| aspects of cuticular sclerotization in the locust, scistocerca gregaria, and the beetle, tenebrio molitor. | the number of reactive amino groups in cuticular proteins decreases during the early period of insect cuticular sclerotization, presumably due to reaction with oxidation products of n-acetyldopamine (nada) and n-beta-alanyldopamine (nbad). we have quantitated the decrease in cuticular n-terminal amino groups and lysine epsilon-amino groups during the first 24h of sclerotization in adult locusts, schistocerca gregaria, and in larval and adult beetles, tenebrio molitor, as well as the increase in ... | 2007 | 17296497 |
| the contribution of surface waxes to pre-penetration growth of an entomopathogenic fungus on host cuticle. | a locust wing bioassay, that allowed an entomopathogenic fungus to be removed from host cuticle before penetration, was used to investigate the role of surface lipids and waxes in pre-penetration growth of the specific locust pathogen metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum. sem and atomic force electron microscopy showed the impact of the fungus on the architecture of the cuticle surface. although the fungus can germinate on authentic alkanes as the sole carbon source, only low levels of germinatio ... | 2007 | 17324760 |
| application of toxins from the entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila, for the control of insects on foliage. | larvae of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, and the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, and nymphs of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria were controlled by the application of either cell suspensions from the bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila or filtrates containing cell-free toxins. since there was no significant differences between the two treatments it was concluded that toxins produced by the bacterium were responsible for the lethal effects obtained. cells of xenorhabdus nemato ... | 2006 | 17390798 |
| spectral properties of identified polarized-light sensitive interneurons in the brain of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria. | many migrating animals employ a celestial compass mechanism for spatial navigation. behavioral experiments in bees and ants have shown that sun compass navigation may rely on the spectral gradient in the sky as well as on the pattern of sky polarization. while polarized-light sensitive interneurons (pol neurons) have been identified in the brain of several insect species, there are at present no data on the neural basis of coding the spectral gradient of the sky. in the present study we have ana ... | 2007 | 17401118 |
| sensitivity and speed of induced defense of cabbage (brassica oleracea l.): dynamics of bolox expression patterns during insect and pathogen attack. | the lipoxygenase pathway is involved in the early steps of plant responses to herbivorous insects and phytopathogens. induced defenses in the crucifer brassica oleracea have been well documented. here, we have cloned a lipoxygenase (lox) from b. oleracea (bolox). the sequence reveals that the bolox protein has a transit peptide for chloroplast targeting, which is characteristic for class 2 loxs involved in jasmonic acid (ja) biosynthesis which takes place in the chloroplast. phylogenetic analysi ... | 2007 | 17977145 |
| interaction between paranosema locustae and metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum, two pathogens of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria under laboratory conditions. | the interaction between two pathogens, the microsporidian paranosema locustae canning and the fungus metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum driver and milner was studied under laboratory conditions in an attempt to develop an improved method of microbial control for the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria forskål. fifth-instar locust nymphs, reared in the laboratory, were treated with various concentrations of one of the two pathogens or with both pathogens. the numbers of locusts killed were reco ... | 2008 | 18005982 |
| fine structure of the rectal pads in the desert locust schistocerca gregaria with reference to the mechanism of water uptake. | the rectal pads of schistocerca gregaria are composed of three different cell types: epithelial, secondary and junctional cells. the rectal pads are interconnected by simple rectal cells and both are lined internally by a articular intima. the epithelial cells exhibit extensive infoldings of the apical plasma membranes that are closely associated with mitochondria. their lateral plasma membranes are highly folded around large mitochondria and enclose intercellular channels and spaces. they are u ... | 1992 | 18621204 |
| quantitative determination of catecholic degradation products from insect sclerotized cuticles. | acid hydrolysates of cuticle from various insect species were quantitatively analyzed for five catecholic amino acid adducts. four of the adducts are ketocatechols; in three of them the amino acid moiety, either lysine, glycine or beta-alanine, is connected via its amino group to the alpha-carbon atom of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone, in the fourth a tyrosine residue is connected to the same position via its phenolic group. the fifth adduct contains histidine linked via its imidazole-ring to the bet ... | 2008 | 18675913 |
| crowded locusts produce hatchlings vulnerable to fungal attack. | transgenerational effects of parental experience on offspring immunity are well documented in the vertebrate literature (where antibodies play an obligatory role), but have only recently been described in invertebrates. we have assessed the impact of parental rearing density upon offspring disease resistance by challenging day-old locust hatchlings (schistocerca gregaria) from either crowd- or solitary-reared parents with the fungal pathogen metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum. when immersed in ... | 2009 | 19675004 |
| sexual differentiation in adult insects: male-specific cuticular yellowing in schistocerca gregaria as a model for reevaluating some current (neuro)endocrine concepts. | changes in the color of the cuticle, days after the completion of hardening, are rare in adult insects. even more so when such changes are specific to one sexual form and coincide with sexual maturation. adult males of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria deposit a well characterized 'yellow protein' in their cuticle about 10 days after the adult molt, but only if they live under crowded (gregarious) conditions. isolated-reared (solitarious) males do not turn yellow, neither do the females. u ... | 2010 | 20223244 |
| an fmrfamide antiserum differentiates between populations of antigens in the brain and retrocerebral complex of the locust, schistocerca gregaria. | the distribution of fmrfamide-irmunoreactive cell bodies in the brain and retrocerebral complex of the locust, schistocerca gregaria, is described. most of the immunoreactive cell bodies are found in the pars intercerebralis and in the optic lobes. many, but not all, of the cell bodies also react with an antiserum raised against bovine pancreatic polypeptide, but this antiserum also reveals another population of cells that stain selectively with this antiserum. in addition to the cell bodies, nu ... | 1987 | 21253765 |
| high-affinity small protein inhibitors of human chymotrypsin c (ctrc) selected by phage display reveal unusual preference for p4' acidic residues. | human chymotrypsin c (ctrc) is a pancreatic protease that participates in the regulation of intestinal digestive enzyme activity. other chymotrypsins and elastases are inactive on the regulatory sites cleaved by ctrc, suggesting that ctrc recognizes unique sequence patterns. to characterize the molecular determinants underlying ctrc specificity, we selected high-affinity substrate-like small protein inhibitors against ctrc from a phage library displaying variants of a natural chymotrypsin inhibi ... | 2011 | 21515688 |
| lipase activity in insect oral secretions mediates defense responses in arabidopsis thaliana. | how plants perceive herbivory is not yet well understood. we investigated early responses of the model plant arabidopsis thaliana to attack from the generalist grasshopper herbivore, schistocerca gregaria (caelifera). when compared to wounding alone, schistocerca gregaria attack and the application of grasshopper oral secretions (gs) to puncture wounds elicited a rapid accumulation of various oxylipins, including 13-hydroperoxy octadecatrienoic acid, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (opda), jasmonic aci ... | 2011 | 21546453 |
| role of the halloween genes, spook and phantom in ecdysteroidogenesis in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | the functional characterization of the halloween genes represented a major breakthrough in the elucidation of the ecdysteroid biosynthetic pathway. these genes encode cytochrome p450 enzymes catalyzing the final steps of ecdysteroid biosynthesis in the dipteran drosophila melanogaster and the lepidoptera manduca sexta and bombyx mori. this is the first report on the identification of two halloween genes, spook (spo) and phantom (phm), from a hemimetabolous orthopteran insect, the desert locust s ... | 2011 | 21708158 |
| spatial heterogeneity in resource distribution promotes facultative sociality in two trans-saharan migratory birds. | migrant populations must cope not only with environmental changes in different biomes, but also with the continuous constraints imposed by human-induced changes through landscape transformation and resource patchiness. theoretical studies suggest that changes in food distribution can promote changes in the social arrangement of individuals without apparent adaptive value. empirical research on this subject has only been performed at reduced geographical scales and/or for single species. however, ... | 2011 | 21731640 |
| The inhibitory effect of the fungal toxin, destruxin A, on behavioural fever in the desert locust. | During an infection locusts behaviourally fever by seeking out higher environmental temperatures. This behaviour places the pathogen at sub-optimal growth temperatures while improving the efficiency of the immune system, thereby prolonging the lifespan of the host. It is therefore in the interest of the pathogen to either adapt to fever-like temperatures or to evolve mechanisms to interfere with, or inhibit fever. We investigated the behavioural fever response of desert locusts to two fungal pat ... | 2011 | 21729702 |
| Interactive effects of plant-available soil silicon and herbivory on competition between two grass species. | The herbivore defence system of true grasses (Poaceae) is predominantly based on silicon that is taken up from the soil and deposited in the leaves in the form of abrasive phytoliths. Silicon uptake mechanisms can be both passive and active, with the latter suggesting that there is an energetic cost to silicon uptake. This study assessed the effects of plant-available soil silicon and herbivory on the competitive interactions between the grasses Poa annua, a species that has previously been repo ... | 2011 | 21868406 |
| ammonia transport by terrestrial and aquatic insects. | ammonia, an end product from amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism, is highly toxic for most animals. this review will provide an update on nitrogen metabolism in terrestrial and aquatic insects with emphasis on ammonia generation and transport. aspects that will be discussed include metabolic pathways of nitrogenous compounds, the origin of ammonia and other nitrogenous waste products, ammonia toxicity, putative ammonia transporters as well as ammonia transport processes known in insects. ammo ... | 2011 | 22100291 |
| neural mechanisms underlying behavior in the locust schistocerca gregaria. i. physiology of identified motorneurons in the metathoracic ganglion. | | 2016 | 4703780 |
| sex-related differences in the concentration of met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of an insect, schistocerca gregaria, revealed by radioimmunoassay. | a radioimmunoassay has been used to measure met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in tissue from male and female locusts, schistocerca gregaria. the pattern of distribution within the two sexes was similar with about equal amounts present in the suboesophageal and 3 thoracic ganglia and a lower concentration in the cerebral ganglion. female nervous tissue contained more than twice the amount of met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity than did that of males. no consistent immunoreactivity could be de ... | 2010 | 3768696 |
| selectivity of the uptake of glutamate and gaba in two morphologically distinct insect neuromuscular synapses. | the common inhibitor (ci) and slow excitor tibiae (seti) innervated slow muscles 135cd of the locust schistocerca gregaria were incubated under high-affinity uptake conditions either in [3h]gaba or in [3h]glutamate. [3h]gaba is accumulated in the glia of the nerve endings of the ci as well as the seti; however, it is accumulated only in the terminal axons of the ci, not in the terminal axons of the seti. the grain densities above the glia and above the ci terminal axons are approximately 2 grain ... | 2010 | 2866016 |
| neural mechanisms underlying behavior in the locust schistocerca gregaria. ii. integrative activity in metathoracic neurons. | | 2015 | 4703781 |
| hydrolysis of cyclic quanosine 3',5'-monophosphate in tissues of schistocerca gregaria/forsk./orthoptera. | | 1989 | 172753 |
| [kinetics of the glycosidases activity in schistocerca gregaria forsk]. | extracts from the alimentary canal of schistocerca gregaria forsk allow hydrolysis of a remarkably wide range of oligosaccharides, heterosides and polysaccharides. sucrose and starch are more rapidly and more intensely attacked, other osides much more slowly. the balance of released monosaccharides shows a clean predominance of glucose but some oses are released in appreciable amount only in case of delayed digestion. | 2003 | 145273 |
| primary structures of locust adipokinetic hormones ii. | adipokinetic hormones ii from corpora cardiaca of the locusts schistocerca gregaria and locusta migratoria, respectively, have been isolated and their primary structures elucidated. both octapeptides are n-terminally blocked by a 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamate) residue and had to be cleaved by 5-oxoprolyl-peptidase to make them available for the edman degradation method carried out with a gas-phase sequencer. the c-termini are blocked as both peptides are not cleaved by carboxypeptidase a; the pres ... | 2014 | 4063072 |
| distribution of ommochromes in schistocerca gregaria embryos during development. | | 1968 | 547621 |
| alcohol-induced potentiation of the neurally evoked contractions of the retractor unguis muscle of the locust, schistocerca gregaria. | | 2014 | 4411911 |
| occupational allergy to locusts: an investigation of the sources of the allergen. | allergic symptoms occur commonly in subjects working closely with locusts and are associated with specific ige antibody. extracts of intact locusts (schistocerca gregaria and locusta migratoria) were used to identify specific ige antibody, to define the major allergens of the locust and their sources, and to estimate aeroallergen concentration in the working environment. with questionnaire, skin prick tests, and specific ige measurements, 35 individuals, working in a research center, were survey ... | 2012 | 3346482 |
| helical structures in the cytoplasm of the male germ cells of the desert locust. | | 2015 | 4648509 |
| the effects of putative amino acid neurotransmitters on somata isolated from neurons of the locust central nervous system. | changes in spike frequency, membrane potential and input resistance of somata freshly isolated from neurons in the metathoracic ganglia of adult locusts (schistocerca gregaria) during bath and ionophoretic application of putative amino acid transmitters and analogues were studied using intracellular techniques. gamma-aminobutyrate, glycine, taurine, cysteine and dl-ibotenate hyperpolarized the isolated soma, the response to kainic acid was depolarizing whereas l-glutamate and l-aspartate evoked ... | 2010 | 2861000 |
| [features of the receptors of the alar system of locusts which have lost their ability to fly]. | using two species of locusts, romalia microptera beavy and podisma pedestris l., receptors of the wing apparatus are described: campaniform sensillas of the wing, hair receptors of the tegula, chordotonal organ and thorax stretch receptor. a comparative analysis of the receptors mentioned with the homologous sensitive organs, participating in the control of wing movements, is performed in well flying species (locusta migratoria migratorioides and schistocerca gregaria). loss of ability to fly is ... | 2013 | 3707362 |
| intracellular ducts in the epidermis of the male desert locust. | | 2016 | 5097107 |
| [role of cephalic organs in sequential arrangement of feeding behavior in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria]. | | 2016 | 4766920 |
| synthesis of a homodimer neurohormone precursor of locust adipokinetic hormone studied by in vitro translation and cdna cloning. | the homodimer neurohormone precursor p1, consisting of 41 residue subunits or a-chains, is synthesized by the glandular neurosecretory cells of the corpora cardiaca (cc) of the locust schistocerca gregaria. processing of p1 generates two copies of a 10 amino acid peptide neurohormone (akh i) and one copy of a homodimer peptide (aprp 1). here we show that the p1 dimer is formed from two independent a-chain translation products. translation of cc mrna in vitro produces a prominent 6.4 kd protein, ... | 2008 | 2576372 |
| isolation, characterization, kinetics, and enzymatic and nonenzymatic microbicidal activities of a novel c-type lysozyme from plasma of schistocerca gregaria (orthoptera: acrididae). | a protein, designated as sgl, showing a muramidase lytic activity to the cell wall of the gram-positive bacterium micrococcus lysodeikticus was isolated for the first time from plasma of escherichia coli-immunized fifth instar schistocerca gregaria. the isolated sgl was detected as a single protein band, on both native- and sds-page, has a molecular weight of ∼15.7 kda and an isoelectric point (pi) of ca 9.3 and its antiserum has specifically recognized its isolated form. fifty-nine percentage o ... | 2015 | 25972507 |
| identification and validation of housekeeping genes in brains of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria under different developmental conditions. | to obtain reliable quantitative rt-pcr data, normalization relative to stable housekeeping genes is required. however, in practice, expression levels of 'typical' housekeeping genes have been found to vary between tissues and under different experimental conditions. to date, validation studies of reference genes in insects are extremely rare and have never been performed in locusts. in this study, putative housekeeping genes were identified in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria and two dif ... | 2009 | 19508726 |
| identification and characterization of two "sensory neuron membrane proteins" (snmps) of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria (orthoptera: acrididae). | pheromone-responsive neurons of insects not only require specific receptors but in addition several auxiliary components, including the "sensory neuron membrane protein," snmp. accordingly, snmp is considered as a marker for neurons responding to pheromones. for the desert locust schistocerca gregaria, it is known that the behavior, including aggregation behavior and courtship inhibition, is largely controlled by pheromones. however, little is known about pheromones, their receptors, and the phe ... | 2016 | 27012870 |
| variant ionotropic receptors are expressed in olfactory sensory neurons of coeloconic sensilla on the antenna of the desert locust (schistocerca gregaria). | the behaviour of the desert locust, schistocera gregaria, is largely directed by volatile olfactory cues. the relevant odorants are detected by specialized antennal sensory neurons which project their sensory dendrites into hair-like structures, the sensilla. generally, the responsiveness of the antennal chemosensory cells is determined by specific receptors which may be either odorant receptors (ors) or variant ionotropic receptors (irs). previously, we demonstrated that in locust the co-recept ... | 2013 | 24391446 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the allatotropin precursor and receptor in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | allatotropins (ats) are pleiotropic neuropeptides initially isolated from the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. in 2008, the first receptor for at-like peptides (atr) was characterized in bombyx mori. since then, atrs have also been characterized in m. sexta, tribolium castaneum, aedes aegypti and bombus terrestris. these receptors show sequence similarity to vertebrate orexin (orx) receptors. when generating an est-database of the desert locust (schistocerca gregaria) central nervous system, we ... | 2015 | 25814925 |
| functional characterization of the short neuropeptide f receptor in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | whereas short neuropeptide f (snpf) has already been reported to stimulate feeding behaviour in a variety of insect species, the opposite effect was observed in the desert locust. in the present study, we cloned a g protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) cdna from the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. cell-based functional analysis of this receptor indicated that it is activated by both known isoforms of schgr-snpf in a concentration dependent manner, with ec(50) values in the nanomolar range. this ... | 2013 | 23308260 |
| transcriptome analysis of the desert locust central nervous system: production and annotation of a schistocerca gregaria est database. | the desert locust (schistocerca gregaria) displays a fascinating type of phenotypic plasticity, designated as 'phase polyphenism'. depending on environmental conditions, one genome can be translated into two highly divergent phenotypes, termed the solitarious and gregarious (swarming) phase. although many of the underlying molecular events remain elusive, the central nervous system (cns) is expected to play a crucial role in the phase transition process. locusts have also proven to be interestin ... | 2011 | 21445293 |
| the olfactory co-receptor orco from the migratory locust (locusta migratoria) and the desert locust (schistocerca gregaria): identification and expression pattern. | in locusts, olfaction plays a crucial role for initiating and controlling behaviours, including food seeking and aggregation with conspecifics, which underlie the agricultural pest capacity of the animals. in this context, the molecular basis of olfaction in these insects is of particular interest. here, we have identified genes of two orthopteran species, locusta migratoria and schistocera gregaria, which encode the olfactory receptor co-receptor (orco). it was found that the sequences of lmigo ... | 2011 | 22211114 |
| the evolution of hexapod engrailed-family genes: evidence for conservation and concerted evolution. | phylogenetic analyses imply that multiple engrailed-family gene duplications occurred during hexapod evolution, a view supported by previous reports of only a single engrailed-family gene in members of the grasshopper genus schistocerca and in the beetle tribolium castaneum. here, we report the cloning of a second engrailed-family gene from schistocerca gregaria and present evidence for two engrailed-family genes from four additional hexapod species. we also report the existence of a second engr ... | 0 | 16790405 |
| identification of distinct tyraminergic and octopaminergic neurons innervating the central complex of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | the central complex is a group of modular neuropils in the insect brain with a key role in visual memory, spatial orientation, and motor control. in desert locusts the neurochemical organization of the central complex has been investigated in detail, including the distribution of dopamine-, serotonin-, and histamine-immunoreactive neurons. in the present study we identified neurons immunoreactive with antisera against octopamine, tyramine, and the enzymes required for their synthesis, tyrosine d ... | 0 | 23595814 |
| resilin-like protein in the clamp sclerites of the gill monogenean diplozoon paradoxum nordmann, 1832. | resilin is a soft and elastic protein, which is found in many exoskeletal structures of arthropods. proteins with similar chemical properties have been described for other invertebrates including monogenean fish parasites. however, for the latter taxon no clear microscopic evidence for a resilin-like protein has been shown so far. here, we present the results of detailed microscopic analyses of the clamp sclerites (attachment devices) of the monogenean diplozoon paradoxum. toluidine blue, which ... | 2013 | 22939032 |
| above- and belowground herbivory jointly impact defense and seed dispersal traits in taraxacum officinale. | plants are able to cope with herbivores by inducing defensive traits or growth responses that allow them to reduce or avoid the impact of herbivores. since above- and belowground herbivores differ substantially in life-history traits, for example feeding types, and their spatial distribution, it is likely that they induce different responses in plants. moreover, strong interactive effects on defense and plant growth are expected when above- and belowground herbivores are jointly present. the str ... | 2014 | 25473483 |
| effect of liquid culture media on morphology, growth, propagule production, and pathogenic activity of the hyphomycete, metarhizium flavoviride. | two isolates of metarhizium spp. were studied for propagule production, because of their pathogenic activity towards locusts and grasshoppers (mf189 = m. flavoviride (or m. anisopliae var. acridum) strain imi 330189, and mf324 = m. flavoviride strain arsef324). both isolates were grown in seven different liquid media, which have been developed for mass production of various hyphomycetes, considered as candidates for microbial control of noxious insects. shake-flask experiments were carried out a ... | 2002 | 12171445 |
| virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium flavoviride gams and rozsypal and toxicity of diflubenzuron, fenitrothion-esfenvalerate and profenofos-cypermethrin to nontarget arthropods in mauritania. | within the framework of the gtz project, biological and integrated control of locusts and grasshoppers, a laboratory screening fo rmetarhizium flavoviride (strain mfl 5) blastospore pathogenicity to the nontarget arthropods pharoscymnus anchorago f. (coleoptera:coccinellidae), trachyderma hispida (forskâl) (coleoptera:tenebrionidae), palpares cf. tesselatus rambur (neuroptera:myrmeleontidae) and thanatus sp. (araneae: philodromidae) was conducted in akjoujt research station, mauritania. various ... | 1997 | 9002437 |
| susceptibility to experimental infection of the invertebrate locusts (schistocerca gregaria) with the apicomplexan parasite neospora caninum. | neuropathogenesis is a feature of neospora caninum infection. in order to explore this in the absence of acquired host immunity to the parasite, we have tested infection in locusts (schistocerca gregaria). we show for the first time that locusts are permissive to intra-hemocoel infection with n. caninum tachyzoites. this was characterized by alteration in body weight, fecal output, hemoparasitemia, and sickness-related behavior. infected locusts exhibited progressive signs of sickness leading to ... | 2014 | 25493211 |
| cdna cloning and transcript distribution of two different neuroparsin precursors in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | neuroparsins were originally identified in locust corpus cardiacum extracts as folliculostatic or 'antigonadotropic' neuropeptides. this paper presents the cloning of two different neuroparsin precursor cdnas from the brain of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. the first transcript encodes the precursor (scg-npp1) of s. gregaria neuroparsin a and b, whereas the second codes for a novel neuroparsin-related peptide precursor (scg-npp2). both precursors display significant sequence similarit ... | 2001 | 11422514 |
| isolation and characterization of chitosan from different local insects in egypt. | chitin was extracted from four different local sources: the shrimp (penaeus monodon), the desert locust (schistocerca gregaria), the honey bee (apis mellifera) and the beetles (calosoma rugosa). chitosan was then obtained by deacetylation of chitin and physicochemically characterized using the fourier transform infrared (ftir) and x-ray diffraction. the moisture content, water binding capacity, fats binding capacity, ash content were determined and chitosans morphology was visualized using the s ... | 2016 | 26459168 |
| epigenetics and locust life phase transitions. | insects are one of the most successful classes on earth, reflected in an enormous species richness and diversity. arguably, this success is partly due to the high degree to which polyphenism, where one genotype gives rise to more than one phenotype, is exploited by many of its species. in social insects, for instance, larval diet influences the development into distinct castes; and locust polyphenism has tricked researchers for years into believing that the drastically different solitarious and ... | 2015 | 25568455 |
| identification of the short neuropeptide f precursor in the desert locust: evidence for an inhibitory role of snpf in the control of feeding. | peptides of the short neuropeptide f (snpf) family have been shown to modulate feeding behavior in a wide variety of insect species. while these peptides stimulate feeding and food-searching behavior in drosophila melanogaster and apis mellifera, an opposite effect has recently been demonstrated in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. in this study, we elaborate on these observations with the identification of the nucleotide sequence encoding the schgr-snpf precursor and the study of its ro ... | 2014 | 24128610 |
| the mode of action of juvenile hormone and ecdysone: towards an epi-endocrinological paradigm? | in some insect species, two sites of juvenile hormone (jh) synthesis have been reported: the very well documented corpora allata that secrete jh for "general use", and the reproductive system, in particular the male accessory glands, in which the function of the sometimes huge amounts of jh (e.g. in hyalophora cecropia) remains to be clarified. a recent finding in schistocerca gregaria, namely that suppression of the ecdysteroid peak preceding a molt by rnai of the halloween genes spook, phantom ... | 2013 | 23454668 |
| novel insect orcokinins: characterization and neuronal distribution in the brains of selected dicondylian insects. | orcokinins are a family of myotropic neuropeptides identified in various decapod crustaceans and recently in a cockroach. their presence in the crustacean nervous system and hemolymph suggests that they act as hormones and as locally acting neuromodulators. to provide further evidence for the existence of orcokinins in insects, we identified a novel orcokinin-related peptide in the locust schistocerca gregaria and used an antiserum against asn13-orcokinin for immunostaining in the brains of sele ... | 2005 | 16041719 |
| a comparative study on hypertrehalosaemic hormones in the hymenoptera: sequence determination, physiological actions and biological significance. | a new hypertrehalosaemic peptide (tea-hrth; pqlnfstgwgg-nh(2)) was isolated from the corpora cardiaca (cc) of the sawfly tenthredo arcuata. the hypertrehalosaemic peptides found in the cc of five bombus species and the paper wasp polistes fuscata were identical to the adipokinetic hormone ii of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria (scg-akh-ii). the hypertrehalosaemic peptides found in the yellowjacket vespula vulgaris and the hornet vespa crabro were identical to the adipokinetic hormone of ... | 2001 | 11249944 |
| alcoholic bouin fixation of insect nervous systems for bodian silver staining. ii. modified solutions. | a previously devised synthetic equivalent of 'aged alcoholic bouin (duboscq-brasil) fixative was modified in various ways to discover which of the chemical changes brought about by aging were important in improving fixation and staining. effects were tested with ventral nerve cord ganglia of the cockroach periplaneta americana, locust schistocerca gregaria, and honey bee apis mellifera. formation of reaction products, chiefly ethyl acetate and diethoxymethane, seemed to play only a subsidiary ro ... | 1980 | 6161444 |
| grasshopper oral secretions increase salicylic acid and abscisic acid levels in wounded leaves of arabidopsis thaliana. | recent investigations showed that the model plant arabidopsis thaliana specifically responds to herbivory-associated molecular patterns by activating a sophisticated signaling network. the lipase activity of insect oral secretions was shown to elevate oxylipin levels when applied to puncture wounds in leaves. the results also demonstrated that the oral secretions of the generalist schistocerca gregaria contained other, probably non-proteinous, elicitors of plant defense responses which induced m ... | 2011 | 21847018 |
| the ovary of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria contains a glycine- and proline-rich peptide that displays sequence similarities with a new class of gprp proteins from plants. | a novel, highly hydrophobic, glycine- and proline-rich peptide was characterized in the ovary of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. the peptide was detected as one of the major peaks in a chromatographic separation of an acidic methanolic extract of 50 mature ovaries. electrospray mass spectrometry yielded a molecular mass of 6305 da. the partial amino acid sequence as determined by edman degradation based automated microsequencing is as follows: ala-tyr-pro-ala-his-gln-gly-tyr- pro-ala-h ... | 1998 | 9480819 |
| ontogeny of pioneer neurons in the antennal nervous system of the grasshopper schistocerca gregaria. | the nervous system of the antenna of the grasshopper schistocerca gregaria consists of two nerve tracts in which sensory cells project their axons to the brain. each tract is pioneered early in embryogenesis by a pair of identified cells located apically in the antennal lumen. the pioneers are thought to originate in the epithelium of the antenna and then delaminate into the lumen where they commence axogenesis. however, unambiguous molecular identification of these cells in the epithelium, of a ... | 2017 | 27833997 |
| pioneer neurons of the antennal nervous system project to protocerebral pioneers in the grasshopper schistocerca gregaria. | the twin nerve tracts of the antenna of the grasshopper schistocerca gregaria are established early in embryogenesis by sibling pairs of pioneers which delaminate from the epithelium into the lumen at the antennal tip. these cells can be uniquely identified via their co-expression of the neuronal labels horseradish peroxidase and the lipocalin lazarillo. the apical pioneers direct axons toward the antennal base where they encounter guidepost-like cells called base pioneers which transiently expr ... | 2015 | 26553379 |
| axogenesis in the antennal nervous system of the grasshopper schistocerca gregaria revisited: the base pioneers. | the antennal nervous system of the grasshopper schistocerca gregaria comprises two parallel pathways projecting to the brain, each pioneered early in embryogenesis by a pair of sibling cells located at the antennal tip. en route, the growth cones of pioneers from one pathway have been shown to contact a guidepost-like cell called the base pioneer. its role in axon guidance remains unclear as do the cellular guidance cues regulating axogenesis in the other pathway supposedly without a base pionee ... | 2015 | 25527188 |
| dye coupling and immunostaining of astrocyte-like glia following intracellular injection of fluorochromes in brain slices of the grasshopper, schistocerca gregaria. | injection of fluorochromes such as alexa fluor(®) 568 into single cells in brain slices reveals a network of dye-coupled cells to be associated with the central complex. subsequent immunolabeling shows these cells to be repo positive/glutamine synthetase positive/horseradish peroxidase negative, thus identifying them as astrocyte-like glia. dye coupling fails in the presence of n-heptanol indicating that dye spreads from cell to cell via gap junctions. a cellular network of dye-coupled, astrocyt ... | 2014 | 24048929 |
| astrocyte-like glia associated with the embryonic development of the central complex in the grasshopper schistocerca gregaria. | in this study we employed the expression of the astrocyte-specific enzyme glutamine synthetase, in addition to the glia-specific marker repo, to characterize glia cell types associated with the embryonic development of the central complex in the grasshopper schistocerca gregaria. double labeling experiments reveal that all glutamine synthetase-positive cells associated with the central complex are also repo-positive and horseradish peroxidase-negative, confirming they are glia. early in embryoge ... | 2011 | 21556852 |
| proliferative cell types in embryonic lineages of the central complex of the grasshopper schistocerca gregaria. | the central complex of the grasshopper schistocerca gregaria develops to completion during embryogenesis. a major cellular contribution to the central complex is from the w, x, y, z lineages of the pars intercerebralis, each of which comprises over 100 cells, making them by far the largest in the embryonic protocerebrum. our focus has been to find a cellular mechanism that allows such a large number of cell progeny to be generated within a restricted period of time. immunohistochemical visualiza ... | 2010 | 20571828 |
| embryonic development of a peripheral nervous system: nerve tract associated cells and pioneer neurons in the antenna of the grasshopper schistocerca gregaria. | the grasshopper antenna is an articulated appendage associated with the deutocerebral segment of the head. in the early embryo, the meristal annuli of the antenna represent segment borders and are also the site of differentiation of pioneer cells which found the dorsal and ventral peripheral nerve tracts to the brain. we report here on another set of cells which appear earlier than the pioneers during development and are later found arrayed along these tracts at the border of epithelium and lume ... | 2007 | 18089112 |
| embryonic development of the sensory innervation of the antenna of the grasshopper schistocerca gregaria. | the establishment of the sensory nervous system of the antenna of the grasshopper schistocerca gregaria was examined using immunocytochemical methods and in the light of the appendicular and articulated nature of this structure. the former is demonstrated first by the expression pattern of the segment polarity gene engrailed in the head neuromere innervating the antenna, the deutocerebrum. engrailed expression is present in identified deutocerebral neuroblasts and, as elsewhere in the body, is c ... | 2004 | 18089045 |
| cloning and functional characterisation of two novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunits from the insect pest myzus persicae. | nicotinic acetylcholine receptors play a major role in excitatory neurotransmission in insect cnss and constitute an important target for insecticides. here, we report the isolation and functional characterisation of two cdnas encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunits from a major insect pest, the peach-potato aphid myzus persicae. these two subunits, termed mp alpha1 and mp alpha2, are respective structural homologues of the drosophila d alpha2/schistocerca gregaria alphal1 alpha ... | 1998 | 9721715 |
| production of the biopesticide azadirachtin by hairy root cultivation of azadirachta indica in liquid-phase bioreactors. | batch cultivation of azadirachta indica hairy roots was carried out in different liquid-phase bioreactor configurations (stirred-tank, bubble column, bubble column with polypropylene basket, and polyurethane foam disc as root supports) to investigate possible scale-up of the a. indica hairy root culture for in vitro production of the biopesticide azadirachtin. the hairy roots failed to grow in the conventional bioreactor designs (stirred tank and bubble column). however, modified bubble column r ... | 2013 | 23955295 |
| selectively fluorinated analogs reveal differential olfactory reception and inactivation of green leaf volatiles in insects. | the role of the alkyl terminus of green leaf volatile (glv) molecules in olfactory reception and inactivation was examined in three diverse insect species: the beet armyworm,spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera); the colorado potato beetle,leptinotarsa decemlineata (coleoptera); and the desert locust,schistocerca gregaria (orthoptera), using selectively fluorinated analogs of glvs and electroantennograms (eags). when only the magnitude of the depolarization of the eag is considered (a measure of recep ... | 1993 | 24249373 |
| venom lethality and diet: differential responses of natural prey and model organisms to the venom of the saw-scaled vipers (echis). | the composition of snake venoms shows a high degree of variation at all taxonomic levels, and natural selection for diet has been implicated as a potential cause. saw-scaled vipers (echis) provide a good model for studying this phenomenon. the venoms of arthropod feeding species of echis are significantly more toxic to natural scorpion prey than those of species which feed predominantly upon vertebrate prey. although testing venom activity on natural prey is important for our understanding of th ... | 2012 | 22079297 |
| biomechanical factors in the adaptations of insect tibia cuticle. | insects are among the most diverse groups of animals on earth. their cuticle exoskeletons vary greatly in terms of size and shape, and are subjected to different applied forces during daily activities. we investigated the biomechanics of the tibiae of three different insect species: the desert locust (schistocerca gregaria), american cockroach (periplaneta americana) and death's head cockroach (blaberus discoidalis). in a previous work, we showed that these tibiae vary not only in geometry (leng ... | 2016 | 27486904 |
| fruitless rnai knockdown in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria, influences male fertility. | in drosophila melanogaster, the male-specific splice isoform of the fruitless gene (fru(m)) encodes a set of transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of male courtship and copulation. recent insights from non-drosophilid insects suggest a conserved evolutionary role for the transcription factor fruitless. in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria and the german cockroach, blatella germanica, both orthopteran insects, a conserved functional role for fruitless has been proposed. ... | 2012 | 22138053 |
| ace inhibitory activity in enzymatic hydrolysates of insect protein. | in this paper, ace inhibitory activity in insect protein hydrolyzed by various enzymes (gastrointestinal proteases, alcalase, and thermolysin) is reported for the first time. four insects of different insect orders were tested: spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera), bombyx mori (lepidoptera), schistocerca gregaria (orthoptera), and bombus terrestris (hymenoptera). ace inhibitory activity was measured by two different methods: a spectrophotometric method using fapgg (2-furanacryloyl-phenylalanyl-gl ... | 2005 | 15969498 |
| tissue-specific expression and silencing phenotypes of mitochondrial phosphate carrier paralogues in several insect species. | the mitochondrial phosphate carrier gene (pic) encodes a membrane protein that mediates the supply of inorganic phosphate from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix. this substrate-specific transport system plays an important role in efficient atp synthesis. mammals appear to have only one pic with two alternative splicing variants whose functional differences remain unclear. the present study is the first to characterize the multiple genes that encode pic in insects. bombyx mori was found t ... | 2017 | 28224717 |
| molecular characterization of a c-type lysozyme from the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria (orthoptera: acrididae). | lysozymes are bacteriolytic peptides that are implicated in the insect nonspecific innate immune responses. in this study, a full-length cdna encoding a c-type lysozyme from schistocerca gregaria (sglys) has been cloned and characterized from the fat body of immune-challenged 5(th) instar. the deduced mature lysozyme is 119 amino acid residues in length, has a calculated molecular mass of 13.4 kda and an isoelectric point (ip) of 9.2. sglys showed high identities with other insect lysozymes, ran ... | 2016 | 26997372 |
| lipophorins can adhere to dsrna, bacteria and fungi present in the hemolymph of the desert locust: a role as general scavenger for pathogens in the open body cavity. | desert locusts are characterized by a highly sensitive and effective rna interference (rnai) response. moreover, delivery of dsrna into the open body cavity will elicit potent silencing effects throughout the body. on the other hand, many other insect species, such as bombyx mori and drosophila melanogaster, lack the ability to efficiently spread the rnai-signal. in this study, we demonstrated that, in the serum of the desert locust, lipophorins adhere to dsrna-fragments. lipophorins can be subd ... | 2014 | 24607637 |
| rnai-mediated knockdown of shade negatively affects ecdysone-20-hydroxylation in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | a major breakthrough in elucidating the ecdysteroid biosynthetic pathway in insects was realized with the molecular identification and further functional characterization of the 'halloween' genes. these genes were found to encode cytochrome p450 enzymes catalysing the final steps of ecdysteroid biosynthesis in the dipteran, drosophila melanogaster, and in the lepidoptera, manduca sexta and bombyx mori. a recent report focused on the identification of halloween orthologs in the desert locust, sch ... | 2012 | 22465741 |
| both prothoracicotropic hormone and an autocrine factor are involved in control of prothoracic gland ecdysteroidogenesis in locusta migratoria and schistocerca gregaria. | in bombyx mori, ecdysteroidogenesis by the prothoracic glands (pgs) is controlled by both prothoracicotropic hormone (ptth) and a factor secreted by the glands themselves. this factor, which is active both in vitro and in vivo, has been named 'autocrine factor' (af). to find out whether or not this dual control also exists in other species, in particular in hemimetabolous ones, we applied similar methods as were used to discover af in bombyx to the locusts locusta migratoria and schistocerca gre ... | 2007 | 17157412 |
| matrix proteins from insect pliable cuticles: are they flexible and easily deformed? | proteins from pliable cuticle of locusts, schistocerca gregaria, and silk moth larvae, hyalophora cecropia, were studied in solution by means of a fluorescent probe, 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulphonic acid (ans), which is much more fluorescent in non-polar media than in polar media. an intense ans-fluorescence was observed in the presence of the cuticular proteins at ph-values close to their acidic isoelectric points, and the fluorescence decreased markedly when ph was increased to neutrality or w ... | 2001 | 11222954 |
| a novel insect antifeedant nonprotein amino acid from calotropis gigantea | giganticine (1), a novel nonprotein amino acid, has been isolated from a methanol extract of the root bark of calotropis gigantea and its structure established by spectroscopic methods. it exhibited a significant antifeedant activity against nymphs of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria. | 1998 | 9548837 |
| behavior of geladas and other endemic wildlife during a desert locust outbreak at guassa, ethiopia: ecological and conservation implications. | desert locust (schistocerca gregaria) outbreaks have occurred repeatedly throughout recorded history in the horn of africa region, devastating crops and contributing to famines. in june 2009, a desert locust swarm invaded the guassa plateau, ethiopia, a large and unusually intact afroalpine tall-grass ecosystem, home to important populations of geladas (theropithecus gelada), ethiopian wolves (canis simensis), thick-billed ravens (corvus crassirostris), and other ethiopian or horn of africa ende ... | 2010 | 20333438 |
| isolation and characterization of an adipokinetic hormone release-inducing factor in locusts: the crustacean cardioactive peptide. | a methanolic extract of 7000 desert locust (schistocerca gregaria) brains contains several factors that stimulate the in vitro release of adipokinetic hormone (akh) by glandular cells of locust (locusta migratoria and schistocerca gregaria) corpora cardiaca. the most potent one has now been fully identified. matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry-time of flight analysis revealed a mass of 954.6 da. the primary structure of the peptide, pro-phe-cys-asn-ala-phe-thr-gly-cys-n ... | 1997 | 8977396 |
| isolation of a neuropeptide from locust corpus cardiacum which influences ileal transport. | 1. schistocerca gregaria ion-transport peptide (scg-itp) was isolated from aqueous extracts of the corpus cardiacum by a four-step procedure, utilizing reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for separation and stimulation of a cl(-)-dependent short-circuit current (isc) across locust ilea as the bioassay. 2. scg-itp has an unblocked n terminus and an apparent relative molecular mass of 7700. thirty-one residues (of an estimated 65) were identified by sequence analysis. 3. scg-itp i ... | 1992 | 1487715 |
| occupational asthma in a research centre breeding locusts. | the prevalence of work-related asthma, rhinitis and urticaria was measured in a scientific establishment working with locusts. twenty-six percent of those handling the locust in the research centre had work-related wheeze or breathlessness, and one-third had work-related rhinitis and urticaria. work-related symptoms were uncommon in scientists exposed to locusts in the field, and in other employees at the centre. antigens were prepared from the locusts, schistocerca gregaria and locusta migrator ... | 1980 | 7449072 |
| lectin histochemistry of the metathoracic ganglion of the locust schistocerca gregaria before and after axotomy of the tympanal nerve. | the thoracic ganglia of insects exhibit a highly ordered organization. it seems possible that the information underlying the emergence of this order during development and its maintenance throughout insect life is given via a distinct pattern of molecules distributed within the ganglion. the question we asked was whether the adult insect ganglion is subdivided by the distribution of specific carbohydrates and furthermore whether or not this distribution changes during degeneration and regenerati ... | 1997 | 9336227 |
| microsatellite evolutionary rate and pattern in schistocerca gregaria inferred from direct observation of germline mutations. | unravelling variation among taxonomic orders regarding the rate of evolution in microsatellites is crucial for evolutionary biology and population genetics research. the mean mutation rate of microsatellites tends to be lower in arthropods than in vertebrates, but data are scarce and mostly concern accumulation of mutations in model species. based on parent-offspring segregations and a hierarchical bayesian model, the mean rate of mutation in the orthopteran insect schistocerca gregaria was esti ... | 2015 | 26562076 |
| assaying visual memory in the desert locust. | the involvement of associative learning cues has been demonstrated in several stages of feeding and food selection. short neuropeptide f (snpf), an insect neuropeptide whose effects on feeding behavior have previously been well established, may be one of the factors bridging feeding and learning behavior. recently, it was shown in drosophila melanogaster that the targeted reduction of drome-snpf transcript levels significantly reduced sugar-rewarded olfactory memory. while drosophila mainly reli ... | 2015 | 26463192 |
| scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis facilitates rna interference in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | rna interference (rnai) has become a widely used loss-of-function tool in eukaryotes; however, the delivery of double-stranded (ds)rna) to the target cells remains a major challenge when exploiting the rnai-technology. in insects, the efficiency of rnai is highly species-dependent. yet, the mechanism of cell entry in insects has only been characterized in a cell line of the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster, a species that is well known to be poorly amenable to environmental rnai. in the presen ... | 2014 | 24528536 |
| in vivo effect of neuropeptide f on ecdysteroidogenesis in adult female desert locusts (schistocerca gregaria). | neuropeptides are important regulatory factors that mediate key life processes, both in vertebrates and invertebrates. many insect neuropeptides display pleiotropic activities, which means that they can influence multiple aspects of insect physiology. in the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster, neuropeptide f (npf) mediates diverse physiological processes, such as learning, stress responses, feeding and male courtship behavior. in locusts, only a truncated form of the predicted "full-length" npf, ... | 2013 | 23524065 |
| neuropeptide f regulates male reproductive processes in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | although neuropeptide f (npf) has been identified in different insect species, its function has mainly been studied in the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster, where it regulates diverse physiological processes, such as learning, stress responses and male courtship behavior. in locusts, only a truncated form of the "full-length" npf (the biologically active "trnpf") has been isolated. this 9 aa peptide stimulates oocyte maturation, food intake and weight increase in adult desert locusts (schistoc ... | 2013 | 23295785 |
| regulation of feeding by neuropeptide f in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | our knowledge on the physiological function of the insect neuropeptide f (npf) mostly comes from studies in the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster, where npf was shown to regulate diverse processes, such as feeding, learning and responding to stress. in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria, only a truncated form of the "full-length" npf (the biologically active "trnpf") has been isolated. in this study, we investigated whether this peptide is involved in the regulation of feeding in this ort ... | 2013 | 23103541 |
| spectral clustering in peptidomics studies allows homology searching and modification profiling: homclus, a versatile tool. | many genomes of nonmodel organisms are yet to be annotated. peptidomics research on those organisms therefore cannot adopt the commonly used database-driven identification strategy, leaving the more difficult de novo sequencing approach as the only alternative. the reported tool uses the growing resources of publicly or in-house available fragmentation spectra and sequences of (model) organisms to elucidate the identity of peptides of experimental spectra of nonannotated species. clustering algo ... | 2012 | 22409323 |
| the clock input to the first optic neuropil of drosophila melanogaster expressing neuronal circadian plasticity. | in the first optic neuropil (lamina) of the fly's visual system, two interneurons, l1 and l2 monopolar cells, and epithelial glial cells show circadian rhythms in morphological plasticity. these rhythms depend on clock gene period (per) and cryptochrome (cry) expression. in the present study, we found that rhythms in the lamina of drosophila melanogaster may be regulated by circadian clock neurons in the brain since the lamina is invaded by one neurite extending from ventral lateral neurons; the ... | 2011 | 21760878 |
| fruitless rnai knockdown in males interferes with copulation success in schistocerca gregaria. | in drosophila melanogaster, the male-specific splice isoform of the fruitless gene (fru(m)) codes for a set of transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of male courtship and copulation. fru(m) is expressed in an interconnected neuronal circuit containing central and sensory neurons as well as motor neurons. a partial sequence from the schistocerca gregaria fru-gene from an est database allowed quantitative real time analysis of fru-expression in adult locusts, and revealed the h ... | 2011 | 21296153 |
| differential transcription in defined parts of the insect brain: comparative study utilizing drosophila melanogaster and schistocerca gregaria. | the brain of all higher organisms has a modular architecture. processing of various tasks, such as learning, olfaction, or motor control is performed in specialized brain areas, characterized by morphological and molecular peculiarities. to identify those genes that are transcribed in only one region of the insect brain, we chose two different approaches, differential display pcr and dna array hybridization, with two different insect species, the desert locust schistocerca gregaria and the fruit ... | 2004 | 15378392 |
| early embryo patterning in the grasshopper, schistocerca gregaria: wingless, decapentaplegic and caudal expression. | although the molecular pathways that pattern the early embryo of drosophila melanogaster are well understood, how these pathways differ in other types of insect embryo remains largely unknown. we have examined the expression of three markers of early patterning in the embryo of the african plague locust schistocerca gregaria, an orthopteran insect that displays a mode of embryogenesis very different from that of drosophila. transcripts of the caudal gene are expressed maternally and are present ... | 2001 | 11566850 |
| evolution of ftz protein function in insects. | the drosophila gene fushi tarazu (ftz) encodes a homeodomain-containing transcriptional regulator (ftz) required at several stages during development. drosophila melanogaster ftz (dm-ftz) is first expressed in seven stripes defining alternate parasegments of the embryo--a "pair-rule" segmentation function [1, 2]. it is then expressed in specific neural precursor cells in the central nervous system and finally in the developing hindgut [3]. an orthopteran ortholog of ftz (sg-ftz, formally dax) ha ... | 2001 | 11566109 |
| tentative identification of a resilin gene in drosophila melanogaster. | a search of the drosophila genome for gene products with similarities to the amino acid sequences of three tryptic peptides from locust (schistocerca gregaria) resilin gave two positive results: gene products cg15920 and cg9036. in both conceptual translation products a 62-residue region is present, which is identical to the resilin peptides in 29 positions. gene product cg15920 has an amino acid composition closely resembling that of resilins from various insect species, and it has an n-termina ... | 2001 | 11483432 |
| a locust type 1 adp-ribosylation factor (larf1)* is 100% identical in amino acid sequence to drosophila arf1 despite obvious dna sequence divergence. | the cdna of a type 1 adp-ribosylation factor (arf) from the desert locust, locusta migratoria was cloned, sequenced and compared to arf1 genes of other species. the locust arf1 protein is 100% identical with the arf1 protein of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster even though the dna sequences are only 79% identical. the significance of this finding in relation to the considerable evolutionary distance between hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects is discussed. | 2000 | 11122465 |