Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| regulation of ecdysteroid signalling during drosophila development: identification, characterization and modelling of ecdysone oxidase, an enzyme involved in control of ligand concentration. | the steroidal moulting hormones (ecdysteroids) mediate developmental transitions in insects, and their regulation is mainly controlled by the production and inactivation of these steroid hormones at the appropriate developmental times. one route of metabolism of ecdysteroids in insects involves eo (ecdysone oxidase)-catalysed conversion into 3-dehydroecdysteroid, which undergoes reduction to the corresponding 3-epiecdysteroid. by a twin-stranded bioinformatics approach, employing both phylogenom ... | 0 | 15813704 |
| screening of uruguayan plants for deterrent activity against insects. | we evaluated the anti-insectan activity of extracts from different vegetative parts of ten plant species native to uruguay. the selected plants belong to five families: bignoniaceae: clytostoma callistegioides, dolichandra cynanchoides, macfadyena unguis-cati; sapindaceae: dodonaea viscosa, allophylus edulis, serjania meridionalis; lamiaceae: salvia procurrens, salvia guaranitica; solanaceae: lycium cestroides; and phytolaccaceae: phytolacca dioica. the extracts were evaluated in independent bio ... | 0 | 20046902 |
| electron-microscopic studies on hemocytes of the egyptian cottonworm, spodoptera littoralis (boisduval) infected with a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus, as compared to noninfected hemocytes. i. noninfected hemocytes. | 1969 | 5385137 | |
| labelling the adults of the tobacco caterpillar spodoptera littoralis (boisd.) (prodenia littura f.; noctuidae: lepidoptera) with p32. | 1971 | 5556459 | |
| penetration and biodegradation of carbaryl in susceptible and resistant strains of the egyptian cotton leafworm. | 1971 | 20333837 | |
| status of carbaryl and ddt resistance in laboratory-reared egyptian cotton leafworm. | 1971 | 5122315 | |
| the herbicide eptam 6-e: a selective female chemosterilant for the egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. | 1971 | 5139501 | |
| the feeding response of the larva of the egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis boisd., to sugars and related compounds. 3. biochemical and enzymological aspects of sucrose consumption. | 1973 | 4145425 | |
| control of spodoptera littoralis larvae on cotton in turkey with dithiolane iminophosphate insecticides. | 1973 | 4690274 | |
| field evaluation of the four synthetic components of the sex pheromone of spodoptera littoralis and their improvement with an antioxidant. | 1974 | 4827149 | |
| improvement of the attractiveness of spodoptera littoralis sex pheromone, and its possible use in safety belts around cultivated areas to control the pest in israel. | a comparison of the field attractiveness of five samples of american-synthesized and one sample of japanese-synthesized (z,e)-9,11-tetradecadien-1-01 acetate (9,11-tdda), the sex pheromone of spodoptera littoralis boisd. and s. litura (f.), showed that traps baited with one of the american-produced samples and the japanese product were equally effective in attracting and capturing s. littoralis males in cotton and alfalfa fields of israel. optimum captures were obtained for periods up to three m ... | 1975 | 1204592 |
| the feeding response of the larva of the egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis boisd., to sugars and related compounds--iv. ingestion and excretion of some phagostimulatory weak or inactive carbohydrates. | 1975 | 236862 | |
| alkaline protease associated with virus particles of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus: assay, purification, and properties. | proteolytic activity was detected within polyhedra of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of spodoptera littoralis. the enzyme activity was detected by its ability to degrade the major structural polypeptide of polyhedra (polyhedrin). a quantitative assessment of activity was made by a radioassay technique using (3)h-labeled polyhedrin as the substrate. of the structural components of polyhedra, virus particles showed the greatest specific proteolytic activity. preparations of purified nucleocapsids ... | 1978 | 16789169 |
| insect lysozymes from three species of lepidoptera: their structural relatedness to the c (chicken) type lysozyme. | sequence studies of the n-terminal halves of the lysozymes isolated from bombyx mori, gallera mellonella and spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera) allow us to classify these enzymes among the c (chicken) type lysozymes. | 1979 | 537106 |
| pesticide regulations in egypt to avoid hazards to the environment and human health. | this paper describes the regulation of pesticides in egypt and the ways these regulations protect the environment and human health. the role of ddt and other chemical pesticides in the protection of plants and animals from disease and infection. using as an example, cotton and two of its pests, the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis, (boisd.) and the pink bollworm, pectinophera gossypiella (saund.), measures taken to minimize pesticide applications are presented. finally, the regulatory stru ... | 1980 | 7440914 |
| reduced sensitivity of cholinesterase as a factor of resistance in leptophos selected strain in the egyptian cotton leafworm. | larvae of a leptophos resistant strain of the egyptian cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis (boisd) showed varying levels of cross resistance to several organophosphorus insecticides and to the carbamate matacil. enzymatic determinations revealed that levels of cholinesterase activity were almost identical in larvae of susceptible and resistant strains. resistant larvae, which remained susceptible to the carbamate methomyl possessed cholinesterase of nearly normal sensitivity to this compound. ... | 1980 | 6154073 |
| sex pheromone of egyptian cotton leafworm (spodoptera littoralis). its chemical transformation under field conditions. | 1981 | 24420691 | |
| induction of a nonoccluded baculovirus persistently infecting heliothis zea cells by heliothis armigera and trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. | a nonoccluded singly enveloped baculovirus (baculovirus x) persistently infects heliothis zea (imc-hz-1) cells in culture. singly enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from h. zea and heliothis armigera, and multiply enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from trichoplusia ni, spodoptera frugiperda, and spodoptera littoralis were all found to induce baculovirus x. experiments are reported which use metabolic inhibitors and inactivated inducing virus to show that it is probable that a structural ... | 1981 | 18635066 |
| the polyamine content of a nuclear polyhedrossi virus from spodoptera littoralis. | 1981 | 319598 | |
| dna restriction-pattern differences from geographic isolates of spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | two nuclear polyhedrosis viruses were isolated from spodoptera littoralis larvae collected from several areas in israel. the two viruses were characterized and compared by restriction endonuclease cleavage of their dna and southern blot hybridization. the two viruses have no detectable sequence homology. a variant, homologous to the more common virus isolate, was also found. | 1982 | 18635146 |
| metabolism and excretion of leptophos and its phenol in s and r larvae of the egyptian cotton leafworm. | the metabolism and excretion of leptophos, 0-(4-bromo-2,5 dichlorophenyl) 0-methyl phenylphosphonothioate, and its phenol, 4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenol, were examined in susceptible (s) and leptophos resistant (r) strains of the egyptian cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis (boisd.). leptophos injected into the larvae is converted in vivo into at least five chloroform-soluble and two water-soluble products. minor qualitative differences were observed between s and r larvae. quantitatively, the di ... | 1982 | 6178375 |
| juvenoids cause some insects to form composite cuticles. | metamorphosing insects treated with juvenoids may secrete composite cuticles which combine morphological features of two metamorphic stages within the area secreted by an individual epidermal cell. characters found combined were pigmentation, tanning, surface sculpturing, and microtrichiae. neighbouring cells frequently form different types of cuticle. composite cuticles should not be confused with the more common mosaic cuticles, which are composed of discrete areas with different stage-specifi ... | 1982 | 7153697 |
| identification of ecdysonoic acid and 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid isolated from developing eggs of schistocerca gregaria and pupae of spodoptera littoralis. | ecdysonoic acid and 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid have been purified from developing eggs of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria, by high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.), and their structures were determined by p.m.r. spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the free and methyl ester derivatives. 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid was also characterized from spodoptera littoralis pupae. the occurrence of both 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid and ecdysonoic acid in sp. littoralis ... | 1983 | 6684422 |
| utilization of fodder yeast and agro-industrial by-products in production of spores and biologically - active endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | a number of newly-devised fermentation media were evaluated with respect to their ability to support sporulation and biosynthesis of endotoxins by strains of bacillus thuringiensis that are biologically active against spodoptera littoralis, heliothis armigera, and spodoptera exigua. fodder yeast from dried cells of saccharomyces cerevisiae could be used as a complete mono-component medium for production of highly active spore-delta-endotoxin complexes from b. thur., vars. entomocidus, kurstaki a ... | 1983 | 6666415 |
| wound-induced changes in the palatability of betula pubescens and b. pendula. | leaves of betula were damaged artificially in april, june and august 1982. palatability of damaged and adjacent undamaged leaves was assessed against controls in bioassays using the polyphagous lepidoptera spodoptera littoralis and orgyia antiqua. assessments were carried out at intervals from six hours to five months following each damage date. palatability (relative proportions of leaves consumed) was significantly lower than controls in damaged and adjacent leaves after six hours and remained ... | 1984 | 28311065 |
| mutagenic effects of aflatoxin b-1 and g-1 on the egyptian cotton leaf-worm, spodoptera littoralis (boisd.). | the aim of this study was to test infertility of the egyptian cotton leaf-worm, spodoptera littoralis. three concentrations, 0.8, 1.6 and 2.0 micrograms/larva of aflatoxin b-1 and g-1 were applied to the final instar of the larval period. both b-1 and g-1 induced mutagenic effects on spermatogenesis and morphogenesis which consequently reflected in infertility of spodoptera littoralis. the phenomenon of mutagenicity was more obvious in larvae treated with g-1 rather than in those treated with b- ... | 1984 | 6440019 |
| induction of spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus in cell cultures. | a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) infection was initiated in a spodoptera littoralis cell line when haemocytes from granulosis virus (gv)-infected s. littoralis larvae and ultra-violet-inactivated sendai virus were added. | 1985 | 2982357 |
| dna homology relationships between spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus and other baculoviruses. | the dna sequence homology relationships between spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) and five other lepidopteran npvs were studied by hybridization of 32p-labeled npv dnas to southern blots of restriction-endonuclease-digested npv dna. the s. littoralis npv (slmnpv) shows extensive dna sequence homology through most of the genome with s. frugiperda npv and s. exigua npv. heliothis armigera npv, h. zea npv, and autographa californica npv (acmnpv) share fewer regions of homology ... | 1985 | 2995274 |
| infectivity assays for the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus using spodoptera littoralis cells. | tissue culture id50 and plaque assays for the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, using the spodoptera littoralis cell line hpb-sl, were developed. direct comparison using these assay methods showed that these cells were as susceptible to infection as the more commonly used spodoptera frugiperda cell line iplb-sf-21. both infectious tissue culture supernatants or virus isolated directly from polyhedra could be titrated. it was important to use low cell seeding densities in the ass ... | 1985 | 3882730 |
| isolation of large and small plaque variants of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. brief report. | variants of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus which produce large (1.4 mm) or small (0.5 mm) plaques on spodoptera littoralis cells have been isolated. yields of extracellular virus and polyhedra by the large plaque variant were six-fold higher and 140-fold lower, respectively, than those obtained with the small plaque variant. however the two variants could not be distinguished when spodoptera frugiperda cells were used. | 1985 | 3893392 |
| cloning and expression of the lepidopteran toxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis in escherichia coli. | the bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis strain 3a produces a proteinaceous parasporal crystal toxic to larvae of a variety of lepidopteran pests including spodoptera littoralis (egyptian cotton leaf worm), heliothis zeae, h. virescens and boarmia selenaria. by cloning of individual plasmids of b. thuringiensis in escherichia coli, we localized a gene coding for the delta-endotoxin on the b. thuringiensis plasmid of about 17 kb designated ptn4. following partial digestion of the b. thuringi ... | 1986 | 3013729 |
| studies on autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in spodoptera littoralis cells including virus-induced protein synthesis. | the replication of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in spodoptera littoralis cells has been investigated. various cytopathic changes were detected by light and electron microscopy and progeny enveloped virus particles, some occluded within polyhedra, were later seen in the nucleus of infected cells. infectious virus was released into the growth medium and increased exponentially from ca. 10 to 24 hours post infection and then slowly increased over the next 4 days. in compari ... | 1986 | 3510608 |
| insect antifeedant activity and hot taste for humans of selected natural and synthetic 1,4-dialdehydes. | the antifeedant activity towards larvae of leptinotarsa decemlineata and spodoptera littoralis and the hot taste for the human tongue have been determined for natural and synthetic 1,4-dialdehydes. among the bicyclic dialdehydes the biological activity has been found to be dependent on the distance between the two aldehyde groups; tricyclic and pentacyclic dialdehydes are inactive in both tests. a short synthetic route to (-)- and (+)-polygodial is reported. | 1987 | 3655790 |
| specificity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin. | the insecticidal activity of the delta-endotoxins of 14 bacillus thuringiensis strains belonging to 12 subspecies was determined against pieris brassicae, heliothis virescens, and spodoptera littoralis. larvae of p. brassicae were highly susceptible to purified crystals of strains of b. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis and b. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni, whereas h. virescens responded best to b. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae and b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. the crystals of the b. thuring ... | 1987 | 16347299 |
| measurement of surface charge of baculovirus polyhedra. | the isoelectric points of three baculoviruses, trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv), t. ni granulosis virus, and spodoptera littoralis npv were identified by cell electrophoresis. at neutral ph polyhedra were negatively charged. t. ni npv polyhedra were reacted with a number of reagents which could potentially attach to or degrade their surface structure. this gave information on the components that contribute to the charge profile of t. ni npv. this is discussed in relation to the u ... | 1987 | 16347308 |
| monoclonal antibody analysis and insecticidal spectrum of three types of lepidopteran-specific insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis. | we have investigated the protein composition and the insecticidal spectrum of crystals of 29 bacillus thuringiensis strains active against lepidopteran larvae. all crystals contained proteins of 130 to 140 kilodaltons (kda) which could be grouped into three types by the molecular weight of the protoxin and the trypsin-activated core fragment. proteins of the three types showed a characteristic insecticidal spectrum when tested against five lepidopteran species. type a crystal proteins were proto ... | 1988 | 16347711 |
| identification of a delta-endotoxin gene product specifically active against spodoptera littoralis bdv. among proteolysed fractions of the insecticidal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.29. | at least three different insecticidal crystal protein genes were shown to be expressed in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.29, a strain that is potentially active against the cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis bdv. among crude k-60 fractions (60- to 70-kilodalton [kda] molecules) that were products of proteolysed crystals containing the active domains of the protoxin molecules, we were able to distinguish several distinct components on the basis of their antigenic relationship and thei ... | 1988 | 16347771 |
| multiplicity of delta-endotoxin genes with different insecticidal specificities in bacillus thuringiensis aizawai 7.29. | the hypothesis according to which multiple and different delta-endotoxin genes could determine the host-range specificity of the lepidopteran strains of bacillus thuringiensis is being checked in the case of strains aizawai 7.29 (serotype 7) and entomocidus 601 (serotype 6). from these strains, several crystal protein genes, belonging to different structural types, have been isolated. one of the cloned genes that is not present in strain entomocidus 601 is duplicated in strain aizawai 7.29. this ... | 1988 | 2840555 |
| chemical protection of pheromones containing an internal conjugated diene system from isomerization and oxidation. | conjugated diene systems are common in natural products, including pheromones. the systems are sensitive to heat, light, and oxygen, among other things. they can be protected by antioxidants and uv absorbers, which slow downcis-trans isomerization and oxidation. three sex pheromones (one as an analog) containingz,e, e,z, ande,e units were studied: (z,e)-9,11-c14oac, (e,z)-7,9-c12oac, and (e,e)-10,12-c16oac. the uv absorber 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and the antioxidants bht and bha were fou ... | 1988 | 24276497 |
| the inhibition of phenolic biosynthesis in damaged and undamaged birch foliage and its effect on insect herbivores. | 1. the leaves of betula pendula roth trees were damaged artificially, or by insect-grazing. both induced an increase in phenolic levels in damaged leaves, larger in the case of insect attack.-2. some of the damaged trees were sprayed with an inhibitor of phenolic biosynthesis, (aminoxy) acetic acid, which led to a reduction in phenolic levels in both undamaged and damaged leaves. hence both the effects of damage per se and damage-induced changes in foliage phenolic levels on insect feeding prefe ... | 1988 | 28312381 |
| temporal and spatial variation in palatability of soybean and cotton leaves following wounding. | leaves of soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) were mechanically damaged with a single hole and offered to spodoptera littoralis boisd (lep., noctuidae) larvae in laboratory bioassays at intervals of between 0 and 7 days from damage. the subsequent within-leaf grazing patterns of damaged and undamaged areas were compared using an image-analysing computer, and estimations were made by eye of percentage, areas grazed at three spatial scales. reduction in palatability ... | 1989 | 28313487 |
| investigation of oviposition deterrent in larval frass ofspodoptera littoralis (boisd.). | previous experiments demonstrated an oviposition-deterring effect of larval frass in the egyptian cotton leaf worm,spodoptera littoralis (boisd.). in this study, females were shown to perceive the oviposition-deterring substance(s) with their antennae. during dark, airtight, and cold (-10 °c) storage, the deterrent was persistent for at least 395 days. on the other hand, larval frass retained its activity for only two days when applied to cotton leaves. the deterrent activity of frass was indepe ... | 1989 | 24271895 |
| nucleotide sequence and analysis of the n-terminal coding region of the spodoptera-active delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis aizawai 7.29. | the nucleotide sequence of a 2711bp dna segment which contains the n-terminal coding sequence and the 5' flanking region of a crystal protein gene (bta) from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.29 has been determined. the coding region encodes an 824 amino-acid polypeptide corresponding to a carboxy-terminally truncated delta-endotoxin specifically active against the cotton leaf worm spodoptera littoralis. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the bta gene with that of the 4.5, 5. ... | 1989 | 2548060 |
| a physical map of spodoptera littoralis b-type nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome. | a physical map for the genome of spodoptera littoralis (egyptian cottonworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus of b-type (s1mnpv-b) [cherry cl, summers md (1985) j invertebr pathol 46: 289-295] was prepared using the restriction endonucleases smai, sfii, noti, apai, kpni, bsteii, psti, saci, and hindiii. the size of the genome was estimated to 136 kbp for the morocco isolate (s1mnpv-m2) and to 135 kbp for the lyon isolate (s1mnpv-l4). hindiii-k was used as the zero-point of the map because it hybridize ... | 1989 | 2647060 |
| role of the gut proteinases from mosquito larvae in the mechanism of action and the specificity of the bacillus sphaericus toxin. | gut proteinases from larvae of mosquito species both susceptible and not susceptible to bacillus sphaericus converted the 43-kda toxin to a 40-kda polypeptide exhibiting enhanced cytotoxicity to mosquito cell cultures. the toxin was also activated by gut proteinases from the nonsusceptible lepidoptera spodoptera littoralis in vitro and in vivo. therefore, the specificity of bacillus sphaericus toxin does not seem to be determined by gut proteinase action. however, susceptibility of mosquito cell ... | 1990 | 1980629 |
| cloning of the genome of a densovirus and rescue of infectious virions from recombinant plasmid in the insect host spodoptera littoralis. | we have cloned an infectious genome of the junonia coenia densonucleosis virus (jcdnv) into the bacterial plasmid pbr322. the viral genome could be rescued from the recombinant plasmid pbrj by transfection of pbrj dna to sensitive spodoptera littoralis larvae. pbrj dna produced a typical viral infection and a comparable percentage of larvae became infected following inoculation of equivalent amounts of purified virion dna or cloned viral dna. virions extracted from transfected larvae were indist ... | 1990 | 2219730 |
| bacillus thuringiensis potency bioassays against heliothis armigera, earias insulana, and spodoptera littoralis larvae based on standardized diets. | bacillus thuringiensis screening programs based on the official potency bioassay using third-instar larvae and on a neonate bioassay were developed for heliothis armigera, earias insulana, and spondoptera littoralis. in these bioassays, the diets were standardized to be suitable, with minor modifications, for feeding of the three lepidopterans. the bioassay protocol was based on determination of the lc50 of the microbial standard hd-1-s-80 in the insects susceptible to b. thuringiensis var. kurs ... | 1990 | 2351843 |
| plasmid transfer between strains of bacillus thuringiensis infecting galleria mellonella and spodoptera littoralis. | to determine the possibility of plasmid transfer occurring between strains of bacillus thuringiensis in infected lepidopterous larvae, galleria mellonella and spodoptera littoralis were infected with two or more strains of b. thuringiensis and the resulting bacteria from the dead insects were examined for plasmid transfer. transfer rates of plasmids coding for crystal production and tetracycline resistance were high, reaching levels similar to those obtained in laboratory broth cultures. transfe ... | 1990 | 2383006 |
| cloning and expression of the lepidopteran toxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis var sotto in escherichia coli. | during sporulation, bacillus thuringiensis var. sotto produces a parasporal crystalline protein which is toxic for the silk-worm, bombyx mori and the cotton leaf worm, spodoptera littoralis. the gene coding this crystal protein is present in a single plasmid. the plasmid dna was isolated, purified and physically mapped using restriction endonuclease enzymes (r.e.). the gene coding the delta-endotoxin was inserted into escherichia coli-jm103, using cloning vector puc8. transformed e. coli cells w ... | 1991 | 1791407 |
| host range of clostridium bifermentans serovar. malaysia, a mosquitocidal anaerobic bacterium. | clostridium bifermentans serovar. malaysia (c.b.m.) is toxic to mosquito larvae. in this study, we quantified its toxicity to the mosquitoes, aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, ae. caspius, ae. detritus, anopheles stephensi, an. gambiae, culex pipiens and cx. quinquefasciatus. anopheles larvae are the most susceptible, followed by ae. detritus and ae. caspius, then culex and other aedes larvae. according to mosquito species, the lc50 varies from 7 x 10(3) to 1.3 x 10(6) cells/ml. three concentration ... | 1992 | 1357087 |
| distribution, frequency, and diversity of bacillus thuringiensis in an animal feed mill. | bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from 36 of 50 residue samples obtained from an animal feed mill (a stored-product environment). of 710 selected colonies having bacillus cereus-b. thuringiensis morphology isolated from the samples, 477 were classified as b. thuringiensis because of production of parasporal delta-endotoxin crystals. there was a diverse population of b. thuringiensis, as revealed by differentiation of the isolates into 36 subgroups by using (i) their spectra of toxicity to the ... | 1992 | 16348699 |
| leucine aminopeptidase: an inducible component of the defense response in lycopersicon esculentum (tomato). | a leucine aminopeptidase (ec 3.4.11.1) cdna clone (dr57) that was induced in response to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (p.s. tomato) infection was isolated using a subtractive hybridization-enriched cdna probe. genomic dna blot analysis showed that the tomato genome had two leucine aminopeptidase genes. the levels of dr57 mrnas after p.s. tomato infection and mechanical wounding were determined in two inbred tomato lines that exhibit susceptibility and resistance to p.s. tomato. dr57 mrnas wer ... | 1993 | 8234334 |
| identification and partial purification of a bacillus thuringiensis cryic delta-endotoxin binding protein from spodoptera littoralis gut membranes. | immunoblotting experiments were performed using cryic and cryia(c) bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins to detect the presence of specific toxin binding proteins on spodoptera littoralis brush border membrane vesicles. the cryic toxin binds two proteins of 40 and 65 kda and the cryia(c) binds a protein of 40 kda. the cryia(c) toxin also binds faintly to a 120 kda protein on s. littoralis brush border membrane vesicles as does a polyclonal antiserum raised against a putative cryia(c) 120 kda b ... | 1993 | 8380781 |
| immunologically unrelated heliothis sp. and spodoptera sp. midgut membrane-proteins bind bacillus thuringiensis cryia(b) delta-endotoxin. | the bacillus thuringiensis toxins, cryia(a), cryia(b), cryia(c) and cryic were used in a ligand-blot assay to detect specific toxin-binding proteins in the brush-border membranes of heliothis virescens, helicoverpa zea, spodoptera littoralis, spodoptera exigua and spodoptera litura. while cryia(a) and cryia(b) always recognize the same protein(s) in a given species, cryia(c) and cryic were found to bind to other proteins. polyclonal antibodies directed against the cryia(b) binding protein of h. ... | 1993 | 8383036 |
| a parvo-like virus persistently infecting a c6/36 clone of aedes albopictus mosquito cell line and pathogenic for aedes aegypti larvae. | we have isolated and partially characterized from an apparently healthy c6/36 subclone of aedes albopictus cell line a small icosahedral non-enveloped dna virus, designated aapv. this virus proved to be highly pathogenic for aedes aegypti neonate larvae. viral infection persisted for over 4 years in the cell culture without any cytopathic effect. attempts to infect suckling mice, drosophila melanogaster adults and spodoptera littoralis larvae with aapv were unsuccessful. similarly, the aapv fail ... | 1993 | 8212862 |
| insect detoxifying enzymes: their importance in pesticide synergism and resistance. | pyrethroid esterases of trichoplusia ni, spodoptera littoralis and bemisia tabaci hydrolyze the trans-isomers of various pyrethroids more extensively than the cis-isomers. profenofos fed to t. ni larvae at a level inhibiting the gut pyrethroid esterases by 65% with trans-permethrin and of 95% with cis-cypermethrin increased the toxicity of topically applied trans-permethrin by fourfold and cis-cypermethrin by 20-fold. similar assays with s. littoralis resulted in an increase of about threefold i ... | 1993 | 8431600 |
| the alpha-5 segment of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin: in vitro activity, ion channel formation and molecular modelling. | a peptide with a sequence corresponding to the highly conserved alpha-5 segment of the cry delta-endotoxin family (amino acids 193-215 of bacillus thuringiensis cryiiia [gazit and shai (1993) biochemistry 32, 3429-3436]), was investigated with respect to its interaction with insect membranes, cytotoxicity in vitro towards spodoptera frugiperda (sf-9) cells, and its propensity to form ion channels in planar lipid membranes (plms). selectively labelled analogues of alpha-5 at either the n-terminal ... | 1994 | 7529493 |
| a comparison and analysis of the toxicity and receptor binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis cryic delta-endotoxin on spodoptera littoralis and bombyx mori. | the binding of l-[35s]methionine in vivo labelled cryic toxin to its receptor in brush border membrane vesicle (bbmv's) prepared from spodoptera littoralis and bombyx mori was studied. both insect species were highly susceptible to the cryic toxin in bioassays, b. mori being 7-fold more sensitive to cryic than s. littoralis (lc50's of 10 ng/cm2 and 70 ng/cm2, respectively). competition and direct binding experiments revealed saturable high-affinity binding sites on bbmv's from both insects which ... | 1994 | 7957870 |
| nucleotide sequence of the polyhedrin gene region of helicoverpa zea single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus: placement of the virus in lepidopteran nuclear polyhedrosis virus group ii. | the polyhedrin gene (polh) of helicoverpa zea single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (hzsnpv) was identified and shown by sequence analysis of the ecori i genomic fragment to encode a 246 amino acid polypeptide that has greater than 80% sequence identity to known polyhedrins. it is preceded by an at-rich region containing the conserved late promoter motif taag, which was identified as a transcription start point. downstream of polh there were several similarities in genome arrangement to ... | 1994 | 7964631 |
| nucleotide sequence of the polyhedrin gene of spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | 1286 nt portion of the 3.1 kbp hindiii-k fragment of the spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (simnpv) dna genome has been sequenced. the sequence contains the polyhedrin gene preceded by a highly-repeated agataa-rich sequence. with 249 amino acids, simnpv polyhedrin is the longest known polyhedrin. | 1994 | 8049274 |
| immunological analysis of developmental changes in ecdysone 20-mono-oxygenase expression in the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. | the developmental changes in ecdysone 20-mono-oxygenase during the sixth larval instar of the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis, were investigated. the specific activity of mitochondrial ecdysone 20-mono-oxygenase in the fat-body exhibited a distinct peak at 72 h, at which time the larvae stop feeding. immunoblot analyses, using antibodies raised against components of vertebrate mitochondrial steroidogenic enzyme systems [anti-(cytochrome p-450scc), anti-(cytochrome p-450(11) beta), anti-ad ... | 1994 | 8192659 |
| functional expression of an alpha anti-insect scorpion neurotoxin in insect cells and lepidopterous larvae. | the leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus alpha anti-insect toxin (lqh alpha it) cdna was engineered into the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) genome. insect cells infected with the recombinant virus secreted a functional lqh alpha it polypeptide. spodoptera littoralis and heliothis armigera larvae injected with recombinant budded virus, showed typical intoxication symptoms. this recombinant virus showed enhanced insecticidal potency against h. armigera larvae compared with w ... | 1995 | 7498537 |
| evidence against the exon theory of genes derived from the triose-phosphate isomerase gene. | the exon theory of genes proposes that the introns of protein-encoding nuclear genes are remnants of the dna spacers between ancient minigenes. the discovery of an intron at a predicted position in the triose-phosphate isomerase (ec 5.3.1.1) gene of culex mosquitoes has been hailed as an evidential pillar of the theory. we have found that that intron is also present in aedes mosquitoes, which are closely related to culex, but not in the phylogenetically more distant anopheles, nor in the fly cal ... | 1995 | 7667319 |
| toxicity of microcystin-lr, isolated from microcystis aeruginosa, against various insect species. | microcystin-lr (mc-lr), isolated from the cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa kuetzing emend. elenkin strain ccap 1450/4 was tested for biological activity against four species of insect and the invertebrate artemia salina. the efficacy of pesticidal activity was compared with various insecticides. the 24 hr ld50 value for third instar diamond-backed moth, plutella xylostella, on ingestion from a treated leaf surface was 1.0 micrograms cm2, compared with a 72 hr ld50 value for rotenone of 2.0 ... | 1995 | 7676468 |
| the wild-type autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus induces apoptosis of spodoptera littoralis cells. | spodoptera littoralis cells infected with the autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) yielded significantly lower budded virus titers than spodoptera frugiperda-infected cells and produced very low levels of polyhedrin. relative to acmnpv-infected s. frugiperda sf9 cells viral dna replication was severely reduced in spodoptera littoralis sl2 cells. microscopic examination of sl2-infected cells revealed progressive cell blebbing starting at 6-8 hr postinfection and cul ... | 1995 | 7778284 |
| biological activity of secondary metabolites from bupleurum salicifolium (umbelliferae). | secondary metabolites from bupleurum salicifolium were tested against viruses, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, the yeast candida albicans, the nematodes globodera pallida and g. rostochiensis, the insect spodoptera littoralis and the crustacean artemia salina. these compounds were also tested against tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines. the polyacetylene 8s-heptadeca-2(z)-9(z)-diene-4,6-diyne-1,8-diol exhibited toxicity for a. salina and specific antibiotic activity against gram-positiv ... | 1995 | 7843329 |
| replication of a mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a newly established mamestra brassicae cell line. | a continuous cell line, designated mbl-3, was newly established from minced neonate larvae of the cabbage armyworm, mamestra brassicae. this new cell line is heteroploid, containing triploid cells predominantly at the frequency of about 50%. doubling time of the cell population is 33 hrs. the akutsu isolate of a mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus (mbnpv) was examined for replication in 16 continuous cell lines, including the cell line mbl-3, from seven lepidoptera species: mamestra br ... | 1995 | 8578995 |
| bioactive alkaloids from the tropical marine sponge axinella carteri. | analysis of the tropical marine sponge axinella carteri afforded six unusual alkaloids, including the new brominated guanidine derivative 3-bromo-hymenialdisine. the structure elucidation of the new alkaloid is described. the alkaloid patterns of sponges collected in indonesia or in the philippines were shown to be qualitatively identical suggesting de novo synthesis by the sponge or by endosymbiontic microorganisms rather than uptake by filter feeding. all alkaloids were screened for insecticid ... | 1995 | 8579685 |
| identification and nucleotide sequence of an ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase gene of spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | the spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (slmnpv) is a member of the baculoviridae that shows a distant genetic relationship to the prototype autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv). using an acmnpv gene-specific probe, we identified and mapped an ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase (egt) gene in the genome of slmnpv. sequence determination of a part from the hybridizing dna fragment revealed an open reading frame of 1548 nucleotides that exhibits 38% and 44% identity to the ... | 1995 | 8808334 |
| digestion of delta-endotoxin by gut proteases may explain reduced sensitivity of advanced instar larvae of spodoptera littoralis to cryic. | the present study describes the correlation between gut protease activity of lepidopteran larvae of different instars, the inactivation of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins in crystalline and noncrystalline forms, and the reduced susceptibility of advanced larval instars of spodoptera littoralis to the toxin. the original assembly of delta-endotoxins in a crystal structure is essential for causing efficient larval mortality. denaturation and renaturation (d/r) of delta-endotoxin crystals i ... | 1996 | 8814783 |
| construction of new insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis recombinant strains by using the sporulation non-dependent expression system of cryiiia and a site specific recombination vector. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) delta-endotoxins are safe biological insecticidal proteins whose usefulness has long been recognized. the first commercialized bt insecticidal formulations were composed of spore-crystal preparations derived from wild-type strains. these products generally have a limited insecticidal host range and several genetically modified strains have, therefore, been constructed using transformation procedures. however, addition of a new delta-endotoxin gene to strains already h ... | 1996 | 8818275 |
| synergistic activity of a bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin and a bacterial endochitinase against spodoptera littoralis larvae. | in an attempt to increase the insecticidal effect of the delta-endotoxin crystal protein cryic on the relatively cry-insensitive larvae of spodoptera littoralis, a combination of cryic and endochitinase was used. cryic comprising the first 756 amino acids from bacillus thuringiensis k26-21 and endochitinase chiaii encoded by serratia marcescens were separately produced in escherichia coli carrying the genes in overexpression vectors. the endochitinase on its own, even at very low concentrations ... | 1996 | 8837413 |
| a polymerase chain reaction for the detection of nucleopolyhedroviruses in infected insects: the fate of the spodoptera littoralis virus in locusta migratoria. | the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (slnpv) is a potential pest control agent of spodoptera spp. as part of our studies to establish the use of this virus, a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method was developed for the detection of viral dna in infected insects. pcr amplification of the polyhedrin sequences enabled the detection of low levels of viral dna directly from viral occlusion bodies or from total larval dna. the use of different sets of synthetic dna primers allowed us ... | 1996 | 8882942 |
| four new bioactive manzamine-type alkaloids from the philippine marine sponge xestospongia ashmorica. | analysis of the philippine marine sponge xestospongia ashmorica afforded four new manzamine congeners 1-4 and four known compounds 5 and 7-9. compound 1 is the 6-deoxy derivative of manzamine x, while 2-4 are the n-oxides of manzamine j (5), 3,4-dihydromanzamine a (6), and manzamine a (7), respectively. the structures of the new compounds were unambiguously established on the basis of nmr spectroscopic (1h, 13c, cosy, 1h-detected direct, and long-range 13c-1h correlations) and mass spectrometric ... | 1996 | 8946747 |
| are odorant-binding proteins involved in odorant discrimination? | pheromone-sensitive sensilla trichodea of nine moth species belonging to six families and three superfamilies of lepidoptera were immunolabelled with an antiserum against the pheromone-binding protein of antheraea polyphemus. strong immunolabelling of the sensillum lymph was observed in all long sensilla trichodea of a. polyphemus, a. pernyi (saturniidae), bombyx mori (bombycidae) and manduca sexta (sphingidae). very weak labelling was found with all sensilla trichodea of dendrolimus kikuchii (l ... | 1996 | 8985600 |
| a synthetic cryic gene, encoding a bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin, confers spodoptera resistance in alfalfa and tobacco. | spodoptera species, representing widespread polyphagous insect pests, are resistant to bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins used thus far as insecticides in transgenic plants. here we describe the chemical synthesis of a cryic gene by a novel template directed ligation-pcr method. this simple and economical method to construct large synthetic genes can be used when routine resynthesis of genes is required. chemically phosphorylated adjacent oligonucleotides of the gene to be synthesized are a ... | 1996 | 8986755 |
| bioactive amides from glycosmis species. | besides the known imide ritigalin (9), six new phenethyl/styrylamine-derived amides isolated from lipophilic leaf extracts of glycosmis cf. mauritiana, glycosmis cf. cyanocarpa, and glycosmis crassifolia displayed pronounced antifungal and/or insecticidal activity against cladosporium herbarum and spodoptera littoralis, respectively, the methylthiocarbonic acid derivatives niranin (1), dehydroniranin a (2), and dehydroniranin b (3) as well as the isovaleric and senecioic acid derivatives thaleba ... | 1996 | 9036182 |
| cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata) fails to show wound-induced defence against a specialist and a generalist herbivore? | this paper presents tests of a model of wound-induced defence in herbaceous plants. many studies have reported both chemical changes in leaves and changes in the behaviour and/or physiology of herbivores as a result of wounding leaves. these studies and others have led to the development of various models to explain wound-induced effects both in terms of plant response and herbivore behaviour. the model under test was proposed by edwards and wratten (1987) and predicts that wounding a plant will ... | 1996 | 28307740 |
| identification of pban-like peptides in the brain-subesophageal ganglion complex of lepidoptera using western-blotting. | an immunoblotting technique used to visualize pheromone-biosynthesis-activating-neuropeptide (pban)-like peptides in insect tissues is described. this technique involves a tricine-sds-page system and a chemiluminescent revelation of the antigens. using this technique, pban-like immunoreactive peptides were found in the brain-subesophageal ganglion complex of various lepidopteran species, including moths: heliothis zea, mamestra brassicae, spodoptera littoralis, s. latifascia and s. descoinsi (no ... | 1996 | 8882661 |
| effects of infected insects on secondary invasion of steinernematid entomopathogenic nematodes. | factors affecting 'invasion efficiency' of steinernematid entomopathogenic nematodes into hosts were elucidated. the phenomenon that only part (10-40%) of the nematode population invades the target host has been recorded in many studies. it has been mainly ascribed to differences in the ability of individual nematodes to infect. in the present study the effect of an infected host, the wax moth galleria mellonella, on subsequent infection of the entomopathogenic nematodes steinernema carpocapsae ... | 1997 | 9172429 |
| identification and biosynthesis of (e,e)-10,12-tetradecadienyl acetate in spodoptera littoralis female sex pheromone gland. | a minor component of the sex pheromone gland of the egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis, has been identified as (e,e)-10,12-tetradecadienyl acetate. structural elucidation has been carried out by isobutane-chemical ionization mass spectrometry of the fatty acyl biosynthetic precursor-derived methyl ester. to assign the stereochemistry of the double bonds, the four isomers of both 10,12-tetradecadienyl acetates and methyl 10,12-tetradecadienoates have been synthesized and their gas ch ... | 1997 | 9377086 |
| inhibition of sex pheromone production in female lepidopteran moths by 2-halofatty acids. | inhibition of sex pheromone production has been observed after topical treatment of pheromonal glands with dmso solutions of 2-bromohexadecanoic acid, in three lepidopteran insects: spodoptera littoralis, thaumotopoea pityocampa, and bombyx mori. it has been shown that this effect was brought about by action on the reductases and acetyltransferases of the final steps of the pheromones biosynthesis. other halofatty acids, such as 2-fluoro- and 2-chlorohexadecanoic acids, were less active than the ... | 1997 | 9374121 |
| transcriptional analysis and promoter activity of the spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase gene. | the ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase gene (egt) of spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (splimnpv) is a homologue of the autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv) egt gene, which has been found to block insect moulting. infection of larvae with an egt-deleted acmnpv resulted in enhanced mortality as compared to infection with the wild-type virus. consequently, deletion of an egt gene has been proposed as a tempting approach for enhancing the insecticidal properties of baculovirus ... | 1997 | 9018073 |
| a recombinase-mediated system for elimination of antibiotic resistance gene markers from genetically engineered bacillus thuringiensis strains. | a tnpi-mediated site-specific recombination system to construct genetically modified bacillus thuringiensis strains was developed. recombinant b. thuringiensis strains from which antibiotic resistance genes can be selectively eliminated were obtained in vivo with a new vector based on the specific resolution site of transposon tn4430. for example, a cryic gene, whose product is active against spodoptera littoralis, was introduced into b. thuringiensis kto harboring a cryia(c) gene active against ... | 1997 | 9023958 |
| microbial contamination in spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus produced in insects in egypt | spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus produced in egypt, for use in field trials for the control of s. littoralis on cotton, was subject to microbiological examination to quantify microbial contamination. bacteria were found to be present at 10(6)-10(9) colony-forming units/ml in virus suspensions containing 2.1 x 10(9) polyhedral inclusion bodies/ml. batches were found to contain between 2 and 11 different species of contaminant microbes. no primary human pathogens of medical importa ... | 1997 | 9056465 |
| enhancer element, repetitive sequences and gene organization in an 8-kbp region containing the polyhedrin gene of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (splimnpv) shows only a distant genetic relationship to other npvs. in this report we describe the gene organization of an 8-kbp region of the splimnpv which contains the polyhedrin gene. the polyhedrin transcription initiation sites were mapped and the sequence and gene organization of an 8-kbp region of splimnpv were determined. the sequences downstream of the polyhedrin gene showed colinearity with the gene organization of other npvs. ... | 1997 | 9155869 |
| the p10 gene of spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus: nucleotide sequence, transcriptional analysis and unique gene organization in the p10 locus. | the p10 gene of the spodoptera littoralis (spli) multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (mnpv) was identified. with a coding sequence of 315 nucleotides (nt), corresponding to a protein of 104 amino acids, the splimnpv p10 gene is the longest p10 gene known. this gene codes for a putative protein with an mr of 11130 and was found to be most closely related to the spodoptera exigua (se) mnpv p10 (49.4% amino acid identity) and most distant from the autographa californica (ac) mnpv p10 (20.0% amino acid ... | 1997 | 9267016 |
| expression of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus apoptotic suppressor gene p35 in nonpermissive spodoptera littoralis cells. | apoptosis was postulated as the main barrier to replication of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) in a spodoptera littoralis sl2 cell line (n. chejanovsky and e. gershburg, virology 209:519-525, 1995). thus, we hypothesized that the viral apoptotic suppressor gene p35 is either poorly expressed or nonfunctional in acmnpv-infected sl2 cells. these questions were addressed by first determining the steady-state levels of the p35 product, p35, in acmnpv-infected sl2 cells ... | 1997 | 9311840 |
| genomic localization and nucleotide sequence of a lef-8 gene of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus. | a gene similar to lef-8 of the autographa californica (ac) nucleopolyhedrovirus (mnpv) was identified in the spodoptera littoralis (spli) mnpv. the splimnpv lef-8-like gene was localized on the genomic map between 26.9 and 29 map units and is flanked by a chitinase gene and p47 gene. this gene arrangement differs from that of similar genes in the acmnpv genome, where the lef-8 gene is located about 62 kbp from the chitinase gene and about 7 kbp from the p47 gene. sequence analyses of the lef-8 g ... | 1997 | 9354263 |
| endogenous protease-activated 66-kda toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki active against spodoptera littoralis. | the anti-lepidopteran toxin from sporulated bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki cells, generated by the proteolytic action of endogenous protease(s) on the protoxin, was purified and studied to identify the effect of such proteolysis on the biochemical nature of the toxin. the active toxin was purified employing anion-exchange chromatography to absolute homogeneity, as indicated by sds-page and western blotting. antisera to the purified toxin (66 kda) crossreacted with the protoxin (132 kda) ... | 1998 | 9485601 |
| bioactive pyridoacridine alkaloids from the micronesian sponge oceanapia sp. | the micronesian sponge oceanapia sp. afforded three pyridoacridine alkaloids: the known compounds kuanoniamine c (1) and kuanoniamine d (2), as well as the new n-deacyl derivative (3) of the kuanoniamines. compounds 1 and 2 exhibited insecticidal activity toward neonate larvae of the polyphagous pest insect spodoptera littoralis (lc50 of 156 and 59 ppm, respectively), when incorporated into artificial diet. both compounds also showed toxicity in the brine shrimp lethality test with a lc50 of 37 ... | 1998 | 9514015 |
| insecticidal, acaricidal and synergistic effects of soosan, pancratium maritimum extracts and constituents. | in assessing the pesticidal activity of soosan, p. maritimum, the bulbs and leaves were extracted using acetone/ethanol & ethanol as solvents and mosquito larvae c. pipiens, as a test organism. the actone/ethanol extract of bulbs was more toxic (lc50: 25 ppm) than that of the leaves (lc50: 75 ppm). crude alkaloids, lycorine, terpenes & sterols and fixed oil were isolated from soosan bulb. their percentages were: 0.193, 0.02, 0.13 and 3.3%, respectively. the acetone/ethanol extract showed a stron ... | 1998 | 9617056 |
| the in vivo production of spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | the in vivo production of the nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) of the egyptian cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis was studied experimentally. larvae (7 days old) of 30-50 mg were experimentally infected with a range of npv doses then harvested alive at various times after dosing to determine the effect of dose and incubation time on npv productivity. maximum npv production achieved after 7 days incubation was 1.86 x 10(9) polyhedral inclusion bodies (pibs) per larvae using an inoculum of 1 x 10(4) ... | 1998 | 9628227 |
| the single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus of buzura suppressaria encodes a p10 protein. | the p10 gene of buzura suppressaria single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (busunpv) was identified by virtue of its localization downstream from the autographa californica (ac) mnpv p26 homologue. the busunpv p10 gene encodes a protein of 94 amino acids. the amino acid sequence contains domains characteristic of baculovirus p10 proteins, e.g. a coiled-coil domain, a proline-rich motif and a positively charged c terminus. the highest amino acid homologies were found with the spodoptera littora ... | 1998 | 9634101 |
| identification and characterization of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus type b lef-3 gene. | we have identified a gene from the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus type b (splinpv-b) with several characteristics that suggest that it is homologous to the lef-3 genes of the autographa californica and orgyia pseudotsugata npvs (acmnpv and opmnpv, respectively). the splinpv-b lef-3 gene was mapped between 43.6 and 45.5 map units of the splinpv-b genome. northern blot analysis showed that splinpv-b lef-3 was expressed as a 1.6 kb transcript at 5 h post infection (p.i.), reached high l ... | 1998 | 9638145 |
| isolation and entomotoxic properties of the xenorhabdus nematophilus f1 lecithinase. | xenorhabdus spp. and photorhabdus spp., entomopathogenic bacteria symbiotically associated with nematodes of the families steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae, respectively, were shown to produce different lipases when they were grown on suitable nutrient agar. substrate specificity studies showed that photorhabdus spp. exhibited a broad lipase activity, while most of the xenorhabdus spp. secreted a specific lecithinase. xenorhabdus spp. occur spontaneously in two variants, phase i and phase i ... | 1998 | 9647801 |
| involvement of chitinases of bacillus thuringiensis during pathogenesis in insects. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis ips78 and b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai hd133 both secreted exochitinase activity when grown in a medium containing chitin. allosamidin, a specific chitinase inhibitor, inhibited activity from both strains, with ic50 values of about 50 microm with colloidal chitin as substrate and between 1 and 10 microm with 4-methylumbelliferyl-diacetylchitobioside and 4-methylumbelliferyl-triacetylchitotrioside as substrates. the involvement of these chitinolytic ac ... | 1998 | 9720040 |
| opposite effects on spodoptera littoralis larvae of high expression level of a trypsin proteinase inhibitor in transgenic plants | this work illustrates potential adverse effects linked with the expression of proteinase inhibitor (pi) in plants used as a strategy to enhance pest resistance. tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv xanthi) and arabidopsis [heynh.] ecotype wassilewskija) transgenic plants expressing the mustard trypsin pi 2 (mti-2) at different levels were obtained. first-instar larvae of the egyptian cotton worm (spodoptera littoralis boisd.) were fed on detached leaves of these plants. the high level of mti-2 expre ... | 1998 | 9808744 |
| comparative studies of suidatrestin, a specific inhibitor of trehalases. | suidatrestin, isolated from a streptomyces strain, was characterized as a new trehalase inhibitor. its inhibitory potential was 7 to 50-fold higher than that of validamycin when tested against insect, fungal and mammalian trehalases. the kinetic properties of suidatrestin were studied in vitro with trehalases from flight muscle mitochondria of the fly, protophormia terraenovae, from larval midgut of the moth, spodoptera littoralis, and from porcine kidney, as well as with maltase from yeast. sui ... | 1998 | 9854811 |
| a new method to improve olfactory responses to gc effluents. | biological detectors such as the human nose or an insect antenna represent extremely attractive detectors for gas chromatography (gc) since they are specifically tuned to perceive biologically relevant compounds. however, these detectors are nonlinear, noisy and often perform poorly under standard gc conditions since they are adapted to detect transient rather than long-lasting stimuli. these drawbacks can be overcome if the chemical stimulus, delivered by the gas chromatograph, is re-shaped (mo ... | 1998 | 9915110 |