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new records of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in eight texas counties, u.s.a. 201931124239
spatial repellency and other effects of transfluthrin and linalool on aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.in the present study, the effects of two spatial repellents (sr) were determined for aedes aegypti and ae albopictus, the main vectors of dengue, chikungunya, and zika fever. the modular high-throughput screening system (hitss) was used to evaluate the response of both species to transfluthrin and linalool sr at different concentrations. the highest spatial repellency results for ae. aegypti were obtained by transfluthrin to 0.001% with 37.50 ± 4.33%, and for linalool to 10% with 77.50 ± 3.90%. ...201931124222
diet drugs trick mosquitoes into feeling full.after a bloodmeal, aedesaegypti mosquitoes lose interest in bloodfeeding. duvall et al. (cell 2019;176:687-701) determined that the neuropeptide y (npy)-like receptor 7 (npylr7) controls mosquito satiety and also identified six npylr7 drug targets that suppress biting. this work highlights an innovative approach in vector control linking insect behavior to drug discovery.201931122765
excito-repellent activity of β-caryophyllene oxide against aedes aegypti and anopheles minimus.contact irritant and non-contact repellent activities of β-caryophyllene oxide were evaluated against laboratory strains of female aedes aegypti (usda strain), a major arbovirus vector and anopheles minimus (ku strain), a major malaria parasite vector, compared with the synthetic repellent deet, using an excito-repellency test system. β-caryophyllene oxide and deet were tested at concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0% (v/v). anopheles minimus was found to be more sensitive to β-caryophyllene ...201931121148
identification of molecular determinants of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) populations in california, usa.the first breeding populations of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) were identified in california in 2013, and have since been detected in 13 counties. recent studies suggest two introductions likely occurred, with genetically distinct populations in the central and southern regions of the state. given the threat of dengue, chikungunya, and zika virus transmission, it is imperative to understand if these populations harbor genes that could confer resistance to pyrethrin-based insecticides, known as pyret ...201931121042
uncertainty analysis of species distribution models.the maximum entropy model, a commonly used species distribution model (sdm) normally combines observations of the species occurrence with environmental information to predict the geographic distributions of animal or plant species. however, it only produces point estimates for the probability of species existence. to understand the uncertainty of the point estimates, we analytically derived the variance of the outputs of the maximum entropy model from the variance of the input. we applied the an ...201931120909
insecticide resistance levels and mechanisms in aedes aegypti populations in and around ouagadougou, burkina faso.recent outbreaks of dengue and other aedes aegypti-borne arboviruses highlight the importance of a rapid response for effective vector control. data on insecticide resistance and underlying mechanisms are essential for outbreak preparedness, but are sparse in much of africa. we investigated the levels and heterogeneity of insecticide resistance and mechanisms of ae. aegypti from contrasting settings within and around ouagadougou, burkina faso.201931120874
topological qsar modelling of carboxamides repellent activity to aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti vector control is of paramount importance owing to the damages induced by the various severe diseases that these insects may transmit, and the increasing risk of important outbreaks of these pathologies. search for new chemicals efficient against aedes aegypti, and devoid of side-effects, which have been associated to the currently most used active substance i. e. n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet), is therefore an important issue. in this context, we developed various quantitative str ...201931120598
entomological efficacy of aerial ultra-low volume insecticide applications against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in mexico.a cluster-randomized controlled trial quantified the entomological efficacy of aerial ultra-low volume (aulv) applications of the insecticide chlorpyrifos against aedes aegypti in puerto vallarta, méxico, during november-october 2017. the trial involved 16 large (1 × 1 km) clusters distributed between treatment-control arms. primary endpoint was the abundance of ae. aegypti indoors (total adults, females, and blood-fed females) collected using prokopack aspirators. after four consecutive weekly ...201931120502
wolbachia strain walba blocks zika virus transmission in aedes aegypti.transinfections of the maternally transmitted endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis can reduce rna virus replication and prevent transmission by aedes aegypti, and also have the capacity to invade wild-type populations, potentially reaching and maintaining high infection frequencies. levels of virus transmission blocking are positively correlated with wolbachia intracellular density. despite reaching high densities in ae. aegypti, transinfections of walba, a strain native to aedes albopictus, showed ...201931120156
larvicidal activity of hypoestes forskaolii (vahl) r. br root extracts against anopheles gambiae giless.s, aedes aegypti l, and culex quinquefasciatussay.aim: this study aimed to evaluate larvicidal activity of hypoestes forskaolii r. br root extract against 3rd instar anopheles gambiae, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus. methods: a protocol developed by the world health organization was adopted, with minor modification using chloroform and methanol extracts with concentrations ranging from 25-750 µg/ml. results: the h. forskaolii chloroform extract exhibited very high larvicidal activity after 72 hours of exposure, with lc50 2.0322, 3.89 ...201931118834
characterization of a broad-based mosquito yeast interfering rna larvicide with a conserved target site in mosquito semaphorin-1a genes.rna interference (rnai), which has facilitated functional characterization of mosquito neural development genes such as the axon guidance regulator semaphorin-1a (sema1a), could one day be applied as a new means of vector control. saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) may represent an effective interfering rna expression system that could be used directly for delivery of rna pesticides to mosquito larvae. here we describe characterization of a yeast larvicide developed through bioengineering ...201931118082
[experiences, barriers and facilitators to the implementation of interventions for controlling aedes aegypti in latin america and the caribbean: a qualitative study].this study sought to describe experiences, barriers and facilitators to the implementation of interventions for controlling aedes aegypti in latin america and the caribbean. a qualitative approach with semi-structured in-depth interviews with program implementation experts (19 participants in nine countries) was carried out. we used a software to codify the data and created matrices to compare them. based on our findings, we developed a graphic representation of the theoretical dimensions that e ...201931116251
aedes mosquito infestation in socioeconomically contrasting neighborhoods of panama city.the global expansion and proliferation of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus represents a growing public health threat due to their capacity to transmit a variety of arboviruses to humans, including dengue, chikungunya, and zika. particularly important in urban regions, where these species have evolved to breed in man-made containers and feed nearly exclusively on human hosts, the threat of vector-borne disease has risen in recent decades due to the growth of cities, progression of climate chang ...201931114946
estimating absolute indoor density of aedes aegypti using removal sampling.quantification of adult aedes aegypti abundance indoors has relied on estimates of relative density (e.g. number of adults per unit of sampling or time), most commonly using traps or timed collections using aspirators. the lack of estimates of the sensitivity of collections and lack of a numerical association between relative and the absolute density of adult ae. aegypti represent a significant gap in vector surveillance. here, we describe the use of sequential removal sampling to estimate absol ...201931113454
use of mosquito repellents to protect against zika virus infection among pregnant women in brazil.to evaluate the use of repellents among pregnant women as a protective measure against infection with the zika virus.201931112836
predicting aquatic development and mortality rates of aedes aegypti.mosquito-borne pathogens continue to be a significant burden within human populations, with aedes aegypti continuing to spread dengue, chikungunya, and zika virus throughout the world. using data from a previously conducted study, a linear regression model was constructed to predict the aquatic development rates based on the average temperature, temperature fluctuation range, and larval density. additional experiments were conducted with different parameters of average temperature and larval den ...201931112566
the ion channel ppk301 controls freshwater egg-laying in the mosquito aedes aegypti.female aedes aegypti mosquitoes are deadly vectors of arboviral pathogens and breed in containers of freshwater associated with human habitation. because high salinity is lethal to offspring, correctly evaluating water purity is a crucial parenting decision. we found that the deg/enac channel ppk301 and sensory neurons expressing ppk301 control egg-laying initiation and choice in ae. aegypti. using calcium imaging, we found that ppk301-expressing cells show ppk301-dependent responses to water bu ...201931112133
juvenile hormone signaling in insect oogenesis.juvenile hormone (jh) plays a crucial role in insect reproduction, but its molecular mode of action only became clear within the last decade. we here review recent findings revealing the intricate crosstalk between jh and ecdysone signaling with nutrient sensing pathways in drosophila melanogaster, aedes aegypti, tribolium castaneum and locusta migratoria. the finding for a critical role of ecdysis triggering hormone (eth) in both molting and ooogenesis now also highlights the importance of an i ...201931109672
transmission potential of african, asian and american zika virus strains by aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus from guadeloupe (french west indies).zika virus (zikv) is an arbovirus that has dramatically spread in south america and the caribbean regions since 2015. the majority of vector incrimination studies available for zikv showed that aedes aegypti mosquitoes are important vectors for this virus. however, several reports suggest that culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes may be implicated in zikv transmission in certain urban settings. in the present study, we evaluated the vector competence for zikv of cx. quinquefasciatus and ae. aegypti ...201931109248
pathogen blocking in wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti is not affected by zika and dengue virus co-infection.wolbachia's ability to restrict arbovirus transmission makes it a promising tool to combat mosquito-transmitted diseases. wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti are currently being released in locations such as brazil, which regularly experience concurrent outbreaks of different arboviruses. a. aegypti can become co-infected with, and transmit multiple arboviruses with one bite, which can complicate patient diagnosis and treatment.201931107912
tire shops in miami-dade county, florida are important producers of vector mosquitoes.human mobility in urban environments is a central part of urbanization and has determined the layout of how cities are projected, built and renovated. one of the most problematic issues of urbanization is how to properly dispose of used tires, considering the worldwide annual production of approximately 1.4 billion units every year. despite the efforts to properly dispose of used tires, they still represent a major problem for public health, notably serving as potential breeding sites for vector ...201931107881
characterization of a yeast interfering rna larvicide with a target site conserved in the synaptotagmin gene of multiple disease vector mosquitoes.new mosquito control strategies are vitally needed to address established and emerging arthropod-borne infectious diseases. here we describe the characterization of a yeast interfering rna larvicide that was developed through the genetic engineering of saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) to express a short hairpin rna targeting the aedes aegypti synaptotagmin (aae syt) gene. the larvicide effectively silences the aae syt gene, causes defects at the larval neural synapse, and induces high ra ...201931107878
neurological manifestations of pediatric arboviral infections in the americas.dengue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses are arboviruses transmitted by the mosquito aedes aegypti. these viruses exhibit marked neurotropism but have rarely been studied. here, we conduct an integrative review of the neurological manifestations caused by these arboviruses in the pediatric population. data on patients under 18 years of age were extracted from literature databases. the most frequently reported neurological manifestations were encephalitis, meningitis, seizures, hypotoni ...201931103802
induction of rna interference to block zika virus replication and transmission in the mosquito aedes aegypti.the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, serves as the primary vector for epidemic transmission of yellow fever, dengue, zika (zikv), and chikungunya viruses to humans. control of ae. aegypti is currently limited to insecticide applications and larval habitat management; however, to combat growing challenges with insecticide resistance, novel genetic approaches for vector population reduction or transmission interruption are being aggressively pursued. the objectives of this study were to asses ...201931103782
plant essential oils synergize various pyrethroid insecticides and antagonize malathion in aedes aegypti.pyrethroid resistance is a significant threat to agricultural, urban and public health pest control activities. because economic incentives for the production of novel active ingredients for the control of public health pests are lacking, this field is particularly affected by the potential failure of pyrethroid-based insecticides brought about by increasing pyrethroid resistance. as a result, innovative approaches are desperately needed to overcome insecticide resistance, particularly in mosqui ...201931102301
prevalence and distribution of dengue virus in aedes aegypti in yogyakarta city before deployment of wolbachia infected aedes aegypti.indonesia is one of the countries where dengue infection is prevalent. in this study we measure the prevalence and distribution of dengue virus (denv) denv-infected aedes aegypti in yogyakarta city, indonesia, during the wet season when high dengue transmission period occurred, as baseline data before implementation of a wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti trial for dengue control. we applied one-step multiplex real time pcr (rt-pcr) for the type-specific-detection of dengue viruses in field-caught ...201931100967
aedes aegypti saliva impairs m1-associated proinflammatory phenotype without promoting or affecting m2 polarization of murine macrophages.during the feeding process, the mouthparts of hematophagous mosquitoes break the skin barrier and probe the host tissue to find the blood. the saliva inoculated in this microenvironment modulates host hemostasis, inflammation and adaptive immune responses. however, the mechanisms involved in these biological activities remain poorly understood and few studies explored the potential roles of mosquito saliva on the individual cellular components of the immune system. here, we report the immunomodu ...201931097013
enzymatic and molecular characterization of insecticide resistance mechanisms in field populations of aedes aegypti from selangor, malaysia.dengue is a serious public health problem worldwide, including in selangor, malaysia. being an important vector of dengue virus, aedes aegypti are subjected to control measures which rely heavily on the usage of insecticides. evidently, insecticide resistance in ae. aegypti, which arise from several different point mutations within the voltage-gated sodium channel genes, has been documented in many countries. thus, this robust study was conducted in all nine districts of selangor to understand t ...201931097010
re-emergence of chikungunya in the republic of the congo in 2019 associated with a possible vector-host switch.in january 2019, an outbreak of chikungunya virus fever was reported in a rural region near pointe-noire, republic of the congo. molecular and phylogenetic analysis of this new chikv strain demonstrated the presence of the a226v substitution and a surprisingly close relation with aedes aegypti-associated central africa chikungunya strains. these results, combined with the preponderance of aedes albopictus in the outbreak area, suggest a recent vector-host switch facilitated by the emergence and ...201931096054
frequent sugar feeding behavior by aedes aegypti in bamako, mali makes them ideal candidates for control with attractive toxic sugar baits (atsb).current tools and strategies are not sufficient to reliably address threats and outbreaks of arboviruses including zika, dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever. hence there is a growing public health challenge to identify the best new control tools to use against the vector aedes aegypti. in this study, we investigated ae. aegypti sugar feeding strategies in bamako, mali, to determine if this species can be controlled effectively using attractive toxic sugar baits (atsb).201931206547
the mosquito immune system and the life of dengue virus: what we know and do not know.flaviviruses are largely transmitted to humans by their arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes or ticks. the dengue virus (denv) is one of the members of the family flaviviridae and is the causative agent of dengue fever. in the mosquito vector, denv enters through viremic blood meal and replicates in the mid-gut. newly formed virion particles circulate to various mosquito organs and get transmitted to the next host in subsequent bites. aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus have intricate immune cont ...201931200426
entomo-virological surveillance strategy for dengue, zika and chikungunya arboviruses in field-caught aedes mosquitoes in an endemic urban area of the northeast of brazil.aedes spp. are considered the main vectors of dengue (denv), zika (zikv) and chikungunya (chikv) viruses in the world. arbovirus detection in aedes mosquitoes can alert authorities to possible outbreaks, reducing the impact of these diseases. the purpose of this study was to perform an operational strategy for virological surveillance of denv, zikv and chikv in adult aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes captured at different key-sites in an endemic urban area of the northeast region of ...201931194961
surveys of arboviruses vectors in four cities stretching along a railway transect of burkina faso: risk transmission and insecticide susceptibility status of potential vectors.background: a severe outbreak of dengue occurred in burkina faso in 2016, with the most cases reported in ouagadougou, that highlights the necessity to implement vector surveillance system. this study aims to estimate the risk of arboviruses transmission and the insecticide susceptibility status of potential vectors in four sites in burkina faso. methods: from june to september 2016, house-to-house cross sectional entomological surveys were performed in four cities stretching along a southwest-t ...201931192232
sustained wolbachia-mediated blocking of dengue virus isolates following serial passage in aedes aegypti cell culture.wolbachia is an intracellular endosymbiont of insects that inhibits the replication of a range of pathogens in its arthropod hosts. the release of wolbachia into wild populations of mosquitoes is an innovative biocontrol effort to suppress the transmission of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) to humans, most notably dengue virus. the success of the wolbachia-based approach hinges upon the stable persistence of the 'pathogen blocking' effect, whose mechanistic basis is poorly understood. evid ...201931191980
phylogenetic analysis of dengue-2 serotypes circulating in mangroves in northern cordoba, colombia.in this study, we aimed to identify denv-2 subtypes in aedes aegypti pools collected between 2011 and 2017 in a rural area of northern cordoba, colombia ("la balsa").201931188919
vector competence of aedes aegypti for different strains of zika virus in argentina.the importance of zika virus (zikv) has increased noticeably since the outbreak in the americas in 2015, when the illness was associated with congenital disorders. although there is evidence of sexual transmission of the virus, the mosquito aedes aegypti is believed to be the main vector for transmission to humans. this species of mosquito has not only been found naturally infected with zikv, but also has been the subject of study in many vector competence assays that employ different strains of ...201931188869
optimal control of vaccination in a vector-borne reaction-diffusion model applied to zika virus.zika virus has acquired worldwide concern after a recent outbreak in latin america that started in brazil, with associated neurological conditions such as microcephaly in newborns from infected mothers. the virus is transmitted mainly by aedes aegypti mosquitoes, but direct (sexual) transmission has been documented. we formulate a reaction diffusion model that considers spatial movement of humans and vectors, with local contact transmission of zika virus. vaccination is introduced as a control v ...201931187254
cartography of odor chemicals in the dengue vector mosquito (aedes aegypti l., diptera/culicidae).this study was aimed to identify the chemical compounds of aedes aegypti that can be potentially used to develop pheromone-based vector control methods. in this study, we compared the chemical compounds collected from the organs of mosquitoes at different developmental stages in the life cycle. we also compared the composition and amount of extracts from the different tissues of male and female adult mosquito. interestingly, we found large amount of c17-c20 ethyl and methyl esters in the wings o ...201931186462
male competition and the evolution of mating and life-history traits in experimental populations of aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti is an important disease vector and a major target of reproductive control efforts. we manipulated the opportunity for sexual selection in populations of ae. aegypti by controlling the number of males competing for a single female. populations exposed to higher levels of male competition rapidly evolved higher male competitive mating success relative to populations evolved in the absence of competition, with an evolutionary response visible after only five generations. we also detec ...201931185872
assessing the potential interactions between cellular mirna and arboviral genomic rna in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.although the role of exogenous small interfering rna (sirna) and p-element induced wimpy testis (piwi)-interacting rna (pirna) pathways in mosquito antiviral immunity is increasingly better understood, there is still little knowledge regarding the role of mosquito cellular microrna (mirna). identifying direct interactions between the mosquito mirnas and the rna genome of arboviruses and choosing the relevant mirna candidates to explore resulting antiviral mechanisms are critical. here, we carrie ...201931185697
seasonal and geographic variation in insecticide resistance in aedes aegypti in southern ecuador.insecticide resistance (ir) can undermine efforts to control vectors of public health importance. aedes aegypti is the main vector of resurging diseases in the americas such as yellow fever and dengue, and recently emerging chikungunya and zika fever, which have caused unprecedented epidemics in the region. vector control remains the primary intervention to prevent outbreaks of aedes-transmitted diseases. in many high-risk regions, like southern ecuador, we have limited information on ir. in thi ...201931181073
screening aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) populations from pernambuco, brazil for resistance to temephos, diflubenzuron, and cypermethrin and characterization of potential resistance mechanisms.resistance to chemical insecticides detected in aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes has been a problem for the national dengue control program (pncd) over the last years. in order to provide deeper knowledge of resistance to xenobiotics, our study evaluated the susceptibility profile of temephos, diflubenzuron, and cypermethrin insecticides in natural mosquito populations from the pernambuco state, associating these results with the local historical use of such compounds. furthermore, mechanisms that ...201931175834
temperature impacts on dengue emergence in the united states: investigating the role of seasonality and climate change.tropical mosquito-borne viruses have been expanding into more temperate regions in recent decades. this is partly due to the coupled effects of temperature on mosquito life history traits and viral infection dynamics and warming surface temperatures, resulting in more suitable conditions for vectors and virus transmission. in this study, we use a deterministic ordinary differential equations model to investigate how seasonal and diurnal temperature fluctuations affect the potential for dengue tr ...201931175008
enhanced vector surveillance to control arbovirus epidemics in colombia.in the wake of the zika epidemic, there has been intensified interest in the surveillance and control of the arbovirus vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, yet many existing surveillance systems could benefit from improvements. vector control programs are often directed by national governments, but are carried out at the local level, resulting in the discounting of spatial heterogeneities in ecology and epidemiology. furthermore, entomological and epidemiological data are often collected ...201931171922
community assessments for mosquito prevention and control experiences, attitudes, and practices - u.s. virgin islands, 2017 and 2018.aedes aegypti, the mosquito that carries dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses, is present throughout the u.s. virgin islands (usvi). to reduce mosquitoborne disease transmission, the usvi department of health (vidoh) is responsible for integrated mosquito management. during january 2016-january 2018, usvi experienced its first zika outbreak, with most cases reported during january-december 2016, as well as two category 5 hurricanes (irma on st. thomas/st. john on september 6, 2017, and maria on ...201931170124
the widespread occurrence and potential biological roles of endogenous viral elements in insect genomes.modern genomic sequencing and bioinformatics approaches have detected numerous examples of dna sequences derived from dna and rna virus genomes integrated into both vertebrate and insect genomes. retroviruses encode rna-dependent dna polymerases (reverse transcriptases) and integrases that convert their rna viral genomes into dna proviruses and facilitate proviral dna integration into the host genome. surprisingly, dna sequences derived from rna viruses that do not encode these enzymes also occu ...201931167954
rnaseq analysis of aedes albopictus mosquito midguts after chikungunya virus infection.chikungunya virus (chikv) is an emerging pathogen around the world and causes significant morbidity in patients. a single amino acid mutation in the envelope protein of chikv has led to a shift in vector preference towards aedesalbopictus. while mosquitoes are known to mount an antiviral immune response post-infection, molecular interactions during the course of infection at the tissue level remain largely uncharacterised. we performed whole transcriptome analysis on dissected midguts of aedes a ...201931167461
aedes aegypti microrna, mir-2944b-5p interacts with 3'utr of chikungunya virus and cellular target vps-13 to regulate viral replication.rna interference is among the most important mechanisms that serve to restrict virus replication within mosquitoes, where micrornas (mirnas) are important in regulating viral replication and cellular functions. these mirnas function by binding to complementary sequences mostly in the untranslated regions of the target. chikungunya virus (chikv) genome consists of two open reading frames flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions on the two sides. a recent study from our laboratory has shown that ...201931166953
utilizing larvicidal and pupicidal efficacy of eucalyptus and neem oil against aedes mosquito: an approach for mosquito control.plant-based products can provide safe and biodegradable mosquito control agents. the essential oils have a strong odor due to complex secondary metabolites and exhibit lower density than that of water, which renders them suitable to form a thin layer above the water surface. the present study was designed to evaluate the larvicidal, pupicidal activity of eucalyptus and neem oils against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.201931161087
wolbachia pipientis occurs in aedes aegypti populations in new mexico and florida, usa.the mosquitoes aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus skuse are the major vectors of dengue, zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya viruses worldwide. wolbachia, an endosymbiotic bacterium present in many insects, is being utilized in novel vector control strategies to manipulate mosquito life history and vector competence to curb virus transmission. earlier studies have found that wolbachia is commonly detected in ae. albopictus but rarely detected in ae. aegypti. in this study, we used a two-step ...201931161026
molecular evidence of sequential evolution of ddt- and pyrethroid-resistant sodium channel in aedes aegypti.multiple mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel have been associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) to ddt and pyrethroid insecticides in a major human disease vector aedes aegypti. one mutation, v1016g, confers sodium channel resistance to pyrethroids, but a different substitution in the same position v1016i alone had no effect. in pyrethroid-resistant ae. aegypti populations, v1016i is often linked to another mutation, f1534c, which confers sodium channel resistance only to type i pyre ...201931158225
blood feeding activates the vitellogenic stage of oogenesis in the mosquito aedes aegypti through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 by the insulin and tor pathways.most mosquitoes, including aedes aegypti, only produce eggs after blood feeding on a vertebrate host. oogenesis in a. aegypti consists of a pre-vitellogenic stage before blood feeding and a vitellogenic stage after blood feeding. primary egg chambers remain developmentally arrested during the pre-vitellogenic stage but complete oogenesis to form mature eggs during the vitellogenic stage. in contrast, the signaling factors that maintain primary egg chambers in pre-vitellogenic arrest or that acti ...201931153832
vapor delivery of plant essential oils alters pyrethroid efficacy and detoxification enzyme activity in mosquitoes.the use of synthetic insecticides to limit the spread of mosquito-borne disease faces a number of significant challenges, including insecticide resistance, concerns related to the environmental impact of widespread insecticide use, as well as slowed development of new insecticide chemistries. one important alternative to broadcast insecticides is the use of personal protection strategies to limit contact with vector species, including the use of spatial repellents that can employ synthetic pyret ...201931153481
transmission of lumpy skin disease virus: a short review.lumpy skin disease (lsd) is a viral transboundary disease endemic throughout africa and of high economic importance that affects cattle and domestic water buffaloes. since 2012, the disease has spread rapidly and widely throughout the middle eastern and balkan regions, southern caucasus and parts of the russian federation. before vaccination campaigns took their full effect, the disease continued spreading from region to region, mainly showing seasonal patterns despite implementing control and e ...201931152757
barriers that limit the implementation of thermal fogging for the control of dengue in colombia: a study of mixed methods.thermal fogging of insecticides is a vector control strategy used by the medellin secretary of health to combat dengue. this method is employed during outbreaks to curb populations of potentially infectious adult mosquitoes and interrupt transmission cycles. while this strategy has been used in medellin since 2007, in some years it has not reduced dengue cases as expected. difficulties in the implementation of fumigation strategies, such as lack of opportunity for treatment and public perception ...201931146722
estimating the impact of city-wide aedes aegypti population control: an observational study in iquitos, peru.during the last 50 years, the geographic range of the mosquito aedes aegypti has increased dramatically, in parallel with a sharp increase in the disease burden from the viruses it transmits, including zika, chikungunya, and dengue. there is a growing consensus that vector control is essential to prevent aedes-borne diseases, even as effective vaccines become available. what remains unclear is how effective vector control is across broad operational scales because the data and the analytical too ...201931145744
effects of constant and fluctuating low temperatures on the development of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from a temperate region.most studies of the effects of low temperature on the development of immature stages of aedes aegypti (l.) have been performed at constant temperatures in the laboratory, which may not accurately reflect the variable environmental conditions in the field. thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of constant temperatures (ct) and fluctuating low temperatures (ft) on the fitness of ae. aegypti of buenos aires, argentina. three ct treatments (12, 14, and 16°c) and three ft treatments (1 ...201931139823
predatory efficacy of five locally available copepods on aedes larvae under laboratory settings: an approach towards bio-control of dengue in sri lanka.many countries are in search of more effective and sustainable methods for controlling dengue vectors, due to undeniable inefficiencies in chemical and mechanical vector control methods. bio-control of vectors by copepods is an ideal method of using interactions in the natural ecosystem for vector management, with minimum consequences on the environment. current study determined the predatory efficacy of five locally abundant copepod species on, aedes larvae under laboratory conditions. copepods ...201931136574
chemical composition and larvicidal activity of the essential oil from the leaves of onychopetalum periquino (rusby) d.m. johnson & n.a. murray.the essential oil (eo) from the leaves of onychopetalum periquino, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (gc-ms), and also was investigated for its larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti larvae. thirteen compounds, representing 91.31% of the crude oil, were identified. major compounds were sesquiterpenes, including β-elemene (53.16%), spathulenol (11.94%) and β-selinene (9.25%). the eo showed high larvicidal activity with a lethal con ...201931135221
sodium ascorbate as a potential toxicant in attractive sugar baits for control of adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and sand flies (diptera: psychodidae).attractive toxic sugar baits (atsbs) can be an effective vector control tool, especially in areas where aerial or aquatic applications of pesticides are undesirable or impractical. in general, there is a need to develop novel or alternative insecticides for vector control, and there is a demand from consumers for more 'natural' pest control products. sodium ascorbate (sa) is a naturally occurring antioxidant compound, found in fruits and vegetables, and is available commercially in the united st ...201931134270
high infestation of invasive aedes mosquitoes in used tires along the local transport network of panama.the long-distance dispersal of the invasive disease vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus has introduced arthropod-borne viruses into new geographical regions, causing a significant medical and economic burden. the used-tire industry is an effective means of aedes dispersal, yet studies to determine aedes occurrence and the factors influencing their distribution along local transport networks are lacking. to assess infestation along the primary transport network of panama we documented all ...201931133041
the sulcatone receptor of the strict nectar-feeding mosquito toxorhynchites amboinensis.controlling ae. aegypti populations and the prevention of mosquito bites includes the development of monitoring, repelling and attract-and-kill strategies that are based on understanding the chemical ecology of these pests. olfactory-mediated attraction to mammals has recently been linked to the mosquito aedes aegypti odorant receptor or4, which is activated by animal-released 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone). this odorant is also a major component of flower scents and may play a role outside ...201931129164
a genomic approach to inferring kinship reveals limited intergenerational dispersal in the yellow fever mosquito.understanding past dispersal and breeding events can provide insight into ecology and evolution and can help inform strategies for conservation and the control of pest species. however, parent-offspring dispersal can be difficult to investigate in rare species and in small pest species such as mosquitoes. here, we develop a methodology for estimating parent-offspring dispersal from the spatial distribution of close kin, using pairwise kinship estimates derived from genome-wide single nucleotide ...201931125998
utilization of electrocoagulation for the isolation of alkaloids from the aerial parts of stemona aphylla and their mosquitocidal activities against aedes aegypti.the electrocoagulation (ec) technique is an alternative method of isolating natural products with the advantage of minimizing the amounts of organic solvents required for this process, which are often harmful to the environment. in this research, the ec and the conventional solvent extraction methods were used in the isolation of stemona alkaloids from the aerial parts of stemona aphylla. a comparison was made between the amounts of the isolated alkaloids and the solvents used. the isolated alka ...201931398781
prolonged mosquitocidal activity of siparuna guianensis essential oil encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles.the use of synthetic insecticides is one of the most common strategies for controlling disease vectors such as mosquitos. however, their overuse can result in serious risks to human health, to the environment, as well as to the selection of insecticidal resistant insect strains. the development of efficient and eco-friendly insect control is urgent, and essential oils have been presented as potential alternatives to synthetic insecticides. moreover, nanoencapsulation techniques can enhance their ...201931398198
forecasting dengue fever in brazil: an assessment of climate conditions.local climate conditions play a major role in the biology of the aedes aegypti mosquito, the main vector responsible for transmitting dengue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever in urban centers. for this reason, a detailed assessment of periods in which changes in climate conditions affect the number of human cases may improve the timing of vector-control efforts. in this work, we develop new machine-learning algorithms to analyze climate time series and their connection to the occurrence of den ...201931393908
efficacy of spinosad granules and lambda-cyhalothrin contrasts with reduced performance of temephos for control of aedes spp. in vehicle tires in veracruz, mexico.the present study examined the efficacy of λ-cyhalothrin, pyriproxyfen and granular formulations of spinosad and temephos for the control of mosquito larvae present in experimental tires in veracruz state, mexico in the period 2015-2016. both λ-cyhalothrin and spinosad granules provided control of larvae and pupae of aedesaegypti, ae. albopictus and culex spp. in used tires in veracruz state, mexico, over a 9-12 week period, although numbers of culex were low. the numbers of aedes larvae + pupae ...201931390780
the social face of aedes control: women take the floor in a suburban district of fortaleza, brazil.aedes aegypti is currently a critical disease agent and is responsible for viruses such as zika, chikungunya and dengue's four serotypes. this mosquito's relevance to the current social body has come to the fore and triggered urgent ecohealth investigations since this approach aims to articulate different theoretical fields to understand the historical linkages between nature, society and health. based on an ethnographic premise, this study considered the unequal and unfair conditions that make ...201931389545
evaluation of bioactivity of aqueous extracts of bougainvillea spectabilis, saraca asoca, and chenopodium album against immature forms of aedes aegypti.increasing rate of vector transmission of dengue has led to the exponential rise in the mortality and morbidity scales in the past five years. there are various natural and synthetic chemical agents available commercially as potent larvicides, but they are either highly toxic, difficult to obtain, have a high manufacturing cost, or show cross-resistance, hence do not suffice as ideal larvicides. the objective was to screen aqueous extracts of bougainvillea spectabilis (b. spectabilis), saraca as ...201931388235
ovicidal lectins from moringa oleifera and myracrodruon urundeuva cause alterations in chorionic surface and penetrate the embryos of aedes aegypti eggs.lectins from moringa oleifera seeds (wsmol), myracrodruon urundeuva bark (mubl), and heartwood (muhl) are larvicidal agents against aedes aegypti; in addition, wsmol is an ovicidal agent against this mosquito. in this work, we evaluated the ovicidal activity of mubl and muhl by determining the concentrations that reduce the hatching rates by 50% in 72 h (ec50 ). the effects of wsmol, mubl, and muhl on the ultrastructure of the eggs' surface were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (sem). in ...201931386279
genetic characterization of chikungunya virus in field-caught aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected during the recent outbreaks in 2019, thailand.chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the genus alphavirus. the virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected female aedes mosquitoes, primarily aedes aegypti. chikv infection is spreading worldwide, and it periodically sparks new outbreaks. there are no specific drugs or effective vaccines against chikv. the interruption of pathogen transmission by mosquito control provides the only effective approach to the control of chikv infection. many studies have shown ...201931382507
human urban arboviruses can infect wild animals and jump to sylvatic maintenance cycles in south america.the present study shows that the most prominent human arboviruses worldwide (dengue viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4, chikungunya virus, and zika virus) can infect wild animals and transfer from urban to sylvatic maintenance cycles in south america, as did the yellow fever virus (yfv) in the past. all these viruses are transmitted by the anthropophilic mosquito aedes aegypti and cause epidemics throughout brazil. the yfv is the oldest example of an urban arbovirus that became sylvatic in south america. cu ...201931380302
identification of a new type of haematopoietic progenitor kinase-interacting protein (hip-55) in aedes aegypti mosquito haemocytes and its involvement in immunity-like functions in mosquito: a molecular study.in this study, we characterize the hip-55 protein in the mosquito aedes aegypti for the first time. hip-55 is a 55-kda hpk1-interacting protein that is also called sh3p7. hip-55 constitutively binds hpk1 'via' an hpk1 proline-rich motif 2(pr2) through its c-terminal sh3 domain. hip-55 critically interacts with zap-70, and this interaction was induced by tcr signalling. zap-70 phosphorylated hip-55 at tyr-334 and tyr-344 in vitro and in vivo. in our previous findings, aazap gene expression strong ...201931377908
clti, a kunitz trypsin inhibitor purified from cassia leiandra benth. seeds, exerts a candidicidal effect on candida albicans by inducing oxidative stress and necrosis.cassia leiandra is an amazonian plant species that is used popularly for the treatment of mycoses. recently, a protease inhibitor, named clti, with insecticidal activity against aedes aegypti, was purified from the mature seeds of c. leiandra. in this work, we show that clti has antifungal activity against candida species and describe its mode of action towards candida albicans. this study is relevant because the nosocomial infections caused by candida species are a global public health problem ...201931376361
aedes aegypti males as vehicles for insecticide delivery.aedes aegypti continues to spread globally and remains a challenge to control, in part due to its 'cryptic behavior' in that it often deposits eggs (oviposits) in larval habitats that are difficult to find and treat using traditional methods. auto-dissemination strategies target these cryptic breeding sites by employing mosquitoes to deliver lethal doses of insecticide. this report describes the initial field trials of an application known as autodissemination augmented by males (adam), utilizin ...201931374806
dengue cases in colombia: mathematical forecasts for 2018-2022.introduction dengue is a disease caused by any one of five virus serotypes and transmitted to humans by the aedes aegypti mosquito. climate change and health conditions have combined to make dengue a global public health problem. the situation is especially serious in colombia, where by week 36 of 2018, dengue incidence was 96 cases per 100,000 population, with a total of 111 deaths. different mathematical and statistical models have been proposed to understand the dynamics of transmission and c ...201931373583
precopulatory acoustic interactions of the new world malaria vector anopheles albimanus (diptera: culicidae).anopheles albimanus is a malaria vector in central america, northern south america and the caribbean. although a public health threat, an. albimanus precopulatory mating behaviors are unknown. acoustics play important roles in mosquito communication, where flight tones allow males to detect and attract potential mates. the importance of sound in precopulatory interactions has been demonstrated in toxorhynchites brevipalpis, aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles gambiae; convergence ...201931370863
experimental assessment of zika virus mechanical transmission by aedes aegypti.the pandemic emergence of several mosquito-borne viruses highlights the need to understand the different ways in which they can be transmitted by vectors to human hosts. in this study, we evaluated the propensity of aedes aegypti to transmit mechanically zika virus (zikv) using an experimental design. mosquitoes were allowed to feed on zikv-infected blood and were then rapidly transferred to feed on zikv-free blood until they finished their meal. the uninfected blood meals, the mosquito abdomens ...201931370135
infection and transmission of cache valley virus by aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti mosquitoes.cache valley virus (cvv; bunyavirales, peribunyaviridae) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus endemic in north america. although severe diseases are mainly observed in pregnant ruminants, cvv has also been recognized as a zoonotic pathogen that can cause fatal encephalitis in humans. human exposures to cvv and its related subtypes occur frequently under different ecological conditions in the new world; however, neurotropic disease is rarely reported. high prevalence rates of neutralizing antibodies hav ...201931366369
larvicidal activity of essential oil from vitex negundo and vitex trifolia on dengue vector mosquito aedes aegypti.the ability of vitex trifolia and vitex negundo essential oils to kill aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae was evaluated.201931365621
spatial diffusion of the 2015-2016 zika, dengue and chikungunya epidemics in rio de janeiro municipality, brazil.different countries, especially brazil, that have faced recurrent dengue epidemics for decades and chikungunya epidemics since 2014, have had to restructure their health services to combat a triple epidemic of arboviruses - zika, dengue and chikungunya - transmitted by the same vector, mainly aedes aegypti, in 2015-2016. several efforts have been made to better understand these three arboviruses. spatial analysis plays an important role in the knowledge of disease dynamics. the knowledge of the ...201931364556
no evidence of zika, dengue, or chikungunya virus infection in field-caught mosquitoes from the recife metropolitan region, brazil, 2015.background: the recife metropolitan region (rmr), north-eastern brazil, was the epicentre of the 2015 zika virus (zikv) epidemic, which was followed by a 2016 chikungunya virus (chikv) epidemic. it historically has amongst the highest incidence of dengue virus (denv) infections and is the only remaining focus of lymphatic filariasis (lf) in brazil. in early 2015, a molecular xenomonitoring surveillance project focused on culex (cx.) quinquefasciatus commenced to inform lf elimination activities. ...201931363498
the ecological and epidemiological consequences of reproductive interference between the vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.vector ecology is integral to understanding the transmission of vector-borne diseases, with processes such as reproduction and competition pivotal in determining vector presence and abundance. the arbovirus vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus compete as larvae, but this mechanism is insufficient to explain patterns of coexistence and exclusion. inviable interspecies matings-known as reproductive interference-is another candidate mechanism. here, we analyse mathematical models of mosquito ...201931362626
the challenge of invasive mosquito vectors in the u.k. during 2016-2018: a summary of the surveillance and control of aedes albopictus.mosquito-borne diseases resulting from the expansion of two key vectors, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae), continue to challenge whole regions and continents around the globe. in recent years there have been human cases of disease associated with chikungunya, dengue and zika viruses. in europe, the expansion of ae. albopictus has resulted in local transmission of chikungunya and dengue viruses. this paper considers the risk that ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus represent for ...201931361038
comparative evaluation of an improved test method for bioefficacy of insecticidal fabrics against dengue and malaria vectors.insecticidal fabrics are important personal protective measures against mosquitoes, ticks and other disease vectors. in the absence of internationally accepted guidelines, bioefficacy tests have been carried out using continuous exposure and three minutes exposure bioassay methods. recently, we have reported an improved method for bioefficacy testing of insecticidal fabrics, which involves continuous exposure of mosquitoes to the test fabrics. the present paper reports the comparative evaluation ...201931358045
serological data shows low levels of chikungunya exposure in senegalese nomadic pastoralists.the chikungunya virus (chikv) is spread by aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitos worldwide; infection can lead to disease including joint pain, fever, and rash, with some convalescent persons experiencing chronic symptoms. historically, chikv transmission has occurred in africa and asia, but recent outbreaks have taken place in europe, indonesia, and the americas. from september to october 2014, a survey was undertaken with nomadic pastoralists residing in the northeast departments of seneg ...201931357631
larvicidal and enzymatic inhibition effects of annona muricata seed extract and main constituent annonacin against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae).the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are vectors of arboviruses that cause dengue, zika and chikungunya. bioactive compounds from plants are environmentally sustainable alternatives to control these vectors and thus the arboviruses transmitted by them. the present study evaluated the larvicidal activity of an acetogenin-rich fraction (acerf) and its main constituent annonacin obtained from annona muricata seeds on ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus. the larvicidal assays were performed ...201931357557
mosquito-borne viruses and insect-specific viruses revealed in field-collected mosquitoes by a monitoring tool adapted from a microbial detection array.several mosquito-borne diseases affecting humans are emerging or reemerging in the united states. the early detection of pathogens in mosquito populations is essential to prevent and control the spread of these diseases. in this study, we tested the potential applicability of the lawrence livermore microbial detection array (llmda) to enhance biosurveillance by detecting microbes present in aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and culex mosquitoes, which are major vector species globally, including ...201931350319
in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of selenium nanoparticles with significant larvicidal and bacteriostatic properties.in the present study, we investigated the larvicidal and bacteriostatic activity of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles using aqueous berry extract of murraya koenigii (mk-se nps). the synthesized mk-se nps were characterized using uv-visible spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (tem), scanning electron microscopy (sem) and energy dispersive x-ray (edx) analysis. xrd analysis revealed the crystalline nature of m ...201931349432
odorant inhibition in mosquito olfaction.how chemical signals are integrated at the peripheral sensory system of insects is still an enigma. here we show that when coexpressed with orco in xenopus oocytes, an odorant receptor from the southern house mosquito, cquior32, generated inward (regular) currents when challenged with cyclohexanone and methyl salicylate, whereas eucalyptol and fenchone elicited inhibitory (upward) currents. responses of cquior32-cquiorco-expressing oocytes to odorants were reduced in a dose-dependent fashion by ...201931349189
effect of chlorine and temperature on larvicidal activity of cuban bacillus thuringiensis isolates.the efficacy of biolarvicides may be influenced by species of mosquito, larval age and density, temperature, water quality, bacterial formulation, and others. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of temperature and chlorine on larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis cuban isolates against aedes aegypti.201931346534
monitoring indole alkaloid production by penicillium digitatum during infection process in citrus by mass spectrometry imaging and molecular networking.green mold, caused by penicillium digitatum, is the most destructive post-harvest disease in citrus. secondary metabolites produced by fungal phytopathogens have been associated with toxicity to their respective host through the interaction with a wide range of cell targets. natural products have also been described as important molecules for biocontrol and competition in their respective environment. for p. digitatum, the production of indole alkaloids, tryptoquialanines a and b, have been repo ...201931345413
revisiting alkali metals as a tool to characterize patterns of mosquito dispersal and oviposition.mark-recapture methods constitute a set of classical ecological tools that are used to collect information on species dispersal and population size. these methods have advanced knowledge in disparate scientific fields, from conservation biology to pest control. gathering information on the dispersal of mosquito species, such as aedes aegypti, has become critical since the recognition of their role as vectors of pathogens. here, we evaluate a method to mark mosquitoes that exploits the rare alkal ...201931344901
autocidal gravid ovitraps protect humans from chikungunya virus infection by reducing aedes aegypti mosquito populations.public health responses to outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya, and zika virus have been stymied by the inability to control the primary vector, aedes aegypti mosquitos. consequently, the need for novel approaches to aedes vector control is urgent. placement of three autocidal gravid ovitraps (ago traps) in ~85% of homes in a community was previously shown to sustainably reduce the density of female ae. aegypti by >80%. following the introduction of chikungunya virus (chikv) to puerto rico, we cond ...201931344040
detection of wolbachia in field-collected aedes aegypti mosquitoes in metropolitan manila, philippines.recent reports reveal the presence of wolbachia in ae. aegypti. our study presents additional support for wolbachia infection in ae. aegypti by screening field-collected adult mosquitoes using two wolbachia-specific molecular makers.201931340862
corrigendum to: "screening aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) populations from pernambuco, brazil for resistance to temephos, diflubenzuron, and cypermethrin and characterization of potential resistance mechanisms". 201931340382
correlation between cephalic circumference at birth and ocular alterations in patients with microcephaly potentially associated with zika virus infection.the zika virus (zikv) is an arbovirus isolated for the first time in 1947 and transmitted to humans by the aedes aegypti mosquito. in brasil, it was first detected in may 2015. since then, zikv has been identified as the etiological agent of acute exanthematous disease in brasil, and neuropediatricians of the recife warned about an epidemic of microcephaly, and the brazilian ministry of health confirmed the association between zikv and congenital malformations and neurological syndromes. the eye ...201931340324
efficacy of heterorhabdits indica lpp35 against aedes aegypti in domiciliary oviposition sites.entomopathogenic nematodes have been evaluated for control of mosquito species for decades. depending on the nematode and mosquito involved, mortality rates of larvae (l) may reach 100% in vitro. nonetheless, nematode efficacy at oviposition sites has rarely been assessed. heterorhabditis indica lpp35 has been shown to kill over 75% of aedes aegypti l3/l4 in cups and bottles outdoors. to assess its efficacy in indoor oviposition sites, different types/sizes of floor drains and pot saucers, and 6 ...201931339672
ctlga9 interacts with alp1 and apn receptors to modulate cry11aa toxicity in aedes aegypti.the mosquito aedes aegypti is associated with the spread of many viral diseases in humans, including dengue virus (denvs), yellow fever virus (yfv), zika virus (zikv), and chikungunya virus (chikv). bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is widely used as a biopesticide, which produces cry toxins for mosquito control. the cry toxins bind mainly to important receptors, including alkaline phosphatase (alp) and aminopeptidase-n (apn). this work investigated the function of a c-type lectin, ctlga9, in a. aegyp ...201931339308
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