing agents for aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in the gravid aedes trap (gat).the gravid aedes trap (gat) uses visual and olfactory cues to attract gravid aedes aegypti (l.) that are then captured when knocked down by a residual pyrethroid surface spray. however, the use of surface sprays can be compromised by poor availability of the spray and pesticide resistance in the target mosquito. we investigated several "alternative" insecticide and insecticide-free killing agents for use in the gat. this included long-lasting insecticide-impregnated nets (llins), vapor-active sy ...201627247350
species composition and habitat characterization of mosquito (diptera: culicidae) larvae in semi-urban areas of dhaka, bangladesh.mosquito larvae are purely aquatic and develop in water bodies, the type of which is more or less specific to each species. therefore, a study was carried out to identify the habitat characters of different mosquito species along with their species composition in semi-urban area of dhaka in bangladesh during the month of may and june 2012. a total of 6088 mosquito larvae belonging to 12 species (aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, anopheles barbirostris, anopheles peditaeniatus, anopheles vagus, cu ...201627241953
effects of temperature on the life cycle, expansion, and dispersion of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in three cities in paraiba, brazil.the mosquito aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue and is common throughout tropical and subtropical regions. its distribution is modulated by environmental factors, such as temperature. this study aimed to evaluate the influence of temperature on the life cycle and expansion of ae. aegypti populations in the cities of campina grande, joão pessoa, and patos. samples of ae. aegypti were collected in the three cities and raised in the laboratory. we assessed the life cycles of the three ae ...201627232118
the effect of wolbachia on dengue outbreaks when dengue is repeatedly introduced.use of the wolbachia bacterium is a proposed new strategy to reduce dengue transmission, which results in around 390 million individuals infected annually. in places with strong variations in climatic conditions such as temperature and rainfall, dengue epidemics generally occur only at a certain time of the year. where dengue is not endemic, the time of year in which imported cases enter the population plays a crucial role in determining the likelihood of outbreak occurrence. we use a mathematic ...201627217229
yellow fever vaccination status and safety in hemodialysis patients.the adverse effects of yellow fever (yf) vaccine in dialysis patients are not well known. there is concern about the risks and benefits of the vaccine in immunocompromised patients living in endemic areas, particularly given the risk of resurgence of urban yf with the spread of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. the purpose of this study was to assess the coverage and safety of yf vaccine in chronic dialysis patients.201627208638
urban climate versus global climate change-what makes the difference for dengue?the expansion in the geographical distribution of vector-borne diseases is a much emphasized consequence of climate change, as are the consequences of urbanization for diseases that are already endemic, which may be even more important for public health. in this paper, we focus on dengue, the most widespread urban vector-borne disease. largely urban with a tropical/subtropical distribution and vectored by a domesticated mosquito, aedes aegypti, dengue poses a serious public health threat. temper ...201627197685
entomological assessment of yellow fever-epidemic risk indices in benue state, nigeria, 2010-2011.yellow fever (yf) is a vector-borne disease affecting humans and non-human primates in tropical areas. in the past, there have been pockets of yf outbreaks in nigeria that resulted in preventable deaths. surveillance efforts towards avoiding another outbreak have been put in place with the aim of early detection and control. however, risk indices relating to the density of immature yf-mosquito vectors are given little consideration even though it is the first step in curbing a possible outbreak. ...201627189925
functional and immunohistochemical characterization of cceae3a, a carboxylesterase associated with temephos resistance in the major arbovirus vectors aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus.temephos is a major organophosphate (op) larvicide that has been used extensively for the control of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti, the major vectors for viral diseases, such as dengue fever, zika and chikungunya. resistance to temephos has been recently detected and associated with the upregulation of carboxylesterases (cces) through gene amplification, in both species. here, we expressed the cceae3a genes which showed the most striking up-regulation in resistant aedes strains, using the b ...201627180726
dsrna-mediated targeting of ribosomal transcripts rps6 and rpl26 induces long-lasting and significant reductions in fecundity of the vector aedes aegypti.ribosomal transcripts produce critical proteins that are involved in most cellular production processes. targeting ribosomal transcripts has produced mortality in mites and ticks but the effect of ribosomal transcript knockdown has not been thoroughly examined in mosquitoes. we examine the effects of triggers targeting four ribosomal proteins (rp) transcripts. although no significant mortality was observed after dsrna microinjection and subsequent blood feeding, significant contrasts were observ ...201627180677
toxicological evaluation of essential oil from the leaves of croton tetradenius (euphorbiaceae) on aedes aegypti and mus musculus.for control of aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue, botanical insecticides can be a viable alternative. herein, we evaluated the chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the essential oils of the leaves of croton tetradenius on ae. aegypti larvae and adults. we also evaluated the acute toxicity in mus musculus. the essential oil chemical analysis was performed using chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection. female mice were used for assessing tox ...201627169864
yellow fever cases in asia: primed for an epidemic.there is currently an emerging outbreak of yellow fever in angola. cases in infected travellers have been reported in a number of other african countries, as well as in china, representing the first ever documented cases of yellow fever in asia. there is a large chinese workforce in angola, many of whom may be unvaccinated, increasing the risk of ongoing importation of yellow fever into asia via busy commercial airline routes. large parts of the region are hyperendemic for the related flavivirus ...201627156836
δ-cadinene, calarene and .δ-4-carene from kadsura heteroclita essential oil as novel larvicides against malaria, dengue and filariasis mosquitoes.mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are major vectors of important pathogens and parasites. malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, filariasis, schistosomiasis and japanese encephalitis cause millions of deaths every year. mosquito control is being challenging due to the development of pesticide resistance and negative environmental concerns. in this scenario, plants employed in traditional asian medicine may be alternative sources of newer and effective mosquitocides. in this research, we evaluated th ...201627151483
impact of inter- and intra-specific competition among larvae on larval, adult, and life-table traits of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus females.few studies have taken a comprehensive approach of measuring the impact of inter- and intra-specific larval competition on adult mosquito traits. in this study, the impact of competition aedes aegypti and a. albopictus was quantified over the entire life of a cohort.competitive treatments affected hatch-to-adult survivorship and development time to adulthood of females for both species, but affected median wing length of females only for a. albopictus. competitive treatments had no significant e ...201627141149
multiple qtl determine dorsal abdominal scale patterns in the mosquito aedes aegypti.the mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.) originated in sub-saharan africa as a dark form sylvan species (a. aegypti formosus). evolution of a. aegypti aegypti type form as a human commensal facilitated its colonization of most semitropical and tropical areas. we investigated the genetic basis for abdominal white scale presence that represents the diagnostic for sylvan a. aegypti formosus (scales absent), from type form (scales present) and a. aegypti queenslandensis form (dense scaling). we performed qu ...201627130203
insights into the evolution of chemoreceptor genes superfamily in tyrophagus putrescentiae (acari: acaridae).all living organisms, including animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria, use the olfactory system to recognize chemicals or pheromone from their environment. insects detect a volatile substance using odorant receptors (ors) or gustatory receptors (grs) and ionotropic receptors (irs). the gene families of the olfactory system in acari are still not clear. in this study, we identified seven ors, one gr, and five irs from the transcriptome of the storage mite, tyrophagus putrescentiae schrank. no olfa ...201627113112
detection and distribution of v1016ikdr mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) populations from sergipe state, northeast brazil.aedes aegypti (l.) resistance to pyrethroids was recorded in brazil few years after its introduction as the adulticide in the national dengue control program campaigns. altered susceptibility to pyrethroids had been reported in the state of sergipe, northeast brazil, through biological assays, even before its use against ae. aegypti in the state. metabolic and target-site resistance mechanisms were also revealed in samples from aracaju, the capital of sergipe. herein, we investigated the presenc ...201627113110
recent changes in the local distribution of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in south florida, usa.disease transmission is directly tied to the spatial distribution of disease vectors. the distribution of aedes aegypti (l.) in the united states has diminished since the introduction of aedes albopictus (skuse) in the 1980s. however, ae. aegypti persists in some urban areas, particularly in south florida. the pattern of habitat segregation of these two species is well documented, but the consistency of this phenomenon over time is unknown. to examine the dynamics of the local distributions of t ...201627113103
characteristics and efficacy of three commercial handheld thermal foggers with pyrethroid insecticides against three species of mosquitoes.the field study's objectives were to compare the physical characteristics as well as efficacy with multiple insecticides for bonide(®) fog rx insect fogger, black flag(®) propane insect fogger, and burgess(®) outdoor propane insect fogger. evaluations were conducted with 7 machine chemical combinations, 3 depths of spray, and 3 species of laboratory-reared mosquitoes, anopheles quadrimaculatus, culex quinquefasciatus, and aedes aegypti. combinations of these factors were analyzed in conjunction ...201627105215
age-stage, two-sex life table characteristics of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti in penang island, malaysia.the life table developmental attributes of laboratory colonies of wild strains of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti were analyzed and compared based on the age-stage, two-sex life table. findings inclusive in this study are: adult preoviposition periods, total preoviposition period, mean intrinsic rate of increase (r), mean finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rates (r0), and mean generation time (t). the total preadult development time was 9.47 days for ae. albopictus and 8.76 days fo ...201627105211
comparative analysis of midgut bacterial communities in three aedine mosquito species from dengue-endemic and non-endemic areas of rajasthan, india.dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female aedine mosquitoes. differences in the composition and structure of bacterial communities in the midguts of mosquitoes may affect the vector's ability to transmit the disease. to investigate and analyse the role of midgut bacterial communities in viral transmission, midgut bacteria from three species, namely stegomyia aegypti (= aedes aegypti), fredwardsius vittatus (= aedes vittatus) and stegomyia albopicta (= aedes al ...201627094337
profile distribution of juvenile aedes species in an urban area of malaysia.dengue fever (df) is an urban vector-borne disease transmitted by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. both species deposit their eggs in favorable breeding sites either in natural or artificial containers. an understanding of their habitat characteristics is crucial in curbing df outbreaks201627076510
homology modeling and molecular docking studies of drosophila and aedes sex peptide receptors.the drosophila melanogaster sex peptide receptor (drmspr), which is a g protein-coupled receptor (gpcr), is known as the specific receptor for sex peptide (sp). it is responsible for the reproductive behavior in the drosophila model system; in particular, it is involved in the post-mating responses such as the increase in egg-laying ability and decrease in receptivity in females. in a previous study, we discovered a small molecule agonist of drmspr for the first time, which could not, however, a ...201627060892
functional validation of the carbon dioxide receptor in labial palps of helicoverpa armigera moths.adult moths possess an organ in their labial palps, the labial-palp pit organ, which is specialized for sensing carbon dioxide (co2). they use co2 as a cue to detect healthy plants and find food or lay eggs on them. the molecular bases of the co2 receptor in drosophila melanogaster and aedes aegypti have been reported, but the molecular mechanisms of the co2 receptor in lepidoptera remains elusive. in this study, we first re-examined three putative helicoverpa armigera co2 gustatory receptor gen ...201627060445
molecular cloning, sequence analysis and developmental stage expression of a putative septin gene fragment from aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae).septins belong to gtpases that are involved in vital cellular activities, including cytokinesis. although present in many organisms, they are yet to be isolated from aedes albopictus. this study reports for the first time on a serendipitous isolation of a partial septin sequence from ae. albopictus and its developmental expression profile. the ae. albopictus partial septin sequence contains 591 nucleotides encoding 197 amino acids. it shares homology with several insect septin genes and has a cl ...201627059016
biological and chemical characterization of a new larvicide ovitrap made of plastic with pyriproxyfen incorporated for aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) control.aedes aegypti (l.) is a species of international concern because of its ability to transmit serious human arboviral diseases including yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya, which have spread to all continents. ovitraps are containers constructed to imitate aedes' natural breeding sites and have been used for many decades as a sensitive and inexpensive surveillance tool for detecting the presence of container-inhabiting mosquitoes. in addition to their value for vector surveillance, various ovit ...201627052297
evaluation of clove oil, icaridin, and transfluthrin for spatial repellent effects in three tests systems against the aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).one essential oil (clove oil), one skin repellent (icaridin), and one insecticide (transfluthrin) were tested for spatial repellent effects against non-blood-fed female aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes. the compounds were tested in acetone dilution series using a y-olfactometer, a double cage system, and a double room system. all compounds exhibited spatial repellent effects at certain concentrations. clove oil required relative high dosages to cause high effects (y-olfactometer 6 mg, double cage 6 ...201627651437
antimosquito property of petroselinum crispum (umbellifereae) against the pyrethroid resistant and susceptible strains of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the increasing and widespread resistance to conventional synthetic insecticides in vector populations has underscored the urgent need to establish alternatives in the mosquito management system. this study was carried out with the aim to investigate the antimosquito property, larvicidal and adulticidal potential, of plant products against both the pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant strains of aedes aegypti. seventeen plant products, including essential oils and ethanolic extracts, were obtaine ...201627638800
artemisia absinthium-borne compounds as novel larvicides: effectiveness against six mosquito vectors and acute toxicity on non-target aquatic organisms.the eco-friendly control of mosquito vectors is a crucial challenge of public health importance. here we evaluated the larvicidal potential of artemisia absinthium essential oil (eo) and its three major chemical constituents against six mosquito vectors: anopheles stephensi, anopheles subpictus, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, and culex tritaeniorhynchus. the eo was obtained by leaf hydro-distillation. its chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass s ...201627630101
aedes aegypti in rural areas: public health implications. 201627622476
[zika: a defeat in the struggle against aedes aegypti]. 201627622433
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from mangrove plant (avicennia marina) extract and their potential mosquito larvicidal property.to identify the larvicidal activities of silver nanoparticles synthesised with avicennia marina leaf extract against the larvae of aedes aegypti and anopheleus stephensi, in vitro larvicidal activities such as lc50 and lc90 were assessed. further, characterisation such as uv and ftir analysis were carried out for the synthesised silver nanoparticles. the lc50 value of the synthesised silver nanoparticles was identified as 4.374 and 7.406 mg/l for an. stephensi and ae. aegypti larvae respectively ...201627605825
raed a 4: a new 67-kda aedes aegypti mosquito salivary allergen for the diagnosis of mosquito allergy.accurate diagnosis of mosquito allergy has been hampered by the laborious task of obtaining mosquito salivary allergens. we have previously studied 3 recombinant (r) aedes aegypti mosquito salivary allergens: raed a 1, raed a 2 and raed a 3. here, we report the expression, purification, identification and evaluation of raed a 4, a 67-kda α-glucosidase.201627603527
[effectiveness of commercial repellents against aedes aegypti (l.) in yucatan, méxico].we assessed the efficacy of commercial repellents available in yucatan against aedes aegypti, vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika.201627599081
physical influence on larvicidal and pupicidal activity of the silicone-based monomolecular film.although silicone-based monomolecular film (mmf) has been accepted as larvicide in several countries, its mosquito control potential has never been investigated in thailand. laboratory assessment in this study was conducted to determine the mmf efficacy against aedes aegypti. at the recommended dosage (1ml/m(2) of water surface), mortality of pupae (99.17±0.83%) was significantly greater than mortality of old and young larvae (73.33±9.13, 11.67±3.47%; respectively). pupicidal activity was rapidl ...201627443608
anti-dengue efficacy of bioactive andrographolide from andrographis paniculata (lamiales: acanthaceae) against the primary dengue vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the current study investigated the toxic effect of the leaf extract compound andrographolide from andrographis paniculata (burm.f) against the dengue vector ae. aegypti. gc-ms analysis revealed that andrographolide was recognized as the major chemical constituent with the prominent peak area compared with other compounds. all isolated toxic compounds were purified and confirmed through rp-hplc against chemical standards. the larvicidal assays established at 25ppm of bioactive compound against th ...201627443607
historical environmental change in africa drives divergence and admixture of aedes aegypti mosquitoes: a precursor to successful worldwide colonization?increasing globalization has promoted the spread of exotic species, including disease vectors. understanding the evolutionary processes involved in such colonizations is both of intrinsic biological interest and important to predict and mitigate future disease risks. the aedes aegypti mosquito is a major vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika, the worldwide spread of which has been facilitated by ae. aegypti's adaption to human-modified environments. understanding the evolutionary processes invo ...201627439067
efficacy of thai neem oil against aedes aegypti (l.) larvae.trees with larvicidal activity may be found in thailand. we conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and length of efficacy of thai neem (azadirachta siamensis) oil emulsion and an alginate bead of thai neem oil formulation against early fourth stage aedes aegypti larvae using a dipping test. the thai neem oil emulsion had significantly greater larvicidal activity than the alginate bead formulation at 12 to 60 hours post-exposure (p < 0.01). the thai neem oil formulation resulted in 100% mo ...201627405123
wolbachia restricts insect-specific flavivirus infection in aedes aegypti cells.mosquito-borne viruses are known to cause disease in humans and livestock and are often difficult to control due to the lack of specific antivirals and vaccines. the wolbachia endosymbiont has been widely studied for its ability to restrict positive-strand rna virus infection in mosquitoes, although little is known about the precise antiviral mechanism. in recent years, a variety of insect-specific viruses have been discovered in mosquitoes and an interaction with mosquito-borne viruses has been ...201627692043
[new distribution areas of aedes aegypti in peru]. 201627384639
[suggestions for chikungunya control based on a sensitivity analysis of a mathematical model].chikungunya fever seriously affects peoples' health and causes chronic joint pain and even disability. chikungunya is transmitted by the bite of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. outbreaks have been reported in throughout the world, including latin america. mathematical modeling studies of these outbreaks have calculated the values of various​ epidemiological parameters. based on them, a mathematical model was prepared to simulate a chikungunya outbreak in a local population, which was transmi ...201627384636
first report of leptolegnia chapmanii (peronosporomycetes: saprolegniales) affecting mosquitoes in central brazil.numerous isolates of an oomycete 'fungus', leptolegnia chapmanii, are reported from brazil for the first time. this aquatic pathogen was baited with aedes aegypti sentinel larvae from stagnant, temporary bodies of water in selected locations under secondary tropical forest in and near the central brazilian city of goiânia and from more distant sites in the western and northern regions of the state of goiás. isolates were identified based on their morphological and developmental characters, compa ...201627018147
the response of claudin-like transmembrane septate junction proteins to altered environmental ion levels in the larval mosquito aedes aegypti.septate junctions (sjs) occlude the paracellular pathway and function as paracellular diffusion barriers within invertebrate epithelia. however, integral components of sjs and their contribution to barrier properties have received considerably less attention than those of vertebrate occluding junctions. in arthropods, sj proteins have only been identified in drosophila and among these are three integral claudin-like proteins, megatrachea (mega), sinuous (sinu) and kune-kune (kune), as well as a ...201627004691
ecdysis period and rate deviations of dengue mosquito vector, aedes aegypti reared in different artificial water-holding containers.artificial water-holding containers (awhcs) have been well-documented in many aedes aegypti studies for dengue surveillance and developmental research. hence, we investigated the role of different ahwcs on the development and ecdysis period of ae. aegypti dengue vector, a container breeding mosquito.201627004577
mosquito adulticidal activity of the leaf extracts of spondias mombin l. against aedes aegypti l. and isolation of active principles.aedes aegypti is a domestic mosquito and one of the primary vectors for dengue and yellow fever. since, it is a vector of deadly diseases, its control becomes essential. medicinal plants may be an alternative to adulticidal agents since they contain rich source of bioactive compounds. this study was designed to determine the adulticidal activity of spondias mombin leaf methanol crude extract, n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions against female adults of ae. aegypti mosquitoes an ...201627004574
plasmodium delichoni n. sp.: description, molecular characterisation and remarks on the exoerythrocytic merogony, persistence, vectors and transmission.malaria parasite plasmodium (novyella) delichoni n. sp. (haemosporida, plasmodiidae) was found in a widespread eurasian songbird, the common house martin delichon urbicum (hirundinidae). it is described based on the morphology of its blood stages and segments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b and apicoplast genes, which can be used for molecular identification of this species. erythrocytic meronts and gametocytes are strictly nucleophilic, and mature gametocytes possess pigment granules of marke ...201627000087
incremental cost of implementing residual insecticide treatment with delthametrine on top of intensive routine aedes aegypti control.information on the cost of implementing residual insecticide treatment (rit) for aedes control is scarce. we evaluated the incremental cost on top of intensive conventional routine activities of the aedes control programme (acp) in the city of santiago de cuba, cuba.201626996279
chemical composition, toxicity and non-target effects of pinus kesiya essential oil: an eco-friendly and novel larvicide against malaria, dengue and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors.mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are vectors of important parasites and pathogens causing death, poverty and social disability worldwide, with special reference to tropical and subtropical countries. the overuse of synthetic insecticides to control mosquito vectors lead to resistance, adverse environmental effects and high operational costs. therefore, the development of eco-friendly control tools is an important public health challenge. in this study, the mosquito larvicidal activity of pinus ke ...201626995063
composition and biological activities of the essential oil of piper corcovadensis (miq.) c. dc (piperaceae).essential oil from fresh leaves of the shrub piper corcovadensis (miq.) c. dc was obtained in 0.21% (w/w) yield by hydrodistillation in a clevenger type apparatus. thirty-one components, accounting for 96.61% of the leaf oil, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the major constituents of the oil were 1-butyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene (30.62%), terpinolene (17.44%), trans -caryophyllene (6.27%), α-pinene (5.92%), δ-cadinene (4.92%), and limonene (4.46%). bioassays against larv ...201626993082
dna barcoding and wing morphometrics to distinguish three aedes vectors in thailand.aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) (l.), ae. albopictus (skuse), and ae. scutellaris (walker) are important mosquito vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses. they are morphologically similar and sympatric in some parts of their distribution; therefore, there is a risk of incorrect morphological identification. any confusion could have a negative impact on epidemiological studies or control strategies. therefore, we explored two modern tools to supplement current morphological identification: d ...201626987285
effect of two commercial herbicides on life history traits of a human disease vector, aedes aegypti, in the laboratory setting.some mosquito species utilize the small niches of water that are abundant in farmland habitats. these niches are susceptible to effects from agricultural pesticides, many of which are applied aerially over large tracts of land. one principal form of weed control in agricultural systems involves the development of herbicide-tolerant crops. the impact of sub-agricultural levels of these herbicides on mosquito survival and life-history traits of resulting adults have not been determined. the aim of ...201626965703
an animal homolog of plant mep/amt transporters promotes ammonia excretion by the anal papillae of the disease vector mosquito aedes aegypti.the transcripts of three putative ammonia (nh3/nh4 (+)) transporters, rhesus-like glycoproteins aerh50-1, aerh50-2 and amt/mep-like aeamt1 were detected in the anal papillae of larval aedes aegypti quantitative pcr studies revealed 12-fold higher transcript levels of aeamt1 in anal papillae relative to aerh50-1, and levels of aerh50-2 were even lower. immunoblotting revealed aeamt1 in anal papillae as a pre-protein with putative monomeric and trimeric forms. aeamt1 was immunolocalized to the bas ...201626944496
aedes aegypti control in brazil. 201626944024
deltamethrin-mediated survival, behavior, and oenocyte morphology of insecticide-susceptible and resistant yellow fever mosquitos (aedes aegypti).insecticide use is the prevailing control tactic for the mosquito aedes aegypti, a vector of several human viruses, which leads to ever-increasing problems of insecticide resistance in populations of this insect pest species. the underlying mechanisms of insecticide resistance may be linked to the metabolism of insecticides by various cells, including oenocytes. oenocytes are ectodermal cells responsible for lipid metabolism and detoxification. the goal of this study was to evaluate the subletha ...201626943998
[dengue, zika and chikungunya].arboviruses are transmitted by arthropods, including those responsible for the current pandemic: alphavirus (chikungunya) and flaviviruses (dengue and zika). its importance increased in the americas over the past 20 years. the main vectors are aedes aegypti and a. albopictus. dengue infection provides long lasting immunity against the specific serotype and temporary to the other three. subsequent infection by another serotype determines more serious disease. there is a registered vaccine for den ...201626942903
repellent and mosquitocidal effects of leaf extracts of clausena anisata against the aedes aegypti mosquito (diptera: culicidae).mosquitoes are rapidly developing resistance to insecticides that millions of people relied on to protect themselves from the diseases they carry, thereby creating a need to develop new insecticides. clausena anisata is used traditionally as an insect repellent by various communities in africa and asia. for this study, the repellency and adulticidal activities of leaf extracts and compounds isolated from this plant species were evaluated against the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. in the t ...201626924698
structural insights into the aedes aegypti aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins - an in silico study.there has been a fair bit of understanding on the structure-function relationship of aquaporins (aqps) from plants and vertebrates obtained from available x-ray crystallography data. however, there is a lacuna in understanding the structure of aqps from sanguinivorous insects like the mosquito where it plays a crucial role in survival. in this study, we have built homology models for the aedes aegypti aqps, identified key channel lining residues and compared the structure and sequence with ortho ...201626906718
control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases: sex and gene drive.sterile male releases have successfully reduced local populations of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti, but challenges remain in scale and in separating sexes before release. the recent discovery of the first mosquito male determining factor (m factor) will facilitate our understanding of the genetic programs that initiate sexual development in mosquitoes. manipulation of the m factor and possible intermediary factors may result in female-to-male conversion or female killing, enabling efficient s ...201626897660
spatial spread of dengue in a non-endemic tropical city in northern argentina.after more than eighty years dengue reemerged in argentina in 1997. since then, the largest epidemic in terms of geographical extent, magnitude and mortality, was recorded in 2009. in this report we analyzed the den-1 epidemic spread in orán, a mid-size city in a non-endemic tropical area in northern argentina, and its correlation with demographic and socioeconomic factors. cases were diagnosed by elisa between january and june 2009. we applied a space-time and spatial scan statistic under a poi ...201626875764
[the filaria dipetalonema dessetae: phenomena of regulation and parasite yield in the aedes vector].numerical observations were made on the various steps of the cycle of dipetalonema dessetae in aedes aegypti: -- ingestion of microfilariae: the numbers of the ingested microfilariae correspond to a negative binomial distribution, but the over-dispersion is less important than in the bancroft's filaria as observed by pichon; in this last case the microfilariae are thicker and thus are more slowed in the capillari; -- crossing of the stomach wall: the "limitation" is caused by a precociously esta ...2016754621
[the ability of sumah virus of the ukuniemi group to reproduce in aedes aegypti mosquitoes]. 20165141615
[aedes aegypti eradication campaign in chile]. 201612977855
[limits of the possibilities of acquisition of resistance to ddt of a strain of aedes aegypti subjected to known larval selection for 11 successive generations]. 201613886805
[increased artificial resistance to ddt in adult aedes aegypti by contact of larvae with the insecticide]. 201613585041
[findings on the biology of culicidae in hanoï (tonkin, north vietnam). i. comparative larval development of various strains of aedes albopictus, aedes aegypti, culex fatigans & armigeres obturans]. 201613559861
dengue fever outbreaks in eritrea, 2005-2015: a case for strengthening surveillance, control and reporting.the geographic distribution and burden of dengue is increasing globally. this study aims to evaluate dengue outbreaks and to substantiate the need for strengthened surveillance, reporting and control in eritrea.201629202065
phylogenetic analysis of aedes aegypti based on mitochondrial nd4 gene sequences in almadinah, saudi arabia.aedes aegypti is the main vector of the yellow fever and dengue virus. this mosquito has become the major indirect cause of morbidity and mortality of the human worldwide. dengue virus activity has been reported recently in the western areas of saudi arabia. there is no vaccine for dengue virus until now, and the control of the disease depends on the control of the vector.201628959327
knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding dengue infection among public sector healthcare providers in machala, ecuador.dengue fever is a rapidly emerging infection throughout the tropics and subtropics with extensive public health burden. adequate training of healthcare providers is crucial to reducing infection incidence through patient education and collaboration with public health authorities. we examined how public sector healthcare providers in a dengue-endemic region of ecuador view and manage dengue infections, with a focus on the 2009 world health organization (who) dengue guidelines.201628883952
[effect of pyriproxyfen for the aedes (s) aegypti control (diptera: culicidae) in strains with various degrees of temephos resistance].the continuous use of the organophosphate temephos for aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) has prompted the emergence of resistance to this product in several countries. pyriproxyfen is an analogue of the juvenile hormone recommended by the world health organization as one of the alternative regulators of the dengue vector in drinking waters.201623437553
comparison of two detailed models of aedes aegypti population dynamics.the success of control programs for mosquito borne diseases can be enhanced by crucial information provided by models of the mosquito populations. models, however, can differ in their structure, complexity and biological assumptions, and these differences impact their predictions. unfortunately, it is typically difficult to determine why two complex models make different predictions because we lack structured side-by-side comparisons of models using comparable parameterization. here we present a ...201628462011
optimal repellent usage to combat dengue fever.dengue fever is one of the most important vector-borne diseases. it is transmitted by aedes stegomyia aegypti, and one of the most effective strategies to combat the disease is the reduction of exposure to bites of these mosquitoes. in this paper, we present a game-theoretical model in which individuals choose their own level of protection against mosquito bites in order to maximize their own benefits, effectively balancing the cost of protection and the risk of contracting the dengue fever. we ...201627142427
whatch'em: a weather-driven energy balance model for determining water height and temperature in container habitats for aedes aegypti.the mosquito virus vector aedes (ae.) aegypti exploits a wide range of containers as sites for egg laying and development of the immature life stages, yet the approaches for modeling meteorologically sensitive container water dynamics have been limited. this study introduces the water height and temperature in container habitats energy model (whatch'em), a state-of-the-science, physically based energy balance model of water height and temperature in containers that may serve as development sites ...201629123363
efficient method for establishing f1 progeny from wild populations of anopheles mosquitoes.the changing malaria situation in madagascar requires additional knowledge on the physiology and behaviour of local mosquito vectors. however, the absence of established colonies for several anopheline species present in madagascar constitutes a limiting factor. to avoid labour intensive work and uncertainty for success of establishing anopheles colonies from malagasy species, field collections of blood-fed females and in-tube forced oviposition were combined to reliably produce large numbers of ...201728069024
commensal viruses of mosquitoes: host restriction, transmission, and interaction with arboviral pathogens.recent advances in virus detection strategies and deep sequencing technologies have enabled the identification of a multitude of new viruses that persistently infect mosquitoes but do not infect vertebrates. these are usually referred to as insect-specific viruses (isvs). these novel viruses have generated considerable interest in their modes of transmission, persistence in mosquito populations, the mechanisms that restrict their host range to mosquitoes, and their interactions with pathogens tr ...201728096646
persistent zika virus detection in semen in a traveler returning to the united kingdom from brazil, 2016.zika virus is normally transmitted by mosquitos, but cases of sexual transmission have been reported. we describe a patient with symptomatic zika virus infection in whom the virus was detected in semen for 92 days. our findings support recommendations for 6 months of barrier contraceptive use after symptomatic zika virus infection.201727748650
epidemic outbreak of chikungunya in two neighboring towns in the colombian caribbean: a survival analysis.the first autochthonous chikungunya virus transmission in colombia was reported in september 2014. three months later, every town in the caribbean region was affected, including the bordering towns of ovejas and corozal, in the department of sucre. the objective of the study was to analyze and compare the temporal dynamics of the outbreak of chikungunya in two towns of the department of sucre.201728074128
synthesis and insecticidal activity of acridone derivatives to aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae and non-target aquatic species.a serious mosquito borne yellow fever is one of the grave diseases which affect the major population. since there is no specific treatment for yellow fever, there is a necessity to develop an effective agent. the series of acridinone analogues 3 to 5 were synthesized with help of non-conventional microwave heating and confirmed by respective spectral characterization. 5c and 3b showed highest activity to kill 90% of larvae against a. aegypti and c. quinquefasciatus, respectively. also the active ...201728059104
discovery of flavivirus-derived endogenous viral elements in anopheles mosquito genomes supports the existence of anopheles-associated insect-specific flaviviruses.the flavivirus genus encompasses several arboviruses of public health significance such as dengue, yellow fever, and zika viruses. it also includes insect-specific flaviviruses (isfs) that are only capable of infecting insect hosts. the vast majority of mosquito-infecting flaviviruses have been associated with mosquito species of the aedes and culex genera in the culicinae subfamily, which also includes most arbovirus vectors. mosquitoes of the anophelinae subfamily are not considered significan ...201728078104
enhancement of mosquito trapping efficiency by using pulse width modulated light emitting diodes.in this study, a light-driving bug zapper is presented for well controlling the diseases brought by insects, such as mosquitoes. in order to have the device efficient to trap the insect pests in off-grid areas, pulse width modulated light emitting diodes (pwm-led) combined with a solar power module are proposed and implemented. with specific pwm electric signals to drive the led, it is found that no matter what the ability of catching insects or the consumed power efficiency can be enhanced thus ...201728059148
evaluations of dual attractant toxic sugar baits for surveillance and control of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in florida.dual attractant toxic sugar baits (d-atsb) containing two host kairomones, l-lactic (la) and 1-octen-3-ol (o), and fruit-based attractants were evaluated through olfactory, consumption and mortality, and semi-field experiments to determine if host kairomones could first, enhance attraction of a fruit-based (attractant) toxic sugar bait (atsb), and second, increase the efficacy of a fruit based attractive toxic sugar bait (atsb).201728057066
evaluation of the importance of fever with respect to dengue prognosis according to the 2009 who classification: a retrospective study.the 2009 revised world health organization (who) guidelines for dengue describe fever as the core symptom. accordingly, the diagnosis of non-febrile patients is complicated. the aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of fever in patients with dengue according to the 2009 revised who classification.201728052760
assessment of synthetic floral-based attractants and sugar baits to capture male and female aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the viruses transmitted by aedes aegypti, including dengue and zika viruses, are rapidly expanding in geographic range and as a threat to public health. in response, control programs are increasingly turning to the use of sterile insect techniques resulting in a need to trap male ae. aegypti to monitor the efficacy of the intervention. however, there is a lack of effective and cheap methods for trapping males. thus, we attempted to exploit the physiological need to obtain energy from sugar feedi ...201728095875
identification of functional enolase genes of the silkworm bombyx mori from public databases with a combination of dry and wet bench processes.various insect species have been added to genomic databases over the years. thus, researchers can easily obtain online genomic information on invertebrates and insects. however, many incorrectly annotated genes are included in these databases, which can prevent the correct interpretation of subsequent functional analyses. to address this problem, we used a combination of dry and wet bench processes to select functional genes from public databases.201728086791
application of the analytic hierarchy approach to the risk assessment of zika virus disease transmission in guangdong province, china.an international spread of zika virus (zikv) infection has attracted global attention in 2015. the infection also affected guangdong province, which is located in southern china. multiple factors, including frequent communication with south america and southeast asia, suitable climate (sub-tropical) for the habitat of aedes species, may increase the risk of zikv disease transmission in this region.201728086897
functional characterization of the active mutator-like transposable element, muta1 from the mosquito aedes aegypti.mutator-like transposable elements (mules) are widespread with members in fungi, plants, and animals. most of the research on the mule superfamily has focused on plant mules where they were discovered and where some are extremely active and have significant impact on genome structure. the maize mudr element has been widely used as a tool for both forward and reverse genetic studies because of its high transposition rate and preference for targeting genic regions. however, despite being widesprea ...201728096902
juvenile hormone biosynthesis in adult blattella germanica requires nuclear receptors seven-up and ftz-f1.in insects, the transition from juvenile development to the adult stage is controlled by juvenile hormone (jh) synthesized from the corpora allata (ca) glands. whereas a jh-free period during the last juvenile instar triggers metamorphosis and the end of the growth period, the reappearance of this hormone after the imaginal molt marks the onset of reproductive adulthood. despite the importance of such transition, the regulatory mechanism that controls it remains mostly unknown. here, using the h ...201728074850
emergence of epidemic zika virus transmission and congenital zika syndrome: are recently evolved traits to blame?the mechanisms responsible for the dramatic emergence of zika virus (zikv), accompanied by congenital zika syndrome and guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), remain unclear. however, two hypotheses are prominent: (i) evolution for enhanced urban transmission via adaptation to mosquito vectors, or for enhanced human infection to increase amplification, or (ii) the stochastic introduction of zikv into large, naive human populations in regions with abundant aedes aegypti populations, leading to enough rar ...201728074023
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