| transportomics: screening for substrates of abc transporters in body fluids using vesicular transport assays. | the atp-binding cassette (abc) genes encode the largest family of transmembrane proteins. abc transporters translocate a wide variety of substrates across membranes, but their physiological function is often incompletely understood. we describe a new method to study the substrate spectrum of abc transporters: we incubate extracts of mouse urine with membrane vesicles prepared from spodoptera frugiperda sf9 insect cells overproducing an abc transporter and determine the compounds transported into ... | 2011 | 22034653 |
| susceptibility of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) strains from central colombia to two insecticides, methomyl and lambda-cyhalothrin: a study of the genetic basis of resistance. | spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is an important pest of several crops in the western hemisphere. this insect has genetically differentiated into two host-associated populations: the corn (zea mays l.) and the rice (oryza sativa l.) strains. the corn strain also is found in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and sorghum and the rice strain in bermuda grass [cynodon dactylon (l.) pers.] and millet. in the united states and brazil, lines from corn, rice, bermuda grass, and ... | 2011 | 22066201 |
| baculovirus infection induces a dna damage response that is required for efficient viral replication. | several mammalian viruses have been shown to induce a cellular dna damage response during replication, and in some cases, this response is required for optimal virus replication. however, nothing is known about whether a dna damage response is stimulated by dna viruses in invertebrates. cell cycle arrest and apoptosis are two of the downstream effects of the dna damage response, and both are stimulated by baculovirus infection, suggesting a possible relationship between baculoviruses and the dna ... | 2011 | 21917957 |
| multigenic families in ichnovirus: a tissue and host specificity study through expression analysis of vankyrins from hyposoter didymator ichnovirus. | the viral ankyrin (vankyrin) gene family is represented in all polydnavirus (pdvs) genomes and encodes proteins homologous to i-kappabs, inhibitors of nf-kappab transcription factors. the structural similarities led to the hypothesis that vankyrins mimic eukaryotic factors to subvert important physiological pathways in the infected host. here, we identified nine vankyrin genes in the genome of the hyposoter didymator ichnovirus (hdiv). time-course gene expression experiments indicate that all me ... | 2011 | 22087334 |
| Co-interactive DNA-binding between a novel, immunophilin-like shrimp protein and VP15 nucleocapsid protein of white spot syndrome virus. | White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most serious pathogens of penaeid shrimp. Although its genome has been completely characterized, the functions of most of its putative proteins are not yet known. It has been suggested that the major nucleocapsid protein VP15 is involved in packaging of the WSSV genome during virion formation. However, little is known in its relationship with shrimp host cells. Using the yeast two-hybrid approach to screen a shrimp lymphoid organ (LO) cDNA library f ... | 2011 | 21980453 |
| Expression of a secreted version of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus: its evaluation as a diagnostic reagent. | The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) constitutes, together with the fusion glycoprotein, the main surface antigen of this avian pathogen, which causes a highly contagious disease, relevant economically worldwide. The purpose of this work was to obtain the HN glycoprotein as a soluble antigen in culture supernatants of recombinant baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells and to evaluate its application to the development of a recombinant ... | 2011 | 21908282 |
| Baculovirus p35 gene is oppositely regulated by P53 and AP-1 like factors in Spodoptera frugiperda. | Baculovirus p35 belongs to the early class of genes of AcMNPV and requires viral factors like Immediate Early protein-1 for its transcription. To investigate the role of host factors in regulating p35 gene expression, the putative transcription factor binding sites were examined in silico and the role of these factors in influencing the transcription of p35 gene was assessed. We focused our studies on AP-1 and P53-like factors, which are activated under oxidative stress conditions. The AP-1 moti ... | 2011 | 21986530 |
| correlation of lncr rasirnas expression with heterochromatin formation during development of the holocentric insect spodoptera frugiperda. | repeat-associated small interfering rnas (rasirnas) are derived from various genomic repetitive elements and ensure genomic stability by silencing endogenous transposable elements. here we describe a novel subset of 46 rasirnas named lncr rasirnas due to their homology with one long non-coding rna (lncr) of spodoptera frugiperda. lncr operates as the intermediate of an unclassified transposable element (te-lncr). te-lncr is a very invasive transposable element, present in high copy numbers in th ... | 2011 | 21980354 |
| low temperature-dependent salmonid alphavirus glycoprotein processing and recombinant virus-like particle formation. | pancreas disease (pd) and sleeping disease (sd) are important viral scourges in aquaculture of atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. the etiological agent of pd and sd is salmonid alphavirus (sav), an unusual member of the togaviridae (genus alphavirus). sav replicates at lower temperatures in fish. outbreaks of sav are associated with large economic losses of ~17 to 50 million $/year. current control strategies rely on vaccination with inactivated virus formulations that are cumbersome to obtain a ... | 2011 | 21991361 |
| differential protection of cry1fa toxin against spodoptera frugiperda larval gut proteases by cadherin orthologs correlates with increased synergism. | the cry proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are the most widely used biopesticides effective against a range of crop pests and disease vectors. like chemical pesticides, development of resistance is the primary threat to the long-term efficacy of bt toxins. recently discovered cadherin-based bt cry synergists showed the potential to augment resistance management by improving efficacy of cry toxins. however, the mode of action of bt cry synergists is thus far unclear. here we elucida ... | 2012 | 22081566 |
| new insights into the induction of the heat shock proteins in baculovirus infected insect cells. | eight members of the hsp/hsc70 family were identified in spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells infected with autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) by 2d electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry (maldi/tof) and a mascot search. the family includes five hsp70s induced by acmnpv-infection and three constitutive cognate hsc70s that remained abundant in infected cells. confocal microscopy revealed dynamic changes in subcellular localization of hsp/hsc70s in the course of infect ... | 2011 | 21982219 |
| substrate specificities and intracellular distributions of three n-glycan processing enzymes functioning at a key branch point in the insect n-glycosylation pathway. | man(α1-6)[glcnac(β1-2)man(α1-3)]manglcnac2 is a key branch point intermediate in the insect n-glycosylation pathway because it can be either trimmed by a processing β-n-acetylglucosaminidase (fdl) to produce paucimannosidic n-glycans or elongated by n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase ii (gnt-ii) to produce complex n-glycans. n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i (gnt-i) contributes to branch point intermediate production and can potentially reverse the fdl trimming reaction. however, there has been no ... | 2012 | 22238347 |
| isolation, cloning and high- level expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin lipocalin2 by baculovirus expression system through gateway technology. | lipocalin 2 (lcn2) is a 25-kda glycoprotein that has initially been extracted from neutrophil granules. expression of lcn2 is induced under various pathophysiological conditions. it is also known as an early marker of kidney and heart injury. high-level expression of recombinant lcn2 neutrophil gelatinase-associated (ngal) in insect cells was the aim of this study. | 2012 | 23493520 |
| insecticidal effects of acetogenins from rollinia occidentalis seed extract. | from the methanol seed extract of rollinia occidentalis five acetogenins were isolated, sylvaticin (1), rolliniastatin-1 (2), rolliniastatin-2 (3), motrilin (4) and desacetyluvaricin (5), and evaluated for their toxicity and nutritional alterations on spodoptera frugiperda smith (lepidoptera: noctuidae). all but one of the compounds produced more than 90% mortality on early larval instars at 50 and 100 microg per g of diet. sylvaticin caused 15 and 60% mortality at 50 and 100 microg/g, respectiv ... | 2012 | 23413573 |
| the putative serine protease inhibitor api m 6 from apis mellifera venom: recombinant and structural evaluation. | immunoglobulin (ig) e-mediated reactions to honeybee venom can cause severe anaphylaxis, sometimes with fatal consequences. detailed knowledge of the allergic potential of all venom components is necessary to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment of allergy and to gain a better understanding of the allergological mechanisms of insect venoms. | 2012 | 23397669 |
| [cloning and functional research of arp2/3-p40/arpc1 subunit of sf9 cells]. | the baculovirus-induced actin polymerization is mainly associated with the virus nucleocapsid protein p78/83, which is homologous with wasp proteins that can activate arp2/3 complex and induce the actin polymerization. in order to explore the role of arp2/3 complex in the baculovirus replication, the p40 subunit of arp2/3 complex from sf9 (spodoptera frugiperda 9) cell line was cloned and characterized. immunofluorescent microscopy assay indicated that p40 was recruited to the inner-side of nucl ... | 2012 | 23367557 |
| foliar herbivory triggers local and long distance defense responses in maize. | many studies have documented the induction of belowground defenses in plants in response to aboveground herbivory and vice versa, but the genes and signaling molecules mediating systemic induction are not well understood. we performed comparative microarray analysis on maize whorl and root tissues from the insect resistant inbred mp708 in response to foliar feeding by fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) caterpillars. although mp708 has elevated jasmonic acid (ja) levels prior to herbivory, gen ... | 2012 | 23265323 |
| n-glycosylations of human α1,3-fucosyltransferase ix are required for full enzyme activity. | human α1,3-fucosyltransferase ix catalyzes the transfer of l-fucose from guanosine diphosphate-β-l-fucose to n-acetyllactosamine, generating a lewis x epitope, and is thereby involved in the synthesis of fucosylated cell surface glycoconjugates. it contains three putative n-glycosylation sites (asn62, asn101 and asn153). the current study considers the functional role of these potential n-glycosylations within the enzyme. we produced truncated variants of human fucosyltransferase ix containing t ... | 2012 | 23263199 |
| sets of covariant residues modulate the activity and thermal stability of gh1 β-glucosidases. | the statistical coupling analysis of 768 β-glucosidases from the gh1 family revealed 23 positions in which the amino acid frequencies are coupled. the roles of these covariant positions in terms of the properties of β-glucosidases were investigated by alanine-screening mutagenesis using the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda β-glycosidase (sfβgly) as a model. the effects of the mutations on the sfβgly kinetic parameters (kcat/km) for the hydrolysis of three different p-nitrophenyl β-glycosides ... | 2014 | 24804841 |
| insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis cry1bh1 against ostrinia nubilalis (hubner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and other lepidopteran pests. | bacillus thuringiensis is an important source of insect resistance traits in commercial crops. in an effort to prolong b. thuringiensis trait durability, insect resistance management programs often include combinations of insecticidal proteins that are not cross resistant or have demonstrable differences in their site of action as a means to mitigate the development of resistant insect populations. in this report, we describe the activity spectrum of a novel b. thuringiensis cry protein, cry1bh1 ... | 2013 | 24077715 |
| field-evolved mode 1 resistance of the fall armyworm to transgenic cry1fa-expressing corn associated with reduced cry1fa toxin binding and midgut alkaline phosphatase expression. | insecticidal protein genes from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are expressed by transgenic bt crops (bt crops) for effective and environmentally safe pest control. the development of resistance to these insecticidal proteins is considered the most serious threat to the sustainability of bt crops. resistance in fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) populations from puerto rico to transgenic corn producing the cry1fa insecticidal protein resulted, for the first time in the united states ... | 2016 | 26637593 |
| cytotoxicity analysis of three bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis δ-endotoxins towards insect and mammalian cells. | three members of the δ-endotoxin group of toxins expressed by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, cyt2ba, cry4aa and cry11a, were individually expressed in recombinant acrystalliferous b. thuringiensis strains for in vitro evaluation of their toxic activities against insect and mammalian cell lines. both cry4aa and cry11a toxins, activated with either trypsin or spodoptera frugiperda gastric juice (gj), resulted in different cleavage patterns for the activated toxins as seen by sds-page. ... | 2012 | 23029407 |
| an amino acid substitution inhibits specialist herbivore production of an antagonist effector and recovers insect-induced plant defenses. | plants respond to insect herbivory through the production of biochemicals that function as either direct defenses or indirect defenses via the attraction of natural enemies. while attack by closely related insect pests can result in distinctive levels of induced plant defenses, precise biochemical mechanisms responsible for differing responses remain largely unknown. cowpea (vigna unguiculata) responds to fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) herbivory through the detection of fragments of chlor ... | 2012 | 23008466 |
| comparative effectiveness of potential elicitors of plant resistance against spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in four crop plants. | feeding by insect herbivores activates plant signaling pathways, resulting in the enhanced production of secondary metabolites and other resistance-related traits by injured plants. these traits can reduce insect fitness, deter feeding, and attract beneficial insects. organic and inorganic chemicals applied as a foliar spray, seed treatment, or soil drench can activate these plant responses. azelaic acid (aa), benzothiadiazole (bth), gibberellic acid (ga), harpin, and jasmonic acid (ja) are thou ... | 2015 | 26332833 |
| turnabout is fair play: herbivory-induced plant chitinases excreted in fall armyworm frass suppress herbivore defenses in maize. | the perception of herbivory by plants is known to be triggered by the deposition of insect-derived factors such as saliva and oral secretions, oviposition materials, and even feces. such insect-derived materials harbor chemical cues that may elicit herbivore and/or pathogen-induced defenses in plants. several insect-derived molecules that trigger herbivore-induced defenses in plants are known; however, insect-derived molecules suppressing them are largely unknown. in this study, we identified tw ... | 2016 | 26979328 |
| enhanced production of chikungunya virus-like particles using a high-ph adapted spodoptera frugiperda insect cell line. | chikungunya virus-like particles (vlps) have potential to be used as a prophylactic vaccine based on testing in multiple animal models and are currently being evaluated for human use in a phase i clinical trial. the current method for producing these enveloped alphavirus vlps by transient gene expression in mammalian cells presents challenges for scalable and robust industrial manufacturing, so the insect cell baculovirus expression vector system was evaluated as an alternative expression techno ... | 2014 | 24713807 |
| the baculovirus antiapoptotic p35 protein functions as an inhibitor of the host rna interference antiviral response. | rna interference (rnai) is considered an ancient antiviral defense in diverse organisms, including insects. virus infections generate double-strand rnas (dsrnas) that trigger the rnai machinery to process dsrnas into virus-derived short interfering rnas (vsirnas), which target virus genomes, mrnas, or replication intermediates. viruses, in turn, have evolved viral suppressors of rnai (vsrs) to counter host antiviral rnai. following recent discoveries that insects mount an rnai response against d ... | 2015 | 26018163 |
| inactivated genotype 1 japanese encephalitis vaccine for swine. | japanese encephalitis is a reproductive disorder caused by japanese encephalitis virus (jev) in swine. recent genotype (g) shift phenomenon (g3 to g1) in the asia-wide has posed a challenge for proper prevention by the current vaccine strain. thus, new kinds of jev g1 vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity have been required for pigs. | 2014 | 25003095 |
| involvement of three esterase genes from panonychus citri (mcgregor) in fenpropathrin resistance. | the citrus red mite, panonychus citri (mcgregor), is a major citrus pest with a worldwide distribution and an extensive record of pesticide resistance. however, the underlying molecular mechanism associated with fenpropathrin resistance in this species have not yet been reported. in this study, synergist triphenyl phosphate (tpp) dramatically increased the toxicity of fenpropathrin, suggesting involvement of carboxylesterases (cares) in the metabolic detoxification of this insecticide. the subse ... | 2016 | 27548163 |
| draft genome sequences of two bacillus thuringiensis strains and characterization of a putative 41.9-kda insecticidal toxin. | in this work, we report the genome sequencing of two bacillus thuringiensis strains using illumina next-generation sequencing technology (ngs). strain hu4-2, toxic to many lepidopteran pest species and to some mosquitoes, encoded genes for two insecticidal crystal (cry) proteins, cry1ia and cry9ea, and a vegetative insecticidal protein (vip) gene, vip3ca2. strain leapi01 contained genes coding for seven cry proteins (cry1aa, cry1ca, cry1da, cry2ab, cry9ea and two cry1ia gene variants) and a vip3 ... | 2014 | 24784323 |
| the synergistic action of imidacloprid and flumethrin and their release kinetics from collars applied for ectoparasite control in dogs and cats. | the control of tick and flea burdens in dogs and cats has become essential to the control of important and emerging vector borne diseases, some of which are zoonoses. flea worry and flea bite hypersensitivity are additionally a significant disease entity in dogs and cats. owner compliance in maintaining the pressure of control measures has been shown to be poor. for these reasons efforts are continuously being made to develop ectoparasiticides and application methods that are safe, effective and ... | 2012 | 22498105 |
| evidence of recent interspecies horizontal gene transfer regarding nucleopolyhedrovirus infection of spodoptera frugiperda. | baculoviruses are insect-associated viruses carrying large, circular double-stranded-dna genomes with significant biotechnological applications such as biological pest control, recombinant protein production, gene delivery in mammals and as a model of dna genome evolution. these pathogens infect insects from the orders lepidoptera, hymenoptera and diptera, and have high species diversity which is expressed in their diverse biological properties including morphology, virulence or pathogenicity. s ... | 2015 | 26607569 |
| the complete sequence of the first spodoptera frugiperda betabaculovirus genome: a natural multiple recombinant virus. | spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is a major pest in maize crops in colombia, and affects several regions in america. a granulovirus isolated from s. frugiperda (sfgv vg008) has potential as an enhancer of insecticidal activity of previously described nucleopolyhedrovirus from the same insect species (sfmnpv). the sfgv vg008 genome was sequenced and analyzed showing circular double stranded dna of 140,913 bp encoding 146 putative orfs that include 37 baculoviridae core genes, 88 sha ... | 2015 | 25609309 |
| the autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus orf78 is essential for budded virus production and general occlusion body formation. | orf78 (ac78) of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) is a baculovirus core gene of unknown function. to determine the role of ac78 in the baculovirus life cycle, an acmnpv mutant with ac78 deleted, ac78ko, was constructed. quantitative pcr analysis revealed that ac78 is a late gene in the viral life cycle. after transfection into spodoptera frugiperda cells, ac78ko produced a single-cell infection phenotype, indicating that no infectious budded viruses (bvs) were produce ... | 2013 | 23698311 |
| synthesis and larvicidal activity of novel thenoylhydrazide derivatives. | a pair of chemical isomeric structures of novel n-tert-butylphenyl thenoylhydrazide compounds i and ii were designed and synthesized. their structures were characterized by ms, ir, (1)h nmr, elemental analysis and x-ray single crystal diffraction. the regioselectivity of the meerwein arylation reaction and the electrophilic substitution reaction of n-tert-butyl hydrazine were studied by density functional theory (dft) quantum chemical method. the larvicidal tests revealed that some compounds i h ... | 2016 | 26960713 |
| sfdredd, a novel initiator caspase possessing activity on effector caspase substrates in spodoptera frugiperda. | sf9, a cell line derived from spodoptera frugiperda, is an ideal model organism for studying insect apoptosis. the first notable study that attempted to identify the apoptotic pathway in sf9 was performed in 1997 and included the discovery of sf-caspase-1, an effector caspase of sf9. however, it was not until 2013 that the first initiator caspase in sf9, sfdronc, was discovered, and the apoptotic pathway in sf9 became clearer. in this study, we report another caspase of sf9, sfdredd. sfdredd is ... | 2016 | 26977926 |
| the α1,6-fucosyltransferase gene (fut8) from the sf9 lepidopteran insect cell line: insights into fut8 evolution. | the core alpha1,6-fucosyltransferase (fut8) catalyzes the transfer of a fucosyl moiety from gdp-fucose to the innermost asparagine-linked n-acetylglucosamine residue of glycoproteins. in mammals, this glycosylation has an important function in many fundamental biological processes and although no essential role has been demonstrated yet in all animals, fut8 amino acid (aa) sequence and fut8 activity are very well conserved throughout the animal kingdom. we have cloned the cdna and the complete g ... | 2014 | 25333276 |
| co-expression of dorsal and rel2 negatively regulates antimicrobial peptide expression in the tobacco hornworm manduca sexta. | nuclear factor κb (nf-κb) plays an essential role in regulation of innate immunity. in mammals, nf-κb factors can form homodimers and heterodimers to activate gene expression. in insects, three nf-κb factors, dorsal, dif and relish, have been identified to activate antimicrobial peptide (amp) gene expression. however, it is not clear whether dorsal (or dif) and relish can form heterodimers. here we report the identification and functional analysis of a dorsal homologue (msdorsal) and two relish ... | 2016 | 26847920 |
| identification and characteristics of micrornas from army worm, spodoptera frugiperda cell line sf21. | micrornas play important regulatory role in all intrinsic cellular functions. amongst lepidopteran insects, mirnas from only bombyx mori have been studied extensively with a little focus on spodoptera sp. in the present study, we identified a total of 226 mirnas from spodoptera frugiperda cell line sf21. of the total, 116 mirnas were well conserved within other insects, like b. mori, drosophila melanogaster and tribolium castenum while the remaining 110 mirnas were identified as novel based on c ... | 2015 | 25693181 |
| insect inhibitor-of-apoptosis (iap) proteins are negatively regulated by signal-induced n-terminal degrons absent within viral iap proteins. | inhibitor-of-apoptosis (iap) proteins are key regulators of the innate antiviral response by virtue of their capacity to respond to signals affecting cell survival. in insects, wherein the host iap provides a primary restriction to apoptosis, diverse viruses trigger rapid iap depletion that initiates caspase-mediated apoptosis, thereby limiting virus multiplication. we report here that the n-terminal leader of two insect iaps, spodoptera frugiperda sfiap and drosophila melanogaster diap1, contai ... | 2015 | 25653450 |
| sfdronc, an initiator caspase involved in apoptosis in the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda. | initiator caspases are the first caspases that are activated following an apoptotic stimulus, and are responsible for cleaving and activating downstream effector caspases, which directly cause apoptosis. we have cloned a cdna encoding an ortholog of the initiator caspase dronc in the lepidopteran insect spodoptera frugiperda. the sfdronc cdna encodes a predicted protein of 447 amino acids with a molecular weight of 51 kda. overexpression of sfdronc induced apoptosis in sf9 cells, while partial s ... | 2013 | 23474489 |
| investigating the molecular mechanisms of organophosphate and pyrethroid resistance in the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda. | the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda is an economically important pest of small grain crops that occurs in all maize growing regions of the americas. the intensive use of chemical pesticides for its control has led to the selection of resistant populations, however, to date, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance have not been characterised. in this study the mechanisms involved in the resistance of two s. frugiperda strains collected in brazil to chlorpyrifos (op strain) or lambda-cy ... | 2013 | 23614047 |
| synergism and antagonism between bacillus thuringiensis vip3a and cry1 proteins in heliothis virescens, diatraea saccharalis and spodoptera frugiperda. | second generation bt crops (insect resistant crops carrying bacillus thuringiensis genes) combine more than one gene that codes for insecticidal proteins in the same plant to provide better control of agricultural pests. some of the new combinations involve co-expression of cry and vip genes. because cry and vip proteins have different midgut targets and possibly different mechanisms of toxicity, it is important to evaluate possible synergistic or antagonistic interactions between these two clas ... | 2014 | 25275646 |
| identification of a novel rhabdovirus in spodoptera frugiperda cell lines. | the sf9 cell line, derived from spodoptera frugiperda, is used as a cell substrate for biological products, and no viruses have been reported in this cell line after extensive testing. we used degenerate pcr assays and massively parallel sequencing (mps) to identify a novel rna virus belonging to the order mononegavirales in sf9 cells. sequence analysis of the assembled virus genome showed the presence of five open reading frames (orfs) corresponding to the genes for the n, p, m, g, and l protei ... | 2014 | 24672045 |
| mechanism of porcine liver xanthine oxidoreductase mediated n-oxide reduction of cyadox as revealed by docking and mutagenesis studies. | xanthine oxidoreductase (xor) is a cytoplasmic molybdenum-containing oxidoreductase, catalyzing both endogenous purines and exogenous compounds. it is suggested that xor in porcine hepatocytes catalyzes the n-oxide reduction of quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides (qdnos). to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this metabolism, the cdna of porcine xor was cloned and heterologously expressed in spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. the bovine xor, showing sequence identity of 91% to porcine xor, wa ... | 2013 | 24040113 |
| indica rice cultivar irga 424, transformed with cry genes of b. thuringiensis, provided high resistance against spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | plant expression of the entomopathogenic bacteria bacillus thuringiensis cry gene has reduced the damage created by insect pests in several economically important cultures. for this study, we have conducted genetic transformation of the indica rice "irga 424", via agrobacterium tumefaciens, using the b. thuringiensis cry1aa and cry1b genes, with the objective of obtaining rice plants resistant to the insect pests from this culture. the gene constructions harbor the promoters maize proteinase inh ... | 2013 | 24498761 |
| biopesticides from plants: calceolaria integrifolia s.l. | the effects of persistent organic pollutants (pops) on humans and biodiversity are multiple and varied. nowadays environmentally-friendly pesticides are strongly preferred to pops. it is noteworthy that the crop protection role of pesticides and other techniques, i.e. biopesticides, plant extracts, prevention methods, organic methods, evaluation of plant resistance to certain pests under an integrated pest management (ipm), could improve the risks and benefits which must be assessed on a sound s ... | 2014 | 24893349 |
| baculovirus expression of the avian paramyxovirus 2 hn gene for diagnostic applications. | avian paramyxovirus 2 (apmv-2) infections are associated with respiratory diseases in poultry worldwide. the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test is a useful tool for surveillance and monitoring of this virus. in this study, full-length hemagglutinin (hn) gene of apmv-2 was chemically synthesized based on its published sequence, cloned and expressed in spodoptera frugiperda insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses. the biological, antigenic and immunogenic properties of the expressed protei ... | 2014 | 24374124 |
| antimicrobial and antiinsectan phenolic metabolites of dalea searlsiae. | continued interest in the chemistry of dalea spp. led to investigation of dalea searlsiae, a plant native to areas of the western united states. methanol extractions of d. searlsiae roots and subsequent chromatographic fractionation afforded the new prenylated and geranylated flavanones malheurans a-d (1-4) and known flavanones (5 and 6). known rotenoids (7 and 8) and isoflavones (9 and 10) were isolated from aerial portions. structure determination of pure compounds was accomplished primarily b ... | 2014 | 24761805 |
| predator preference for bt-fed spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) prey: implications for insect resistance management in bt maize seed blends. | understanding indirect, trophic-level effects of genetically engineered plants, expressing insecticidal proteins derived from the bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), is essential to the ecological risk assessment process. in this study, we examine potential indirect, trophic-level effects of bt-sensitive prey using the predator, harmonia axyridis (pallas), feeding upon spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) larvae, which had delayed development (lower body mass) following ingestion of cry1ab mai ... | 2017 | 28369505 |
| recombinant bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd73 strain that synthesizes cry1ac and chimeric chia74∆sp chitinase inclusions. | in this study, the endochitinase chia74 gene lacking its secretion signal peptide sequence (chia74∆sp) was fused in frame with the sequence coding for the c-terminal crystallization domain and transcription terminator of cry1ac. the chimeric gene was expressed under the strong pcyta-p/stab-sd promoter system in an acrystalliferous cry(-)b strain of bacillus thuringiensis and b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd73. we showed that the chimeric chia74∆sp produced amorphous inclusions in both cry(-)b ... | 2017 | 28184966 |
| frequency of cry1f resistance alleles in spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in brazil. | the frequency of resistance alleles is a major factor influencing the rate of resistance evolution. here, we adapted the f2 screen procedure for spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) with a discriminating concentration assay, and extended associated statistical methods to estimate the frequency of resistance to cry1f protein in s. frugiperda in brazil when resistance was not rare. | 2016 | 26990201 |
| effective dominance of resistance of spodoptera frugiperda to bt maize and cotton varieties: implications for resistance management. | the resistance of fall armyworm (faw), spodoptera frugiperda, has been characterized to some cry and vip3a proteins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) expressed in transgenic maize in brazil. here we evaluated the effective dominance of resistance based on the survival of neonates from selected bt-resistant, heterozygous, and susceptible (sus) strains of faw on different bt maize and cotton varieties. high survival of strains resistant to the cry1f (hx-r), cry1a.105/cry2ab (vt-r) and cry1a.105/cry2a ... | 2016 | 27721425 |
| vip3aa induces apoptosis in cultured spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells. | the vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip) secreted by many bacillus thuringiensis strains during their vegetative growth stage are regarded as second generation insecticidal proteins, as they share no sequence or structural homology with known crystal insecticidal proteins (cry) and have a broad insecticidal spectrum. compared with insecticidal crystal proteins (icps), the insecticidal mechanisms of vips have been little studied. here we investigated the mechanism responsible for vip3aa toxicit ... | 2016 | 27476462 |
| current situation of pests targeted by bt crops in latin america. | transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis- (bt) insecticidal proteins (bt crops) have provided useful pest management tools to growers for the past 20 years. planting bt crops has reduced the use of synthetic insecticides on cotton, maize and soybean fields in 11 countries throughout latin america. one of the threats that could jeopardize the sustainability of bt crops is the development of resistance by targeted pests. governments of many countries require vigilance in measuring changes ... | 2016 | 27436743 |
| cry1f resistance among lepidopteran pests: a model for improved resistance management? | the cry1fa protein from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is known for its potential to control lepidopteran pests, especially through transgenic expression in maize and cotton. the maize event tc1507 expressing the cry1fa toxin gene became commercially available in the united states in 2003 for the management of key lepidopteran pests including the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, and the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda. a high-dose/refuge strategy has been widely adopted t ... | 2016 | 27436741 |
| impact of lepidoptera (crambidae, noctuidae, and pyralidae) pests on corn containing pyramided bt traits and a blended refuge in the southern united states. | blended refuge for transgenic plants expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins has been approved in the northern united states as a resistance management strategy alternative to a structured refuge. a three-year study (2012-2014) was conducted with 54 trials across nine states in the southern united states to evaluate plant injury from lepidopteran pests of corn and yield in a corn hybrid expressing cry1f × cry1ab × vip3aa20 (pioneer brand optimum leptra) planted as a pure stand and in refug ... | 2016 | 27329627 |
| f2 screen for resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry2ab2-maize in field populations of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) from the southern united states. | the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a target pest of transgenic maize and cotton expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins in both north and south america. in 2013 and 2014, a total of 215 f2 two-parent families of s. frugiperda were established using single-pair mating of field individuals collected from seven locations in four states of the southern u.s.: texas, louisiana, georgia, and florida. the objective of the investigation was to dete ... | 2016 | 27311896 |
| performance and cross-crop resistance of cry1f-maize selected spodoptera frugiperda on transgenic bt cotton: implications for resistance management. | transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins have become a primary tool in pest management. due to the intensive use of bt crops, resistance of the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda, to cry1f maize has occurred in puerto rico, brazil, and some areas of the southeastern u.s. the sustainability of bt crops faces a great challenge because the cry1f-maize resistant s. frugiperda may also infest other bt crops in multiple cropping ecosystems. here we examined the survival and pl ... | 2016 | 27301612 |
| life-history traits of spodoptera frugiperda populations exposed to low-dose bt maize. | exposure to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins in low- and moderate-dose transgenic crops may induce sublethal effects and increase the rate of bt resistance evolution, potentially compromising control efficacy against target pests. we tested this hypothesis using the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda, a major polyphagous lepidopteran pest relatively tolerant to bt notorious for evolving field-relevant resistance to single-gene bt maize. late-instar larvae were collected from bt cry1ab and non ... | 2016 | 27243977 |
| fitness costs and stability of cry1fa resistance in brazilian populations of spodoptera frugiperda. | the presence of fitness costs of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal proteins in insect populations may delay or even reverse the local selection of insect resistance to bt transgenic crops, and deserves rigorous investigation. here we assessed the fitness costs associated with cry1fa resistance in two strains of fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae), derived from field collections in different brazilian regions and further selected in the laboratory fo ... | 2017 | 27147125 |
| frequency of cry1f non-recessive resistance alleles in north carolina field populations of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a target species of transgenic corn (zea mays l.) that expresses single and pyramided bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin. in 2014, s. frugiperda were collected from a light trap in north carolina, and a total of 212 f1/f2 isofemale lines of s. frugiperda were screened for resistance to bt and non-bt corn. all of the 212 isolines were susceptible to corn tissue expressing cry1a.105 + cry2ab, cry1f + cry1a.105 + cry2ab, ... | 2016 | 27119741 |
| heritability of wing size and shape of the rice and corn strains of spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) represents a pest of economic importance in all western hemisphere. this polyphagous species has diverged into two populations that have been mainly recognized with various mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers and named "the rice" and "the corn" strains. in colombia, both strains have evolved prezygotic and postzygotic isolation. they differ in tolerance to bacillus thuringiensis (cry1ac and cry1ab endotoxins) and the insecticide ... | 2016 | 27044394 |
| selection and characterization of resistance to the vip3aa20 protein from bacillus thuringiensis in spodoptera frugiperda. | spodoptera frugiperda is one the main target pests of maize events expressing vip3aa20 protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in brazil. in this study, we selected a resistant strain of s. frugiperda on bt maize expressing vip3aa20 protein and characterized the inheritance and fitness costs of the resistance. | 2016 | 26733182 |
| resistance to dual-gene bt maize in spodoptera frugiperda: selection, inheritance, and cross-resistance to other transgenic events. | transgenic crop "pyramids" producing two or more bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins active against the same pest are used to delay evolution of resistance in insect pest populations. laboratory and greenhouse experiments were performed with fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda, to characterize resistance to bt maize producing cry1a.105 and cry2ab and test some assumptions of the "pyramid" resistance management strategy. selection of a field-derived strain of s. frugiperda already resistant to cr ... | 2015 | 26675246 |
| a high-throughput, in-vitro assay for bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins. | a high-throughput, in-vitro assay for bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal proteins designated as cry was developed and evaluated for screening a large number of cry protein variants produced by dna shuffling. this automation-amenable assay exploits an insect cell line expressing a single receptor of bt cry proteins. the cry toxin used to develop this assay is a variant of the cry1ab protein called ip1-88, which was produced previously by dna shuffling. cell mortality caused by the activated ... | 2016 | 26524384 |
| cross-resistance between cry1 proteins in fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) may affect the durability of current pyramided bt maize hybrids in brazil. | genetically modified plants expressing insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) offer valuable options for managing insect pests with considerable environmental and economic benefits. despite the benefits provided by bt crops, the continuous expression of these insecticidal proteins imposes strong selection for resistance in target pest populations. bt maize (zea mays) hybrids have been successful in controlling fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda), the main maize pest in brazil s ... | 2015 | 26473961 |
| fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) development, survivorship, and damage on cotton plants expressing insecticidal plant-incorporated protectants. | cotton, gossypium hirsutum (l.), plants expressing insecticidal crystal (cry) proteins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner are planted on significant acreage across the southern region of the united states. fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), can be a significant cotton pest in some years, but this species has not been a primary target of bt cotton technologies. the objective of this study was to quantify fall armyworm larval survivorship and fruiting form injury on transgeni ... | 2015 | 26470233 |
| lepidoptera (crambidae, noctuidae, and pyralidae) injury to corn containing single and pyramided bt traits, and blended or block refuge, in the southern united states. | fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae); corn earworm, helicoverpa zea boddie (lepidoptera: noctuidae); southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar (lepidoptera: crambidae); sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis f. (lepidoptera: crambidae); and lesser cornstalk borer, elasmopalpus lignosellus zeller (lepidoptera: pyralidae), are lepidopteran pests of corn, zea mays l., in the southern united states. blended refuge for transgenic plants expressing the i ... | 2015 | 26470116 |
| geographical and temporal variability in susceptibility to cry1f toxin from bacillus thuringiensis in spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) populations in brazil. | the genetically modified maize tc1507 event with the cry1f gene (cry1f maize) has been used to control spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in brazil since the 2009-2010 cropping season. as part of the insect resistance management program, we conducted studies to determine the baseline susceptibility to cry1f before the widespread planting of cry1f maize. subsequently, we evaluated the geographical and temporal variability of susceptibility to this toxin in populations of ... | 2014 | 26470084 |
| dominance of cry1f resistance in spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on tc1507 bt maize in brazil. | dominance of resistance has been one of the major parameters affecting the rate of evolution of resistance to bt crops. high dose is the capacity of bt crops to kill heterozygous insects and has been an essential component of the most successful strategy to manage resistance to these crops. experiments were conducted to evaluate directly and indirectly whether the tc1507 event is high dose to spodoptera frugiperda (je smith). | 2016 | 26172071 |
| cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis active against diamondback moth and fall armyworm. | biopesticides based on bacillus thuringiensis and genetically modified plants with genes from this bacterium have been used to control plutella xylostella (l.) and spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith). however, the selection pressure imposed by these technologies may undermine the efficiency of this important alternative to synthetic insecticides. toxins with different modes of action allow a satisfactory control of these insects. the purpose of this study was to characterize the protein and gene ... | 2015 | 26070631 |
| two specific membrane-bound aminopeptidase n isoforms from aedes aegypti larvae serve as functional receptors for the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin implicating counterpart specificity. | the interaction between bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins and their receptors on midgut cells of susceptible insect larvae is the critical determinant in toxin specificity. besides gpi-linked alkaline phosphatase in aedes aegypti mosquito-larval midguts, membrane-bound aminopeptidase n (aaeapn) is widely thought to serve as a cry4ba receptor. here, two full-length aaeapn isoforms, aaeapn2778 and aaeapn2783, predicted to be gpi-linked were cloned and successfully expressed in spodoptera frugiperd ... | 2015 | 25871797 |
| fitness costs of cry1f resistance in two populations of fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith), collected from puerto rico and florida. | the development of resistance in target pest populations is a threat to the sustainability of transgenic crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins. fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith), is a major target pest of bt maize in north and south america. this insect is the first target pest that has developed field resistance to bt maize at multiple locations in these regions. the objective of this study was to assess the fitness costs associated with the cry1f resistance in t ... | 2015 | 25791021 |
| cry1f resistance in fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided bt maize. | evolution of insect resistance to transgenic crops containing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) genes is a serious threat to the sustainability of this technology. however, field resistance related to the reduced efficacy of bt maize has not been documented in any lepidopteran pest in the mainland u.s. after 18 years of intensive bt maize planting. here we report compelling evidence of field resistance in the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith), to cry1f maize (tc 3507) in the southeaste ... | 2014 | 25401494 |
| spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) with field-evolved resistance to bt maize are susceptible to bt pesticides. | field-evolved resistance to maize event tc1507 expressing the cry1fa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was detected in populations of spodoptera frugiperda from puerto rico. we tested for cross-resistance to purified cry1a toxins and commercial bt pesticides in susceptible (benzon) and tc1507-resistant (456) strains of s. frugiperda. larvae from the 456 strain exhibited cross-resistance to cry1ab and cry1ac toxins, while no differences in susceptibility to xentari wg and dipel es pesticides ... | 2014 | 25218399 |
| in vivo and in vitro binding of vip3aa to spodoptera frugiperda midgut and characterization of binding sites by (125)i radiolabeling. | bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip3a) have been recently introduced in important crops as a strategy to delay the emerging resistance to the existing cry toxins. the mode of action of vip3a proteins has been studied in spodoptera frugiperda with the aim of characterizing their binding to the insect midgut. immunofluorescence histological localization of vip3aa in the midgut of intoxicated larvae showed that vip3aa bound to the brush border membrane along the entire apic ... | 2014 | 25002420 |
| proteolytic processing of bacillus thuringiensis vip3a proteins by two spodoptera species. | vip3 proteins have been described to be secreted by bacillus thuringiensis during the vegetative growth phase and to display a broad insecticidal spectrum against lepidopteran larvae. vip3aa protoxin has been reported to be significantly more toxic to spodoptera frugiperda than to spodoptera exigua and differences in the midgut processing have been proposed to be responsible. in contrast, we have found that vip3ae is essentially equally toxic against these two species. proteolysis experiments we ... | 2014 | 24979528 |
| requirement of simultaneous assessment of crystal- and supernatant-related entomotoxic activities of bacillus thuringiensis strains for biocontrol-product development. | bioinsecticides with lower concentrations of endospores/crystals and without loss of efficiency are economically advantageous for pest biocontrol. in addition to cry proteins, other bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins in culture supernatants (sn) have biocontrol potential (e.g., vip3a, cry1i, sip1), whereas others are unwanted (β-exotoxins), as they display widespread toxicity across taxa. a strain simultaneously providing distinct toxin activities in crystals and sn would be desirable for bioins ... | 2014 | 24854738 |
| a comparison of bt transgene, hybrid background, water stress, and insect stress effects on corn leaf and ear injury and subsequent yield. | experimentally manipulated water and insect stresses were applied to field-grown corn with different bacillus thuringiensis (bt) transgenes and no bt transgenes, and different nontransgenic hybrid backgrounds (2011 and 2012, corpus christi, tx). differences in leaf injury, ear injury, and yield were detected among experimental factors and their interactions. under high and low water stress, injury from noctuid larvae (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on leaves during vegetative growth (primarily from fal ... | 2014 | 24780114 |
| baseline susceptibility and monitoring of brazilian populations of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) to vip3aa20 insecticidal protein. | the genetically modified maize expressing vip3aa20 insecticidal protein from bacillus thuringiensis berliner is abiotechnological option for the control of spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) and diatraea saccharalis (f.) in brazil. to support an insect resistance management program, we conducted studies of baseline susceptibility and monitoring of brazilian populations of s. frugiperda and d. saccharalis to the vip3aa20 insecticidal protein. neonates were exposed to vip3aa20 applied on artificia ... | 2014 | 24772561 |
| a novel recombinant baculovirus overexpressing a bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin enhances insecticidal activity. | baculoviruses have been genetically modified to express foreign genes under powerful promoters in order to accelerate their speed of killing. in this study a truncated form of cry1ab gene derived from bacillus thuringinsis (bt) subsp. aegypti isolate bt7 was engineered into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica multiple nuclearpolyhedrosis wild type virus, in place of the polyhedrin gene by using homologous recombination in spodoptera frugiperda (sf) cells between a transfer vecto ... | 2014 | 24735532 |
| managing the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis, and corn earworm, helicoverpa zea, using bt corn and insecticide treatments. | the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (fabricius) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), are important pests of corn in brazil and have not been successfully managed, because of the difficulty of managing them with pesticides. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bt corn mon810, transformed with a gene from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bacillales: bacillaceae) insecticide seed treatment, and foliar insecticid ... | 2013 | 24735131 |
| efficacy of pyramided bt proteins cry1f, cry1a.105, and cry2ab2 expressed in smartstax corn hybrids against lepidopteran insect pests in the northern united states. | commercial field corn (zea mays l.) hybrids transformed to express some or all of the lepidopteran insect-resistant traits present in smartstax corn hybrids were evaluated for insecticidal efficacy against a wide range oflepidopteran corn pests common to the northern united states, during 2008 to 2011 at locations in 15 states. smartstax hybrids contain a pyramid of two bacillus thuringiensis (bt) derived events for lepidopteran control: event tc1507 expressing cry1f protein and mon 89034 expres ... | 2014 | 24665726 |
| susceptibility and aversion of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to cry1f bt maize and considerations for insect resistance management. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) maize was developed primarily for north american pests such as european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis (hübner)). however, most bt maize products are also cultivated outside of north america, where the primary pests may be different and may have lower susceptibility to bt toxins. fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda je smith) is an important pest and primary target of bt maize in central and south america. s. frugiperda susceptibility to cry1f (expressed in event tc15 ... | 2014 | 24665722 |
| fitness costs associated with field-evolved resistance to bt maize in spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | increasing adoption of transgenic crops expressing cry toxin genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt crops) represents an augmented risk for development of insect resistance. while fitness costs can greatly influence the rate of resistance evolution, most available data related to bt resistance have been obtained from laboratory-selected insect strains. in this article, we test the existence of fitness costs associated with high levels of field-evolved resistance to bt maize event tc1507 in a stra ... | 2014 | 24665719 |
| bioactivity of piper hispidinervum (piperales: piperaceae) and syzygium aromaticum (myrtales: myrtaceae) oils, with or without formulated bta on the biology and immunology of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the combination of essential oils and bacillus thuringiensis berliner may represent an interesting control strategy. thus, the study tested the following hypothesis: the combination of long pepper oil (piper hispidinervum l.) and clove (syzygium aromaticum l.) oils in two concentrations with xentari wg (bta) yields a more effective control of spodoptera frugiperda (je smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) affecting biological and reproductive parameters and leading to changes in the levels of phenolox ... | 2014 | 24665696 |
| a screening of five bacillus thuringiensis vip3a proteins for their activity against lepidopteran pests. | five bacillus thuringiensis vip3a proteins (vip3aa, vip3ab, vip3ad, vip3ae and vip3af) and their corresponding trypsin-activated toxins were tested for their toxicity against eight lepidopteran pests: agrotis ipsilon, helicoverpa armigera, mamestra brassicae, spodoptera exigua, spodoptera frugiperda, spodoptera littoralis, ostrinia nubilalis and lobesia botrana. toxicity was first tested at a high dose at 7 and 10 days. no major differences were found when comparing protoxins vs. trypsin-activat ... | 2014 | 24508583 |
| using resistant prey demonstrates that bt plants producing cry1ac, cry2ab, and cry1f have no negative effects on geocoris punctipes and orius insidiosus. | geocoris punctipes (say) and orius insidiosus (say) are generalist predators found in a wide range of crops, including cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and maize (zea mays l.), where they provide important biological control services by feeding on an array of pests, including eggs and small larvae of caterpillars. a high percentage of cotton and maize in the united states and several other countries are transgenic cultivars that produce one or more of the insecticidal cry proteins of bacillus thur ... | 2014 | 24472212 |
| eliminating host-mediated effects demonstrates bt maize producing cry1f has no adverse effects on the parasitoid cotesia marginiventris. | the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is an important pest of maize in the united states and many tropical areas in the western hemisphere. in 2001, herculex i(®) (cry1f) maize was commercially planted in the united states to control lepidoptera, including s. frugiperda. in 2006, a population of s. frugiperda was discovered in puerto rico that had evolved resistance to cry1f maize in the field, making it the first well-documented case of an insect with ... | 2014 | 24026808 |
| inheritance of cry1f resistance, cross-resistance and frequency of resistant alleles in spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | transgenic maize, zea maize l., expressing the cry1f protein from bacillus thuringiensis has been registered for spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) control since 2003. unexpected damage to cry1f maize was reported in 2006 in puerto rico and cry1f resistance in s. frugiperda was documented. the inheritance of cry1f resistance was characterized in a s. frugiperda resistant strain originating from puerto rico, which displayed >289-fold resistance to purified cry1f. concentration-response bioassays ... | 2013 | 23941623 |
| shared midgut binding sites for cry1a.105, cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac and cry1fa proteins from bacillus thuringiensis in two important corn pests, ostrinia nubilalis and spodoptera frugiperda. | first generation of insect-protected transgenic corn (bt-corn) was based on the expression of cry1ab or cry1fa proteins. currently, the trend is the combination of two or more genes expressing proteins that bind to different targets. in addition to broadening the spectrum of action, this strategy helps to delay the evolution of resistance in exposed insect populations. one of such examples is the combination of cry1a.105 with cry1fa and cry2ab to control o. nubilalis and s. frugiperda. cry1a.105 ... | 2013 | 23861865 |
| bt crops producing cry1ac, cry2ab and cry1f do not harm the green lacewing, chrysoperla rufilabris. | the biological control function provided by natural enemies is regarded as a protection goal that should not be harmed by the application of any new pest management tool. plants producing cry proteins from the bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), have become a major tactic for controlling pest lepidoptera on cotton and maize and risk assessment studies are needed to ensure they do not harm important natural enemies. however, using cry protein susceptible hosts as prey often compromises such s ... | 2013 | 23544126 |
| insecticidal activity of vip3aa, vip3ad, vip3ae, and vip3af from bacillus thuringiensis against lepidopteran corn pests. | vip3aa, vip3ad, vip3ae, and vip3af proteins from bacillus thuringiensis were tested for their toxicity against spodoptera frugiperda and agrotis ipsilon. vip3ad was non-toxic to the two species. vip3ae and vip3af were significantly more toxic than vip3aa against s. frugiperda, both as protoxins and as toxins. against a. ipsilon, vip3ae protoxin was more toxic than vip3aa and vip3af protoxins. purification by metal-chelate affinity chromatography significantly affected vip3ae toxicity against the ... | 2013 | 23415860 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry1ia10 and vip3aa protein interactions and their toxicity in spodoptera spp. (lepidoptera). | the polyphagous pests belonging to the genus spodoptera are considered to be among the most important causes of damage and are widely distributed throughout the americas'. due to the extensive use of genetically modified plants containing bacillus thuringiensis genes that code for insecticidal proteins, resistant insects may arise. to prevent the development of resistance, pyramided plants, which express multiple insecticidal proteins that act through distinct mode of actions, can be used. this ... | 2013 | 23220241 |
| evaluation of corn hybrids expressing cry1f, cry1a.105, cry2ab2, cry34ab1/cry35ab1, and cry3bb1 against southern united states insect pests. | studies were conducted across the southern united states to characterize the efficacy of multiple bacillus thuringiensis (bt) events in a field corn, zea mays l., hybrid for control of common lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. cry1f protein in event tc1507 and cry1a.105 + cry2ab2 proteins in event mon 89034 were evaluated against pests infesting corn on above-ground plant tissue including foliage, stalks, and ears. cry34ab1/cry35ab1 proteins in event das-59122-7 and cry3bb1 in event mon 88017 w ... | 2012 | 23156183 |
| susceptibility of spodoptera frugiperda and s. exigua to bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa insecticidal protein. | the vip3aa protein is an insecticidal protein secreted by bacillus thuringiensis during the vegetative stage of growth. the activity of this protein has been tested after different steps/protocols of purification using spodoptera frugiperda as a control insect. the results showed that the vip3aa protoxin was stable and retained full toxicity after being subjected to common biochemical steps used in protein purification. bioassays with the protoxin in s. frugiperda and s. exigua showed pronounced ... | 2012 | 22465567 |
| bacillus thuringiensis monogenic strains: screening and interactions with insecticides used against rice pests. | the screening of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry proteins with high potential to control insect pests has been the goal of numerous research groups. in this study, we evaluated six monogenic bt strains (bt dendrolimus hd-37, bt kurstaki hd-1, bt kurstaki hd-73, bt thuringiensis 4412, bt kurstaki nrd-12 and bt entomocidus 60.5, which codify the cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac, cry1ba, cry1c, cry2a genes respectively) as potential insecticides for the most important insect pests of irrigated rice: spodopte ... | 2012 | 24031872 |
| specific binding of radiolabeled cry1fa insecticidal protein from bacillus thuringiensis to midgut sites in lepidopteran species. | cry1fa insecticidal protein was successfully radiolabeled with (125)i-na. specific binding to brush border membrane vesicles was shown for the lepidopteran species ostrinia nubilalis, spodoptera frugiperda, spodoptera exigua, helicoverpa armigera, heliothis virescens, and plutella xylostella. homologous competition assays were performed to obtain equilibrium binding parameters (k(d) [dissociation constant] and r(t) [concentration of binding sites]) for these six insect species. | 2012 | 22447600 |
| using field-evolved resistance to cry1f maize in a lepidopteran pest to demonstrate no adverse effects of cry1f on one of its major predators. | spodoptera frugiperda (je smith) represents the first documented case of field-evolved resistance to a genetically engineered crop expressing an insecticidal protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt). in this case it was cry1f-expressing maize (mycogen 2a517). the ladybird beetle, coleomegilla maculata, is a common and abundant predator that suppresses pest populations in maize and many other cropping systems. its larvae and adults are polyphagous, feeding on aphids, thrips, lepidopteran eggs and ... | 2012 | 22373893 |