| scopolamine in brugmansia suaveolens (solanaceae): defense, allocation, costs, and induced response. | brugmansia suaveolens (solanaceae) contains tropane alkaloids (tas), which can act as chemical defenses. selective pressures might modulate the allocation of alkaloids within the plant, as postulated by optimal-defense theory. by tracing scopolamine, the most abundant ta in this species, we found that scopolamine in an artificial diet, in concentrations similar to those in leaves of b. suaveolens, increased mortality and prolonged developmental time of the larvae of the generalist noctuid moth s ... | 2007 | 17195118 |
| oil-soluble dyes for marking spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | although various biological aspects of spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) have been examined, adult movement and dispersal of this insect pest is not well understood. release-recapture techniques by using marked insects is a useful approach for dispersal studies; however, the marking technique should not significantly affect insect biology or behavior. therefore, the effect of different concentrations of oil-soluble dyes (solvent blue 35 [c.i. 61554], sudan red 7b [c.i. ... | 2006 | 17195680 |
| production of sumoylated proteins using a baculovirus expression system. | spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells were found to possess an active endogenous sumoylation system. however, the endogenous sumoylation machinery did not efficiently modify exogenous proteins expressed by infection with recombinant baculoviruses. to overcome this limitation, mammalian sumoylation components were introduced by co-infection with recombinant baculoviruses expressing individual protein components of the sumoylation pathway. expression of mammalian ubc9 plus sumo (either sumo1 or sumo3) w ... | 2007 | 17208312 |
| the aedes albopictus inhibitor of apoptosis 1 gene protects vertebrate cells from bluetongue virus-induced apoptosis. | we sequenced and characterized the inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) 1 gene from aedes albopictus, designated as aaiap1. the aaiap1 gene rescued spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells from apoptosis when cotransfected with the drosophila pro-apoptotic hid gene. the antiapoptotic function of the aaiap1 gene was evaluated in the bluetongue virus (btv)-induced apoptosis system. btv infection induced apoptosis in vertebrate cells via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. this was shown by the translocation of cyto ... | 2007 | 17257212 |
| design of carrier trnas and selection of four-base codons for efficient incorporation of various nonnatural amino acids into proteins in spodoptera frugiperda 21 (sf21) insect cell-free translation system. | spodoptera frugiperda 21 (sf21) insect cell-free protein synthesizing system was expanded to include nonnatural amino acids. orthogonal trnas that work as carriers of nonnatural amino acids in the insect system were explored. four-base codons for assigning the positions of nonnatural amino acids were also selected. mutated streptavidin mrnas that contained different four-base codons were prepared and added to the insect cell-free system in the presence of various trnas possessing the correspondi ... | 2006 | 17270715 |
| influence of parasitism by chelonus insularis cresson (hymenoptera: braconidae) on the susceptibility of spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to insecticides. | the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus insularis cresson is a key parasitoid of the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) during the second field generation in the upper magdalena river basin, colombia. in spite of selection pressure, the higher susceptibility of the second generation fall armyworm larvae to insecticides, compared with that of the first generation, suggests that the parasitism may be responsible for the apparent difference in susceptibility. parasitized and non-parasitiz ... | 2006 | 17273714 |
| metabolic engineering of the baculovirus-expression system via inverse "shotgun" genomic analysis and rna interference (dsrna) increases product yield and cell longevity. | rna interference (rnai) is as powerful tool for characterizing gene function in eukaryotic organisms and cultured cell lines. its use in metabolic engineering has been limited and few reports have targeted protein expression systems to increase yield. in this work, we examine the use of in vitro synthesized double stranded rna (dsrna) in the baculovirus expression vector system (bevs), using commercially relevant cultured cells (spodoptera frugiperda, sf-9) and larvae (trichoplusia ni) as hosts. ... | 2007 | 17274062 |
| flavonoids of zoysiagrass (zoysia spp.) cultivars varying in fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) resistance. | flavonoid profiles of 12 zoysiagrass (zoysia spp.) cultivars sampled six times in 1998 were correlated to fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda j. e. smith) larval weights and survival on replicated field-grown plant material and analyzed to determine genetic and seasonal variations of flavonoids among zoysiagrass cultivars. from multiple regression analyses and correlations, flavonoid peak 10 (luteolin-glucoside) had the greatest positive association with average fall armyworm weight; however, r ... | 2007 | 17288435 |
| modeling rotavirus-like particles production in a baculovirus expression vector system: infection kinetics, baculovirus dna replication, mrna synthesis and protein production. | rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea in children worldwide, responsible for more than half a million deaths in children per year. rotavirus-like particles (rota vlps) are excellent vaccine candidates against rotavirus infection, since they are non-infectious, highly immunogenic, amenable to large-scale production and safer to produce than those based on attenuated viruses. this work focuses on the analysis and modeling of the major events taking place inside spodoptera frugiper ... | 2007 | 17289202 |
| development of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors carrying small interfering rna (shhec1)-mediated depletion of kinetochore hec1 protein in tumor cells. | transcript depletion using small interfering rna (sirna) technology represents a potentially valuable technique for the treatment of cancer. however, delivering therapeutic quantities of sirna into solid tumors by chemical transfection is not feasible, whereas viral vectors efficiently transduce many human tumor cell lines. yet producing sufficient quantities of viral vectors that elicit acute and selective cytotoxicity remains a major obstacle for preclinical and clinical trials. using the inve ... | 2007 | 17330085 |
| influenza virus-like particles elicit broader immune responses than whole virion inactivated influenza virus or recombinant hemagglutinin. | influenza virus is a highly infectious respiratory pathogen that results in severe morbidity and mortality. the current licensed trivalent vaccine formulations in the u.s. are made from virus grown in allantoic fluid from infected hen eggs that is then chemically inactivated and split into subunit components. these vaccines elicit antibodies, primarily to the viral hemagglutinin (ha), which are efficacious in healthy adults, but are limited in protecting high risk individuals, such as the elderl ... | 2007 | 17337102 |
| bioactive constituents from rollinia emarginata (annonaceae). | from an argentine collection of the tropical tree rollinia emarginata (annonaceae), vomifoliol, dehydrovomifoliol, blumenol c, loliolide, 7-epiloliolide, vanillin, dihydroactinolide, as well as other common plant constituents were obtained, and identified by their nmr and ms features compared with authentic samples. antifeedant and toxic actions were exerted to the polyphagous moth spodoptera frugiperda by the ethanol extract of the plant, at 250 ppm in the larval diet. additionally, in greenhou ... | 2007 | 17365716 |
| cowpea chloroplastic atp synthase is the source of multiple plant defense elicitors during insect herbivory. | in cowpea (vigna unguiculata), fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) herbivory and oral secretions (os) elicit phytohormone production and volatile emission due to inceptin [vu-in; (+)icdingvcvda(-)], a peptide derived from chloroplastic atp synthase gamma-subunit (catpc) proteins. elicitor-induced plant volatiles can function as attractants for natural enemies of insect herbivores. we hypothesized that inceptins are gut proteolysis products and that larval os should contain a mixture of related ... | 2007 | 17369425 |
| sequence and organization of the heliothis virescens ascovirus genome. | the nucleotide sequence of the heliothis virescens ascovirus (hvav-3e) dna genome was determined and characterized in this study. the circular genome consists of 186,262 bp, has a g+c content of 45.8 mol% and encodes 180 potential open reading frames (orfs). five unique homologous regions (hrs), 23 'baculovirus repeat orfs' (bro) and genes encoding a caspase homologue and several enzymes involved in nucleotide replication and metabolism were found in the genome. several ascovirus (av)-, iridovir ... | 2007 | 17374755 |
| oral toxicity of beta-n-acetyl hexosaminidase to insects. | insect chitin is a potential target for resistance plant proteins, but plant-derived chitin-degrading enzymes active against insects are virtually unknown. commercial beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase (naha), a chitin-degrading enzyme from jack bean canavalia ensiformis, caused significant mortality of fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda larvae at 75 microg/gm, but no significant mortality was noted with aspergillus niger naha. maize zea mays callus transformed to express an arabidopsis thaliana clone ... | 2007 | 17417870 |
| the autographa californica m nucleopolyhedrovirus fibroblast growth factor accelerates host mortality. | the fibroblast growth factor (vfgf) gene encoded by autographa californica m nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) has been shown to share functional properties with cellular fgfs; it is a secreted protein, binds heparin, and stimulates motility of insect cells. we previously reported that viruses containing or lacking vfgf produced similar yields of budded virus and had similar kinetics of viral dna and protein syntheses in cultured cells. in this study, we characterized these viruses in two permissive ... | 2007 | 17459443 |
| effects of bacillus thuringiensis transgenic corn on corn earworm and fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) densities. | we examined 17 pairs of near-isogenic hybrids of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) (176, mon810, and bt11) and non-bt corn, zea mays l., to examine the effects of bt on larval densities of helicoverpa zea (boddie) and spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) during 2 yr. during ear formation, instar densities of h. zea and s. frugiperda were recorded for each hybrid. we found that h. zea first, second, and fifth instar densities were each affected by mon810 and bt11 bt corn but not ... | 2007 | 17461054 |
| sf-caspase-1-repressed stable cells: resistance to apoptosis and augmentation of recombinant protein production. | sf-caspase-1 [spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) caspase-1] is the most studied effector caspase of lepidoptera and its activation may lead cells to apoptosis (programmed cell death) when under uv irradiation or baculovirus infection. in the present study, we repressed the expression of sf-caspase-1 in sf9 (s. frugiperda 9) cells using constitutive rna interference, and evaluated the effects of stress responses and the production of proteins in recombinant baculovirus-infected cells. the sf-c ... | 2007 | 17472583 |
| propagation of bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus in nonpermissive insect cell lines. | this study addresses the susceptibility of spodoptera frugiperda (sf9 and sf21), trichoplusia ni (hi5), and s. exigua (se301) cells to the bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (bmnpv). although these cells have classically been considered nonpermissive to bmnpv, the cytopathic effect, an increase in viral yield, and viral dna synthesis by bmnpv were observed in sf9, sf21, and hi5 cells, but not in se301 cells. very late gene expression by bmnpv in these cell lines was also detected via beta-galactos ... | 2007 | 17483798 |
| a novel thrombopoietin-stem-cell factor fusion protein possesses enhanced potential in stimulating megakaryocyte proliferation and differentiation. | tpo (thrombopoietin) and scf (stem-cell factor) are functionally related cytokines with overlapping but distinct haematopoietic effects. in the present study, a novel tpo-scf fusion protein that combined the complementary biological effects of tpo and scf into a single molecule was expressed in, and purified from, sf9 [spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)] insect cells. the specific activity of rhtpo (recombinant human tpo)-scf in megakaryoblastic mo7e cell proliferation assays was 2.90+/-0.35 ... | 2007 | 17516919 |
| early sorting of inner nuclear membrane proteins is conserved. | spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) importin-alpha-16 is a translocon-associated protein that participates in the early sorting pathway of baculovirus integral membrane proteins destined for the inner nuclear membrane (inm). to discern whether sorting intermediate protein complexes like those observed in insect cells are also formed with mammalian inm proteins, cross-linked complexes of importin-alpha-16 with human lamin b receptor (lbr) and nurim were examined. both lbr and nurim cross-link with sf9 im ... | 2007 | 17517639 |
| a caspase-like gene from heliothis virescens ascovirus (hvav-3e) is not involved in apoptosis but is essential for virus replication. | ascoviruses (avs) are double-stranded dna viruses causing a fatal disease in lepidopteran host larvae. a unique feature of av infection is cleavage of host cells into membrane bound vesicles containing the virions. a recent study showed that a caspase from spodoptera frugiperda av (sfav) is directly involved in initiation of apoptosis and eventually cell cleavage. results shown here indicate that heliothis virescens av does not induce apoptosis in host cells. hvav codes for a caspase-like protei ... | 2007 | 17521762 |
| genetic structure and molecular variability of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) collected in maize and cotton fields in brazil. | the purpose of this research was to evaluate the genetic similarity and structure of the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith), populations associated with maize and cotton crops in brazil using amplified fragment length polymorphisms. mean genetic similarity among populations was 0.45. the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean analysis dendrograms did not separate populations of s. frugiperda into clusters related to the host plant in which the insects were collected. no ... | 2007 | 17524154 |
| abcg2 (breast cancer resistance protein/mitoxantrone resistance-associated protein) atpase assay: a useful tool to detect drug-transporter interactions. | the atpase assay using membrane preparations from recombinant baculovirus-infected spodoptera frugiperda ovarian (sf9) cells is widely used to detect the interaction of compounds with different atp-binding cassette transporters. however, sf9 membrane preparations containing the wild-type abcg2 transporter show an elevated baseline vanadate-sensitive atpase activity, which cannot be further stimulated by substrates of abcg2. therefore, this assay system cannot be used for the detection of abcg2 s ... | 2007 | 17537873 |
| photosynthetic responses of wheat, triticum aestivum l., to defoliation patterns on individual leaves. | the impact of defoliation by fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), on the photosynthetic rates of injured, individual wheat, triticum aestivum l., leaves and the impact of different spatial patterns of artificial insect defoliation on photosynthesis of remaining leaf tissue of injured, individual wheat leaves were evaluated in this study. photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were recorded in the flag-leaves of wheat plants 1 and 24 h a ... | 2007 | 17540071 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of hearm caspase-1 from helicoverpa armigera. | members of the caspase family play a central and evolutionary role in programmed cell death (pcd), which removes unwanted, damaged and dangerous cells during development to maintain homeostasis. in this paper, we describe the cloning and characterization of a caspase from the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera, named hearm caspase-1. the 1,350 bp full-length cdna contains an 885 bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes a hearm caspase-1 proenzyme of 294 amino acids. the deduced protein is hig ... | 2008 | 17541728 |
| expression, generation, and purification of unphosphorylated and phospho-ser-380/thr-382/thr-383 form of recombinant pten phosphatase. | the dual specificity phosphatase pten exerts its tumour suppressor and cell-migration regulatory functions by dephosphorylating the phospholipid substrate, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (pi(3,4,5)p(3)), and phosphotyrosine protein substrates. pten functions are regulated by phospholipid binding, interactions with other cellular proteins and phosphorylation at multiple sites. precisely, how the phosphorylation and binding events modulate pten activity and structure remains mostly uncle ... | 2007 | 17562371 |
| juvenile hormonal activity of mono- and polyenehomobenzenes in drosophila virilis, spodoptera frugiperda and araschnia levana. | a series of mono- and polyenehomobenzenes was synthesised by a highly regioselective palladium-catalysed allylic alkylation of substituted and unsubstituted benzylic grignard reagents employing catalytic amounts of catalyst and tested for juvenile hormone activity on the fruit fly drosophila virilis sturtevant (diptera: drosophilidae), on an important agricultural pest species, the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda je smith (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and on the map butterfly araschnia levana l. ... | 2007 | 17573681 |
| expression and purification of recombinant nattokinase in spodoptera frugiperda cells. | a recombinant baculovirus, rv-egfp-nk, containing a reporter gene encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp), was used to express nattokinase (nk), a fibrinolytic enzyme, in spodoptera frugiperda (sf-9) cells. the recombinant protein also included a histidine tag for purification using ni(2+) resins. the recombinant nk, approximately 30 kda, retained fibrinolytic activity (60 u/ml). the integration of the egfp expression cassette in the bac-to-bac system is thus an effective method f ... | 2007 | 17581705 |
| specificity of induction responses in sinapis alba l. and their effects on a specialist herbivore. | the glucosinolate-myrosinase system of brassicaceae is known to hold a defensive function in both a constitutive and an inducible fashion. glucosinolates are sulfur- and nitrogen-containing metabolites that are hydrolyzed upon tissue disruption by myrosinase enzymes. the resulting products are toxic for most herbivores. nevertheless, some insects evolved detoxification mechanisms that enable them to feed exclusively on brassicaceae. induction of plant chemical defenses that deter or poison gener ... | 2007 | 17587140 |
| comparison of haplotype frequencies differentiate fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) corn-strain populations from florida and brazil. | fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a major economic pest throughout the western hemisphere. populations can be subdivided into two morphologically identical but genetically distinct strains (corn-strain and rice-strain) that differ in their host plant preferences. these strains can be distinguished by using polymorphisms in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 gene. additional sequence analysis of this locus identified two sites that were highly poly ... | 2007 | 17598561 |
| plant resistance and its effect on the peritrophic membrane of southwestern corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) larvae. | the southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar (lepidoptera: crambidae), is a serious pest of corn, zea mays l., in the southern united states. corn germplasm lines with conventional genetic leaf-feeding resistance to this pest, the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith), and other lepidopterans have been released to the public by usda-ars scientists located in mississippi. recent studies suggest the insect resistant lines disrupt the integrity of the peritrophic membrane of ... | 2007 | 17598564 |
| [artificial diet for rearing doru luteipes (scudder) (dermaptera: forficulidae), a predator of the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae)]. | a new technique involving an artificial diet and an artificial substrate for oviposition for the rearing of the predator doru luteipes (scudder) is suggested. both adults and nymphs were maintained in petri dishes containing a transparent piece of soda straw filled with moistened cotton and the corresponding food for the biossays. the following treatments were tested: eggs of spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith), diatraea saccharalis fabricius (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and anagasta kuehniella zelle ... | 2007 | 17607467 |
| molecular cloning and expression of two novel beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases from silkworm bombyx mori. | beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase is a major glycosidase involved in several physiological processes, such as fertilization, metamorphosis, glycoconjugate degradation, and glycoprotein biosynthesis in insects. a search using the bombyx mori cdna database revealed the existence of two putative beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase genes. their full-length cdnas were cloned by rapid amplification of cdna ends and polymerase chain reaction using specific primers, and named bmglcnacase1 and bmglcnacase2. a blast ... | 2007 | 17617724 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (iap) from the tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. | the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (iaps) play important roles in both apoptosis and innate immunity. here, we report the first cloning and characterization of a novel iap family member, pmiap, from penaeus monodon. the full-length pmiap cdna is 4769bp, with an orf encoding a protein of 698 amino acids. the pmiap protein contains three bir domains and a c-terminal ring domain, and its mrna was expressed in all analyzed tissues. in insect cells, pmiap, together with spodoptera frugiperda iap, ac ... | 2008 | 17628672 |
| characterization of immunophilins in the silkmoth bombyx mori. | the fk506-binding proteins (fkbps) perform an extensive variety of functions in numerous organisms from archaea to humans. the fkbps are distinguished by their peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (ppiase) activity and ability to bind the immunosuppressive drugs fk506 and rapamycin. here, we report the isolation and characterization of fkbp45, a novel member of the fkbp family obtained from u1 small nuclear rna (snrna) binding assays using bombyx mori nuclear extracts. the protein, an apparent or ... | 2007 | 17630656 |
| stable expression of an active soluble recombinant form of human fucosyltransferase ix in spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells. | a secretory form of human alpha3-fucosyltransferase ix (sfut9) was overexpressed in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells using the stable expression vector pib/v5-his-topo and the signal sequence of human interleukin 2 for efficient secretion. sfut9 was active and its three potential n-glycosylation sites were occupied. sfut9 efficiently fucosylated the type ii acceptors galbeta4glcnac-r and fucalpha2galbeta4glcnac-r (r = (ch2)3nhco(ch2)5-nh-biotin) but not the corresponding sialylated accep ... | 2007 | 17636386 |
| isolation and functional characterization of a new shrimp ovarian peritrophin with antimicrobial activity from fenneropenaeus merguiensis. | shrimp ovarian peritrophin (sop), a major protein in jelly layer (jl) and cortical rods (crs), is proposed to play a role in the protection of spawned eggs. the full sequence of sop cdna from fenneropenaeus merguiensis (fm-sop) shares approximately 50% identity with other sop sequences and contains several putative chitin-binding or peritrophin-a domains. interestingly, fm-sop contains a putative 61-amino acid propeptide located at the n-terminal end, downstream of a 19-amino acid signal peptide ... | 2007 | 17641929 |
| identification of midgut microvillar proteins from tenebrio molitor and spodoptera frugiperda by cdna library screenings with antibodies. | the objective of this study was to identify midgut microvillar proteins in insects appearing earlier (coleoptera) and later (lepidoptera) in evolution. for this, cytoskeleton-free midgut microvillar membrane from spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera) and tenebrio molitor (coleoptera) were used to raise antibodies. these were used for screening midgut cdna expression libraries. positive clones were sequenced, assembled and searched for similarities with gene/protein databases. the predicted midgut ... | 2007 | 17644107 |
| enzymatic properties and subcellular localization of arabidopsis beta-n-acetylhexosaminidases. | plant glycoproteins contain substantial amounts of paucimannosidic n-glycans lacking terminal glcnac residues at their nonreducing ends. it has been proposed that this is due to the action of beta-hexosaminidases during late stages of n-glycan processing or in the course of n-glycan turnover. we have now cloned the three putative beta-hexosaminidase sequences present in the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) genome. when heterologously expressed as soluble forms in spodoptera frugiperda cells, t ... | 2007 | 17644627 |
| biochemical characterization of sf9 sp-family-like protein factors reveals interesting features. | we earlier documented the involvement of novel sp-family-like protein factors in transcription from the autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acnpv) polyhedrin (polh) gene promoter [ramachandran et al. (2001) j. biol. chem. 276: 23440-23449]. these zinc-dependent sp-like factors bind to two putative sp-factor-binding motifs, present within the acsp sequence upstream of the polh promoter, with very high affinity (k(d) = 2.1 x 10(-12) m). like other polh-promoter-associated host transcripti ... | 2007 | 17653621 |
| production of selenomethionyl-derivatized proteins in baculovirus-infected insect cells. | a protocol is described for the production of both intracellularly expressed and secreted selenomethionyl-derivatized recombinant proteins in baculovirus-infected insect cells. the method results in the production of recombinant soluble proteins with an semet occupancy of approximately 75% and with a recovery of approximately 20% that of native protein expression. the method is independent of the percentage methionine content of the protein and is reliable and consistent. similar results are obt ... | 2007 | 17660253 |
| purification and characterization of a recombinant rat prohaptoglobin expressed in baculovirus-infected sf9 insect cells. | to generate hemoglobin-free full-length haptoglobin the cdna encoding rat haptoglobin alphabeta subunits was cloned into shuttle vector pvt-bac-his and used to produce a recombinant baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) as an expression vector, named hpacnpv. recombinant virus was used to infect spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells. the 50 kda protein expressed was mostly secreted into the culture medium at relatively high titer (15 microg/ml) and was found to ... | 2007 | 17681809 |
| the adipokinetic hormones in the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda: cdna cloning, quantitative real time rt-pcr analysis, and gene specific localization. | small neuropeptides of the adipokinetic/red pigment-concentrating hormone (akh/rpch) family regulate energy metabolism in insects. within lepidopterans, the nonapeptide manduca sexta akh (manse-akh) represents a widely occurring akh, whereas the decapeptide helze-hrth (at first isolated from helicoverpa zea) seems to be restricted to moths. here we report the identification of the manse-akh-like spofr-akh 1 and the helze-hrth-like spofr-akh 2 prohormone precursors from the fall armyworm, spodopt ... | 2007 | 17785188 |
| aggressive chemical mimicry by a bolas spider. | mature female mastophora sp. spiders attract prey with a volatile substance which apparently mimics the female sex attractant pheromone of the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera). the rate of prey capture is similar to that of a conventional orb weaver of comparable body size. | 1977 | 17818935 |
| symbiont-mediated changes in lolium arundinaceum inducible defenses: evidence from changes in gene expression and leaf composition. | plants have multiple strategies to deal with herbivory, ranging from chemical or physical defenses to tolerating damage and allocating resources for regrowth. grasses usually tolerate herbivory, but for some cool-season grasses, their strategy may depend upon their interactions with intracellular symbionts. neotyphodium endophytes are common symbionts in pooid grasses, and, for some host species, they provide chemical defenses against both vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores. here, it was tes ... | 2007 | 17822401 |
| genetic basis of resistance to fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and southwestern corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) leaf-feeding damage in maize. | leaf-feeding damage by first generation larvae of fall armyworm, spodopter frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar (lepidoptera: crambidae), cause major economic losses each year in maize, zea mays l. a previous study identified quantitative trait loci (qtl) contributing to reduced leaf-feeding damage by these insects in the maize line mp704. this study was initiated to identify qtl and their interactions associated with first ge ... | 2007 | 17849904 |
| transport of a fluorescent camp analog in teleost proximal tubules. | previous studies have shown that killifish (fundulus heteroclitus) renal proximal tubules express a luminal membrane transporter that is functionally and immunologically analogous to the mammalian multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 2 (mrp2, abcc2). here we used confocal microscopy to investigate in killifish tubules the transport of a fluorescent camp analog (fluo-camp), a putative substrate for mrp2 and mrp4 (abcc4). steady-state luminal accumulation of fluo-camp was concentrative, ... | 2007 | 17855498 |
| jaburetox-2ec: an insecticidal peptide derived from an isoform of urease from the plant canavalia ensiformis. | canatoxin, a urease isoform from canavalia ensiformis seeds, shows insecticidal activity against different insect species. its toxicity relies on an internal 10 kda peptide (pepcanatox), released by hydrolysis of canatoxin by cathepsins in the digestive system of susceptible insects. in the present work, based on the n-terminal sequence of pepcanatox, we have designed primers to amplify by pcr a 270-bp fragment corresponding to pepcanatox using jbure-ii cdna (one of the urease isoforms cloned fr ... | 2007 | 17875343 |
| susceptibility of anthonomus grandis (cotton boll weevil) and spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) to a cry1ia-type toxin from a brazilian bacillus thuringiensis strain. | different isolates of the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis produce multiple crystal (cry) proteins toxic to a variety of insects, nematodes and protozoans. these insecticidal cry toxins are known to be active against specific insect orders, being harmless to mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. due to these characteristics, genes encoding several cry toxins have been engineered in order to be expressed by a variety of crop plants to control insectpests. the cotton boll weevil, anthonom ... | 2007 | 17927912 |
| [trichogramma species (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) parasitoids of lepidopteran eggs in lara state, venezuela]. | this work was conducted to determine the occurrence of trichogramma wasp species in lara state, venezuela. lepidopteran egg samples collected from various crop leaves were observed daily under laboratory conditions for emergence of trichogramma species adult wasps. trichogramma were also obtained from traps containing eggs from the hosts sitotroga cerealella (olivier) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) and spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). in the laboratory, specimens of tric ... | 2007 | 17934619 |
| production of rotavirus-like particles in spodoptera frugiperda larvae. | a strategy for the production of virus-like particles (vlps) from simian rotavirus in larvae of the lepidopteran spodoptera frugiperda is described. vp2 and vp6 coding sequences were co-expressed in larvae co-infected with recombinant baculovirus and these structural proteins self-assembled into vlps that were secreted and accumulated in the haemolymph. under electron microscopy, vlps produced in larvae were indistinguishable from those produced in sf9 insect cell cultures. the results showed th ... | 2008 | 17945356 |
| purification and characterization of a recombinant human testican-2 expressed in baculovirus-infected sf9 insect cells. | testican-2 is a member of the testican group of brain extracellular proteoglycans where a 45 kda modular protein core is composed of a follistatin-like domain, a calcium-binding domain, a thyroglobulin type-1 (tg1) domain and an acid c-terminal region with glycosaminoglycan attachment sites. the modular structure suggests that it could participate in various interactions. the aim of the present study was to express and characterize a recombinant human testican-2 in quantities sufficient for stru ... | 2008 | 17950619 |
| development of serum-free media for lepidopteran insect cell lines. | lepidopteran insect cell culture technology has progressed to the point of becoming an essential part of one of the most successful eukaryotic expression systems and is increasingly used industrially on a large scale. therefore, there is a constant need for convenient and low-cost culture media capable of supporting good insect cell growth and ensuring high yield of baculovirus as well as the strong expression of recombinant proteins. vertebrate sera or invertebrate hemolymph were essential supp ... | 2007 | 17951770 |
| metaflumizone is a novel sodium channel blocker insecticide. | metaflumizone is a novel semicarbazone insecticide, derived chemically from the pyrazoline sodium channel blocker insecticides (scbis) discovered at philips-duphar in the early 1970s, but with greatly improved mammalian safety. this paper describes studies confirming that the insecticidal action of metaflumizone is due to the state-dependent blockage of sodium channels. larvae of the moth spodoptera eridania injected with metaflumizone became paralyzed, concomitant with blockage of all nerve act ... | 2007 | 17959312 |
| general up regulation of spodoptera frugiperda trypsins and chymotrypsins allows its adaptation to soybean proteinase inhibitor. | the existence of a diverse serine proteinase gene family in lepidopteran insects suggests they play a significant role in the insect adaptation to plant proteinase inhibitors. these proteinases have been shown to be involved in the process of proteolytic digestion in insect larvae. we carried out a selective transcriptome study of midguts from spodoptera frugiperda larvae fed on a diet supplemented with soybean proteinase inhibitor (spi). using subtracted cdna libraries made of gut-expressed tra ... | 2007 | 17967347 |
| using stable isotope analysis to examine fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) host strains in a cotton habitat. | spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), or fall armyworm, is an important agricultural pest of several crops in the western hemisphere, including cotton (gossypium l.). two morphologically identical host strains of fall armyworm exist that differ in plant host use and habitat distribution. the corn-strain is a primary pest of corn, zea mays l., whereas the rice-strain is the majority population infesting rice (oryza spp.) and turfgrass (cynodon spp.). with the increased use ... | 2007 | 17972634 |
| field screening of experimental corn hybrids and inbred lines for multiple ear-feeding insect resistance. | identifying and using native insect resistance genes is the core of integrated pest management. in this study, 10 experimental corn, zea mays l., hybrids and 10 inbred lines were screened for resistance to major ear-feeding insects in the southeastern coastal plain region of the united states during 2004 and 2005. ear-feeding insect damage was assessed at harvest by visual damage rating for the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), and by the percentage of kernels damaged by the maize weevil, ... | 2007 | 17972651 |
| x-tox: an atypical defensin derived family of immune-related proteins specific to lepidoptera. | we report here the isolation in spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera) of an immune-related protein (hereafter named spod-11-tox), characterized by imperfectly conserved tandem repeats of 11 cysteine-stabilized alpha beta motifs (cs-alphabeta), the structural scaffold characteristic of invertebrate defensins and scorpion toxins. spod-11-tox orthologs were only found in lepidopteran species, suggesting that this new protein family (named x-tox) is specific to this insect order. moreover, phylogeneti ... | 2008 | 17988734 |
| adaptation of the "in-gel release method" to n-glycome analysis of low-milligram amounts of material. | protein n-glycosylation is a post-translational modification which plays numerous crucial physiological roles. the n-glycan pattern varies depending on the species organs, tissues and even cell types and their respective physiological states. obtaining enough starting material from a particular cell type or tissue for n-glycan purification by conventional methods can, in certain cases, be very difficult. previously, a sensitive technique, the "in-gel release method" that allows the determination ... | 2007 | 18041037 |
| the p2 capsid protein of the nonenveloped rice dwarf phytoreovirus induces membrane fusion in insect host cells. | insect transmission is an essential process of infection for numerous plant and animal viruses. how an insect-transmissible plant virus enters an insect cell to initiate the infection cycle is poorly understood, especially for nonenveloped plant and animal viruses. the capsid protein p2 of rice dwarf virus (rdv), which is nonenveloped, is necessary for insect transmission. here, we present evidence that p2 shares structural features with membrane-fusogenic proteins encoded by enveloped animal vi ... | 2007 | 18042708 |
| [association of bioassays and molecular characterization to select new bacillus thuringiensis isolates effective against spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae)]. | the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), is one of the main corn pests and bacillus thuringiensis is important in its control because of its entomopathogenic property. the objective of this study was the molecular characterization of b. thuringiensis isolates for cry1 locus presence and the assessment of the efficiency of these isolates in controlling s. frugiperda caterpillars. gral-cry1 was used in the pcr analyses to confirm the presence of the cry1 locus in 15 isolates. a 3 x ... | 2007 | 18060300 |
| expression of proteins containing disulfide bonds in an insect cell-free system and confirmation of their arrangements by maldi-tof ms. | escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (ap) and human lysozyme (h-lyz), which contain two and four disulfide bonds, respectively, were expressed in a cell-free protein synthesis system constructed from spodoptera frugiperda 21 (sf21) cells. ap was expressed in a soluble and active form using the insect cell-free system under non-reducing conditions, and h-lyz was expressed in a soluble and active form under non-reducing conditions after addition of reduced glutathione (gsh), oxidized glutathione ... | 2007 | 18072203 |
| an actively mixed mini-bioreactor for protein production from suspended animal cells. | biopharmaceutical production would benefit from rapid methods to optimize production of therapeutic proteins by screening host cell line/vector combination, culture media, and operational parameters such as timing of induction. miniaturized bioreactors are an emerging research area aiming at improving the development speed. in this work, a 3 mm thick mini-bioreactor including two 12 mm wide culture chambers connected by a 5 mm wide channel is described. active mixing is achieved by pressure shut ... | 2008 | 18078290 |
| ambient ultraviolet radiation induces protective responses in soybean but does not attenuate indirect defense. | we investigated the effects of ambient ultraviolet (uv) radiation on (i) the performance and chemistry of soybean plants, (ii) the performance of spodoptera frugiperda and (iii) the foraging behavior of the herbivore's natural enemy cotesia marginiventris which exploits herbivore-induced plant volatiles (voc) for host location. the accumulation of protective phenolics was faster in plants receiving ambient uv than in controls exposed to sun light lacking uv. accordingly, isorhamnetin- and querce ... | 2008 | 18166253 |
| activation and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase isoforms by forskolin analogs. | adenylyl cyclase (ac) isoforms 1 to 9 are differentially expressed in tissues and constitute an interesting drug target. acs 1 to 8 are activated by the diterpene, forskolin (fs). it is unfortunate that there is a paucity of ac isoform-selective activators. to develop such compounds, an understanding of the structure/activity relationships of diterpenes is necessary. therefore, we examined the effects of fs and nine fs analogs on acs 1, 2, and 5 expressed in spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. d ... | 2008 | 18184830 |
| the truncated virus-like particles of c6/36 cell densovirus: implications for the assembly mechanism of brevidensovirus. | the brevidensovirus is one of the smallest viruses in the world and the capsid of aedes albopictus c6/36 cell densovirus (c6/36dnv) is the simplest and most compact capsid in brevidensovirus. to understand the assembly mechanism of icosahedral-virus capsid from this simplest model, we tried to express various lengths of virus proteins (vps) of c6/36dnv in bac-to-bac system and evaluate their self-assembly capacities in insect spodoptera frugiperda 9 (sf9) cells. the result showed that the n-term ... | 2008 | 18201787 |
| molecular characterization of spodoptera frugiperda-bacillus thuringiensis cry1ca toxin interaction. | the use of bacillus thuringiensis cry delta-endotoxins as bioinsecticides is threatened by the possibility of pest resistance. determining transcriptional profiles of midgut cells early in cry toxin poisoning is crucial for understanding the biochemical and molecular aspects of insect detoxification and for sustained use of such toxins. in this study, transcriptional responses of midgut cells from spodoptera frugiperda third-instar larvae following treatment with cry1ca were investigated. suppre ... | 2008 | 18222513 |
| resistance to spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and euxesta stigmatias (diptera: ulidiidae) in sweet corn derived from exogenous and endogenous genetic systems. | field trials using spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and euxesta stigmatias loew (diptera: ulidiidae) were conducted to evaluate resistance and potential damage interactions between these two primary corn, zea mays l., pests against lepidoptera-resistant corn varieties derived from both endogenous and exogenous sources. the endogenous source of resistance was maysin, a c-glycosyl flavone produced in high concentrations in varieties 'zapalote chico 2451' and 'zapalote c ... | 2007 | 18232407 |
| recombinant cry1ia protein is highly toxic to cotton boll weevil (anthonomus grandis boheman) and fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda). | to evaluate the activity of cry1ia gene against cotton pests, spodoptera frugiperda and anthonomus grandis. | 2008 | 18248369 |
| the attraction of spodoptera frugiperda neonates to cowpea seedlings is mediated by volatiles induced by conspecific herbivory and the elicitor inceptin. | neonate fall armyworms [faw; spodoptera frugiperda (smith)] often encounter conspecific herbivore damage as they disperse from an egg mass to an initial feeding site. we investigated the orientation responses of dispersing neonates to herbivore damage in cowpea seedlings, specifically examining whether neonate behaviors were affected by inceptin, the primary elicitor of faw-induced defenses in cowpea leaves. we focused on responses to damage caused by conspecific first instars, as might occur du ... | 2008 | 18256881 |
| extended budded virus formation and induction of apoptosis by an acmnpv fp-25/p35 double mutant in trichoplusia ni cells. | an autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) mutant (acdefrt) isolated from virus-infected trichoplusia ni (tn-368) cells produced plasma membrane blebbing and caspase-3-like activity late in infection. it also synthesized less polyhedra, but displayed enhanced budded virus formation in tn-368 cells. this phenotype resulted from dual mutations in p35 and fp-25. in this study we showed that enhanced budded virus production occurs because the hourly rate of release of virus from acdefrt ... | 2008 | 18261819 |
| genomic sequence analysis of a fast-killing isolate of spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. | six clones of spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (sfmnpv) were plaque-purified from field isolates collected in missouri, usa. in bioassays, four of the plaque-purified isolates killed neonate s. frugiperda larvae more rapidly than the field isolates from which they were derived, with lt(50) values (mean time to kill 50 % of the test larvae) ranging from 34.4 to 49.7 h post-infection. the complete genomic sequence of one of these isolates, sfmnpv-3ap2, was determined and analyse ... | 2008 | 18272770 |
| a fused lobes gene encodes the processing beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase in sf9 cells. | manalpha6(manalpha3)manbeta4glcnacbeta4glcnac-r is the core structure of the major processed protein n-glycans produced by insect cells. ultimately, this paucimannose type structure is produced by an unusual beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase, which removes the terminal n-acetylglucosamine residue from the upstream intermediate, manalpha6(glcnacbeta2manalpha3)manbeta4glcnacbeta4glcnac-r. because the n-glycan processing pathways leading to the production of this intermediate are probably identical in i ... | 2008 | 18303021 |
| a naturally occurring plant cysteine protease possesses remarkable toxicity against insect pests and synergizes bacillus thuringiensis toxin. | when caterpillars feed on maize (zea maize l.) lines with native resistance to several lepidopteran pests, a defensive cysteine protease, mir1-cp, rapidly accumulates at the wound site. mir1-cp has been shown to inhibit caterpillar growth in vivo by attacking and permeabilizing the insect's peritrophic matrix (pm), a structure that surrounds the food bolus, assists in digestion and protects the midgut from microbes and toxins. pm permeabilization weakens the caterpillar defenses by facilitating ... | 2008 | 18335057 |
| diversity of errantivirus (retrovirus) sequences in two cell lines used for baculovirus expression, spodoptera frugiperda and trichoplusia ni. | to determine the diversity of retroviruses (errantiviruses) in cell lines used for baculovirus expression, degenerate primers were designed complementary to conserved regions of lepidopteran errantivirus reverse transcriptase genes. these primers were used to pcr amplify sequences from dna isolated from spodoptera frugiperda (sf-9) and trichoplusia ni (hi-5) cell lines. cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of over 20 pcr products from each cell line demonstrated the presence of diverse ... | 2008 | 18363091 |
| allatoregulatory peptides in lepidoptera, structures, distribution and functions. | allatoregulatory peptides either inhibit (allatostatins) or stimulate (allatotropins) juvenile hormone (jh) synthesis by the corpora allata (ca) of insects. however, these peptides are pleitropic, the regulation of jh biosynthesis is not their only function. there are currently three allatostatin families (a-, b-, and c-type allatostatins) that inhibit jh biosynthesis, and two structurally unrelated allatotropins. the c-type allatostatin, characterised by its blocked n-terminus and a disulphide ... | 2008 | 18377924 |
| optical brightener tinopal c1101 as an ultraviolet protectant for a nucleopolyhedrovirus. | baculoviruses are arthropod-specific viruses currently used as biological insecticides in several countries of the world. one important factor limiting the efficacy of these bioinsecticides is related to the inactivation of the virus by solar ultraviolet (uv) radiation. this has motivated studies focused on the use of optical brightener compounds that can protect the virus from uv inactivation. the effects of the optical brightener tinopal c1101 (ethenedyl benzenesulfonic derivative) on the pers ... | 2007 | 18399486 |
| eudesmanes from pluchea sagittalis. their antifeedant activity on spodoptera frugiperda. | eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids 3alpha-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-4alpha-formoxy-11-hydroxy-6,7-dehydroeudesman-8-one (1) and 3alpha-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-4alpha,7alpha,11-trihydroxyeudesman-8-one (2), together with 10 known structurally related eudesmanes were isolated from the chcl3 extract of aerial parts of pluchea sagittalis (lamarck) cabrera. their structures were deduced by extensive application of 1 and 2d nmr spectroscopic techniques and high and low resolution cims. x-ray ... | 2008 | 18420237 |
| analysis of the genome of spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (sfmnpv-19) and of the high genomic heterogeneity in group ii nucleopolyhedroviruses. | the genome of the most virulent among 22 brazilian geographical isolates of spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus, isolate 19 (sfmnpv-19), was completely sequenced and shown to comprise 132,565 bp and 141 open reading frames (orfs). a total of 11 orfs with no homology to genes in the genbank database were found. of those, four had typical baculovirus promoter motifs and polyadenylation sites. computer-simulated restriction enzyme cleavage patterns of sfmnpv-19 were compared with published p ... | 2008 | 18420798 |
| [expression of human cyp2e1 in insect cells using bac-to-bac expression system]. | to obtain recombinant human cyp2e1 and to determine its activity by using the specific probe substrate. | 2008 | 18422269 |
| the role in the substrate specificity and catalysis of residues forming the substrate aglycone-binding site of a beta-glycosidase. | the relative contributions to the specificity and catalysis of aglycone, of residues e190, e194, k201 and m453 that form the aglycone-binding site of a beta-glycosidase from spodoptera frugiperda (ec 3.2.1.21), were investigated through site-directed mutagenesis and enzyme kinetic experiments. the results showed that e190 favors the binding of the initial portion of alkyl-type aglycones (up to the sixth methylene group) and also the first glucose unit of oligosaccharidic aglycones, whereas a bal ... | 2008 | 18422657 |
| molecular and genomic basis of volatile-mediated indirect defense against insects in rice. | rice plants fed on by fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda, faw) caterpillars emit a blend of volatiles dominated by terpenoids. these volatiles were highly attractive to females of the parasitoid cotesia marginiventris. microarray analysis identified 196 rice genes whose expression was significantly upregulated by faw feeding, 18 of which encode metabolic enzymes potentially involved in volatile biosynthesis. significant induction of expression of seven of the 11 terpene synthase (tps) genes id ... | 2008 | 18433439 |
| inhibitory effects of terpenoids on multidrug resistance-associated protein 2- and breast cancer resistance protein-mediated transport. | the possibility of interactions between natural products/supplements and conventional prescription medicines is one of the most important issues in pharmacotherapeutic safety. recently, we reported that some terpenoids such as (r)-(+)-citronellal and glycyrrhetic acid, which are present in herbal medicines, can act as inhibitors of p-glycoprotein (mdr1/abcb1). in the present study, the effects of seven terpenoids on multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (mrp2/abcc2) and breast cancer resista ... | 2008 | 18436619 |
| predicted versus expressed adipokinetic hormones, and other small peptides from the corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum: a case study with beetles and moths. | this mass spectrometric study confines itself to peptide masses in the range of 500-1500da. adipokinetic hormones (akhs) that are predicted from the genome of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, and the silk moth, bombyx mori, are shown to exist as expressed peptides in the corpora cardiaca (cc) of the respective species as evidenced by various mass spectrometric methods. additionally, some related species were included in this study, such as the tenebrionid beetles tribolium brevicornis ... | 2008 | 18448200 |
| pyridalyl inhibits cellular protein synthesis in insect, but not mammalian, cell lines. | to gain insight into the mechanism of action and selectivity of the insecticidal activity of pyridalyl, the cytotoxicity of pyridalyl against various insect and mammalian cell lines was characterized by measuring the inhibition of cellular protein synthesis. when the effect of pyridalyl on the cellular protein synthesis in sf9 cells was evaluated by measuring the incorporation of [(3)h]leucine, rapid and significant inhibition of protein synthesis was observed. however, pyridalyl did not inhibit ... | 2008 | 18454491 |
| toxicity and characterization of cotton expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac and cry2ab2 proteins for control of lepidopteran pests. | cry1ac protoxin (the active insecticidal toxin in both bollgard and bollgard ii cotton [gossypium hirsutum l.]), and cry2ab2 toxin (the second insecticidal toxin in bollgard ii cotton) were bioassayed against five of the primary lepidopteran pests of cotton by using diet incorporation. cry1ac was the most toxic to heliothis virescens (f.) and pectinophora gossypiella (saunders), demonstrated good activity against helicoverpa zea (boddie), and had negligible toxicity against spodoptera exigua (hü ... | 2008 | 18459423 |
| slow cell infection, inefficient primary infection and inability to replicate in the fat body determine the host range of thysanoplusia orichalcea nucleopolyhedrovirus. | thysanoplusia orichacea multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (thormnpv) carrying an enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene expression cassette (vthgfp) was used to study host-range mechanisms. infection kinetics showed that vthgfp replication in sf21 cells was too slow to suppress cell growth. wide-host-range autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv) could speed up vthgfp infection and enhance the vthgfp infection rate in sf21 cells. the enhancement was not due to recombination, as no recombinant ... | 2008 | 18474556 |
| protein tyrosine phosphatase-h2 from a polydnavirus induces apoptosis of insect cells. | the family polydnaviridae is a large group of immunosuppressive insect viruses that are symbiotically associated with parasitoid wasps. the polydnavirus microplitis demolitor bracovirus (mdbv) causes several alterations that disable the cellular and humoral immune defences of host insects, including apoptosis of the primary phagocytic population of circulating immune cells (haemocytes), called granulocytes. here, we show that mdbv infection causes granulocytes in the lepidopteran spodoptera frug ... | 2008 | 18474557 |
| reactive-site cleavage residues confer target specificity to baculovirus p49, a dimeric member of the p35 family of caspase inhibitors. | baculovirus proteins p49 and p35 are potent suppressors of apoptosis in diverse organisms. although related, p49 and p35 inhibit initiator and effector caspases, respectively, during infection of permissive insect cells. the molecular basis of this novel caspase specificity is unknown. to advance strategies for selective inhibition of the cell death caspases, we investigated biochemical differences between these baculovirus substrate inhibitors. we report here that p49 and p35 use similar mechan ... | 2008 | 18508888 |
| antifeedant activity of some polygodial derivatives. | polygodial (1) and its derivatives acetal 2 (propylene) and 3 (ethylene) were prepared and their antifeedant activity and toxic effects evaluated on several insect species with different feeding ecologies (spodoptera littoralis, leptinotarsa decemlineata, myzus persicae and rhopalosiphum padi) along with that of polygonone (4). we also tested their selective cytotoxic effects on insect-derived (spodoptera frugiperda ovarian sf9 cells) and mammalian chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. the antifeed ... | 2008 | 18533465 |
| rna interference with the allatoregulating neuropeptide genes from the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda and its effects on the jh titer in the hemolymph. | the juvenile hormone (jh) titer was measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) with electrospray ionization (esi). three jh homologs, the jh i-iii were detected in various amounts in larvae, prepupae and virgin adult females of spodoptera frugiperda. in penultimate larvae, the jh ii and iii titers were relatively high, but decreased continuously during the 3 days of that stage, whereas jh i was detectable at low amounts only on the first 2 days. at the beginning of the last larv ... | 2008 | 18541256 |
| plant surface wax affects parasitoid's response to host footprints. | the plant surface is the substrate upon which herbivorous insects and natural enemies meet and thus represents the stage for interactions between the three trophic levels. plant surfaces are covered by an epicuticular wax layer which is highly variable depending on species, cultivar or plant part. differences in wax chemistry may modulate ecological interactions. we explored whether caterpillars of spodoptera frugiperda, when walking over a plant surface, leave a chemical trail (kairomones) that ... | 2008 | 18548222 |
| sf29 gene of spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus is a viral factor that determines the number of virions in occlusion bodies. | the genome of spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) was inserted into a bacmid (sfbac) and used to produce a mutant lacking open reading frame 29 (sf29null). sf29null bacmid dna was able to generate an infection in s. frugiperda. approximately six times less dna was present in occlusion bodies (obs) produced by the sf29null bacmid in comparison to viruses containing this gene. this reduction in dna content was consistent with fewer virus particles being packaged within sf29nu ... | 2008 | 18550678 |
| alginate concentration: a key factor in growth of temperature-sensitive baculovirus-infected insect cells in microcapsules. | the desire to increase cell density and product concentration has been the primary driving force for the development of better animal cell culture processes. in the technique used in our laboratory-microencapsulation-insect cells (spodoptera frugiperda), infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv), were cultured in multiple membrane alginate-polylysine (pll) microcapsules which had a controlled membrane molecular-weight cutoff and ... | 1989 | 18588202 |
| high-level recombinant protein production in bioreactors using the baculovirus-insect cell expression system. | in order to develop an efficient process for large-scale production of recombinant protein, various factors were studied which affect the productivity of sf-9 (spodoptera frugiperda) insect cells when using the baculovirus expression system. it was shown that upon infection with the bac-brv6l recombinant baculovirus, the level per cell of vp6 (a bovine rotavirus nucleocapsid protein) would drop 10-fold when host cell density at the time of infection increased from 2 x 10(6) to 3 x 10(6) cells/ml ... | 1990 | 18595054 |
| heterologous expression of human neuromedin u receptor 1 and its subsequent solubilization and purification. | human neuromedin u receptor 1 (hnmu-r1) is a member of g protein-coupled receptor family. for structural determination of hnmu-r1, the production of hnmu-r1 in milligram amounts is a prerequisite. here we reported two different eukaryotic expression systems, namely, semliki forest virus (sfv)/bhk-21 and baculovirus/spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cell systems for overproduction of this receptor. in the sfv-based expression system, hnmu-r1 was produced at a level of 5 pmol receptor/mg membrane protei ... | 2008 | 18598671 |
| assessment of virus production and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase expression by insect cells in serum-free and serum-supplemented media using a temperature-sensitive baculovirus. | spodoptera frugiperda insect cells were grown in sf-900 serum-free medium and two kinds of serum-supplemented media (ipl -41 and grace's). the specific growth rates of uninfected cells were found to be 0.024, 0.35, and 0.034 h(-1) respectively, at 33 degrees c. the ipl -41 medium supported to highest maximum cell density (10.6 x 10(6) cells/ml) compared to 3.5 x 10(6) and 8.7 x 10(6) cells/ml with the grace's and serum-free media, respectively. in temperature shifdown experiments with a temperat ... | 1991 | 18600874 |
| production of a discrete, heterogeneous population of beta-galactosidase polypeptides using baculovirus expression vectors. | gel electrophoresis analysis of immunoprecipitated beta-galactosidase and polyhedrin-beta-galactosidase expressed in spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with recombinant autograph californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus revealed the existence of a population of discrete beta-galactosidase polypeptides. several of the polypeptides observed in the fusion protein expression experiments exhibit a consistent pattern of slightly greater molecular weight when compared to the nonfusion beta-galactosidas ... | 1992 | 18601031 |
| optimization of the production of full-length rcd4 in baculovirus-infected sf9 cells. | the baculovirus-insect cell system is reliable in expressing a variety of recombinant proteins. a recombinant baculovirus encoding the full length human cd4 has been used to infect spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells in 6-l-airlift fermentors. the procedured described in this report permitted a 6.5-fold enhancement of rcd4 expression as compared to standard procedures previously published. the increase of rcd4 expression on the cell surface was achieved by using the following steps: (1) optimal seedin ... | 1992 | 18601106 |