| identification and characterization of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus type b lef-3 gene. | we have identified a gene from the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus type b (splinpv-b) with several characteristics that suggest that it is homologous to the lef-3 genes of the autographa californica and orgyia pseudotsugata npvs (acmnpv and opmnpv, respectively). the splinpv-b lef-3 gene was mapped between 43.6 and 45.5 map units of the splinpv-b genome. northern blot analysis showed that splinpv-b lef-3 was expressed as a 1.6 kb transcript at 5 h post infection (p.i.), reached high l ... | 1998 | 9638145 |
| a comparison and analysis of the toxicity and receptor binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis cryic delta-endotoxin on spodoptera littoralis and bombyx mori. | the binding of l-[35s]methionine in vivo labelled cryic toxin to its receptor in brush border membrane vesicle (bbmv's) prepared from spodoptera littoralis and bombyx mori was studied. both insect species were highly susceptible to the cryic toxin in bioassays, b. mori being 7-fold more sensitive to cryic than s. littoralis (lc50's of 10 ng/cm2 and 70 ng/cm2, respectively). competition and direct binding experiments revealed saturable high-affinity binding sites on bbmv's from both insects which ... | 1994 | 7957870 |
| isolation and entomotoxic properties of the xenorhabdus nematophilus f1 lecithinase. | xenorhabdus spp. and photorhabdus spp., entomopathogenic bacteria symbiotically associated with nematodes of the families steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae, respectively, were shown to produce different lipases when they were grown on suitable nutrient agar. substrate specificity studies showed that photorhabdus spp. exhibited a broad lipase activity, while most of the xenorhabdus spp. secreted a specific lecithinase. xenorhabdus spp. occur spontaneously in two variants, phase i and phase i ... | 1998 | 9647801 |
| involvement of chitinases of bacillus thuringiensis during pathogenesis in insects. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis ips78 and b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai hd133 both secreted exochitinase activity when grown in a medium containing chitin. allosamidin, a specific chitinase inhibitor, inhibited activity from both strains, with ic50 values of about 50 microm with colloidal chitin as substrate and between 1 and 10 microm with 4-methylumbelliferyl-diacetylchitobioside and 4-methylumbelliferyl-triacetylchitotrioside as substrates. the involvement of these chitinolytic ac ... | 1998 | 9720040 |
| toxicity of microcystin-lr, isolated from microcystis aeruginosa, against various insect species. | microcystin-lr (mc-lr), isolated from the cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa kuetzing emend. elenkin strain ccap 1450/4 was tested for biological activity against four species of insect and the invertebrate artemia salina. the efficacy of pesticidal activity was compared with various insecticides. the 24 hr ld50 value for third instar diamond-backed moth, plutella xylostella, on ingestion from a treated leaf surface was 1.0 micrograms cm2, compared with a 72 hr ld50 value for rotenone of 2.0 ... | 1995 | 7676468 |
| isolation of an apoptosis suppressor gene of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus. | spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells infected with mutants of the autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) which lack a functional p35 gene undergo apoptosis, aborting the viral infection. the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (slnpv) was able to suppress apoptosis triggered by vdeltap35k/pol+, an acmnpv p35 null mutant. to identify the putative apoptotic suppressor gene of slnpv, overlapping cosmid clones representing the entire slnpv genome were individually cotransfected along ... | 1999 | 9882332 |
| the alpha-5 segment of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin: in vitro activity, ion channel formation and molecular modelling. | a peptide with a sequence corresponding to the highly conserved alpha-5 segment of the cry delta-endotoxin family (amino acids 193-215 of bacillus thuringiensis cryiiia [gazit and shai (1993) biochemistry 32, 3429-3436]), was investigated with respect to its interaction with insect membranes, cytotoxicity in vitro towards spodoptera frugiperda (sf-9) cells, and its propensity to form ion channels in planar lipid membranes (plms). selectively labelled analogues of alpha-5 at either the n-terminal ... | 1994 | 7529493 |
| a new method to improve olfactory responses to gc effluents. | biological detectors such as the human nose or an insect antenna represent extremely attractive detectors for gas chromatography (gc) since they are specifically tuned to perceive biologically relevant compounds. however, these detectors are nonlinear, noisy and often perform poorly under standard gc conditions since they are adapted to detect transient rather than long-lasting stimuli. these drawbacks can be overcome if the chemical stimulus, delivered by the gas chromatograph, is re-shaped (mo ... | 1998 | 9915110 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of hemolymph 3-dehydroecdysone 3beta-reductase from the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. a new member of the third superfamily of oxidoreductases. | the primary product of the prothoracic glands of last instar larvae of spodoptera littoralis is 3-dehydroecdysone (3de). after secretion, 3de is reduced to ecdysone by 3de 3beta-reductase in the hemolymph. we have previously purified and characterized 3de 3beta-reductase from the hemolymph of s. littoralis. in this study, cdna clones encoding the enzyme were obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, employing primers based on the amino acid sequences, in conjunction with 5'- a ... | 1999 | 10187849 |
| replication of spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus in permissive and non-permissive lepidopteran cell lines. | the spodoptera exigua multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv) was inoculated to eight lepidopteran cell lines derived from spodoptera exigua (se301), spodoptera frugiperda (sf21aeii), spodoptera littoralis (cls-79), spodoptera litura (spli-221), pseudaletia separata (lese-11), trichoplusia ni (hi-5), plutella xylostella (pxl/c) and bombyx mori (bmn4). the productive infection of semnpv was observed only in se301 cells. however, a dot-blot hybridization analysis revealed that semnpv dna r ... | 1998 | 10358729 |
| related rnas in lepidopteran cells after in vitro infection with hyposoter didymator virus define a new polydnavirus gene family. | in the present study, we describe the isolation and the characterization of three different hyposoter didymator virus (hdv) lepidopteran host-expressed genes, the products of which might interfere with the host physiology during parasitism. in this report, we study the expression of hdv genes in sf9 cells infected with hdv since results indicate that the sf9 model mimics to some extent the in vivo model and may be utilized to study expression of hdv genes in lepidopteran host cells. this system ... | 1999 | 10544108 |
| flhdc, the flagellar master operon of xenorhabdus nematophilus: requirement for motility, lipolysis, extracellular hemolysis, and full virulence in insects. | xenorhabdus is a major insect pathogen symbiotically associated with nematodes of the family steinernematidae. this motile bacterium displays swarming behavior on suitable media, but a spontaneous loss of motility is observed as part of a phenomenon designated phase variation which involves the loss of stationary-phase products active as antibiotics and potential virulence factors. to investigate the role of one of the transcriptional activators of flagellar genes, flhdc, in motility and virulen ... | 2000 | 10613869 |
| occurrence of natural dixenic associations between the symbiont photorhabdus luminescens and bacteria related to ochrobactrum spp. in tropical entomopathogenic heterorhabditis spp. (nematoda, rhabditida). | bacteria naturally associated with the symbiont photorhabdus luminescens subsp. akhurstii were isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis indica. bacterial isolates distinct from p. luminescens subsp. akhurstii were obtained from 33% of the samples. fourteen bacterial isolates, from nematodes collected from three different caribbean islands, were characterized by conventional phenotypic tests, restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analyses of pcr-amplified 16s rr ... | 2000 | 10746775 |
| assessment of two natural marine toxins (microcystis aeruginosa and parasicyonis actinostoloides) for the control of some medical and agriculture insects with reference to the action on mice. | the present work describes the insecticidal potentiality from microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacteria) and parasicyonis actinostoloides (sea anemone) water extracts against 3rd larval instar of medical insects (musca domestica and culex pipiens) and 4th larval instar of agriculture insects (spodoptera littoralis and agrotis ipsilon. the ld50s of m. aeruginosa extract were 1.94, 2.33, 7.59 and 9.10 mg/ml. for m. domestica, c. pipiens, s. littoralis and a. ipsilon). respectively. while ld50s of p. a ... | 2000 | 10946523 |
| molecular and insecticidal characterization of a bacillus thuringiensis strain isolated during a natural epizootic. | a new bacillus thuringiensis strain belonging to the serovar aizawai was isolated from a dead larva of the lepidopteran mythimna loreyi collected in a corn crop in spain during a natural epizootic. this strain, which was named leapi01, was compared with the kurstaki and aizawai strains isolated from dipel(r) and xentari(r), by electron microscopy, sds-page, plasmid pattern, pcr and insecticidal activity. this strain showed similar morphological and biochemical characteristics to the standard str ... | 2000 | 10971764 |
| thiafatty acids as tracers to investigate biosynthetic pathways of lepidopteran sex pheromones. | in order to investigate the potential utility of thiafatty acids as tracers for biosynthetic studies of moth sex pheromones, a series of thiatetradecanoic acids, namely 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, 12- and 13-thiatetradecanoic, were prepared and their metabolism was investigated in pheromone glands of spodoptera littoralis. analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry of extracts from pheromone glands treated with the above acids showed that only 8-thiatetradecanoic acid and 13-thiatetradeca ... | 2001 | 11222949 |
| comparative study on the susceptibility of cutworms (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to agrotis segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus and agrotis ipsilon nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the common cutworm (agrotis segetum) and the black cutworm (agrotis ipsilon) are serious soil pests of many vegetable and field crops all over the world. we have demonstrated the cross-infectivity of two baculoviruses, a. segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus (agsenpv) and a. ipsilon nucleopolyhedrovirus (agipnpv) for these two insect pests. the susceptibility of a. segetum to agipnpv was confirmed by dna restriction endonuclease analyses of dna isolated from virus harvested from infected a. segetum larv ... | 2003 | 14615215 |
| occurrence and linkage between secreted insecticidal toxins in natural isolates of bacillus thuringiensis. | little is known about the occurrence and linkage between secreted insecticidal virulence factors in natural populations of bacillus thuringiensis (bt). we carried out a survey of 392 bt strains isolated from various samples originating from 31 countries. the toxicity profile of the culture supernatants of these strains was determined individually against anthonomus grandis (coleoptera) and spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera). we analyzed beta-exotoxin i production and searched for the genes enco ... | 2003 | 14756535 |
| transcription and promoter analysis of pif, an essential but low-expressed baculovirus gene. | the pif gene (per os infectivity factor) of spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (splinpv) encodes a structural protein essential for oral infection. this protein is expressed in very low quantities. in this study, transcription and promoter analysis of splinpv pif were carried out to understand more fully the regulation of pif gene expression. transcription in the pif gene region was examined using rt-pcr, northern blot, primer extension, ribonuclease protection and 3' race. the pif gene ... | 2004 | 14769890 |
| the role of bacillus thuringiensis cry1c and cry1e separate structural domains in the interaction with spodoptera littoralis gut epithelial cells. | the bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins cry1c and cry1e share toxicity against several important lepidopteran species. their combined use to delay development of resistance in target insects depends on their differential interaction with the gut epithelial cells. the three structural domains and combinations of two consecutive domains of cry1c and cry1e were separately expressed in escherichia coli, and their interactions with the brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) of cry1e-tolerant and - ... | 2004 | 14963036 |
| characterization of a sterol carrier protein 2/3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase from the cotton leafworm (spodoptera littoralis): a lepidopteran mechanism closer to that in mammals than that in dipterans. | numerous invertebrate species belonging to several phyla cannot synthesize sterols de novo and rely on a dietary source of the compound. scpx (sterol carrier protein 2/3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase) is a protein involved in the trafficking of sterols and oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids. we have isolated scpx protein from spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm) and have subjected it to limited amino acid sequencing. a reverse-transcriptase pcr-based approach has been used to clone the cdna (1.9 ... | 2004 | 15149283 |
| comparison of anti-feedant and insecticidal activity of nimbin and salannin photo-oxidation products with neem (azadirachta indica) limonoids. | photo-oxidation of the neem limonoids nimbin and salannin with uv light in the presence of oxygen gives two isomeric lactone products per limonoid, nimbinolide and isonimbinolide, and salanninolide and isosalanninolide, respectively. when compared in insect tests with the important limonoids of neem seeds, azadirachtin, nimbin and salannin, isonimbinolide and isosalanninolide show activity greater than that of nimbin or salannin and in some respects show activity approaching that of azadirachtin ... | 2004 | 15154512 |
| virus entry or the primary infection cycle are not the principal determinants of host specificity of spodoptera spp. nucleopolyhedroviruses. | the multicapsid nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs) of spodoptera exigua (semnpv), spodoptera frugiperda (sfmnpv), and spodoptera littoralis (splinpv) are genetically similar (78 % similarity) but differ in their degree of host specificity. infection by each of the three npvs in these three spodoptera host species was determined by oral inoculation of larvae with occlusion bodies (obs) or intrahaemocoelic injection with occlusion derived virions (odvs). rt-pcr analysis of total rna from inoculated ins ... | 2004 | 15448346 |
| structural diversity and defensive properties of norditerpenoid alkaloids. | we have tested the insect antifeedant and toxic activity of 43 norditerpenoid alkaloids on spodoptera littoralis and leptinotarsa decemlineata including eserine (physostigmine), anabasine, and atropine. antifeedant effects of the test compounds were structure- and species-dependent. the most active antifeedants to l. decemlineata were 1,14-diacetylcardiopetaline (9) and 18-hydroxy- 14-o-methylgadesine (33), followed by 8-o-methylconsolarine (12), 14-o-acetyldelectinine (27), karakoline (7), card ... | 2004 | 15503527 |
| stages of infection during the tripartite interaction between xenorhabdus nematophila, its nematode vector, and insect hosts. | bacteria of the genus xenorhabdus are mutually associated with entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus steinernema and are pathogenic to a broad spectrum of insects. the nematodes act as vectors, transmitting the bacteria to insect larvae, which die within a few days of infection. we characterized the early stages of bacterial infection in the insects by constructing a constitutive green fluorescent protein (gfp)-labeled xenorhabdus nematophila strain. we injected the gfp-labeled bacteria into i ... | 2004 | 15528508 |
| expression and evolution of delta9 and delta11 desaturase genes in the moth spodoptera littoralis. | desaturation of fatty acids is a key reaction in the biosynthesis of moth sex pheromones. the main component of spodoptera littoralis sex pheromone blend is produced by the action of delta11 and delta9 desaturases. in this article, we report on the cloning of four desaturase-like genes in this species: one from the fat body (sls-fl1) and three (sls-fl2, sls-fl3 and sls-fl4) from the pheromone gland. by means of a computational/phylogenetic method, as well as functional assays, the desaturase gen ... | 2004 | 15544945 |
| stage-dependent expression of chelonus inanitus polydnavirus genes in the host and the parasitoid. | chelonus inanitus (braconidae) is a solitary egg-larval parasitoid of spodoptera littoralis (noctuidae). along with the egg it also injects polydnaviruses (civ) and venom, which are prerequisites for successful parasitoid development. civ protects the parasitoid from encapsulation by the host's immune system and induces a developmental arrest in the prepupal stage. the polydnavirus genome consists of several double-stranded circular dna segments. proviral dna is integrated in the wasp's genome a ... | 2004 | 15607504 |
| neuropeptides associated with the frontal ganglion of larval lepidoptera. | the occurrence of neuropeptides in the frontal ganglia of larvae of the tobacco hawkmoth, manduca sexta, the tomato moth, lacanobia oleracea and the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis was investigated using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc), matrix-assisted laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). only three types of peptides could be identified or assigned from frontal ganglion extracts; m. ... | 2005 | 15626500 |
| site-specific antiphagocytic function of the photorhabdus luminescens type iii secretion system during insect colonization. | photorhabdus is an entomopathogenic bacterium belonging to the enterobacteriaceae. the genome of the tt01 strain of photorhabdus luminescens was recently sequenced and a large number of toxin-encoding genes were found. genomic analysis predicted the presence on the chromosome of genes encoding a type three secretion system (ttss), the main role of which is the delivery of effector proteins directly into eukaryotic host cells. we report here the functional characterization of the ttss. the locus ... | 2005 | 15679839 |
| nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of the pif gene of spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (sfmnpv). | defective viruses, not transmissible alone, increase the transmissibility of complete genotypes in natural populations of spodoptera frugiperda multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (sfmnpv). the defective phenotype is associated with a 15 kb deletion, which includes the pif (per os infectivity factor) gene. the sequence of a 2.4 kb fragment that includes pif was determined. multiple transcripts encompassing pif were detected by northern blot analysis. rt-pcr and nuclease protection analysis demonstr ... | 2005 | 15681073 |
| modes of phagocytosis of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by spodoptera littoralis granular haemocytes. | haemocytes are the main immunocompetent cells in insect cellular immune reactions. here, we show that in spodoptera littoralis, granular haemocytes are the primary phagocyte haemocytes, both in vivo and in vitro. the "trigger" and "zipper" modes of engulfment known in mammal macrophages are active, in vivo, in s. littoralis granular haemocytes, together with macropinocytosis. lipopolysaccharide as well as lipoteichoic acid inhibit the binding of both gram-positive (corynebacterium xerosis) and g ... | 2005 | 15686644 |
| circadian mating activity and effect of pheromone pre-exposure on pheromone response rhythms in the moth spodoptera littoralis. | mating in moths is generally mediated by female-produced sex pheromones. mating activity, female pheromone production/release and male pheromone responsiveness all show diurnal variations in many species. we found that the response of the male egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis, to sex pheromone gland extracts showed a diel rhythm in olfactometer tests, and the variation was persistent for at least 1 day in constant darkness. high male response to sex pheromone was correlated in tim ... | 2005 | 15749110 |
| influence of the nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist, tebufenozide, on certain biological and physiological parameters of the cotton leaf-worm, spodoptera littoralis (boisd.) (noctuidae: lepidoptera) in egypt. | in egypt, cotton represents the most economical and important field crop. cotton plant is the target of different pest species from cultivation until harvest. the egyptian cotton leaf-worm, spodoptera littoralis (boisd.) (noctuidae: lepidoptera), is an important polyphagous insect pest attacking cotton, several cultivated crops and ornamentals worldwide. the integrated pest management (ipm) programs create the need for novel insecticides having more selective modes of action. so, the no steroida ... | 2004 | 15759403 |
| insecticidal and fungicidal activity of new synthesized chitosan derivatives. | chitosan, the n-deacetylated derivative of chitin, is a potential biopolysaccharide owing to its specific structure and properties. in this paper, we report on the synthesis of 24 new chitosan derivatives, n-alkyl chitosans (nac) and n-benzyl chitosans (nbc), that are soluble in dilute aqueous acetic acid. the different derivatives were synthesized by reductive amination and analyzed by 1h nmr spectroscopy. a high degree of substitution (ds) was obtained with n-(butyl)chitosan (ds 0.36) at a 1:1 ... | 2005 | 15999339 |
| the immediate-early protein ie0 of the autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus is not essential for viral replication. | the role of the autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) immediate-early protein ie0 in the baculoviral infection is not clear. in this study, we constructed the recombinant virus vacdeltaie0 null for ie0 expression by targeted mutagenesis replacing exon0 with the cat gene. we found that vacdeltaie0 replicated efficiently in spodoptera littoralis sl2 cells, which are poorly permissive for acmnpv. in contrast, in spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells, which are fully permissive for ... | 2005 | 16014970 |
| effects of bt maize-fed prey on the generalist predator poecilus cupreus l. (coleoptera: carabidae). | we investigated the effects of transgenic maize (zea mays) expressing bacillus thuringienses toxin (bt maize) on larval and adult poecilus cupreus carabid beetles in laboratory studies. in no-choice trials, neonate p. cupreus larvae were fed exclusively with spodoptera littoralis caterpillars, which had been raised on bt maize. s. littoralis raised on conventional maize or "high quality" calliphora sp. pupae were fed to the beetle larvae in two control treatments. bt-maize-fed caterpillar prey i ... | 2005 | 16022384 |
| effects of bt maize on the herbivore spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and the parasitoid cotesia marginiventris (hymenoptera: braconidae). | recent studies have shown that transgenic insect resistant plants can have negative effects on non-target herbivores as well as on beneficial insects. the study of tritrophic interactions gives insight into the complex mechanisms of food webs in the field and can easily be incorporated into a tiered risk assessment framework. we investigated the effects of transgenic maize (zea mays) expressing insecticidal proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt maize) on spodoptera littoralis, a non-t ... | 2005 | 16022385 |
| identification of the apoptosis inhibitor gene p49 of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. | baculoviruses possess two types of genes that suppressed apoptosis, p35 and inhibitor of apoptosis (iap). computer-assisted analysis indicated that spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) orf55 (designated as the p49 gene) display 79 and 31% amino acid identity with spodoptera littoralis (spli)mnpv p49 and autographa californica (ac)mnpv p35, respectively, splt mnpv putative p49 contains a peptide cleavage site tvtdg recognized by death caspases. in marker rescue assay, spl ... | 2005 | 16025239 |
| spodoptera littoralis caspase-1, a lepidopteran effector caspase inducible by apoptotic signaling. | the baculovirus autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) can successfully infect spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells, but in contrast, in spodoptera littoralis sl2 cells it induces apoptosis aborting the infection. to understand better the mechanism of induction and execution of apoptosis in sl2 cells, we identified and characterized the first spodoptera littoralis caspase, sl-caspase-1. sl-caspase-1 is an effector caspase that cleaves devd but not ietd and lehd substrates, and ... | 2005 | 16133869 |
| beetle-specific bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa toxin reduces larval growth and curbs reproduction in spodoptera littoralis (boisd.). | application of bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (bt) and expression of the bt protein cry3aa in genetically modified crops are used for targeted control of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). the cry3a proteins are selectively toxic for the beetles but the present study describes effects of cry3aa on the egyptian armyworm, spodoptera littoralis (boisduval). cry3aa expressed in potatoes or added to an agar-base wheat-germ diet reduced the growth of s. littoralis caterpil ... | 2005 | 16152673 |
| insecticidal effects of buthus occitanus tunetanus botit6 toxin expressed in escherichia coli and baculovirus/insect cells. | botit6 is a neurotoxin polypeptide derived from the venom of the scorpion buthus occitanus tunetanus (bot). its mature form is composed of 62 amino acids. botit6 has been reported to be the most potent toxin from bot venom that has a strict selectivity for insects. such toxin may have potential as a potent animal-harmless tool against insects. using rt-pcr, we isolated and sequenced a cdna encoding 62 amino acid residues corresponding to the known amino acid sequence of botit6. we have expressed ... | 2005 | 16216259 |
| comparative biological activities of a plaque-purified variant and a turkish native isolate of splinpv-b against spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the noctuid moth spodoptera littoralis (boisduval) is an important pest of many cultivated plants worldwide and five different geographical nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) strains of this pest have been isolated to date. two of these, a plaque-purified variant of the s. littoralis npv from morocco (splinpv-m2) and a splinpv isolated from field-infected s. littoralis larvae found in turkey (splinpv-tr1), were compared biologically in terms of infectiveness (median lethal dose, ld50) for third instars ... | 2006 | 16235266 |
| insecticidal activity of some essential oils against larvae of spodoptera littoralis. | thirty-four essential oils were tested for insecticidal activity (fumigation or topical application) against larvae spodoptera littoralis. twenty essential oils applied by fumigation were highly toxic to the third instar of s. littoralis larvae. two essential oils nepeta cataria and thuja occidentalis were highly toxic, with lc50< or =10.0 ml/m3. five essential oils salvia sclarea, thymus mastichina, origanum majorana, pogostemon cablin and mentha pulegium were toxic with lc50 between 10.1 and 2 ... | 2005 | 16236461 |
| antioxidant enzymes in spodoptera littoralis (boisduval): are they enhanced to protect gut tissues during oxidative stress? | the egyptian armyworm spodoptera littoralis is a polyphagous insect attacking a number of plant species including those belonging to the solanaceae and cruciferaceae families. its digestive physiology must therefore adapt to the food plant to ensure maximum extraction of nutrients with minimum trade-off in terms of growth retardation by pro-oxidant allelochemicals. to investigate this, the caterpillars of s. littoralis were fed on a semi-artificial diet (manduca premix-heliothis premix) and for ... | 2006 | 16242709 |
| specificity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin. | the insecticidal activity of the delta-endotoxins of 14 bacillus thuringiensis strains belonging to 12 subspecies was determined against pieris brassicae, heliothis virescens, and spodoptera littoralis. larvae of p. brassicae were highly susceptible to purified crystals of strains of b. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis and b. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni, whereas h. virescens responded best to b. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae and b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. the crystals of the b. thuring ... | 1987 | 16347299 |
| measurement of surface charge of baculovirus polyhedra. | the isoelectric points of three baculoviruses, trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv), t. ni granulosis virus, and spodoptera littoralis npv were identified by cell electrophoresis. at neutral ph polyhedra were negatively charged. t. ni npv polyhedra were reacted with a number of reagents which could potentially attach to or degrade their surface structure. this gave information on the components that contribute to the charge profile of t. ni npv. this is discussed in relation to the u ... | 1987 | 16347308 |
| monoclonal antibody analysis and insecticidal spectrum of three types of lepidopteran-specific insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis. | we have investigated the protein composition and the insecticidal spectrum of crystals of 29 bacillus thuringiensis strains active against lepidopteran larvae. all crystals contained proteins of 130 to 140 kilodaltons (kda) which could be grouped into three types by the molecular weight of the protoxin and the trypsin-activated core fragment. proteins of the three types showed a characteristic insecticidal spectrum when tested against five lepidopteran species. type a crystal proteins were proto ... | 1988 | 16347711 |
| identification of a delta-endotoxin gene product specifically active against spodoptera littoralis bdv. among proteolysed fractions of the insecticidal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.29. | at least three different insecticidal crystal protein genes were shown to be expressed in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.29, a strain that is potentially active against the cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis bdv. among crude k-60 fractions (60- to 70-kilodalton [kda] molecules) that were products of proteolysed crystals containing the active domains of the protoxin molecules, we were able to distinguish several distinct components on the basis of their antigenic relationship and thei ... | 1988 | 16347771 |
| distribution, frequency, and diversity of bacillus thuringiensis in an animal feed mill. | bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from 36 of 50 residue samples obtained from an animal feed mill (a stored-product environment). of 710 selected colonies having bacillus cereus-b. thuringiensis morphology isolated from the samples, 477 were classified as b. thuringiensis because of production of parasporal delta-endotoxin crystals. there was a diverse population of b. thuringiensis, as revealed by differentiation of the isolates into 36 subgroups by using (i) their spectra of toxicity to the ... | 1992 | 16348699 |
| changes in permeability of brush border membrane vesicles from spodoptera littoralis midgut induced by insecticidal crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) are thought to induce pore formation in midgut cell membranes of susceptible insects. cry1ca, which is significantly active in spodoptera littoralis, made brush border membrane vesicles permeable to kcl (osmotic swelling was monitored by the light scattering technique); the marginally active icps cry1aa, cry1ab, and cry1ac did not. | 1998 | 16349555 |
| development and predation of picromerus bidens (heteroptera: pentatomidae) on spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae) at different constant temperatures. | | 2005 | 16366301 |
| structural relationships, distribution and biological activities of stemona alkaloids. | stemona alkaloids represent a unique class of natural products exclusively isolated from the monocotyledonous family stemonaceae comprising three genera mainly distributed in southeast asia. structurally the alkaloids are characterised by a pyrrolo[1,2- a]azepine nucleus usually linked with two carbon chains mostly forming terminal lactone rings. based on biosynthetic considerations and their various distribution the present review describes 82 stemona alkaloids grouped into three skeletal types ... | 2006 | 16491444 |
| the phytopathogen dickeya dadantii (erwinia chrysanthemi 3937) is a pathogen of the pea aphid. | dickeya dadantii (erwinia chrysanthemi) is a phytopathogenic bacterium causing soft rot diseases on many crops. the sequencing of its genome identified four genes encoding homologues of the cyt family of insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis, which are not present in the close relative pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum. the pathogenicity of d. dadantii was tested on the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum, and the bacterium was shown to be highly virulent for this insect, either ... | 2006 | 16517643 |
| potato expressing beetle-specific bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa toxin reduces performance of a moth. | expression of the bacillus thuringiensis beetle-specific toxin cry3aa, which renders a genetically modified potato cultivar resistant to the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata, exerts a deleterious effect on the polyphagous moth spodoptera littoralis. the caterpillars of s. littoralis feed less and produce smaller pupae on the genetically modified cultivar (newleaf superior) than on the parental nontransgenic cultivar (superior). the conversion efficiencies of total dry matter, com ... | 2006 | 16525866 |
| insect-antifeedant and antibacterial activity of diterpenoids from species of plectranthus. | bio-assay guided fractionation of an acetone extract of leaf material from plectranthus saccatus benth. resulted in the isolation of a beyerane diterpenoid. this compound, characterised by spectroscopic methods as ent-3beta-(3-methyl-2-butenoyl)oxy-15-beyeren-19-oic acid, showed insect antifeedant activity against spodoptera littoralis. known quinonoid abietane diterpenoids obtained from new sources included a mixture of the (4r,19r) and (4r,19s) diastereoisomers of coleon a from p. aff. puberul ... | 2006 | 16631828 |
| spider venom toxin protects plants from insect attack. | many of the toxin proteins, that have been heterogeneously expressed in agricultural crops to provide resistance to insect pests, are too specific or are only mildly effective against the major insect pests. spider venoms are a complex cocktail of toxins that have evolved specifically to kill insects. here we show that the omega-actx-hv1a toxin (hvt), a component of the venom of the australian funnel web spider (hadronyche versuta) that is a calcium channel antagonist, retains its biological act ... | 2006 | 16779650 |
| alkaline protease associated with virus particles of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus: assay, purification, and properties. | proteolytic activity was detected within polyhedra of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of spodoptera littoralis. the enzyme activity was detected by its ability to degrade the major structural polypeptide of polyhedra (polyhedrin). a quantitative assessment of activity was made by a radioassay technique using (3)h-labeled polyhedrin as the substrate. of the structural components of polyhedra, virus particles showed the greatest specific proteolytic activity. preparations of purified nucleocapsids ... | 1978 | 16789169 |
| response of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed spodoptera littoralis larvae to baculovirus infection. | the mediterranean lepidopteran pest spodoptera littoralis is highly resistant to infection with the autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) via the oral route, but highly sensitive to infection with budded virus (bv) via the intrahaemocoelic route. to study the fate of acmnpv infection in s. littoralis, vhsgfp, an acmnpv recombinant that expresses the reporter green fluorescent protein gene under the control of the drosophila heat-shock promoter, and high-resolution fluores ... | 2006 | 16847117 |
| enhancement of fungicidal and insecticidal activity by reductive alkylation of chitosan. | a series of n-alkyl chitosan (nac) derivatives were synthesized using a reductive alkylation reaction to examine their fungicidal and insecticidal activity. the chemical structures were characterized by ir and (1)h nmr spectroscopy, and the degree of substitution (ds) ranged from 0.02 to 0.37. their fungicidal activity was evaluated against the grey mould botrytis cinerea pers ex fr (leotiales: sclerotiniaceae) and the rice leaf blast pathogen pyricularia grisea sacc [teleomorph: magnaporthe gri ... | 2006 | 16847817 |
| biosynthesis of 10,12-dienoic fatty acids by a bifunctional delta11 desaturase in spodoptera littoralis. | in the biosynthetic pathway of spodoptera littoralis sex pheromone, (e,e)-10,12-tetradecadienoic acid is produced from (z)-11-tetradecenoic acid by desaturation and concomitant migration of the precursor double bond. with the aim of identifying the enzyme involved in this biotransformation, yeast deltaelo1/deltaole mutants, which are both elongase 1 and delta9 desaturase-deficient, were transformed with the s. littoralis delta11 desaturase gene using a cu+2 inducible expression vector. the trans ... | 2006 | 16876706 |
| characterization in relation to development of an ecdysteroid agonist-responsive cytochrome p450, cyp18a1, in lepidoptera. | cytochrome p450 enzymes are involved in a number of steps in ecdysteroid (moulting hormone) homeostasis in insects. we report the cloning and characterization of an ecdysteroid agonist-responsive cytochrome p450, cyp18a1, from the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. northern blot analysis showed that the mrna transcript was expressed at times of increasing ecdysteroid titre in final instar s. littoralis larvae and was induced by the ecdysteroid receptor agonist, rh-5992, in midgut and fat bo ... | 2006 | 16884680 |
| pleiotropic role of quorum-sensing autoinducer 2 in photorhabdus luminescens. | bacterial virulence is an integrative process that may involve quorum sensing. in this work, we compared by global expression profiling the wild-type entomopathogenic photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii tt01 to a luxs-deficient mutant unable to synthesize the type 2 quorum-sensing inducer ai-2. ai-2 was shown to regulate more than 300 targets involved in most compartments and metabolic pathways of the cell. ai-2 is located high in the hierarchy, as it controls the expression of several tra ... | 2006 | 17021191 |
| delta11 desaturases of trichoplusia ni and spodoptera littoralis exhibit dual catalytic behaviour. | the delta(11) desaturases found in moths such as spodoptera littoralis play a critical role in the biosynthesis of their sex pheromones. the ability to functionally express these enzymes in yeast has allowed one to study the transformation of long-chain fatty acyl substrates to their 11-ene products in greater mechanistic detail. in this article, we report on the detection and quantitation of a minor 11-hydroxylated byproduct (0.1% of total fatty acids), which is formed by the delta(11) desatura ... | 2006 | 17027848 |
| effects of temperature on predation by the stinkbugs picromerus bidens and podisus maculiventris (heteroptera: pentatomidae) on noctuid caterpillars. | environmental risks associated with the use of non-indigenous organisms for augmentative biological control have received growing attention. in europe, the native pentatomid predator picromerus bidens (linnaeus) has been considered a potential alternative to the north american pentatomid podisus maculiventris (say) for the control of lepidopteran, coleopteran and hymenopteran defoliator pests. in the current study, prey consumption and developmental duration of the predatory stages of p. bidens ... | 2006 | 17092360 |
| antifeedant c20 diterpene alkaloids. | we have tested the insect antifeedant and toxic activity of 21 c20 diterpenoid alkaloids on spodoptera littoralis and leptinotarsa decemlineata. the antifeedant effects of the test compounds were structure- and species-dependent. the most active antifeedants to l. decemlineata and s. littoralis were the rearranged form of hetisine (20; ec50 = 1.7 microg/cm2) and 19-oxodihydroatisine (9; ec50 = 0.1 microg/cm2), resp. glandulosine (8) moderately affected orally injected s. littoralis larvae. a few ... | 2004 | 17191910 |
| growth and mitogenic effects of arylphorin in vivo and in vitro. | in insects, developmental responses are organ- and tissue-specific. in previous studies of insect midgut cells in primary tissue cultures, growth-promoting and differentiation factors were identified from the growth media, hemolymph, and fat body. recently, it was determined that the mitogenic effect of a manduca sexta fat body extract on midgut stem cells of heliothis virescens was due to the presence of monomeric alpha-arylphorin. here we report that in primary midgut cell cultures, this same ... | 2007 | 17212351 |
| ectopically expressed leaf and bulb lectins from garlic (allium sativum l.) protect transgenic tobacco plants against cotton leafworm (spodoptera littoralis). | the insecticidal activity of the leaf (asal) and bulb (asaii) agglutinins from allium sativum l. (garlic) against the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis boisd. (lepidoptera: noctuidae) was studied using transgenic tobacco plants expressing the lectins under the control of the constitutive camv35s promoter. pcr analysis confirmed that the garlic lectin genes were integrated into the plant genome. western blots and semi-quantitative agglutination assays revealed lectin expression at various le ... | 2008 | 17265166 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of bombyx mori sterol carrier protein x/sterol carrier protein 2 (scpx/scp2) gene. | cholesterol transport is a very important process in insect. we have isolated the bombyx mori sterol carrier protein x (bmscpx) cdna and sterol carrier protein 2 (bmscp2) cdna: a 1.7 kb clone encoding scpx, a 3-ketoacyl coa thiolase, and 0.6 kb clone presumably encoding scp2, which is thought to be an intracellular lipid transfer protein. interestingly, the identical gene scpx/scp2 encodes the two types of transcripts by alternative splicing mechanism in bombyx mori. the scpx mrna spans two exon ... | 2006 | 17343205 |
| efficacy of some plant oils alone and/or combined with different insecticides on the cotton leaf-worm spodoptera littoralis (boisd.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in egypt. | the present work was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of two essential oils ((flax or "linseed" and sesame ), five volatile plant oils ( camphor, red basil, rose, menthol and clove ), four pesticides (methoxyfenozide; permethrin; profenofos and spinosad) and their mixtures on the cotton leaf-worm spodoptera littoralis (boisd.). this study was also devoted to minimize the usage of conventional insecticides, reduce the environmental pollution, and protect human-beings and domestic animals from ... | 2006 | 17385497 |
| diversity in pathogenicity of steinernema carpocapsae and its symbiotic bacterium for spodoptera spp. | pathogenicity of five isolates of steinernema carpocapsae (ger: germany, buw: becker underwood, kop: koppert, cz: czech republic, bel: belgium) were tested against the fourth instar larvae of the cotton leaf worm, spodoptera littoralis and the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25, and 50 infective juveniles/cm2) in petri dishes (9 cm dia.) lined with filter paper. results obtained after 48 h exposure indicated that the pathogenicity ... | 2006 | 17390810 |
| impact of a turkish isolate and a plaque-purified variant of splinpv-b on larval stage development of spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae) boisd. | baculoviruses can alter the development and physiological status of their insect hosts. in the present study, two spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedroviruses (splinpv-tr1 and splinpv-m2) were examined in terms of their effect on the stage development of s. littoralis at two doses/concentrations by inoculation of neonates or third instars. both isolates had an acute pathological effect on neonates. however, larval development was prolonged (6-36 h) by either infection when neonates were infected ... | 2007 | 17437256 |
| a new steroid glycoside and furochromones from cyperus rotundus l. | further phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of cyperus rotundus l. afforded a new steroid glycoside named sitosteryl (6'-hentriacontanoyl)-beta-d-galactopyranoside (4) in addition to three furochromones, khellin (2), visnagin (3) and ammiol (9). furthermore, benzo-alpha-pyrone (coumarin) (1), salicylic acid (5), caffeic acid (6), protocatechuic acid (7), p-coumaric acid (8), tricin (10) and isorhamnetin (11) were isolated. the structures of these compounds were established by spectro ... | 2007 | 17479423 |
| a potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor gene provides pathogen resistance in transgenic rice. | a defensive role against insect attack has been traditionally attributed to plant protease inhibitors. here, evidence is described of the potential of a plant protease inhibitor, the potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor (pci), to provide resistance to fungal pathogens when expressed in rice as a heterologous protein. it is shown that rice plants constitutively expressing the pci gene exhibit resistance against the economically important pathogens magnaporthe oryzae and fusarium verticillioides. a m ... | 2007 | 17547659 |
| biosafety of recombinant and wild type nucleopolyhedroviruses as bioinsecticides. | the entomopathogenic autographa californica (speyer) nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) has been genetically modified to increase its speed of kill. the potential adverse effects of a recombinant acmnpv (acaait) as well as wild type acmnpv and wild type spodoptera littoralis npv (slnpv) were studied. cotton plants were treated with these viruses at concentrations that were adjusted to resemble the recommended field application rate (4 x 10(12) pibs/feddan, feddan = 4,200 m2) and 3rd instar larvae of ... | 2007 | 17617674 |
| larvicidal activities against agricultural pests of transgenic escherichia coli expressing combinations of four genes from bacillus thuringiensis. | the genes cry1ac and cry1ca from bacillus thuringiensis subsps. kurstaki hd-73 and aizawai 4j4, respectively, encoding delta-endotoxins against lepidopteran larvae were isolated, cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, with and without cyt1aa (encoding cytolytic protein) and p20 (accessory protein) from subsp. israelensis. nine combinations of the genes under control of an early t7, p a1 inducible promoter, produced the encoding proteins. toxicities were examined against larvae of three major ... | 2007 | 17665174 |
| bioactivity of two major constituents isolated from the essential oil of artemisia judaica l. | the essential oil of artemisia judaica l., grown on sinai peninsula of egypt, was extracted via hydrodistillation. chromatographic separation on repeated silica gel columns led to isolate two compounds namely piperitone and trans-ethyl cinnamate. insecticidal, antifeedant and antifungal properties of the isolated compounds were examined. both compounds showed pronounced insecticidal and antifeedant activity against the third instar larvae of spodoptera littoralis (boisd). trans-ethyl cinnamate ( ... | 2008 | 18054484 |
| the hcar regulatory protein of photorhabdus luminescens affects the production of proteins involved in oxidative stress and toxemia. | comparison of the proteomes of wild-type photorhabdus luminescens and its hcar derivative, grown in insect hemolymph, showed that hcar disruption decreased the production of toxins (tcda1, mcf, and pirab) and proteins involved in oxidative stress response (soda, ahpc, gor). the disruption of hcar did not affect growth rate in insects, but did delay the virulence of p. luminescens in bombyx mori and spodoptera littoralis larvae. this delayed virulence was associated with a lower toxemia rather th ... | 2007 | 18072208 |
| characterization of an egyptian spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus and a possible use of a highly conserved region from polyhedrin gene for nucleopolyhedrovirus detection. | an egyptian isolate of spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (splinpv) was tested for its potential as biocontrol agent in comparison to autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv). comparative assays of splinpv and acmnpv against 2nd instar larvae of spodoptera littoralis revealed 4-fold greater susceptibility of s. littoralis to acmnpv than to splinpv based on lc50 values for the two viruses. the lt50s determined for splinpv and acmnpv using lc50 of the virus against 2nd ... | 2008 | 18215282 |
| compatibility of endoparasitoid hyposoter didymator (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae) protected stages with five selected insecticides. | hyposoter didymator (thunberg) (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae) is a koinobiont endoparasitoid that emerges from the parasitization of economically important noctuid pests. h. didymator also is considered one of the most important native biocontrol agents of noctuids in spain. side effects of five insecticides with very different modes of action (fipronil, imidacloprid, natural pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide, pymetrozine, and triflumuron) at the maximum field recommended rate in spain were evaluate ... | 2007 | 18232395 |
| bioactive triterpene derivatives from latex of two euphorbia species. | we have investigated the antifeedant and toxic effects of 23 semisynthetic terpenoid derivatives obtained through chemical modifications of the major components of euphorbia resinifera (alpha-euphol and alpha-euphorbol) and e. officinarum (obtusifoliol and 31-norlanostenol) latex on several insect species (spodoptera littoralis, myzus persicae and rhopalosiphum padi), their selective cytotoxicity on insect sf9 and mammalian cho cells and their phytotoxic effects on lactuca sativa. the conversion ... | 2008 | 18304594 |
| joint action of quercetin with four insecticides on the cotton leaf-worm larvae, spodoptera littoralis boisd. (lep. : noctuidae) in egypt. | the naturally occurring phytoncidal chemical component of some plant- species are responsible for controlling and/or repelling insects from host plants. the use of natural products, readily available in the environment, to control the cotton leafworm, could be of help in reducing the need for applying the synthetic conventional insecticides . moreover, crude vegetable oils application is quite safer to the non targets and the environment. the use of sex attractant pheromones as predicative tools ... | 2007 | 18399473 |
| biological performance of quercetin on the cotton leaf-worm larvae, spodoptera littoralis boisd. (lep., noctuidae) and prevailing natural enemies in the egyptian cotton fields. | the egyptian cotton (gossypium barbadense l.) accounts for 65 % of the world production of long stable cultivars. taking into consideration the competition of other cotton producing countries, it should be of great importance to control pests, which attack the cotton plants to improve the yield and its quality. the main objective of this study is to develop new approaches for the management of the cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis boisd. within an ipm program, that include synthetic insectic ... | 2007 | 18399494 |
| predicted versus expressed adipokinetic hormones, and other small peptides from the corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum: a case study with beetles and moths. | this mass spectrometric study confines itself to peptide masses in the range of 500-1500da. adipokinetic hormones (akhs) that are predicted from the genome of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, and the silk moth, bombyx mori, are shown to exist as expressed peptides in the corpora cardiaca (cc) of the respective species as evidenced by various mass spectrometric methods. additionally, some related species were included in this study, such as the tenebrionid beetles tribolium brevicornis ... | 2008 | 18448200 |
| antifeedant activity of some polygodial derivatives. | polygodial (1) and its derivatives acetal 2 (propylene) and 3 (ethylene) were prepared and their antifeedant activity and toxic effects evaluated on several insect species with different feeding ecologies (spodoptera littoralis, leptinotarsa decemlineata, myzus persicae and rhopalosiphum padi) along with that of polygonone (4). we also tested their selective cytotoxic effects on insect-derived (spodoptera frugiperda ovarian sf9 cells) and mammalian chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. the antifeed ... | 2008 | 18533465 |
| induction of a nonoccluded baculovirus persistently infecting heliothis zea cells by heliothis armigera and trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. | a nonoccluded singly enveloped baculovirus (baculovirus x) persistently infects heliothis zea (imc-hz-1) cells in culture. singly enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from h. zea and heliothis armigera, and multiply enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from trichoplusia ni, spodoptera frugiperda, and spodoptera littoralis were all found to induce baculovirus x. experiments are reported which use metabolic inhibitors and inactivated inducing virus to show that it is probable that a structural ... | 1981 | 18635066 |
| dna restriction-pattern differences from geographic isolates of spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | two nuclear polyhedrosis viruses were isolated from spodoptera littoralis larvae collected from several areas in israel. the two viruses were characterized and compared by restriction endonuclease cleavage of their dna and southern blot hybridization. the two viruses have no detectable sequence homology. a variant, homologous to the more common virus isolate, was also found. | 1982 | 18635146 |
| hahb4, a sunflower hd-zip protein, integrates signals from the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways during wounding and biotic stress responses. | the helianthus annuus (sunflower) hahb4 transcription factor belongs to the hd-zip family and its transcript levels are strongly induced when sunflower plants are attacked by herbivores, mechanically damaged or treated with methyl-jasmonic acid (meja) or ethylene (et). promoter fusion analysis, in arabidopsis and in sunflower, demonstrated that induction of hahb4 expression by these treatments is regulated at the transcriptional level. in transiently transformed sunflower plants hahb4 expression ... | 2008 | 18643970 |
| independently silencing two photosynthetic proteins in nicotiana attenuata has different effects on herbivore resistance. | insect attack frequently down-regulates photosynthetic proteins. to understand how this influences the plant-insect interaction, we transformed nicotiana attenuata to independently silence ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubpcase) activase (rca) and rubpcase and selected lines whose photosynthetic capacity was similarly reduced. decreases in plant growth mirrored the decreases in photosynthesis, but the effects on herbivore performance differed. both generalist (spodoptera litto ... | 2008 | 18723666 |
| in vitro and in vivo effects of myo-active peptides on larvae of the tomato moth lacanobia oleracea and the cotton leaf worm spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera; noctuidae). | neuropeptides from five different neuropeptide families [manduca sexta allatostatin (manse-as), and manse-as deletion analogue(5-15), m. sexta allatotropin (manse-at), leucomyosuppressin, perisulfakinin, and myoinhibitory peptide i (mip i)] were assayed for their ability to affect the development and food consumption of penultimate and last larval instars of two lepidopteran species, l. oleracea and s. littoralis. injections of manse-as deletion analogue(5-15), manse-at, perisulfakinin, and mip ... | 2008 | 18780345 |
| the effect of vibrio alginolyticus infection on caspase-3 expression and activity in white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei. | complementary (c)dna encoding cysteine aspartate protease-3 (caspase-3) messenger (m)rna of the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei was obtained from haemocytes by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) using oligonucleotide primers based on the caspase sequences of penaeus merguiensis, spodoptera frugiperda, spodoptera littoralis, and penaeus monodon. the 1212-bp cdna contained an open reading frame (orf) of 951bp, a 56-bp 5'-untrans ... | 2008 | 18840531 |
| plant enemy-derived elicitors increase the foliar tannin concentration of onobrychis viciifolia without a trade-off to growth. | molecular experiments suggest that the regulation of the biosynthesis of condensed tannin (ct) is sensitive to the presence of plant enemies. the enemy-specific response of ct concentrations to simulated attacks by pathogenic fungi, bacteria or herbivores was studied in onobrychis viciifolia grown at four levels of nutrient availability. it was hypothesized that ct concentrations increase in response to an attack, and that constitutive and induced levels of ct are higher at low than at high nutr ... | 2008 | 18845664 |
| an amphiphilic, pk/pban analog is a selective pheromonotropic antagonist that penetrates the cuticle of a heliothine insect. | a linear pyrokinin (pk)/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pban) antagonist lead (ryf[df]prla) was structurally modified to impart amphiphilic properties to enhance its ability to transmigrate the hydrophobic cuticle of noctuid moth species and yet retain aqueous solubility in the hemolymph to reach target pk/pban receptors within the internal insect environment. the resulting novel pk/pban analog, hex-suc-a[df]prla (ppk-aa), was synthesized and evaluated as an antagonist in a phero ... | 2009 | 18992778 |
| 3-o-acetyl-narcissidine, a bioactive alkaloid from hippeastrum puniceum lam. (amaryllidaceae). | in the context of the study on plant defensive compounds we have isolated the main alkaloid from hippeastrum puniceum (amaryllidaceae), 3-o-acetyl-narcissidine (1), and its biological activities tested against two divergent insect species and several plant species. 1 was isolated from the bioactive alkaloidal fraction of h. puniceum. its chemical structure was established by spectroscopic analysis. the biological activity tests showed that 1 is an antifeedant against the polyphagous insect spodo ... | 2008 | 19040099 |
| bt maize fed-prey mediated effect on fitness and digestive physiology of the ground predator poecilus cupreus l. (coleoptera: carabidae). | we investigated the effects of a bt maize hybrid on fitness and digestive physiology of the ground-dwelling predator poecilus cupreus l., as compared with the near-isogenic hybrid. a tritrophic assay revealed that there was a great decline in the detection of cry1ab toxin through the trophic chain, the concentration of the toxin being 945, 349 and 37 ng g(-1) of fresh weight in bt maize leaves, spodoptera littoralis (boisduval) larvae and p. cupreus larvae, respectively. moreover, the toxin was ... | 2009 | 19041318 |
| screening spanish isolates of steinernematid nematodes for use as biological control agents through laboratory and greenhouse microcosm studies. | entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) are one of the best non-chemical alternatives for insect pest control, with native epn strains that are adapted to local conditions considered to be ideal candidates for regional biological control programs. virulence screening of 17 native mediterranean epn strains was performed to select the most promising strain for regional insect pest control. steinernema feltiae (filipjev) (rhabditida: steinernematidae) rioja strain produced 7%, 91% and 33% larval mortalit ... | 2009 | 19073191 |
| the effects of different prey regimes on the proteolytic digestion of nymphs of the spined soldier bug, podisus maculiventris (hemiptera: pentatomidae). | the effects of different prey regimes on the performance and digestive physiology of the spined soldier bug, podisus maculiventris (say) (hemiptera: pentatomidae), were assessed. specifically, p. maculiventris nymphs were fed on colorado potato beetle (cpb), leptinotarsa decemlineata say (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), larvae; egyptian cotton leafworm (ecw); spodoptera littoralis (boisduval) (lepidoptera: noctuidae); larvae; calliphora spp. (cal) (diptera: calliphoridae) pupae or a mixture of the t ... | 2009 | 19203402 |
| spodoptera littoralis-induced lectin expression in tobacco. | the induced defense response in plants towards herbivores is mainly regulated by jasmonates and leads to the accumulation of so-called jasmonate-induced proteins. recently, a jasmonate (ja) inducible lectin called nicotiana tabacum agglutinin or nictaba was discovered in tobacco (n. tabacum cv samsun) leaves. tobacco plants also accumulate the lectin after insect attack by caterpillars. to study the functional role of nictaba, the accumulation of the ja precursor 12-oxophytodienoic acid (opda), ... | 2009 | 19416954 |
| heterologous expression of bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein-encoding gene vip3lb in photorhabdus temperata strain k122 and oral toxicity against the lepidoptera ephestia kuehniella and spodoptera littoralis. | photorhabdus temperata and bacillus thuringiensis are entomopathogenic bacteria exhibiting toxicities against different insect larvae. vegetative insecticidal protein vip3lb is a bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein secreted during the vegetative growth stage exhibiting lepidopteran specificity. in this study, we focused for the first time on the heterologous expression of vip3lb gene in photorhabdus temperata strain k122. firstly, western blot analyses of whole cultures of recombinant ph ... | 2009 | 19462262 |
| pban receptor: employment of anti-receptor antibodies for its characterization and for development of a microplate binding assay. | this study describes generation of an anti-pban receptor (pban-r) antiserum and its employment for the characterization of the pk/pban-r(s). the antiserum recognized, in a specific and dose-dependent manner, the presence of pban-r in pheromone gland membrane preparations of three female moths: heliothis peltigera, helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera littoralis. it also reacted specifically with the s. littoralis larval receptor in vivo, most likely by competing with the ligand on the binding sit ... | 2009 | 19482031 |
| ala-val-phe and val-phe: ace inhibitory peptides derived from insect protein with antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | in this study, we evaluated the stability/bioavailability and in vivo antihypertensive activity of the tripeptide, ala-val-phe, that was recently purified from insect protein (spodoptera littoralis; lepidoptera) and that showed in vitro angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) inhibitory activity. this tripeptide is partly hydrolyzed by mucosal peptidases to val-phe, a more potent in vitro ace inhibitor. in organ bath experiments using rat aorta, val-phe showed ace inhibition, while ala-val-phe did n ... | 2010 | 19524628 |