| potential of "lure and kill" in long-term pest management and eradication of invasive species. | "lure and kill" technology has been used for several decades in pest management and eradication of invasive species. in lure and kill, the insect pest attracted by a semiochemical lure is not "entrapped" at the source of the attractant as in mass trapping, but instead the insect is subjected to a killing agent, which eliminates affected individuals from the population after a short period. in past decades, a growing scientific literature has been published on this concept. this article provides ... | 2009 | 19610395 |
| characterization of xenorhabdus isolates from la rioja (northern spain) and virulence with and without their symbiotic entomopathogenic nematodes (nematoda: steinernematidae). | eighteen xenorhabdus isolates associated with spanish entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus steinernema were characterized using a polyphasic approach including phenotypic and molecular methods. two isolates were classified as xenorhabdus nematophila and were associated with steinernema carpocapsae. sixteen isolates were classified as xenorhabdus bovienii, of which fifteen were associated with steinernema feltiae and one with steinernema kraussei. two x. bovienii phase ii were also isolated, o ... | 2009 | 19682458 |
| identification and expression profile of halloween genes involved in ecdysteroid biosynthesis in spodoptera littoralis. | 20-hydroxyecdyone (20e), an active form of ecdysteroid, is the key hormone in insect growth and development. the biosynthesis of ecdysteroid is triggered and under the control of the neuropeptide, prothoracicotropic hormone (ptth). to date, five cytochrome p450 enzymes, namely spook (spo), phantom (phm), disembodied (dib), shadow (sad) and shade (shd) related to ecdysteroid biosynthesis, are identified and the character of last four enzymes is well studied in drosophila melanogaster, bombyx mori ... | 2010 | 19682519 |
| the dlt operon of bacillus cereus is required for resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and for virulence in insects. | the dlt operon encodes proteins that alanylate teichoic acids, the major components of cell walls of gram-positive bacteria. this generates a net positive charge on bacterial cell walls, repulsing positively charged molecules and conferring resistance to animal and human cationic antimicrobial peptides (amps) in gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. amps damage the bacterial membrane and are the most effective components of the humoral immune response against bacteria. we investigated the role of t ... | 2009 | 19767427 |
| identification of an atypical insect olfactory receptor subtype highly conserved within noctuids. | olfaction is primarily mediated by the large family of olfactory receptors. although all insect olfactory receptors share the same structure with seven transmembrane domains, they present poor sequence homologies within and between species. as the only exception, drosophila melanogaster or83b and its orthologues define a receptor subtype singularly conserved between insect species. in this article, we report the identification of a new subtype of putative olfactory receptors exceptionally conser ... | 2009 | 19804411 |
| synthesis and insecticidal activity of heptafluoroisopropyl-containing benzoylphenylurea structures. | fourteen novel heptafluoroisopropyl-containing benzoylphenylureas were designed and synthesized. their insecticidal activities against armyworm ( pseudaletia separata walker) were examined and compared with the commercial product diflubenzuron. three compounds (iii, iij, and iik) showed excellent insecticidal effect, and their activity resembled that of diflubenzuron. compound iii also showed nearly the same insecticidal activity as novaluron on african cotton leafworm ( spodoptera littoralis ). ... | 2010 | 20014763 |
| nicotiana tabacum agglutinin is active against lepidopteran pest insects. | a jasmonate-inducible lectin called nicotiana tabacum agglutinin or nictaba was found in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv samsun) leaves. since nictaba expression is also induced after insect herbivory, a role in the defence response of tobacco was suggested. in this report, a detailed analysis was made of the entomotoxic properties of nictaba using different transgenic approaches. first, purified nictaba was shown to be strongly resistant to proteolytic degradation by enzymes present in the lepido ... | 2010 | 20018900 |
| r2r3-namyb8 regulates the accumulation of phenylpropanoid-polyamine conjugates, which are essential for local and systemic defense against insect herbivores in nicotiana attenuata. | although phenylpropanoid-polyamine conjugates (ppcs) occur ubiquitously in plants, their biological roles remain largely unexplored. the two major ppcs of nicotiana attenuata plants, caffeoylputrescine (cp) and dicaffeoylspermidine, increase dramatically in local and systemic tissues after herbivore attack and simulations thereof. we identified namyb8, a homolog of ntmybjs1, which in by-2 cells regulates ppc biosynthesis, and silenced its expression by rna interference in n. attenuata (ir-myb8), ... | 2010 | 20089770 |
| identification and functional analysis of the putative anti-apoptotic gene iap4 of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus. | baculoviruses possess two types of anti-apoptotic genes, p35 and inhibitor of apoptosis (iap). in this study, we cloned a novel iap family member, splt-iap4, from spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltnpv). scanprosite analysis of splt-iap4 amino acid sequence show that it contain a baculovirus iap repeat (bir) motif at the n-terminal portion from 18 to 61 amino acid and a zinc finger ring motif near its c-terminus. baculovirus iaps could be divided into five types from iap1 to iap5 accord ... | 2010 | 20625923 |
| imd pathway is involved in the interaction of drosophila melanogaster with the entomopathogenic bacteria, xenorhabdus nematophila and photorhabdus luminescens. | xenorhabdus nematophila/steinernema carpocapsae and photorhabdus luminescens/heterorhabditis bacteriophora are nemato-bacterial complexes highly pathogenic for insects. using a syringe as artificial vector, we have analyzed the effects of the two bacteria, x. nematophila and p. luminescens on the genetic tool insect, drosophila melanogaster. both bacteria were found to kill adult flies in a dose dependent manner with x. nematophila being the fastest. on the other hand, when an injection of non-p ... | 2010 | 20627393 |
| flufenerim, a novel insecticide acting on diverse insect pests: biological mode of action and biochemical aspects. | a new chemical compound was tested for its insecticidal activity against several major insect pests. the compound, called "flufenerim", has a core pyrimidine structure and an unknown mode of action and showed potent activity against the sweet potato whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius), the green peach aphid myzus persicae (sulzer), and the african cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis (boisduval); however, it did not show any activity against two thrips species: western flower thrips frankliniel ... | 2010 | 20958045 |
| study of the bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa16 histopathological effects and determination of its putative binding proteins in the midgut of spodoptera littoralis. | the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis produces, at the vegetative stage of its growth, vip3a proteins with activity against a broad spectrum of lepidopteran insects. the egyptian cotton leaf worm (spodoptera littoralis) is an important agricultural pest that is susceptible to the vip3aa16 protein of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki strain bupm95. the midgut histopathology of vip3aa fed larvae showed vacuolization of the cytoplasm, brush border membrane destruction, vesicle formation in the apical ... | 2010 | 20965198 |
| transcriptional analysis of a photorhabdus sp. variant reveals transcriptional control of phenotypic variation and multifactorial pathogenicity in insects. | photorhabdus luminescens lives in a mutualistic association with entomopathogenic nematodes and is pathogenic for insects. variants of photorhabdus frequently arise irreversibly and are studied because they have altered phenotypic traits that are potentially important for the host interaction. var* is a colonial and phenotypic variant displaying delayed pathogenicity when directly injected into the insect, spodoptera littoralis. in this study, we evaluated the role of transcriptomic modulation i ... | 2010 | 21131515 |
| susceptibility of north-american and european crickets to acheta domesticus densovirus (addnv) and associated epizootics. | the european house cricket, acheta domesticus l., is highly susceptible to a. domesticus densovirus (addnv). commercial rearings of crickets in europe are frequently decimated by this pathogen. mortality was predominant in the last larval stage and young adults. infected a. domesticus were smaller, less active, did not jump as high, and the adult females seldom lived more than 10-14 days. the most obvious pathological change was the completely empty digestive caecae. infected tissues included ad ... | 2010 | 21167171 |
| opportunistic nature of the mammalian microsporidia: experimental transmission of trachipleistophora extenrec (fungi: microsporidia) between mammalian and insect hosts. | spores of trachipleistophora extenrec, originally isolated from the muscles of the madagascan insectivore hemicentetes semispinosus and maintained by serial passage in severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice, were fed to larvae of the egyptian cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis. extensive infection of larval tissues ensued and caused larval and pupal mortality. the development of t. extenrec in the insect host, studied both by light and electron microscopy, followed generally the same li ... | 2010 | 21188601 |
| genetic dissection of basal defence responsiveness in accessions of arabidopsis thaliana. | basal resistance involves a multitude of pathogen- and herbivore-inducible defence mechanisms, ranging from localized callose deposition to systemic defence gene induction by salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja). in this study, we have explored and dissected genetic variation in the responsiveness of basal defence mechanisms within a selection of arabidopsis accessions. responsiveness of ja-induced pdf1.2 gene expression was associated with enhanced basal resistance against the necrotrophi ... | 2011 | 21414016 |
| investigation of the steps involved in the difference of susceptibility of ephestia kuehniella and spodoptera littoralis to the bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa16 toxin. | bupm95 is a bacillusthuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain producing the vip3aa16 toxin with an interesting insecticidal activity against the lepidopteran larvae ephestia kuehniella. study of different steps in the mode of action of this vegetative insecticidal protein on the mediterranean flour moth (e. kuehniella) was carried out in the aim to investigate the origin of the higher susceptibility of this insect to vip3aa16 toxin compared to that of the egyptian cotton leaf worm spodoptera littoral ... | 2011 | 21600212 |
| potential use of a serpin from arabidopsis for pest control. | although genetically modified (gm) plants expressing toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) protect agricultural crops against lepidopteran and coleopteran pests, field-evolved resistance to bt toxins has been reported for populations of several lepidopteran species. moreover, some important agricultural pests, like phloem-feeding insects, are not susceptible to bt crops. complementary pest control strategies are therefore necessary to assure that the benefits provided by those insect-resistant ... | 2011 | 21655276 |
| increase of the bacillus thuringiensis secreted toxicity against lepidopteron larvae by homologous expression of the vip3lb gene during sporulation stage. | the vegetative insecticidal vip3a proteins display a wide range of insecticidal spectrum against several agricultural insect pests. the fact that the expression of vip3 genes occurs only during the vegetative growth phase of bacillus thuringiensis is a limiting factor in term of production level. therefore, extending the synthesis of the vip proteins to the sporulation phase is a good alternative to reach high levels of toxin synthesis. in this study, we have demonstrated that the maximal produc ... | 2011 | 21744287 |
| induction and detoxification of maize 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones by insect herbivores. | in monocotyledonous plants, 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones, also referred to as benzoxazinoids or hydroxamic acids, are one of the most important chemical barriers against herbivores. yet, knowledge about their behavior after attack, mode of action and potential detoxification by specialized insects has remained rudimentary. we chose an innovative analytical approach to understand the role of maize 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones in plant insect interactions. by combining unbiased metabolomics screens and simultan ... | 2011 | 21838747 |
| The impact of the Bacillus subtilis SPB1 biosurfactant on the midgut histology of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and determination of its putative receptor. | SPB1 is a Bacillus subtilis strain producing a lipopeptide biosurfactant. The insecticidal activity of this biosurfactant was evaluated against the Egyptian cotton leaf worm (Spodoptera littoralis). It displayed toxicity with an LC(50) of 251ng/cm(2). The histopathological changes occurred in the larval midgut of S. littoralis treated with B. subtilis SPB1 biosurfactant were vesicle formation in the apical region, cellular vacuolization and destruction of epithelial cells and their boundaries. L ... | 2011 | 22079884 |
| functional and biochemical characterization of the baculovirus caspase inhibitor mavip35. | many viruses express proteins which prevent the host cell death that their infection would otherwise provoke. some insect viruses suppress host apoptosis through the expression of caspase inhibitors belonging to the p35 superfamily. although a number of p35 relatives have been identified, autographa californica (ac) p35 and spodoptera littoralis (spli) p49 have been the most extensively characterized. acp35 was found to inhibit caspases via a suicide substrate mechanism: the caspase cleaves acp3 ... | 2011 | 22170098 |
| adipokinetic hormone-induced antioxidant response in spodoptera littoralis. | the antioxidative potential of the manduca sexta adipokinetic hormone (manse-akh) in the last instar larvae of spodoptera littoralis (noctuidae, lepidoptera) was demonstrated after exposure to oxidative stress (os) elicited by feeding on artificial diet containing tannic acid (ta). determination of protein carbonyls (pcs) and reduced glutathione (gsh) levels, monitoring of activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase (cat), superoxide dismutase (sod) and glutathione-s-transferases (gsts), as well as ... | 2012 | 22085825 |
| phaseoloidin, a homogentisic acid glucoside from nicotiana attenuata trichomes, contributes to the plant's resistance against lepidopteran herbivores. | plant trichomes are known for their capability to produce and store secondary metabolites that protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. (1)h nmr studies on intact individual trichomes located on the leaf surface of nicotiana attenuata revealed the presence of two major secondary metabolites: nicotine, the signature metabolite of the genus, and phaseoloidin, a homogentisic acid glucoside. this glucoside was reported originally from the seeds of entada phaseoloides, and this is the first r ... | 2011 | 21904938 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of ecdysone oxidase and 3-dehydroecdysone-3α-reductase involved in the ecdysone inactivation pathway of silkworm, bombyx mori. | molting hormone (ecdysteroid) is one of the most important hormones in insects. the synthesis and inactivation of the ecdysteroid regulate the developmental process of insects. a major pathway of ecdysone inactivation is that ecdysone is converted to 3-dehydroecdysone, and then further to 3-epiecdysone in insects. two enzymes (ecdysone oxidase: eo and 3de-3α-reductase) participate in this pathway. in this study, based on the previously characterized cdnas in spodoptera littoralis, we cloned and ... | 2012 | 22215981 |
| interactions of spodoptera littoralis haemocytes following injection with the entomopathogenic fungi: beauveria bassiana and nomuraea rileyi. | this study compared the cellular interactions of spodopteralittoralis haemocytes with two virulence-different entomopathogenic fungi: beauveriabassiana and nomuraearileyi. using light and transmission microscopy, five types of haemocytes namely, prohaemocytes (prs), plasmatocytes (pls), granulocytes (grs), spherule cells (sps) and oenocytoids (oes) were identified in the 6th instar larvae. prs and pls were found in the haemopoietic tissue. intra-haemocoelic injection of blastospores induced ultr ... | 2011 | 22435162 |
| the polyamine content of a nuclear polyhedrossi virus from spodoptera littoralis. | | 1981 | 319598 |
| volatiles produced by soil-borne endophytic bacteria increase plant pathogen resistance and affect tritrophic interactions. | volatile organic compounds (vocs) released by soil microorganisms influence plant growth and pathogen resistance. yet, very little is known about their influence on herbivores and higher trophic levels. we studied the origin and role of a major bacterial voc, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-bd), on plant growth, pathogen and herbivore resistance, and the attraction of natural enemies in maize. one of the major contributors to 2,3-bd in the headspace of soil-grown maize seedlings was identified as enterobact ... | 2013 | 24127750 |
| a conserved transcript pattern in response to a specialist and a generalist herbivore. | transcript patterns elicited in response to attack reveal, at the molecular level, how plants respond to aggressors. these patterns are fashioned both by inflicted physical damage as well as by biological components displayed or released by the attacker. different types of attacking organisms might therefore be expected to elicit different transcription programs in the host. using a large-scale dna microarray, we characterized gene expression in damaged as well as in distal arabidopsis thaliana ... | 2004 | 15494554 |
| a novel function for the cathepsin d inhibitor in tomato. | proteinaceous aspartic proteinase inhibitors are rare in nature and are described in only a few plant species. one of them corresponds to a family of cathepsin d inhibitors (cdis) described in potato (solanum tuberosum), involving up to 15 isoforms with a high sequence similarity. in this work, we describe a tomato (solanum lycopersicum) wound-inducible protein called jasmonic-induced protein 21 (jip21). sequence analysis of its cdna predicted a putative function as a cdi. the jip21 gene, whose ... | 2006 | 17012408 |
| the phytohormone precursor opda is isomerized in the insect gut by a single, specific glutathione transferase. | oxylipins play important roles in stress signaling in plants. the compound 12-oxophytodienoic acid (cis-opda) is an early biosynthetic precursor of jasmonic acid (ja), the key phytohormone orchestrating the plant anti-herbivore defense. when consumed by feeding lepidopteran larvae, plant-derived cis-opda suffers rapid isomerization to iso-opda in the midgut and is excreted in the frass. unlike opda epimerization (yielding trans-opda), the formation of iso-opda is enzyme-dependent, and is catalyz ... | 2009 | 19805297 |
| dynamics of membrane potential variation and gene expression induced by spodoptera littoralis, myzus persicae, and pseudomonas syringae in arabidopsis. | biotic stress induced by various herbivores and pathogens invokes plant responses involving different defense mechanisms. however, we do not know whether different biotic stresses share a common response or which signaling pathways are involved in responses to different biotic stresses. we investigated the common and specific responses of arabidopsis thaliana to three biotic stress agents: spodoptera littoralis, myzus persicae, and the pathogen pseudomonas syringae. | 2012 | 23118859 |
| multiple calmodulin-like proteins in arabidopsis are induced by insect-derived (spodoptera littoralis) oral secretion. | in plant cells, diverse environmental changes often induce transient elevation in the intracellular calcium concentrations, which are involved in signaling pathways leading to the respective cellular reactions. therefore, these calcium elevations need to be deciphered into specific downstream responses. calmodulin-like-proteins (cmls) are calcium-sensing proteins present only in higher plants. they are involved in signaling processes induced by both abiotic as well as biotic stress factors. howe ... | 2012 | 22902684 |
| cml42-mediated calcium signaling coordinates responses to spodoptera herbivory and abiotic stresses in arabidopsis. | in the interaction between arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and the generalist herbivorous insect spodoptera littoralis, little is known about early events in defense signaling and their link to downstream phytohormone pathways. s. littoralis oral secretions induced both ca²⁺ and phytohormone elevation in arabidopsis. plant gene expression induced by oral secretions revealed up-regulation of a gene encoding a calmodulin-like protein, cml42. functional analysis of cml42 plants revealed more res ... | 2012 | 22570470 |
| nicotiana attenuata mpk4 suppresses a novel jasmonic acid (ja) signaling-independent defense pathway against the specialist insect manduca sexta, but is not required for the resistance to the generalist spodoptera littoralis. | how plants tailor their defense responses to attack from different insects remains largely unknown. here, we studied the role of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk), mpk4, in the resistance of a wild tobacco nicotiana attenuata to two herbivores, the specialist manduca sexta and the generalist spodoptera littoralis. stably transformed n. attenuata plants silenced in mpk4 (irmpk4) were generated and characterized for traits important for defense against herbivores. only the oral secretions ... | 2013 | 23672856 |
| differential contribution of transcription factors to arabidopsis thaliana defense against spodoptera littoralis. | in response to insect herbivory, arabidopsis plants activate the synthesis of the phytohormone jasmonate-isoleucine, which binds to a complex consisting of the receptor coi1 and jaz repressors. upon proteasome-mediated jaz degradation, basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (tfs) myc2, myc3, and myc4 become activated and this results in the expression of defense genes. although the jasmonate (ja) pathway is known to be essential for the massive transcriptional reprogramming that follows he ... | 2013 | 23382734 |
| the arabidopsis pep-pepr system is induced by herbivore feeding and contributes to ja-mediated plant defence against herbivory. | a number of plant endogenous elicitors have been identified that induce pattern-triggered immunity upon perception. in arabidopsis thaliana eight small precursor proteins, called propeps, are thought to be cleaved upon danger to release eight peptides known as the plant elicitor peptides peps. as the expression of some propeps is induced upon biotic stress and perception of any of the eight peps triggers a defence response, they are regarded as amplifiers of immunity. besides the induction of de ... | 2015 | 26034129 |
| induced plant defense responses against chewing insects. ethylene signaling reduces resistance of arabidopsis against egyptian cotton worm but not diamondback moth. | the induction of plant defenses by insect feeding is regulated via multiple signaling cascades. one of them, ethylene signaling, increases susceptibility of arabidopsis to the generalist herbivore egyptian cotton worm (spodoptera littoralis; lepidoptera: noctuidae). the hookless1 mutation, which affects a downstream component of ethylene signaling, conferred resistance to egyptian cotton worm as compared with wild-type plants. likewise, ein2, a mutant in a central component of the ethylene signa ... | 2000 | 11080278 |
| development of insect resistant maize plants expressing a chitinase gene from the cotton leaf worm, spodoptera littoralis. | due to the importance of chitinolytic enzymes for insect, nematode and fungal growth, they are receiving attention concerning their development as biopesticides or chemical defense proteins in transgenic plants and as microbial biocontrol agents. targeting chitin associated with the extracellular matrices or cell wall by insect chitinases may be an effective approach for controlling pest insects and pathogenic fungi. the ability of chitinases to attack and digest chitin in the peritrophic matrix ... | 2015 | 26658494 |
| colonization of the intestinal tract of the polyphagous pest spodoptera littoralis with the gfp-tagged indigenous gut bacterium enterococcus mundtii. | the alkaline gut of lepidopterans plays a crucial role in shaping communities of bacteria. enterococcus mundtii has emerged as one of the predominant gut microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of the major agricultural pest, spodoptera littoralis. therefore, it was selected as a model bacterium to study its adaptation to harsh alkaline gut conditions in its host insect throughout different stages of development (larvae, pupae, adults, and eggs). to date, the mechanism of bacterial survival ... | 2016 | 27379058 |
| biodiversity and activity of the gut microbiota across the life history of the insect herbivore spodoptera littoralis. | microbes that live inside insects play critical roles in host nutrition, physiology, and behavior. although lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) are one of the most diverse insect taxa, their microbial symbionts are little-studied, particularly during metamorphosis. here, using ribosomal tag pyrosequencing of dna and rna, we investigated biodiversity and activity of gut microbiotas across the holometabolous life cycle of spodoptera littoralis, a notorious agricultural pest worldwide. proteobacter ... | 2016 | 27389097 |
| identification, phylogenetic analysis and expression profile of an anionic insect defensin gene, with antibacterial activity, from bacterial-challenged cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. | defensins are a well known family of cationic antibacterial peptides (amps) isolated from fungi, plants, insects, mussels, birds, and various mammals. they are predominantly active against gram (+) bacteria, and a few of them are also active against gram (-) bacteria and fungi. all insect defensins belonging to the invertebrate class have a consensus motif, c-x₅₋₁₆-c-x₃-c-x₉₋₁₀-c-x₄₋₇-cx₁-c. only seven amps have already been found in different lepidopteran species. no report was published on the ... | 2011 | 22067477 |
| candidate chemosensory genes in female antennae of the noctuid moth spodoptera littoralis. | chemical senses are crucial for all organisms to detect various environmental information. different protein families, expressed in chemosensory organs, are involved in the detection of this information, such as odorant-binding proteins, olfactory and gustatory receptors, and ionotropic receptors. we recently reported an expressed sequence tag (est) approach on male antennae of the noctuid moth, spodoptera littoralis, with which we could identify a large array of chemosensory genes in a species ... | 2012 | 22904672 |
| a comparison of the olfactory gene repertoires of adults and larvae in the noctuid moth spodoptera littoralis. | to better understand the olfactory mechanisms in a lepidopteran pest model species, the cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis, we have recently established a partial transcriptome from adult antennae. here, we completed this transcriptome using next generation sequencing technologies, namely 454 and illumina, on both adult antennae and larval tissues, including caterpillar antennae and maxillary palps. all sequences were assembled in 77,643 contigs. their analysis greatly enriched the repertoire ... | 2013 | 23565215 |
| an expressed sequence tag collection from the male antennae of the noctuid moth spodoptera littoralis: a resource for olfactory and pheromone detection research. | nocturnal insects such as moths are ideal models to study the molecular bases of olfaction that they use, among examples, for the detection of mating partners and host plants. knowing how an odour generates a neuronal signal in insect antennae is crucial for understanding the physiological bases of olfaction, and also could lead to the identification of original targets for the development of olfactory-based control strategies against herbivorous moth pests. here, we describe an expressed sequen ... | 2011 | 21276261 |
| screening of uruguayan plants for deterrent activity against insects. | we evaluated the anti-insectan activity of extracts from different vegetative parts of ten plant species native to uruguay. the selected plants belong to five families: bignoniaceae: clytostoma callistegioides, dolichandra cynanchoides, macfadyena unguis-cati; sapindaceae: dodonaea viscosa, allophylus edulis, serjania meridionalis; lamiaceae: salvia procurrens, salvia guaranitica; solanaceae: lycium cestroides; and phytolaccaceae: phytolacca dioica. the extracts were evaluated in independent bio ... | 0 | 20046902 |
| mosquito feeding affects larval behaviour and development in a moth. | organisms are attacked by different natural enemies present in their habitat. while enemies such as parasitoids and predators will kill their hosts/preys when they successfully attack them, enemies such as micropredators will not entirely consume their prey. however, they can still have important consequences on the performance and ecology of the prey, such as reduced growth, increased emigration, disease transmission. in this paper, we investigated the impact of a terrestrial micropredator, the ... | 2011 | 21991329 |
| identification and comparative expression analysis of odorant binding protein genes in the tobacco cutworm spodoptera litura. | insect odorant binding proteins (obps) are thought to involve in insects' olfaction perception. in the present study, we identified 38 obp genes from the antennal transcriptomes of spodoptera litura. tissue expression profiles analysis revealed that 17 of the 38 slitobp transcripts were uniquely or primarily expressed in the antennae of both sexes, suggesting their putative role in chemoreception. the rpkm value analysis revealed that seven obps (slitpbp1-3, slitgobp1-2, slitobp3 and slitobp5) a ... | 2015 | 26346731 |
| regulation of ecdysteroid signalling during drosophila development: identification, characterization and modelling of ecdysone oxidase, an enzyme involved in control of ligand concentration. | the steroidal moulting hormones (ecdysteroids) mediate developmental transitions in insects, and their regulation is mainly controlled by the production and inactivation of these steroid hormones at the appropriate developmental times. one route of metabolism of ecdysteroids in insects involves eo (ecdysone oxidase)-catalysed conversion into 3-dehydroecdysteroid, which undergoes reduction to the corresponding 3-epiecdysteroid. by a twin-stranded bioinformatics approach, employing both phylogenom ... | 0 | 15813704 |
| characterization of multisugar-binding c-type lectin (splilec) from a bacterial-challenged cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. | various proteins that display carbohydrate-binding activity in a ca(2+)-dependent manner are classified into the c-type lectin family. they have one or two c-type carbohydrate-recognition domains (crds) composed of 110-130 amino acid residues in common. c-type lectins mediate cell adhesion, non-self recognition, and immuno-protection processes in immune responses and thus play significant roles in clearance of invaders, either as cell surface receptors for microbial carbohydrates or as soluble p ... | 2012 | 22916161 |
| occurrence of bacillus thuringiensis and their phages in yemen soil. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) isolates were found in all samples of soil in nine governorates of yemen. from 384 isolates of bacillus recovered from these soil samples after acetate selection, 104 isolates (27.1 %) were bt. five isolates of bt were selected and insecticidal activity was tested against culex pipiens, callosobruchus maculatus and spodoptera littoralis. the bt isolate yh18 gave toxicity to all tested insects larvae. this study extended to isolate phages active against the selected bt ... | 2013 | 24426317 |
| protease inhibitor from insect silk-activities of derivatives expressed in vitro and in transgenic potato. | several recombinant derivatives of serine protease inhibitor called silk protease inhibitor 2 (spi2), which is a silk component in galleria mellonella (lepidoptera, insecta), were prepared in the expression vector pichia pastoris. both the native and the recombinant protease inhibitors were highly active against subtilisin and proteinase k. the synthetic spi2 gene with ala codon in the p1 position was fused with mgfp-5 to facilitate detection of the transgene and its protein product. a construct ... | 2013 | 23824530 |
| prosystemin overexpression in tomato enhances resistance to different biotic stresses by activating genes of multiple signaling pathways. | systemin is a signal peptide that promotes the response to wounding and herbivore attack in tomato. this 18-amino acid peptide is released from a larger precursor, prosystemin. to study the role of systemin as a modulator of defense signaling, we generated tomato (solanum lycopersicum) transgenic plants that overexpress the prosystemin cdna. we carried out a transcriptomic analysis comparing two different transgenic events with the untransformed control. the gene ontology categories of the 503 d ... | 2017 | 26339120 |
| combinatorial effect of bacillus amyloliquefaciens ag1 biosurfactant and bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa16 toxin on spodoptera littoralis larvae. | spodoptera littoralis, one of the most serious and destructive agricultural pests in the world, is very susceptible to vip3 toxin. in order to develop a new efficient bioinsecticide and to prevent the development of resistance by the target pest, insecticidal activity of biosurfactant produced by bacillus amyloliquefaciens ag1 was evaluated against s. littoralis. bioassays revealed the susceptibility of the first instar larvae of this pest to ag1 biosurfactant with an lc50 of 245ng/cm(2). moreov ... | 2017 | 28093209 |
| transfer of cry1ac and cry2a proteins from genetically engineered bt cotton to herbivores and predators. | with the cultivation of bt cotton, the produced insecticidal cry proteins are ingested by herbivores and potentially transferred along the food chain to natural enemies, such as predators. in laboratory experiments with bollgard ii cotton, concentrations of cry1ac and cry2ab were measured in lepidoptera larvae (spodoptera littoralis, heliothis virescens), plant bugs (euschistus heros), aphids (aphis gossypii), whiteflies (bemisia tabaci), thrips (thrips tabaci, frankliniella occidentalis), and s ... | 2017 | 28374515 |
| vegetative insecticidal protein of bacillus thuringiensis blb459 and its efficiency against lepidoptera. | bacillus thuringiensis strain blb459 supernatant showed a promising activity against lepidopteran pests with extremely damages in the larvae midgut. investigations of the genes that encode secreted toxin demonstrated that this strain harbored a vip3-type gene named vip3(459). based on its original nucleotide and amino acid sequences, this gene was cloned into pet-14b vector and overexpressed in escherichia coli. the expressed protein was purified and tested against different insects and interest ... | 2017 | 28223048 |
| interaction of transgenic and natural insect resistance mechanisms against spodoptera littoralis in cotton. | insect-resistant transgenic plants that express insecticidal cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are grown on millions of hectares worldwide. while these proteins are efficient in controlling key lepidopteran pests, not all pests are affected and the development of resistance in target pests is always a concern. these shortcomings could be addressed by exploiting the natural insect resistance of cotton, especially inducible terpenoids such as gossypol. | 2016 | 28019063 |
| insecticidal spectrum and mode of action of the bacillus thuringiensis vip3ca insecticidal protein. | the vip3ca protein, discovered in a screening of spanish collections of bacillus thuringiensis, was known to be toxic to chrysodeixis chalcites, mamestra brassicae and trichoplusia ni. in the present study, its activity has been tested with additional insect species and we found that cydia pomonella is moderately susceptible to this protein. vip3ca (of approximately 90kda) was processed to an approximately 70kda protein when incubated with midgut juice in all tested species. the kinetics of prot ... | 2017 | 27756652 |
| midgut microbiota and host immunocompetence underlie bacillus thuringiensis killing mechanism. | bacillus thuringiensis is a widely used bacterial entomopathogen producing insecticidal toxins, some of which are expressed in insect-resistant transgenic crops. surprisingly, the killing mechanism of b. thuringiensis remains controversial. in particular, the importance of the septicemia induced by the host midgut microbiota is still debated as a result of the lack of experimental evidence obtained without drastic manipulation of the midgut and its content. here this key issue is addressed by rn ... | 2016 | 27506800 |
| localization and in silico study of the vegetative insecticidal proteins vip2s-vip1s of bacillus thuringiensis. | the bacillus thuringiensis s1/4 strain was previously found to harbour vip1s, vip2s, and vip3 genes. its plasmid curing led to the obtaining of four partially cured strains s1/4-2, s1/4-3, s1/4-7, and s1/4-9 (vip2s-vip1s (-), vip3 (+)), one strain s1/4-4 (vip2s-vip1s (+), vip3 (-)), and s1/4-0 strain lacking the three genes. using these derivative strains as templates, pcr amplification and southern blot assay revealed that vip2s-vip1s operon and vip3 gene were localized on two different large p ... | 2016 | 27264647 |
| isolation and characterization of a new bacillus thuringiensis strain with a promising toxicity against lepidopteran pests. | insecticides derived from bacillus thuringiensis are gaining worldwide importance as environmentally desirable alternatives to chemicals for the control of pests in public health and agriculture. isolation and characterization of new strains with higher and broader spectrum of activity is an ever growing field. in the present work, a novel tunisian b. thuringiensis isolate named blb459 was characterized and electrophoresis assay showed that among a collection of 200 b. thuringiensis strains, the ... | 2017 | 27242138 |
| a promising hd133-like strain of bacillus thuringiensis with dual efficiency to the two lepidopteran pests: spodoptera littoralis (noctuidae) and ephestia kuehniella (pyralidae). | isolation and identification of new strains with wide variety of target pests is an ever growing field. in this paper, a screening of 260 strains from tunisian soil samples was conducted by dot-blot and pcr-sequencing analysis. the screening was done on the basis of the possession of cry1d-type genes and was followed by the evaluation of the insecticidal activity against spodoptera littoralis. blb250 strain showed an lc50 value (56.2 μg g(-1)) against s. littoralis lower than those of the two ba ... | 2016 | 27130040 |
| involvement of the processing step in the susceptibility/tolerance of two lepidopteran larvae to bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa toxin. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1a toxins are known for their effectiveness against lepidopteran insects. in this study, the entomopathogenic activity of cry1aa was investigated against two lepidopteran larvae causing serious threat to various crops, spodoptera littoralis and tuta absoluta. contrarily to s. littoralis, which showed low susceptibility to cry1aa (40% mortality with 1μg/cm(2)), t. absoluta was very sensitive to this delta-endotoxin (lc50 of 95.8ng/cm(2)). the different steps in the ... | 2016 | 26821657 |
| histopathological and combinatorial effects of the metalloprotease inha1 and cry proteins of bacillus thuringiensis against spodoptera littoralis. | the zinc metalloprotease (inha) of bacillus thuringiensis specifically hydrolyzes cecropins and attacins, two antibacterial peptides in the immune hemolymph of insects, leading to a high resistance of the bacteria to the humoral defense system of its host. in the present study, the inha gene of b. thuringiensis strain bupm28 was cloned and the nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that it was identical to that of b. thuringiensis 8010. the expressed inha1 protein in escherichia coli showed toxic ... | 2015 | 26358555 |
| a deletion mutant ndv200 of the bacillus thuringiensis vip3br insecticidal toxin gene is a prospective candidate for the next generation of genetically modified crop plants resistant to lepidopteran insect damage. | ectopic expression of a deletion mutant ( ndv200 ) of bacillus thuringiensis vip3br gene in tobacco plant provided almost complete protection against major crop pests cotton boll worm ( helicoverpa armigera ), black cut worm ( agrotis ipsilon ) and cotton leaf worm ( spodoptera littoralis ). whereas vip3br transgenic tobacco plant failed to protect themselves from these insects and showed resistance towards cotton leaf worm only. an analogous form of the bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa insecticida ... | 2015 | 25912191 |
| highly toxic and broad-spectrum insecticidal local bacillus strains engineered using protoplast fusion. | protoplast fusion was performed between a local bacillus thuringiensis uv-resistant mutant 66/1a (bt) and bacillus sphaericus ghai (bs) to produce new bacillus strains with a wider spectrum of action against different insects. bt is characterized as sensitive to polymyxin and streptomycin and resistant to rifampicin and has shown 87% mortality against spodoptera littoralis larvae at concentration of 1.5 × 10(7) cells/ml after 7 days of feeding; bs is characterized as resistant to polymyxin and s ... | 2015 | 25485592 |
| a novel recombinant baculovirus overexpressing a bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin enhances insecticidal activity. | baculoviruses have been genetically modified to express foreign genes under powerful promoters in order to accelerate their speed of killing. in this study a truncated form of cry1ab gene derived from bacillus thuringinsis (bt) subsp. aegypti isolate bt7 was engineered into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica multiple nuclearpolyhedrosis wild type virus, in place of the polyhedrin gene by using homologous recombination in spodoptera frugiperda (sf) cells between a transfer vecto ... | 2014 | 24735532 |
| a screening of five bacillus thuringiensis vip3a proteins for their activity against lepidopteran pests. | five bacillus thuringiensis vip3a proteins (vip3aa, vip3ab, vip3ad, vip3ae and vip3af) and their corresponding trypsin-activated toxins were tested for their toxicity against eight lepidopteran pests: agrotis ipsilon, helicoverpa armigera, mamestra brassicae, spodoptera exigua, spodoptera frugiperda, spodoptera littoralis, ostrinia nubilalis and lobesia botrana. toxicity was first tested at a high dose at 7 and 10 days. no major differences were found when comparing protoxins vs. trypsin-activat ... | 2014 | 24508583 |
| new bacillus thuringiensis toxin combinations for biological control of lepidopteran larvae. | cyt1aa from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis is known by its synergistical activity with b. thuringiensis and bacillus sphaericus toxins. it is able to improve dipteran specific toxins activity and can prevent or overcome larval resistance to those proteins. the objective of the current study was to investigate the possible improvement of larvicidal activity of b. thuringiensis kurstaki expressing heterogeneous proteins cyt1a and p20. cyt1a98 and p20 genes encoding the cytolytic protein (cyt1a ... | 2014 | 24444881 |
| selection and characterisation of an hd1-like bacillus thuringiensis isolate with a high insecticidal activity against spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | spodoptera littoralis (boisduval) larvae are known by their susceptibility to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strains. in order to prevent the appearance of b. thuringiensis (bt) resistance and to develop economical bt-based biopesticides, the selection and the characterisation of a b. thuringiensis isolate toxic against s. littoralis larvae and overproducing δ-endotoxins were investigated. | 2014 | 24124020 |
| combinatorial effect of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki and photorhabdus luminescens against spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | spodoptera littoralis, one of the major pests of many important crop plants, is more susceptible to bacillus thuringiensis aizawai delta-endotoxins than to those of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki. within the framework of the development of efficient bioinsecticides and the prevention against insect resistance, we tested the effect of mixing b. thuringiensis kurstaki delta-endotoxins and photorhabdus luminescens cells on s. littoralis growth. the obtained results showed that the growth inhibitio ... | 2014 | 23908000 |
| histopathological effects and determination of the putative receptor of bacillus thuringiensis cry1da toxin in spodoptera littoralis midgut. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain hd133, known by its effectiveness against spodoptera species, produces many insecticidal proteins including cry1ab, cry1ca and cry1da. in the present study, the insecticidal activity of cry1da against spodoptera littoralis was investigated. it showed toxicity with an lc(50) of 224.4 ng/cm(2) with 95% confidence limits of (178.61-270.19) and an lc(90) of 467.77 ng/cm(2) with 95% confidence limits of (392.89-542.65). the midgut histopathology of cry1da ... | 2013 | 23220238 |
| microbial control of the cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis (boisd.) by egyptian bacillus thuringiensis isolates. | four local bacillus thuringiensis (bt) isolates that had been serologically identified as bt var. kurstaki (btk2, btk3, and btk66) and bt var. mexicanensis (btm27), in addition to two reference strains (4d20 and 4ac1), were laboratory assayed as microbial control agents against the egyptian cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis (boisd.). polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification analysis revealed that each of the six experimental strains carries, at least, a cry1 type gene which expresses a ... | 2013 | 22983675 |
| screening and identification of a bacillus thuringiensis strain s1/4 with large and efficient insecticidal activities. | the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis was recognized for its entomopathogenic activities related to cry and cyt proteins forming the δ-endotoxins and some extracellular activities like the vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip) and cry1i. these activities may act specifically against diverse organisms and some of them typically characterize each strain. here, we screened a set of 212 b. thuringiensis strains to search the higher insecticidal activities. these strains had bipyramidal and cubic cry ... | 2013 | 22915162 |
| transient endophytic colonizations of plants improve the outcome of foliar applications of mycoinsecticides against chewing insects. | the current work reports how spray application of entomopathogenic fungi on alfalfa, tomato and melon plants may cause an additional spodoptera littoralis larvae mortality due to a temporal colonization of the leaves and subsequent ingestion of those leaves by the larvae. most entomopathogenic fungi (ef) (ascomycota: hypocreales) endophytes seem to colonize their host plants in a non-systemic pattern, in which case at least a transient endophytic establishment of the fungus should be expected in ... | 2016 | 26945771 |
| bioactive polychlorinated bibenzyls from the liverwort riccardia polyclada. | gc-ms and (1)h nmr spectroscopic profiling of a cdcl 3 extract of the liverwort riccardia polyclada (syn. r. umbrosa) revealed the presence of four main compounds bearing several chlorine atoms on a bibenzyl skeleton. separation of a ch 2cl 2 extract was achieved using preparative tlc, and structures 1- 4 were proposed on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. compounds 1- 4 were active in a brine shrimp lethality bioassay ( artemia salina). in addition, 2 and 4 displayed moderate antifeedant acti ... | 2007 | 18020419 |
| antifungal and insect antifeedant 2-phenylethanol esters from the liverwort balantiopsis cancellata from chile. | a chemical study of a dichloromethane extract of balantiopsis cancellata led to the isolation of four known 2-phenylethanol esters (1-4) and a phenylethanediol benzoate (5). antifeedant activity toward spodoptera littoralis (disk-choice bioassay) and growth inhibition of the phytopathogen cladosporium herbarum in tlc-bioautography assays were determined. the results show that the antifeedant and antifungal activity of the extract is attributable mainly to the trans-beta-methylthioacrylate 4. | 2005 | 15656657 |
| bioactive amides from glycosmis species. | besides the known imide ritigalin (9), six new phenethyl/styrylamine-derived amides isolated from lipophilic leaf extracts of glycosmis cf. mauritiana, glycosmis cf. cyanocarpa, and glycosmis crassifolia displayed pronounced antifungal and/or insecticidal activity against cladosporium herbarum and spodoptera littoralis, respectively, the methylthiocarbonic acid derivatives niranin (1), dehydroniranin a (2), and dehydroniranin b (3) as well as the isovaleric and senecioic acid derivatives thaleba ... | 1996 | 9036182 |
| insect deterrent and nematicidal screening of microfungi from mexico and anti-aphid compounds from gliomastix masseei. | fungal metabolites are promising alternatives for the development of biorational pesticides. in this sense, microfungi from tropical regions are valuable sources of natural compounds for pest management. with the aim of broadening the search for new eco-friendly products to manage plant pests, this study was carried out to evaluate the biological activity of 23 tropical fungal extracts on three species of phytophagous insects and a plant parasitic nematode. in addition, the active principles of ... | 2017 | 28258772 |
| symbiont-derived antimicrobials contribute to the control of the lepidopteran gut microbiota. | insects develop efficient antimicrobial strategies to flourish in a bacterial world. it has long been proposed that native gut microbiota is an important component of host defense; however, the responsible species have rarely been isolated to elucidate the mechanism of action. here we show that the dominant symbiotic bacterium enterococcus mundtii associated with the generalist herbivore spodoptera littoralis actively secretes a stable class iia bacteriocin (mundticin ks) against invading bacter ... | 2017 | 28107652 |
| draft genome sequence of enterococcus mundtii sl 16, an indigenous gut bacterium of the polyphagous pest spodoptera littoralis. | | 2016 | 27826292 |
| effects of tannin-rich host plants on the infection and establishment of the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora. | parasitized animals can self-medicate. as ingested plant phenolics, mainly tannins, reduce strongyle nematode infections in mammalian herbivores. we investigated the effect of plant extracts known to be anthelmintic in vertebrate herbivores on the recovery of the parasitic entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora infecting african cotton leafworm (spodoptera littoralis). nematode infective juveniles (ijs) were exposed to 0, 300, 900, 1200, 2400 ppm of pistacia lentiscus l. (lentis ... | 2015 | 25935140 |
| interaction of the koinobiont parasitoid microplitis rufiventris of the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis, with two entomopathogenic rhabditids, heterorhabditis bacteriophora and steinernema carpocapsae. | entomopathogenic nematodes are generally considered beneficial organisms. however, they can affect beneficial insects such as parasitoids. the interaction between the entomopathogenic nematodes heterorhabditis bacteriophora poinar (rhabditida: heterorhabditidae) and steinernema carpocapsae weiser, and the parasitoid microplitis rufiventris kokujev (hymenoptera: braconidae) was investigated in the laboratory. in non-parasitized hosts, spodoptera littoralis boisduval (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larva ... | 2013 | 24219656 |
| laboratory evaluation of isaria fumosorosea against spodoptera littoralis. | isaria fumosorosea (syn. paecilomyces fumosoroseus) is potentially useful for the biological control of economically important agricultural and forest insect pests. we evaluated efficacy of two strains of this entomopathogenic fungus against last instar larvae and pupae of egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. the first strain was apopka 97 which is an active ingredient of commercial biopesticide preferal wg (biobest, belgium). the second strain was isolated from cameraria ohridella a ... | 2012 | 23885438 |
| new bioactive semisynthetic derivatives of 31-norlanostenol and obtusifoliol from euphorbia officinarum. | fifteen semisynthetic terpenoid derivatives from the major latex components of euphorbia officinarum have been evaluated against the insect pest spodoptera littoralis, two species of protozoan parasites, trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania infantum, and also against insect sf9 and mammalian cho cells to test their selective cytotoxicity. our results showed that 40% of the test substances were postingestive toxicants to s. littoralis. all the tested derivatives had cytotoxic effects on insect-derive ... | 2016 | 27534104 |
| establishment and characterization of spodoptera littoralis cell line (sl 96), adapted at 19 degrees c permissive for different baculoviruses. | cells from ovarioule tissues of the egyptian cotton leaf worm, spodoptera littoralis (sl 96) were established, identified and characterized comparing with other lepidopteran cell lines using isozymes, karyotyping, rapd pcr, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis polypeptide page profile. comparison of the number of chromosomes and page profiles; also the isozymes profiles demonstrate the possibility to distinguish the cell lines by those analyses and having a distinguishable finger print for eve ... | 2005 | 16333885 |
| detection of phthorimaea operculella granulovirus in vivo and in vitro by a specific dna probe. | in analyzing populations of non-infected potato tuber moth (ptm) phthorimaea operculella, using a total dna probe from phthorimaea operculella granulovirus (phopgv), false positive reactions were obtained indicating homology between cellular and viral dnas. using a cloned 2.1 kbp fragment of phopgv dna, a specific digoxigenin-labeled probe was developed. this fragment did not show homology using both dot and southern blot hybridization with either the genome of the larvae or genomes of the cell ... | 1999 | 10757228 |
| oral insecticidal activity of plant-associated pseudomonads. | biocontrol pseudomonads are most known to protect plants from fungal diseases and to increase plant yield, while intriguing aspects on insecticidal activity have been discovered only recently. here, we demonstrate that fit toxin producing pseudomonads, in contrast to a naturally fit-deficient strain, exhibit potent oral activity against larvae of spodoptera littoralis, heliothis virescens and plutella xylostella, all major insect pests of agricultural crops. spraying plant leaves with suspension ... | 2013 | 23033861 |
| arabidopsis basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors myc2, myc3, and myc4 regulate glucosinolate biosynthesis, insect performance, and feeding behavior. | arabidopsis thaliana plants fend off insect attack by constitutive and inducible production of toxic metabolites, such as glucosinolates (gss). a triple mutant lacking myc2, myc3, and myc4, three basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that are known to additively control jasmonate-related defense responses, was shown to have a highly reduced expression of gs biosynthesis genes. the myc2 myc3 myc4 (myc234) triple mutant was almost completely devoid of gs and was extremely susceptible to the ... | 2013 | 23943862 |
| xenorhabdus bovienii cs03, the bacterial symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema weiseri, is a non-virulent strain against lepidopteran insects. | xenorhabdus bacteria (γ-proteobacteria: enterobacteriaceae) have dual lifestyles. they have a mutualistic relationship with steinernema nematodes (nematoda: steinernematidae) and are pathogenic to a wide range of insects. each steinernema nematode associates with a specific xenorhabdus species. however, a xenorhabdus species can have multiple nematode hosts. for example, xenorhabdus bovienii (xb) colonizes at least nine steinernema species from two different phylogenetic clades. the steinernema- ... | 2015 | 25315609 |
| inoculation of transgenic resistant potato by phytophthora infestans affects host plant choice of a generalist moth. | pathogen attack and the plant's response to this attack affect herbivore oviposition preference and larval performance. introduction of major resistance genes against phytophthora infestans (rpi-genes), the cause of the devastating late blight disease, from wild solanum species into potato changes the plant-pathogen interaction dynamics completely, but little is known about the effects on non-target organisms. thus, we examined the effect of p. infestans itself and introduction of an rpi-gene in ... | 2015 | 26053171 |
| high entomotoxicity and mechanism of the fungal galnac/gal-specific rhizoctonia solani lectin in pest insects. | whole insect assays where rhizoctonia solani agglutinin (rsa) was fed to larval stages of the cotton leaf-worm spodoptera littoralis and the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum demonstrated a high concentration-dependent entomotoxicity, suggesting that this galnac/gal-specific fungal lectin might be a good control agent for different pest insects. rsa at 10 mg/g in the solid diet of 2nd-instar caterpillars caused 84% weight reduction after 8 days with none of the caterpillars reaching the 4th-instar s ... | 2013 | 23291362 |
| first results on the insecticidal action of saponins. | in the search for new, natural insecticides, numerous scientists are currently trying to obtain useful compound from plants. a possibly interesting class of molecules are the saponins, a group of steroidal or triterpenoidal secondary plant metabolites with divergent biological activities. in this study, we investigated the activity of saponins against living caterpillars spodoptera littoralis) and aphids (acyrthosiphon pisum) via treatment on artificial diets containing different concentrations ... | 2007 | 18399498 |
| a parvo-like virus persistently infecting a c6/36 clone of aedes albopictus mosquito cell line and pathogenic for aedes aegypti larvae. | we have isolated and partially characterized from an apparently healthy c6/36 subclone of aedes albopictus cell line a small icosahedral non-enveloped dna virus, designated aapv. this virus proved to be highly pathogenic for aedes aegypti neonate larvae. viral infection persisted for over 4 years in the cell culture without any cytopathic effect. attempts to infect suckling mice, drosophila melanogaster adults and spodoptera littoralis larvae with aapv were unsuccessful. similarly, the aapv fail ... | 1993 | 8212862 |
| emamectin, a novel insecticide for controlling field crop pests. | emamectin is a macrocyclic lactone insecticide with low toxicity to non-target organisms and the environment, and is considered an important component in pest-management programmes for controlling field crop pests. it is a powerful compound for controlling the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera (hübner). a spray concentration of 25 mg ai litre-1 in a cotton field resulted in over 90% suppression of h armigera larvae up to day 28 after treatment, while similar mortality of the egyptian cotton l ... | 2002 | 12449526 |
| global and local modulatory supply to the mushroom bodies of the moth spodoptera littoralis. | the moth spodoptera littoralis, is a major pest of agriculture whose olfactory system is tuned to odorants emitted by host plants and conspecifics. as in other insects, the paired mushroom bodies are thought to play pivotal roles in behaviors that are elicited by contextual and multisensory signals, amongst which those of specific odors dominate. compared with species that have elaborate behavioral repertoires, such as the honey bee apis mellifera or the cockroach periplaneta americana, the mush ... | 2008 | 18406668 |
| evidence for gaba-induced systemic gaba accumulation in arabidopsis upon wounding. | the non-proteinogenic amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) is present in all plant species analyzed so far. its synthesis is stimulated by either acidic conditions occurring after tissue disruption or higher cytosolic calcium level. in mammals, gaba acts as inhibitory neurotransmitter but its function in plants is still not well understood. besides its involvement in abiotic stress resistance, gaba has a role in the jasmonate-independent defense against invertebrate pests. while the biochemical ... | 2017 | 28382046 |
| paired hierarchical organization of 13-lipoxygenases in arabidopsis. | embryophyte genomes typically encode multiple 13-lipoxygenases (13-loxs) that initiate the synthesis of wound-inducible mediators called jasmonates. little is known about how the activities of these different lox genes are coordinated. we found that the four 13-lox genes in arabidopsis thaliana have different basal expression patterns. lox2 expression was strong in soft aerial tissues, but was excluded both within and proximal to maturing veins. lox3 was expressed most strongly in circumfasicula ... | 2016 | 27135236 |
| phosphate deficiency induces the jasmonate pathway and enhances resistance to insect herbivory. | during their life cycle, plants are typically confronted by simultaneous biotic and abiotic stresses. low inorganic phosphate (pi) is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies limiting plant growth in natural and agricultural ecosystems, while insect herbivory accounts for major losses in plant productivity and impacts ecological and evolutionary changes in plant populations. here, we report that plants experiencing pi deficiency induce the jasmonic acid (ja) pathway and enhance their defense ... | 2016 | 27016448 |
| insect herbivory-elicited gaba accumulation in plants is a wound-induced, direct, systemic, and jasmonate-independent defense response. | the non-proteinogenic amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) is present in all organisms analyzed so far. in invertebrates gaba acts as a neurotransmitter; in plants different functions are under discussion. among others, its involvement in abiotic stress reactions and as a defensive compound against feeding insects is suggested. gaba is synthesized from glutamate by glutamate decarboxylases and degraded by gaba-transaminases. here, in arabidopsis thaliana, gad1/2 double mutants showing reduced g ... | 2015 | 26734035 |