| trade-off between constitutive and inducible resistance against herbivores is only partially explained by gene expression and glucosinolate production. | the hypothesis that constitutive and inducible plant resistance against herbivores should trade-off because they use the same resources and impose costs to plant fitness has been postulated for a long time. negative correlations between modes of deployment of resistance and defences have been observed across and within species in common garden experiments. it was therefore tested whether that pattern of resistance across genotypes follows a similar variation in patterns of gene expression and ch ... | 2015 | 25716695 |
| bioactive polychlorinated bibenzyls from the liverwort riccardia polyclada. | gc-ms and (1)h nmr spectroscopic profiling of a cdcl 3 extract of the liverwort riccardia polyclada (syn. r. umbrosa) revealed the presence of four main compounds bearing several chlorine atoms on a bibenzyl skeleton. separation of a ch 2cl 2 extract was achieved using preparative tlc, and structures 1- 4 were proposed on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. compounds 1- 4 were active in a brine shrimp lethality bioassay ( artemia salina). in addition, 2 and 4 displayed moderate antifeedant acti ... | 2007 | 18020419 |
| varied response of spodoptera littoralis against arabidopsis thaliana with metabolically engineered glucosinolate profiles. | upon herbivory glucosinolates are known to be degraded into a cascade of secondary products that can be detrimental for certain herbivores. we performed herbivory bioassays using first and second instar generalist lepidoptera larvae spodoptera littoralis on arabidopsis thaliana engineered to overexpress novel glucosinolates. a differential response in larval feeding patterns was observed on the plants engineered with novel glucosinolates. larvae fed on plants overexpressing 4-hydroxybenzyl gluco ... | 2012 | 21835629 |
| neomycin inhibition of (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine accumulation and signaling. | the majority of plant defenses against insect herbivores are coordinated by jasmonate (jasmonic acid, ja; (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine, ja-ile)-dependent signaling cascades. insect feeding and mimicking herbivory by application of oral secretions (os) from the insect induced both cytosolic ca(2+) and jasmonate-phytohormone elevation in plants. here it is shown that in arabidopsis thaliana upon treatment with os from lepidopteran spodoptera littoralis larvae, the antibiotic neomycin selective ... | 2014 | 24859518 |
| insect eggs suppress plant defence against chewing herbivores. | plants activate direct and indirect defences in response to insect egg deposition. however, whether eggs can manipulate plant defence is unknown. in arabidopsis thaliana, oviposition by the butterfly pieris brassicae triggers cellular and molecular changes that are similar to the changes caused by biotrophic pathogens. in the present study, we found that the plant defence signal salicylic acid (sa) accumulates at the site of oviposition. this is unexpected, as the sa pathway controls defence aga ... | 2010 | 20230509 |
| quantitative analysis of herbivore-induced cytosolic calcium by using a cameleon (yc 3.6) calcium sensor in arabidopsis thaliana. | ca(2+) is a key player in plant cell responses to biotic and abiotic stress. owing to the central role of cytosolic ca(2+) ([ca(2+)]cyt) during early signaling and the need for precise determination of [ca(2+)]cyt variations, we used a cameleon yc 3.6 reporter protein expressed in arabidopsis thaliana to quantify [ca(2+)]cyt variations upon leaf mechanical damage (md), herbivory by 3rd and 5th instar larvae of spodoptera littoralis and s. littoralis oral secretions (os) applied to md. yc 3.6 all ... | 2014 | 24331428 |
| emamectin, a novel insecticide for controlling field crop pests. | emamectin is a macrocyclic lactone insecticide with low toxicity to non-target organisms and the environment, and is considered an important component in pest-management programmes for controlling field crop pests. it is a powerful compound for controlling the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera (hübner). a spray concentration of 25 mg ai litre-1 in a cotton field resulted in over 90% suppression of h armigera larvae up to day 28 after treatment, while similar mortality of the egyptian cotton l ... | 2002 | 12449526 |
| global and local modulatory supply to the mushroom bodies of the moth spodoptera littoralis. | the moth spodoptera littoralis, is a major pest of agriculture whose olfactory system is tuned to odorants emitted by host plants and conspecifics. as in other insects, the paired mushroom bodies are thought to play pivotal roles in behaviors that are elicited by contextual and multisensory signals, amongst which those of specific odors dominate. compared with species that have elaborate behavioral repertoires, such as the honey bee apis mellifera or the cockroach periplaneta americana, the mush ... | 2008 | 18406668 |
| evidence for gaba-induced systemic gaba accumulation in arabidopsis upon wounding. | the non-proteinogenic amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) is present in all plant species analyzed so far. its synthesis is stimulated by either acidic conditions occurring after tissue disruption or higher cytosolic calcium level. in mammals, gaba acts as inhibitory neurotransmitter but its function in plants is still not well understood. besides its involvement in abiotic stress resistance, gaba has a role in the jasmonate-independent defense against invertebrate pests. while the biochemical ... | 2017 | 28382046 |
| paired hierarchical organization of 13-lipoxygenases in arabidopsis. | embryophyte genomes typically encode multiple 13-lipoxygenases (13-loxs) that initiate the synthesis of wound-inducible mediators called jasmonates. little is known about how the activities of these different lox genes are coordinated. we found that the four 13-lox genes in arabidopsis thaliana have different basal expression patterns. lox2 expression was strong in soft aerial tissues, but was excluded both within and proximal to maturing veins. lox3 was expressed most strongly in circumfasicula ... | 2016 | 27135236 |
| phosphate deficiency induces the jasmonate pathway and enhances resistance to insect herbivory. | during their life cycle, plants are typically confronted by simultaneous biotic and abiotic stresses. low inorganic phosphate (pi) is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies limiting plant growth in natural and agricultural ecosystems, while insect herbivory accounts for major losses in plant productivity and impacts ecological and evolutionary changes in plant populations. here, we report that plants experiencing pi deficiency induce the jasmonic acid (ja) pathway and enhance their defense ... | 2016 | 27016448 |
| a porin-like protein from oral secretions of spodoptera littoralis larvae induces defense-related early events in plant leaves. | insect herbivory on plants is a complex incident consisting of at least two different aspects, namely mechanical damage and chemical challenge, as feeding insects introduce oral secretions (os) into the wounded tissue of the attacked plant. mechanical wounding alone is sufficient to induce a set of defense-related reactions in host plants, but some early events such as membrane potential (vm) changes and cytosolic ca²⁺-elevations can be triggered only by herbivores suggesting that os-derived mol ... | 2013 | 23845235 |
| ml3: a novel regulator of herbivory-induced responses in arabidopsis thaliana. | ml (md2-related lipid recognition) proteins are known to enhance innate immune responses in mammals. this study reports the analysis of the putative ml gene family in arabidopsis thaliana and suggests a role for the ml3 gene in herbivory-associated responses in plants. feeding by larvae of the lepidopteran generalist herbivore spodoptera littoralis and larvae of the specialist herbivore plutella xylostella activated ml3 transcription in leaf tissues. ml3 loss-of-function arabidopsis plants were ... | 2013 | 23314818 |
| non-photochemical quenching capacity in arabidopsis thaliana affects herbivore behaviour. | under natural conditions, plants have to cope with numerous stresses, including light-stress and herbivory. this raises intriguing questions regarding possible trade-offs between stress defences and growth. as part of a program designed to address these questions we have compared herbivory defences and damage in wild type arabidopsis thaliana and two "photoprotection genotypes", npq4 and oepsbs, which respectively lack and overexpress psbs (a protein that plays a key role in qe-type non-photoche ... | 2013 | 23301046 |
| herbivore-triggered electrophysiological reactions: candidates for systemic signals in higher plants and the challenge of their identification. | in stressed plants, electrophysiological reactions (elrs) are presumed to contribute to long-distance intercellular communication between distant plant parts. because of the focus on abiotic stress-induced elrs in recent decades, biotic stress-triggered elrs have been widely ignored. it is likely that the challenge to identify the particular elr types (action potential [ap], variation potential, and system potential [sp]) was responsible for this course of action. thus, this survey focused on in ... | 2016 | 26872949 |
| transcriptome analysis of intraspecific competition in arabidopsis thaliana reveals organ-specific signatures related to nutrient acquisition and general stress response pathways. | plants are sessile and therefore have to perceive and adjust to changes in their environment. the presence of neighbours leads to a competitive situation where resources and space will be limited. complex adaptive responses to such situation are poorly understood at the molecular level. | 2012 | 23194435 |
| altered glucosinolate hydrolysis in genetically engineered arabidopsis thaliana and its influence on the larval development of spodoptera littoralis. | the antiherbivore potential of the glucosinolate-myrosinase defense system found in plants of the order capparales is heavily influenced by the types of hydrolysis products (e.g. isothiocyanates, nitriles) formed from the parent glucosinolates upon plant damage. however, comparison of the effects of glucosinolate hydrolysis products on insect herbivores has been hampered by the lack of suitable experimental tools for rigorous bioassays, such as intact plants differing only in the types of hydrol ... | 2006 | 17061170 |
| dof transcription factor atdof1.1 (obp2) is part of a regulatory network controlling glucosinolate biosynthesis in arabidopsis. | glucosinolates are a group of secondary metabolites that function as defense substances against herbivores and micro-organisms in the plant order capparales. indole glucosinolates (igs), derivatives of tryptophan, may also influence plant growth and development. in arabidopsis thaliana, indole-3-acetaldoxime (iaox) produced from tryptophan by the activity of two cytochrome p450 enzymes, cyp79b2 and cyp79b3, serves as a precursor for igs biosynthesis but is also an intermediate in the biosyntheti ... | 2006 | 16740150 |
| evidence for regulation of resistance in arabidopsis to egyptian cotton worm by salicylic and jasmonic acid signaling pathways. | signaling cross-talk between wound- and pathogen-response pathways influences resistance of plants to insects and disease. to elucidate potential interactions between salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja) defense pathways, we exploited the availability of characterized mutants of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. and monitored resistance to egyptian cotton worm (spodoptera littoralis boisd.; lepidoptera: noctuidae). this generalist herbivore is sensitive to induced plant defense pathways and ... | 2002 | 11925049 |
| metabolism of glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates to glutathione conjugates in generalist lepidopteran herbivores. | the defensive properties of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system in plants of the order brassicales have been attributed to the formation of toxic isothiocyanates generated upon tissue damage. lepidopteran herbivores specialised on brassicaceous plants have been shown to possess biochemical mechanisms preventing the formation of isothiocyanates. yet, no such mechanisms are known for generalist lepidopterans which also occasionally but successfully feed on plants of the brassicales. after feeding ... | 2012 | 22193392 |
| is palatability of a root-hemiparasitic plant influenced by its host species? | palatability of parasitic plants may be influenced by their host species, because the parasites take up nutrients and secondary compounds from the hosts. if parasitic plants acquired the full spectrum of secondary compounds from their host, one would expect a correlation between host and parasite palatability. we examined the palatability of leaves of the root-hemiparasite melampyrum arvense grown with different host plants and the palatability of these host plants for two generalist herbivores, ... | 2005 | 16028093 |
| novaluron (rimon), a novel igr: potency and cross-resistance. | the potency of novaluron on laboratory susceptible and field strains of s. littoralis resembles that of chlorfluazuron and both compounds are about 20-fold more potent than teflubenzuron. no appreciable resistance to novaluron or chlorfluazuron was observed in a field strain of spodoptera littoralis collected from cucumber field in the central part of israel. on the other hand, the field strain showed a mild resistance of about 4-fold to teflubenzuron as compared to the laboratory susceptible st ... | 2003 | 14635177 |
| biorational agents--mechanism and importance in ipm and irm programs for controlling agricultural pests. | among the new approaches for controlling agricultural pests is the development of novel compounds affecting specific processes in insects such as chitin synthesis inhibitors, juvenile hormone mimics and ecdysone agonists. in addition, efforts have been made to develop compounds acting selectively on groups of insects by inhibiting or enhancing biochemical sites such as respiration (diafenthiuron), the nicotinyl acetylcholine receptors (imidacloprid and acetamiprid), the gaba receptors (avermecti ... | 2001 | 12425057 |
| insect detoxifying enzymes: their importance in pesticide synergism and resistance. | pyrethroid esterases of trichoplusia ni, spodoptera littoralis and bemisia tabaci hydrolyze the trans-isomers of various pyrethroids more extensively than the cis-isomers. profenofos fed to t. ni larvae at a level inhibiting the gut pyrethroid esterases by 65% with trans-permethrin and of 95% with cis-cypermethrin increased the toxicity of topically applied trans-permethrin by fourfold and cis-cypermethrin by 20-fold. similar assays with s. littoralis resulted in an increase of about threefold i ... | 1993 | 8431600 |
| toxicity of allyl esters in insect cell lines and in spodoptera littoralis larvae. | we investigated the effects of five allyl esters, two aromatic (allyl cinnamate and allyl 2-furoate) and three aliphatic (allyl hexanoate, allyl heptanoate, and allyl octanoate) in established insect cell lines derived from different species and tissues. we studied embryonic cells of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster (s2) (diptera) and the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (se4) (lepidoptera), fat body cells of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (cpb) (coleoptera), ovarian ce ... | 2012 | 23589218 |
| expression of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide and its receptor (pbanr) mrna in adult female spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the full-length cdna of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor (pbanr) was cloned from the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae); it included an open reading frame of 1,053 bp encoding 350 amino acids. the pbanr of s. exigua (sepbanr) was structurally characteristic of g protein-coupled receptor and its amino acid sequence shared 98% identity with the pbanr of spodoptera littoralis. both pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pban) and pbanr ... | 2010 | 20665850 |
| the inhibition of phenolic biosynthesis in damaged and undamaged birch foliage and its effect on insect herbivores. | 1. the leaves of betula pendula roth trees were damaged artificially, or by insect-grazing. both induced an increase in phenolic levels in damaged leaves, larger in the case of insect attack.-2. some of the damaged trees were sprayed with an inhibitor of phenolic biosynthesis, (aminoxy) acetic acid, which led to a reduction in phenolic levels in both undamaged and damaged leaves. hence both the effects of damage per se and damage-induced changes in foliage phenolic levels on insect feeding prefe ... | 1988 | 28312381 |
| titres of juvenile hormone i, ii and iii in spodoptera littoralis (noctuidae) from the egg to the pupal moult and their modification by the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus inanitus (braconidae). | physico-chemical analysis of juvenile hormones (jhs) of spodoptera littoralis revealed highest quantities in the second half of embryonic development and in newly hatched 1st instar larvae. at these stages, mostly jh ii, jh i and little jh iii were found, while in later stages only jh ii and jh iii were found. titres fluctuated in a similar manner in all larval instars, being lowest during the moults. in last (=6th) instar larvae, jhs disappeared in the late feeding-digging stage and again incre ... | 1999 | 12770366 |
| wound-induced changes in the palatability of betula pubescens and b. pendula. | leaves of betula were damaged artificially in april, june and august 1982. palatability of damaged and adjacent undamaged leaves was assessed against controls in bioassays using the polyphagous lepidoptera spodoptera littoralis and orgyia antiqua. assessments were carried out at intervals from six hours to five months following each damage date. palatability (relative proportions of leaves consumed) was significantly lower than controls in damaged and adjacent leaves after six hours and remained ... | 1984 | 28311065 |
| antifeeding properties of myosuppressin in a generalist phytophagous leafworm, spodoptera littoralis (boisduval). | insect myosuppressins are a family of peptides with a characteristic hv/sflrfamide carboxy terminus. they are expressed in brain, neurohemal organs, stomatogastric nervous system, and in midgut endocrine cells. from a functional point of view, myosuppressins inhibit contractions of different visceral muscles, stimulate certain skeletal muscles and activate enzyme secretion from the gut. moreover, in the omnivorous cockroach blattella germanica, myosuppressin inhibits food intake. based on these ... | 2008 | 18374428 |
| effects of feeding spodoptera littoralis on lima bean leaves: iv. diurnal and nocturnal damage differentially initiate plant volatile emission. | continuous mechanical damage initiates the rhythmic emission of volatiles in lima bean (phaseolus lunatus) leaves; the emission resembles that induced by herbivore damage. the effect of diurnal versus nocturnal damage on the initiation of plant defense responses was investigated using mecworm, a robotic device designed to reproduce tissue damage caused by herbivore attack. lima bean leaves that were damaged by mecworm during the photophase emitted maximal levels of beta-ocimene and (z)-3-hexenyl ... | 2008 | 18165324 |
| ace inhibitory activity in enzymatic hydrolysates of insect protein. | in this paper, ace inhibitory activity in insect protein hydrolyzed by various enzymes (gastrointestinal proteases, alcalase, and thermolysin) is reported for the first time. four insects of different insect orders were tested: spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera), bombyx mori (lepidoptera), schistocerca gregaria (orthoptera), and bombus terrestris (hymenoptera). ace inhibitory activity was measured by two different methods: a spectrophotometric method using fapgg (2-furanacryloyl-phenylalanyl-gl ... | 2005 | 15969498 |
| the green gut: chlorophyll degradation in the gut of spodoptera littoralis. | chlorophylls, the most prominent natural pigments, are part of the daily diet of herbivorous insects. the spectrum of ingested and digested chlorophyll metabolites compares well to the pattern of early chlorophyll-degradation products in senescent plants. intact chlorophyll is rapidly degraded by proteins in the front- and midgut. unlike plants, insects convert both chlorophyll a and b into the corresponding catabolites. maldi-tof/ms imaging allowed monitoring the distribution of the chlorophyll ... | 2015 | 26467450 |
| signaling pathways controlling induced resistance to insect herbivores in arabidopsis. | insect attack triggers changes in transcript level in plants that are mediated predominantly by jasmonic acid (ja). the implication of ethylene (et), salicylic acid (sa), and other signals in this response is less understood and was monitored with a microarray containing insect- and defense-regulated genes. arabidopsis thaliana mutants coi1-1, ein2-1, and sid2-1 impaired in ja, et, and sa signaling pathways were challenged with the specialist small cabbage white (pieris rapae) and the generalist ... | 2007 | 17977152 |
| molecular evolution of the odorant and gustatory receptor genes in lepidopteran insects: implications for their adaptation and speciation. | lepidoptera (comprised of butterflies and moths) is one of the largest groups of insects, including more than 160,000 described species. chemoreception plays important roles in the adaptation of these species to a wide range of niches, e.g., plant hosts, egg-laying sites, and mates. this study investigated the molecular evolution of the lepidopteran odorant (or) and gustatory receptor (gr) genes using recently identified genes from bombyx mori, danaus plexippus, heliconius melpomene, plutella xy ... | 2014 | 25038840 |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme in spodoptera littoralis: molecular characterization, expression and activity profile during development. | the characterization of the full-length angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) cdna sequence of the lepidopteran spodoptera littoralis is reported in this study. the predicted open reading frame encodes a 647 amino acids long protein (slace) and shows 63.6% identity with the bombyx mori ace sequence. a 3d-model, consisting of 26 alpha-helices and three beta-sheets, was predicted for the sequence. slace expression was studied in the embryonic, larval and pupal stages of s. littoralis and in differen ... | 2008 | 18207078 |
| the role of abscisic acid and water stress in root herbivore-induced leaf resistance. | • herbivore-induced systemic resistance occurs in many plants and is commonly assumed to be adaptive. the mechanisms triggered by leaf-herbivores that lead to systemic resistance are largely understood, but it remains unknown how and why root herbivory also increases resistance in leaves. • to resolve this, we investigated the mechanism by which the root herbivore diabrotica virgifera induces resistance against lepidopteran herbivores in the leaves of zea mays. • diabrotica virgifera infested pl ... | 2011 | 20840610 |
| herbivory and floral signaling: phenotypic plasticity and tradeoffs between reproduction and indirect defense. | plant defense against herbivores may compromise attraction of mutualists, yet information remains limited about the mechanisms underlying such signaling tradeoffs. here, we investigated the effects of foliar herbivory by two herbivore species on defense compounds, floral signaling, pollinator and parasitoid attraction, and seed production. herbivory generally reduced the quantity of many floral volatile organic compounds vocs) in brassica rapa. by contrast, floral color, flower diameter, and pla ... | 2014 | 24684288 |
| antifeedant and toxic activity of some plant extracts against larvae of cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the biological activity of crude petroleum ether extracts of oshar (calotropis procera); harmal (rhazya stricta) and hargal (solenostemma argel) were assessed using the 4th larval instar of cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis (boisd.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). all extracts exhibited a significant antifeedant activity at the lc50 levels. harmal extract deterred feeding potential of insect larvae by 52.96% but decreased to 26.76 and 18.00% for hargal and oshar, respectively. in nutritional assay ... | 2007 | 19093513 |
| less is more: treatment with bth and laminarin reduces herbivore-induced volatile emissions in maize but increases parasitoid attraction. | chemical plant strengtheners find increasing use in agriculture to enhance resistance against pathogens. in an earlier study, it was found that treatment with one such resistance elicitor, bth (benzo-(1, 2, 3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid s-methyl ester), increases the attractiveness of maize plants to a parasitic wasp. this surprising additional benefit of treating plants with bth prompted us to conduct a series of olfactometer tests to find out if bth and another commercially available plant ... | 2012 | 22456950 |
| antennal electrophysiological responses of three parasitic wasps to caterpillar-induced volatiles from maize (zea mays mays), cotton (gossypium herbaceum), and cowpea (vigna unguiculata). | many parasitic wasps are attracted to volatiles that are released by plants when attacked by potential hosts. the attractiveness of these semiochemicals from damaged plants has been demonstrated in many tritrophic systems, but the physiological mechanisms underlying the insect responses are poorly understood. we recorded the antennal perception by three parasitoids (cotesia marginiventris, microplitis rufiventris, and campoletis sonorensis) to volatiles emitted by maize, cowpea, and cotton plant ... | 2005 | 16124230 |
| venom of the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus inanitus is a complex mixture and has multiple biological effects. | the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus inanitus injects bracoviruses (bvs) and venom along with the egg into the host egg; both components are essential for successful parasitoid development. all stages of eggs of its natural host, spodoptera littoralis, can be successfully parasitized, i.e. from mainly a yolk sphere to a fully developed embryo. here, we show that the venom contains at least 25 proteins with masses from 14kda to over 300kda ranging from acidic to basic. the majority is glycosylated ... | 2010 | 20006617 |
| transcriptional analysis of polydnaviral genes in the course of parasitization reveals segment-specific patterns. | polydnaviruses are symbiotic viruses of endoparasitic wasps, which are formed in their ovary and injected along with the eggs into the host. they manipulate the host in a way to allow successful parasitoid development. a hallmark of polydnaviruses is their segmented genome consisting of several circles of double-stranded dna. we are studying the solitary egg-larval parasitoid chelonus inanitus (braconidae) parasitizing spodoptera littoralis (noctuidae). the polydnavirus of chelonus inanitus (civ ... | 2007 | 17694561 |
| influence of the parasitoid chelonus inanitus and its polydnavirus on host nutritional physiology and implications for parasitoid development. | chelonus inanitus is a solitary egg-larval endoparasitoid, which feeds on host haemolymph during its internal phase. parasitization induces in the host spodoptera littoralis a precocious onset of metamorphosis and a developmental arrest in the prepupal stage. at this stage the parasitoid larva emerges from the host and consumes it. we show here that parasitization and the co-injected polydnaviruses affect the nutritional physiology of the host mainly in the last larval instar. polydnaviruses cau ... | 2005 | 16203013 |
| changes in the haemolymph proteome of spodoptera littoralis induced by the parasitoid chelonus inanitus or its polydnavirus and physiological implications. | the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus inanitus induces in its host spodoptera littoralis two major developmental effects, namely a precocious onset of metamorphosis followed by a developmental arrest in the prepupal stage. along with each egg, the wasp injects polydnavirus and venom into the host egg. the polydnavirus has been shown to play a major role in inducing the developmental arrest while the parasitoid larva is instrumental in inducing the precocious onset of metamorphosis. here we report t ... | 2005 | 15936028 |
| stage-dependent strategies of host invasion in the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus inanitus. | chelonus inanitus (braconidae) is a solitary egg-larval parasitoid which lays its eggs into eggs of spodoptera littoralis (noctuidae); the parasitoid larva then develops in the haemocoel of the host larva. host embryonic development lasts approx. 3.5 days while parasitoid embryonic development lasts approx. 16 h. all stages of host eggs can be successfully parasitized, and we show here that either the parasitoid larva or the wasp assures that the larva eventually is located in the host's haemoco ... | 2005 | 15749111 |
| fate of polydnavirus dna of the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus inanitus in the host spodoptera littoralis. | in situ hybridizations show that 5 min after parasitization, polydnavirus dna is in close vicinity of the parasitoid egg, but 5 h later also in the yolk and partially in the host embryo. fifteen hours after parasitization, the viral dna is seen all over the host embryo and hardly in the yolk. the tissue distribution of the viral dna was analysed and quantified by dot blots in the fifth instar parasitized larvae. on a per host basis, haemocytes and fat body contained the highest amount of viral d ... | 2003 | 12770628 |
| analysis of endoparasitoid-released proteins and their effects on host development in the system chelonus inanitus (braconidae)-spodoptera littoralis (noctuidae). | having shown earlier that the larva of c. inanitus is essential in inducing the precocious onset of metamorphosis in polydnavirus/venom containing s. littoralis, we here analysed release of proteins by parasitoid larvae and their effects on host development. parasitoid larvae released proteins in vivo and in vitro in a stage dependent manner. an approximately 212 kd protein was released from the mid 1st instar onwards and additional smaller proteins could be associated mainly with the 2nd and 3r ... | 1999 | 12770295 |
| characterization of a 212kd protein, released into the host by the larva of the endoparasitoid chelonus inanitus (hymenoptera, braconidae). | previous studies have shown that the larva of chelonus inanitus plays an essential role in inducing the precocious onset of metamorphosis in polydnavirus/venom-containing spodoptera littoralis, and that this effect might be due to proteins released by the parasitoid larva into the host. here we show that a 212kd protein is the predominant protein released in vitro by late first instar parasitoids. this protein does not accumulate anywhere in the parasitoid body. polyclonal antibodies specific fo ... | 2001 | 12770184 |
| physiological and endocrine changes associated with polydnavirus/venom in the parasitoid-host system chelonus inanitus-spodoptera littoralis. | as shown earlier, parasitization by the egg-larval parasitoid c. inanitus causes in its host the precocious onset of metamorphosis in the 5th instar followed by developmental arrest in the prepupal stage. polydnavirus/venom were shown to be responsible for the developmental arrest. we investigated how polydnavirus/venom affect growth of the host larvae and found that head capsule widths were smaller from the 4th to 6th stadium and weights were lower in the 6th stadium in polydnavirus/venom-conta ... | 1998 | 12769965 |
| overview of parasitism associated effects on host haemocytes in larval parasitoids and comparison with effects of the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus inanitus on its host spodoptera littoralis. | in the first part we review the effects of larval endoparasitoids and their polydnavirus and venom on the immune system of their hosts. in all systems investigated, haemocyte spreading and encapsulation activity was reduced; in some cases effects on total (thc) or differential (dhc) haemocyte count as well as modification of haemocyte morphology and ultrastructure were also documented. in many cases polydnavirus (and venom) were shown to play a major role in abrogation of the host's immune react ... | 1998 | 12769877 |
| presence of polydnavirus transcripts in an egg-larval parasitoid and its lepidopterous host. | the parasitoid chelonus inanitus (braconidae, hymenoptera) oviposits into eggs of spodoptera littoralis (noctuidae, lepidoptera) and, along with the egg, also injects polydnaviruses and venom, which are prerequisites for successful parasitoid development. the parasitoid larva develops within the embryonic and larval stages of the host, which enters metamorphosis precociously and arrests development in the prepupal stage. polydnaviruses are responsible for the developmental arrest and interfere w ... | 1999 | 10423155 |
| aboveground insect herbivory increases plant competitive asymmetry, while belowground herbivory mitigates the effect. | insect herbivores can shift the composition of a plant community, but the mechanism underlying such shifts remains largely unexplored. a possibility is that insects alter the competitive symmetry between plant species. the effect of herbivory on competition likely depends on whether the plants are subjected to aboveground or belowground herbivory or both, and also depends on soil nitrogen levels. it is unclear how these biotic and abiotic factors interactively affect competition. in a greenhouse ... | 2016 | 27069805 |
| innate and learned prey-searching behavior in a generalist predator. | early colonization by zyginidia scutellaris leafhoppers might be a key factor in the attraction and settling of generalist predators, such as orius spp., in maize fields. in this paper, we aimed to determine whether our observations of early season increases in field populations of orius spp. reflect a specific attraction to z. scutellaris-induced maize volatiles, and how the responses of orius predators to herbivore-induced volatiles (hipvs) might be affected by previous experiences on plants i ... | 2016 | 27343054 |
| cloning and characterization of the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor gene in spodoptera littoralis larvae. | in noctuid moths cuticular pigmentation is regulated by the pyrokinin/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pk/pban) family, which also mediates a variety of other functions in moths and other insects. numerous studies have shown that these neuropeptides exert their functions through activation of the pban receptor (pban-r), with subsequent ca(2+) influx, followed by either activation of camp or direct activation of downstream kinases. recently, several pban-rs have been identified, al ... | 2007 | 17379458 |
| a physiological and behavioral mechanism for leaf herbivore-induced systemic root resistance. | indirect plant-mediated interactions between herbivores are important drivers of community composition in terrestrial ecosystems. among the most striking examples are the strong indirect interactions between spatially separated leaf- and root-feeding insects sharing a host plant. although leaf feeders generally reduce the performance of root herbivores, little is known about the underlying systemic changes in root physiology and the associated behavioral responses of the root feeders. we investi ... | 2015 | 26430225 |
| ginkgo biloba responds to herbivory by activating early signaling and direct defenses. | ginkgo biloba (ginkgoaceae) is one of the most ancient living seed plants and is regarded as a living fossil. g. biloba has a broad spectrum of resistance or tolerance to many pathogens and herbivores because of the presence of toxic leaf compounds. little is known about early and late events occurring in g. biloba upon herbivory. the aim of this study was to assess whether herbivory by the generalist spodoptera littoralis was able to induce early signaling and direct defense in g. biloba by eva ... | 2012 | 22448229 |
| effects of feeding spodoptera littoralis on lima bean leaves. iii. membrane depolarization and involvement of hydrogen peroxide. | in response to herbivore (spodoptera littoralis) attack, lima bean (phaseolus lunatus) leaves produced hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) in concentrations that were higher when compared to mechanically damaged (md) leaves. cellular and subcellular localization analyses revealed that h(2)o(2) was mainly localized in md and herbivore-wounded (hw) zones and spread throughout the veins and tissues. preferentially, h(2)o(2) was found in cell walls of spongy and mesophyll cells facing intercellular spaces, ... | 2006 | 16443697 |
| effects of feeding spodoptera littoralis on lima bean leaves. i. membrane potentials, intracellular calcium variations, oral secretions, and regurgitate components. | membrane potentials (v(m)) and intracellular calcium variations were studied in lima bean (phaseolus lunatus) leaves when the mediterranean climbing cutworm (spodoptera littoralis) was attacking the plants. in addition to the effect of the feeding insect the impact of several n-acyl glns (volicitin, n-palmitoyl-gln, n-linolenoyl-gln) from the larval oral secretion was studied. the results showed that the early events upon herbivore attack were: a) a strong v(m) depolarization at the bite zone an ... | 2004 | 15051862 |
| temporal and spatial variation in palatability of soybean and cotton leaves following wounding. | leaves of soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) were mechanically damaged with a single hole and offered to spodoptera littoralis boisd (lep., noctuidae) larvae in laboratory bioassays at intervals of between 0 and 7 days from damage. the subsequent within-leaf grazing patterns of damaged and undamaged areas were compared using an image-analysing computer, and estimations were made by eye of percentage, areas grazed at three spatial scales. reduction in palatability ... | 1989 | 28313487 |
| herbivore-induced plant volatiles mediate host selection by a root herbivore. | in response to herbivore attack, plants mobilize chemical defenses and release distinct bouquets of volatiles. aboveground herbivores are known to use changes in leaf volatile patterns to make foraging decisions, but it remains unclear whether belowground herbivores also use volatiles to select suitable host plants. we therefore investigated how above- and belowground infestation affects the performance of the root feeder diabrotica virgifera virgifera, and whether the larvae of this specialized ... | 2012 | 22486361 |
| assessment of species specificity of moulting accelerating compounds in lepidoptera: comparison of activity between bombyx mori and spodoptera littoralis by in vitro reporter and in vivo toxicity assays. | dibenzoylhydrazine analogues have been developed successfully as a new group of insect growth regulators, called ecdysone agonists or moulting accelerating compounds. a notable feature is their high activity against lepidopteran insects, raising the question as to whether species-specific analogues can be isolated. in this study, the specificity of ecdysone agonists was addressed through a comparative analysis in two important lepidopterans, the silkworm bombyx mori l. and the cotton leafworm sp ... | 2010 | 20069627 |
| elevated atmospheric co(2) affects the chemical quality of brassica plants and the growth rate of the specialist, plutella xylostella, but not the generalist, spodoptera littoralis. | cabbage, brassica oleracea subsp. capitata (cv. lennox and rinda), and oilseed rape, brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (cv. valo and tuli), plants were grown under ambient co(2) (360 ppm) or elevated co(2) (720 ppm) at 23/18 degrees c and under a photoperiod of 22/2 h light (250 micromol m(-)(2) s(-)(1))/dark regime for up to 5 weeks. afterward, the performance of the crucifer specialist plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) and the generalist spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae) ... | 2004 | 15212467 |
| cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata) fails to show wound-induced defence against a specialist and a generalist herbivore? | this paper presents tests of a model of wound-induced defence in herbaceous plants. many studies have reported both chemical changes in leaves and changes in the behaviour and/or physiology of herbivores as a result of wounding leaves. these studies and others have led to the development of various models to explain wound-induced effects both in terms of plant response and herbivore behaviour. the model under test was proposed by edwards and wratten (1987) and predicts that wounding a plant will ... | 1996 | 28307740 |
| signal signature of aboveground-induced resistance upon belowground herbivory in maize. | plants activate local and systemic defence mechanisms upon exposure to stress. this innate immune response is partially regulated by plant hormones, and involves the accumulation of defensive metabolites. although local defence reactions to herbivores are well studied, less is known about the impact of root herbivory on shoot defence. here, we examined the effects of belowground infestation by the western corn rootworm diabrotica virgifera virgifera on aboveground resistance in maize. belowgroun ... | 2009 | 19392694 |
| modulation of reproductive behaviors by non-host volatiles in the polyphagous egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. | in order to locate mates, food, and oviposition sites, insects mainly rely on volatile cues released by their sexual partners, food sources, and host and non-host plants. calling, mating, and oviposition behaviors, as well as fecundity and longevity, of newly emerged spodoptera littoralis (bois.) moths were recorded in the presence of volatiles from leaves of a host plant, gossypium hirsutum (cotton) and two non-host plants, adhatoda vasica (av) or picea abies (spruce), either alone or in host/n ... | 2013 | 24105603 |
| a maize (e)-beta-caryophyllene synthase implicated in indirect defense responses against herbivores is not expressed in most american maize varieties. | the sesquiterpene (e)-beta-caryophyllene is emitted by maize (zea mays) leaves in response to attack by lepidopteran larvae like spodoptera littoralis and released from roots after damage by larvae of the coleopteran diabrotica virgifera virgifera. we identified a maize terpene synthase, terpene synthase 23 (tps23), that produces (e)-beta-caryophyllene from farnesyl diphosphate. the expression of tps23 is controlled at the transcript level and induced independently by d. v. virgifera damage in r ... | 2008 | 18296628 |
| simultaneous feeding by aboveground and belowground herbivores attenuates plant-mediated attraction of their respective natural enemies. | herbivore-damaged plants emit volatile organic compounds that attract natural enemies of the herbivores. this form of indirect plant defence occurs aboveground as well as belowground, but it remains unclear how simultaneous feeding by different herbivores attacking leaves and roots may affect the production of the respective defence signals. we employed a setup that combines trapping of volatile organic signals and simultaneous measurements of the attractiveness of these signals to above and bel ... | 2007 | 17845293 |
| antifeedant activity of fatty acid esters and phytosterols from echium wildpretii. | crude extracts and fractions from echium wildpretii h. pearson ex hook. f. subsp. wildpretii (boraginaceae) have been tested against insect species spodoptera littoralis, leptinotarsa decemlineata, and the aphids myzus persicae, diuraphis noxia, metopolophium dirhodum, rhopalosiphum maidis, and rhopalosiphum padi. the etoh extract and the lipid and steroidal fractions of e. wildpretii exhibited significant antifeedant activities against the aphids and l. decemlineata. two bioactive mixtures comp ... | 2012 | 22422524 |
| galnac/gal-binding rhizoctonia solani agglutinin has antiproliferative activity in drosophila melanogaster s2 cells via mapk and jak/stat signaling. | rhizoctonia solani agglutinin, further referred to as rsa, is a lectin isolated from the plant pathogenic fungus rhizoctonia solani. previously, we reported a high entomotoxic activity of rsa towards the cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis. to better understand the mechanism of action of rsa, drosophila melanogaster schneider s2 cells were treated with different concentrations of the lectin and fitc-labeled rsa binding was examined using confocal fluorescence microscopy. rsa has antiproliferat ... | 2012 | 22529896 |
| candidate chemosensory ionotropic receptors in a lepidoptera. | a new family of candidate chemosensory ionotropic receptors (irs) related to ionotropic glutamate receptors (iglurs) was recently discovered in drosophila melanogaster. through blast analyses of an expressed sequenced tag library prepared from male antennae of the noctuid moth spodoptera littoralis, we identified 12 unigenes encoding proteins related to d. melanogaster and bombyx mori irs. their full length sequences were obtained and the analyses of their expression patterns suggest that they w ... | 2011 | 21091811 |
| solid lipid microparticle formulations of the pyrethroid gamma-cyhalothrin-incompatibility of the lipid and the pyrethroid and biological properties of the formulations. | pyrethroids such as gamma-cyhalothrin (gch) are valuable insecticides that possess a high and unwanted toxicity towards aquatic organisms. the aim of the present study was to test the ability of the solid lipid nanoparticle technology to reduce the aquatic toxicity and concurrently retain the insecticidal activity of gch. applying the lipid compritol) 888 ato and homogenising the crude o/w emulsions of melted gch and compritol at different pressures, 150-1500 bar, solid lipid microparticle formu ... | 2003 | 12526821 |
| inhibition of sex pheromone production in female lepidopteran moths by 2-halofatty acids. | inhibition of sex pheromone production has been observed after topical treatment of pheromonal glands with dmso solutions of 2-bromohexadecanoic acid, in three lepidopteran insects: spodoptera littoralis, thaumotopoea pityocampa, and bombyx mori. it has been shown that this effect was brought about by action on the reductases and acetyltransferases of the final steps of the pheromones biosynthesis. other halofatty acids, such as 2-fluoro- and 2-chlorohexadecanoic acids, were less active than the ... | 1997 | 9374121 |
| identification of pban-like peptides in the brain-subesophageal ganglion complex of lepidoptera using western-blotting. | an immunoblotting technique used to visualize pheromone-biosynthesis-activating-neuropeptide (pban)-like peptides in insect tissues is described. this technique involves a tricine-sds-page system and a chemiluminescent revelation of the antigens. using this technique, pban-like immunoreactive peptides were found in the brain-subesophageal ganglion complex of various lepidopteran species, including moths: heliothis zea, mamestra brassicae, spodoptera littoralis, s. latifascia and s. descoinsi (no ... | 1996 | 8882661 |
| insecticidal activity of scorpion toxin (butait) and snowdrop lectin (gna) containing fusion proteins towards pest species of different orders. | the toxicity of a fusion protein, butalt/gna, comprising a venom toxin (butait) derived from the red scorpion, mesobuthus tamulus (f.), and galanthus nivalis agglutinin (gna), was evaluated under laboratory conditions against several pest insects. insecticidal activity was compared with sfi1/gna, a fusion comprising a venom toxin (sfi1) derived from the european spider segestria florentina (rossi) and gna, which has been previously demonstrated to be effective against lepidopteran and hemipteran ... | 2010 | 19728320 |
| morphological and ecological characterization of steinernema feltiae (rhabditida: steinernematidae) rioja strain isolated from bibio hortulanus (diptera: bibionidae) in spain. | a new strain of steinernema feltiae (rhabditida: steinernematidae) was isolated in la rioja (spain) from larvae of bibio hortulanus (diptera: bibionidae). a comparative morphometric analysis of this new strain and four additional s. feltiae isolates was performed. although significant differences in morphometric measurements were observed, pcr-rflp profiles and sequence analysis of the its region of rdna confirmed the identity of the new strain as a2 rflp type of s. feltiae. a comparative morpho ... | 2006 | 19259432 |
| organization of kenyon cells in subdivisions of the mushroom bodies of a lepidopteran insect. | the mushroom bodies are paired structures in the insect brain involved in complex functions such as memory formation, sensory integration, and context recognition. in many insects these centers are elaborate, sometimes comprising several hundred thousand neurons. the present account describes the mushroom bodies of spodoptera littoralis, a moth extensively used for studies of olfactory processing and conditioning. the mushroom bodies of spodoptera consist of only about 4,000 large-diameter kenyo ... | 2005 | 16134139 |
| rna interference of the period gene affects the rhythm of sperm release in moths. | the period (per) gene is 1 of the core elements of the circadian clock mechanism in animals from insects to mammals. in clock cells of drosophila melanogaster, per mrna and per protein oscillate in daily cycles. consistent with the molecular clock model, per moves to cell nuclei and acts as a repressor of positive clock elements. homologs of per are known in many insects; however, specific roles of per in generating output rhythms are not known for most species. the aim of this article was to de ... | 2009 | 19150927 |
| biocidal compounds from mentha sp. essential oils and their structure-activity relationships. | essential oils from greek mentha species showed different chemical compositions for two populations of m. pulegium, characterized by piperitone and pulegone. mentha spicata essential oil was characterized by endocyclic piperitenone epoxide, piperitone epoxide, and carvone. the bioactivities of these essential oils and their components have been tested against insect pests (leptinotarsa decemlineata, spodoptera littoralis and myzus persicae), root-knot nematodes (meloydogine javanica) and plants ... | 2017 | 27770481 |
| molecular identification and characterization of two new lepidoptera chemoreceptors belonging to the drosophila melanogaster or83b family. | in insect antennae, olfaction depends on olfactory receptors (ors) that function through heterodimerization with an unusually highly conserved partner orthologue to the drosophila melanogaster dor83b. here, we report the identification of two cdnas encoding new dor83b orthologues that represent the first members, although nonconventional, of the or families of two noctuid crop pests, the cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis and the cabbage armyworm mamestra brassicae. they both displayed high p ... | 2008 | 18828844 |
| identification of ecdysonoic acid and 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid isolated from developing eggs of schistocerca gregaria and pupae of spodoptera littoralis. | ecdysonoic acid and 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid have been purified from developing eggs of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria, by high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.), and their structures were determined by p.m.r. spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the free and methyl ester derivatives. 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid was also characterized from spodoptera littoralis pupae. the occurrence of both 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid and ecdysonoic acid in sp. littoralis ... | 1983 | 6684422 |
| deep-tissue confocal imaging of the central projections of ovipositor sensory afferents in the egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. | the pre-ovipositon behavior of moths is largely dependent upon the cues that a gravid female perceives while assessing potential oviposition sites. assessment of such sites is accomplished, at least in part, by mechanosensory and gustatory sensilla located on the ovipositor whose sensory neurons project into the terminal abdominal ganglion (tag). using anterograde backfill staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and three dimensional reconstruction, we traced and analyzed the central proje ... | 2016 | 26774745 |
| behavioral and metabolic effects of sublethal doses of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and methomyl, in the egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis (boisduval) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | insecticides have long been used as the main method in limiting agricultural pests, but their widespread use has resulted in environmental pollution, development of resistances, and biodiversity reduction. the effects of insecticides at low residual doses on both the targeted crop pest species and beneficial insects have become a major concern. in particular, these low doses can induce unexpected positive (hormetic) effects on pest insects, such as surges in population growth exceeding what woul ... | 2016 | 26566611 |
| a specialist root herbivore exploits defensive metabolites to locate nutritious tissues. | the most valuable organs of plants are often particularly rich in essential elements, but also very well defended. this creates a dilemma for herbivores that need to maximise energy intake while minimising intoxication. we investigated how the specialist root herbivore diabrotica virgifera solves this conundrum when feeding on wild and cultivated maize plants. we found that crown roots of maize seedlings were vital for plant development and, in accordance, were rich in nutritious primary metabol ... | 2012 | 22070646 |
| belowground aba boosts aboveground production of dimboa and primes induction of chlorogenic acid in maize. | plants are important mediators between above- and belowground herbivores. consequently, interactions between root and shoot defenses can have far-reaching impacts on entire food webs. we recently reported that infestation of maize roots by larvae of the beetle diabrotica virgifera virgifera induced shoot resistance against herbivores and pathogens. root herbivory also enhanced aboveground dimboa and primed for enhanced induction of chlorogenic acid, two secondary metabolites that have been assoc ... | 2009 | 19820311 |
| juvenoids cause some insects to form composite cuticles. | metamorphosing insects treated with juvenoids may secrete composite cuticles which combine morphological features of two metamorphic stages within the area secreted by an individual epidermal cell. characters found combined were pigmentation, tanning, surface sculpturing, and microtrichiae. neighbouring cells frequently form different types of cuticle. composite cuticles should not be confused with the more common mosaic cuticles, which are composed of discrete areas with different stage-specifi ... | 1982 | 7153697 |
| effects of infected insects on secondary invasion of steinernematid entomopathogenic nematodes. | factors affecting 'invasion efficiency' of steinernematid entomopathogenic nematodes into hosts were elucidated. the phenomenon that only part (10-40%) of the nematode population invades the target host has been recorded in many studies. it has been mainly ascribed to differences in the ability of individual nematodes to infect. in the present study the effect of an infected host, the wax moth galleria mellonella, on subsequent infection of the entomopathogenic nematodes steinernema carpocapsae ... | 1997 | 9172429 |
| inhibition kinetics of acid and alkaline phosphatases by atrazine and methomyl pesticides. | the main objective of this work was to investigate the kinetic characteristics of acid and alkaline phosphatases isolated from different sources and to study the effects of the herbicide atrazine and insecticide methomyl on the activity and kinetic properties of the enzymes. acid phosphatase (acp) was isolated from the tomato plant (solanum lycopersicum l. var. lycopersicum); alkaline phosphatase (alp) was isolated from two sources, including mature earthworms (aporrectodea caliginosa) and larva ... | 2015 | 25996812 |
| identification and characterization of a fatty acyl reductase from a spodoptera littoralis female gland involved in pheromone biosynthesis. | fatty acyl-coa reductases (fars), the enzymes that catalyse reduction of a fatty acyl-coa to the corresponding alcohol in insect pheromone biosynthesis, are postulated to play an important role in determining the proportion of each component in the pheromone blend. for the first time, we have isolated and characterized from the egyptian cotton leaf worm spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae) a far cdna (slit-far1), which appeared to be expressed only in the pheromone gland and was undete ... | 2015 | 25558806 |
| quantitative and ultrastructural changes in the haemocytes of spodoptera littoralis (boisd.) treated individually or in combination with spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (splimnpv) and azadirachtin. | the total haemocyte count (thc) and the possible ultrastructural alterations induced in the haemocytes of the fourth larval instars of the egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis (boisd.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), 96 h post-feeding on a semi-synthetic diet, treated with the lc50 of spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (splimnpv) and the lc50 of azadirachtin alone, and the lc25 of splimnpv combined with the lc25 of azadirachtin were studied and compared to the control. s ... | 2014 | 25041832 |
| distribution of neuropeptides in the antennal lobes of male spodoptera littoralis. | olfaction is an important sensory modality that regulates a plethora of behavioural expressions in insects. processing of olfactory information takes place in the primary olfactory centres of the brain, namely the antennal lobes (als). neuropeptides have been shown to be present in the olfactory system of various insect species. in the present study, we analyse the distribution of tachykinin, fmrfamide-related peptides, allatotropin, allatostatin, myoinhibitory peptides and sifamide in the al of ... | 2013 | 23955643 |
| specific response to herbivore-induced de novo synthesized plant volatiles provides reliable information for host plant selection in a moth. | animals depend on reliable sensory information for accurate behavioural decisions. for herbivorous insects it is crucial to find host plants for feeding and reproduction, and these insects must be able to differentiate suitable from unsuitable plants. volatiles are important cues for insect herbivores to assess host plant quality. it has previously been shown that female moths of the egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae), avoid oviposition on damaged cotton gos ... | 2013 | 23737555 |
| determination and analysis of the genome sequence of spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (splimnpv), a pathogen of the egyptian cotton leaf worm s. littoralis, was subjected to sequencing of its entire dna genome and bioassay analysis comparing its virulence to that of other baculoviruses. the annotated splimnpv genome of 137,998 bp was found to harbor 132 open reading frames and 15 homologous repeat regions. four unique genes not present in spltmnpv were identified, as were 14 genes that were absent or translocated by comparis ... | 2013 | 23219924 |
| peripheral regulation by ecdysteroids of olfactory responsiveness in male egyptian cotton leaf worms, spodoptera littoralis. | physiological and behavioral plasticity allows animals to adapt to changes in external (environmental) and internal (physiological) factors. in insects, the physiological state modulates adult behavior in response to different odorant stimuli. hormones have the potential to play a major role in the plasticity of the olfactory responses. to explore if peripheral olfactory processing could be regulated by steroid hormones, we characterized the molecular, electrophysiological, and behavioral respon ... | 2012 | 22044719 |
| modulation of the temporal pattern of calling behavior of female spodoptera littoralis by exposure to sex pheromone. | we have examined the timing of calling behavior in the female egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis and its modification by exposure to sex pheromone. the calling rhythm of the female moth was found to be circadian, persistent for at least 4 days once it has been entrained, and could be phase shifted by altering the light:dark regime. we also found that female exposure to pheromone affected the rate and duration of calling. a brief exposure to pheromone gland extract increased the prop ... | 2012 | 22001286 |
| peripheral modulation of olfaction by physiological state in the egyptian leaf worm spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | insects show behavioural plasticity based on their physiological state. deprivation from a resource will normally make them more responsive to it or to perform behaviour increasing the probability of encountering such a resource. modulation of the olfactory system has been shown mainly in the central nervous system, but also in the periphery. in this study, antennal sensitivity of females of the egyptian cotton leaf worm spodoptera littoralis to different plant and sex pheromone odours was measu ... | 2009 | 19414013 |
| clock-controlled rhythm of ecdysteroid levels in the haemolymph and testes, and its relation to sperm release in the egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. | in spodoptera littoralis, testicular sperm release occurs in a daily rhythm, which is controlled by endogenous circadian oscillator located in the male reproductive system. although this rhythm is essential for male fertility, factors that initiate and maintain daily sperm release are not understood. in this study, we investigated a modulatory role for ecdysteroids in the sperm release rhythm and identified the source of ecdysteroids in adult males. we found that the onset of sperm release occur ... | 2009 | 19233333 |
| effect of exogenous ecdysteroids on growth, development, and fertility of the egyptian cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis boisd. (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | | 2016 | 17425056 |
| effects of potato plants expressing a barley cystatin on the predatory bug podisus maculiventris via herbivorous prey feeding on the plant. | the aim of this study was to assess the effects of potato plants expressing a barley cystatin on a potentially cystatin-susceptible natural enemy by predation on susceptible and non-susceptible preys feeding on the plant. we have focussed on the impact of the variant hvcpi-1 c68 --> g, in which the only cysteine residue was changed by a glycine, on the growth and digestive physiology of the colorado potato beetle (cpb), leptinotarsa decemlineata, and the egyptian cotton leafworm (ecw), spodopter ... | 2007 | 17072562 |
| the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril reduces oviposition and ecdysteroid levels in lepidoptera. | the role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ace, peptidyl dipeptidase a) in metamorphic- and reproductive-related events in the egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera, noctuidae) was studied by using the selective ace inhibitor captopril. although oral administration of captopril had no effect on larval growth, topical administration to new pupae resulted in a large decrease of successful adult formation. oviposition and overall appearance of adults emerging from treated lar ... | 2004 | 15484260 |