Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the evolution of hexapod engrailed-family genes: evidence for conservation and concerted evolution. | phylogenetic analyses imply that multiple engrailed-family gene duplications occurred during hexapod evolution, a view supported by previous reports of only a single engrailed-family gene in members of the grasshopper genus schistocerca and in the beetle tribolium castaneum. here, we report the cloning of a second engrailed-family gene from schistocerca gregaria and present evidence for two engrailed-family genes from four additional hexapod species. we also report the existence of a second engr ... | 0 | 16790405 |
| identification of distinct tyraminergic and octopaminergic neurons innervating the central complex of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | the central complex is a group of modular neuropils in the insect brain with a key role in visual memory, spatial orientation, and motor control. in desert locusts the neurochemical organization of the central complex has been investigated in detail, including the distribution of dopamine-, serotonin-, and histamine-immunoreactive neurons. in the present study we identified neurons immunoreactive with antisera against octopamine, tyramine, and the enzymes required for their synthesis, tyrosine d ... | 0 | 23595814 |
| study on the occurrence of some microorganisms in locusts, schistocerca gregaria (forsk.) and their toxicological effects on laboratory animals. | 1963 | 14121845 | |
| occurrence of pseudomonas aeruginosa (schroeter) migula as a pathogenic bacterium of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria (forskål). | 1965 | 4953369 | |
| oral infection of second-instar nymphs of schistocerca gregaria by metarrhizium anisopliae. | 1966 | 5949417 | |
| motile streptococci from the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | 1966 | 5939389 | |
| distribution of ommochromes in schistocerca gregaria embryos during development. | 1968 | 547621 | |
| concentrations of acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate in pigeon blood and desert locust haemolymph. | 1971 | 5154039 | |
| aspergillosis in desert locust (schistocerka gregaria forsk). | fatal aspergillus flavus infection of desert locust at field station for investigations on locusts, bikaner, india, has been described. the infection appeared in the form of pinkish to brownish black patches with hardening of the affected regions, paralysis and twichings of the legs. the fungus was demonstrated in the lesions and was isolated from the diseased parts as well as from the air, floor and walls of the breeding cabin. the cool and humid conditions of the cabin favoured growth of the f ... | 1975 | 814463 |
| evasion of the haemocytic defence reaction of certain insects by larvae of hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda). | larvae of hymenolepis diminuta develop in the haemocoele of the beetles tribolium and tenebrio, and of the locust schistocerca gregaria, without being encapsulated by haemocytes. the mechanism of this evasion of the haemocytic defence reaction has been examined using various techniques. larvae grown in culture and injected into s. gregaria have a few or no haemocytes adherent even after 8h, although latex beads injected at the same time have been thickly encapsulated. this, and results of transp ... | 1976 | 967532 |
| effects of calcium ions and adenosine diphosphate on the activities of nad+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase from the radular muscles of the whelk and flight muscles of insects. | 1. the activity of nad+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase from the radular muscle of the whelk is higher than those in many vertebrate muscles and only slightly lower than in the flight muscles of insects. the enzyme activity from the whelk (buccinum undatum) is stable for several hours after homogenization of the radular muscle, whereas that from insect flight muscle is very unstable. consequently, the enzyme from the whelk muscle is suitable for a systematic investigation of the effects of ca2+ ... | 1976 | 182126 |
| calcium and sulphur in neurosecretory granules and calcium in mitochondria as determined by electron microscope x-ray microanalysis. | sections of neurosecretory cells fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide were studied by means of an emma-4 analytical microscope. secretory granules in neurosecretory cells of the corpus cardiacum and of the brain, both in the desert locust schistocerca and in the blowfly calliphora, as well as neurosecretory granules in posterior pituitaries of the frog rana and of the albino rat all contain a high concentration of calcium. a distinct sulphur peak was also a constant feature. in neurosecr ... | 1978 | 627026 |
| the dorsal, unpaired, median neurons of the locust metathoracic ganglion. | neurons having large cell bodies in the anterior dorsal median cluster in the metathoracic ganglion of the locust schistocerca gregaria and the grasshopper romalea microptera were studied by direct dye injection and reverse filling combined with elyctrical stimulation and recording. eight, possibly nine, are of the unpaired type, with a t branch leading into left and right axons that leave the ganglion to terminate in muscles. another six are probably paired, and may be interneurons. five of the ... | 1978 | 632816 |
| pesticides for locust control. | the factors influencing the choice of insecticides for locust control are effectiveness, safety in use, relative cost, and the formulations available. the relative importance of these factors varies with the scale of control. in small scale control by farmers safety and simplicity are paramount and a bhc dust is commonly used, but in large scale control operations by specialized organizations more toxic formulations ultra-low-volume (u.l.v.) concentrates and methods of application requiring cons ... | 1979 | 43523 |
| alcoholic bouin fixation of insect nervous systems for bodian silver staining. ii. modified solutions. | a previously devised synthetic equivalent of 'aged alcoholic bouin (duboscq-brasil) fixative was modified in various ways to discover which of the chemical changes brought about by aging were important in improving fixation and staining. effects were tested with ventral nerve cord ganglia of the cockroach periplaneta americana, locust schistocerca gregaria, and honey bee apis mellifera. formation of reaction products, chiefly ethyl acetate and diethoxymethane, seemed to play only a subsidiary ro ... | 1980 | 6161444 |
| occupational asthma in a research centre breeding locusts. | the prevalence of work-related asthma, rhinitis and urticaria was measured in a scientific establishment working with locusts. twenty-six percent of those handling the locust in the research centre had work-related wheeze or breathlessness, and one-third had work-related rhinitis and urticaria. work-related symptoms were uncommon in scientists exposed to locusts in the field, and in other employees at the centre. antigens were prepared from the locusts, schistocerca gregaria and locusta migrator ... | 1980 | 7449072 |
| maximum activities and properties of glucose 6-phosphatase in muscles from vertebrates and invertebrates. | 1. the maximum catalytic activities of glucose 6-phosphatase were measured in a large number of muscles from vertebrates and invertebrates. the activities range from less than 0.1 to 8.0 mumol/min per g fresh wt. at 30 degrees c: the highest activity, observed in the flight muscle of the wasp (vespa vulgaris), is similar to that in rat liver. the hydrolytic activity was shown to be specific towards glucose 6-phosphate. 2. the ph optimum was 6.8 and the km was approx. 0.6 mm (flight muscle of a m ... | 1981 | 6275855 |
| humoral mechanisms in the immune response of insects to larvae of hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda). | previous work has shown that larvae of hymenolepis diminuta are not encapsulated by the haemocytes of the locust, schistocerca gregaria, but are encapsulated by haemocytes of the cockroach, periplaneta americana. the specificity of the cellular immune response in vivo, and of the agglutinating activity of the sera against vertebrate erythrocytes in vitro, is known to differ between the two species of insect. accordingly, the sera of each of these species was tested for its agglutinating activity ... | 1981 | 7301407 |
| mechanism of hydroxylation at c-22 during the biosynthesis of ecdysteroids in the locust schistocerca gregaria. | 1. the fates of the 22-pro-r and 22-pro-s hydrogen atoms of cholesterol during the biosynthesis of ecdysteroids in the ovaries of schistocerca gregaria were investigated. 2. two stereospecifically labelled cholesterol species, obtained by incubating 3r,2r- and 3r,2s-[2-14c, 2-3h]mevalonic acid with rat liver preparations, were administered, in turn, to maturing adult female locusts and the radiolabelled ecdysteroid conjugates isolated from the eggs. enzymic hydrolysis of the conjugates yielded f ... | 1982 | 7165737 |
| identification of ecdysonoic acid and 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid isolated from developing eggs of schistocerca gregaria and pupae of spodoptera littoralis. | ecdysonoic acid and 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid have been purified from developing eggs of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria, by high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.), and their structures were determined by p.m.r. spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the free and methyl ester derivatives. 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid was also characterized from spodoptera littoralis pupae. the occurrence of both 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid and ecdysonoic acid in sp. littoralis ... | 1983 | 6684422 |
| naturally occurring agglutinins against trypanosomatid flagellates in the haemolymph of insects. | in vitro studies of the behaviour of the trypanosomatid flagellates trypanosoma brucei and leishmania hertigi in the presence of cell-free haemolymph of locusts, schistocerca gregaria and cockroaches, periplaneta americana revealed the presence of parasite agglutinins. the range of normal values of agglutination titres was 2(-4) to 2(-13). physico-chemical treatment of haemolymph indicated that these agglutinins are protein or glycoprotein in nature and are only partially affected by heat treatm ... | 1984 | 6096791 |
| ecdysone 20-mono-oxygenase in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | the enzyme catalysing the hydroxylation of ecdysone to 20-hydroxyecdysone, ecdysone 20-mono-oxygenase (ec 1.14.99.22), was investigated in the malpighian tubules of fifth-instar locusts, schistocerca gregaria. enzyme activity was optimal at 35 degrees c and ph 6.8-8.0. under these conditions the mono-oxygenase exhibited an apparent km for ecdysone of 7.1 x 10(-7) m, a maximal specific activity of 1.1 nmol/h per mg of protein and was competitively inhibited by 20-hydroxyecdysone with an apparent ... | 1984 | 6439188 |
| insect adipokinetic hormones. | peptides with adipokinetic (and usually carbohydrate-mobilizing) potency have been demonstrated in various insects, including locusta migratoria, schistocerca gregaria, manduca sexta, danaus plexippus and periplaneta americana. as far as characterized by now the adipokinetic factors are blocked peptides, consisting of eight to ten amino acid residues. in locusts the adipokinetic hormones are synthesized in the glandular lobe of the corpus cardiacum and released into the haemolymph in response to ... | 1985 | 3831971 |
| the distribution of bovine pancreatic polypeptide/fmrfamide-like immunoreactivity in the ventral nervous system of the locust. | the distribution of bovine pancreatic polypeptide (bpp) fmrfamide-like immunoreactivity is described in the ganglia of the ventral nerve cord and in the peripheral median nervous system of the locust, schistocerca gregaria. immunoreactive cell bodies occur in three regions of the thoracic ganglia: 1) two pairs of cells lie in the anterior of the ganglion ventral to the root of nerve 1 and the anterior ventral association centre; 2) a group of cells lies in the ventral midline at the level at whi ... | 1985 | 2579985 |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor complex of insect cns: characterization of a benzodiazepine binding site. | the specific binding of [n-methyl-3h]flunitrazepam ([3h]fnzp) to a membrane fraction from the supraoesophageal ganglion of the locust (schistocerca gregaria) has been measured. the ligand binds reversibly with a kd of 47 nm. the binding is ca2+-dependent, a property not found for the equivalent binding site in vertebrate brain. the pharmacological characteristics of the locust binding site show similarities to both central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in mammals. thus binding is enhan ... | 1986 | 3021910 |
| hemolymph transfer as an assay for immunorecognition in the cockroach periplaneta americana and the locust schistocerca gregaria. | a quantitative assay for measuring the number of hemocytic nodules formed in response to foreign particles and soluble molecules has been used, in the locust schistocerca and the cockroach periplaneta, to investigate the response to transferred hemolymph. xenogeneic test particles, rabbit neutrophil leukocytes, stimulate formation of nodules when injected into both insect species, compared with saline-injected controls. however, the number of nodules formed in the locust in response to cockroach ... | 1986 | 3952802 |
| an fmrfamide antiserum differentiates between populations of antigens in the brain and retrocerebral complex of the locust, schistocerca gregaria. | the distribution of fmrfamide-irmunoreactive cell bodies in the brain and retrocerebral complex of the locust, schistocerca gregaria, is described. most of the immunoreactive cell bodies are found in the pars intercerebralis and in the optic lobes. many, but not all, of the cell bodies also react with an antiserum raised against bovine pancreatic polypeptide, but this antiserum also reveals another population of cells that stain selectively with this antiserum. in addition to the cell bodies, nu ... | 1987 | 21253765 |
| a study of cyclic amp-dependent protein phosphorylation in schistocerca gregaria cns: a comparison to that in mammalian cns. | 1. the effect of cyclic amp (10 microm) on the incorporation of 32p into protein was studied in cell-free preparations of schistocerca gregaria cerebral ganglia. 2. cyclic amp-dependent phosphorylation of total protein was maximal after 60 sec, had a ph optimum of 7 to 8, was not affected by temperature (22-37 degrees c) and had a km of 77 microm atp. 3. cyclic amp increased the phosphorylation of total and specific protein in soluble fractions greater than synaptosomal greater than microsomal g ... | 1988 | 2834140 |
| fmrfamide-like immunoreactivity in the metathoracic ganglion of the locust (schistocerca gregaria). | the distribution of fmrfamide-like immunoreactivity in the metathoracic ganglion of the locust, schistocerca gregaria, has been investigated in serial semithin transverse sections with the use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) technique. the topographical distribution of approximately 120 immunopositive neurons was established. antiserum against bovine pancreatic polypeptide (bpp) stains the same ganglionic cells as fmrfamide-antiserum, yet this staining is largely blocked after preabsorpti ... | 1988 | 3409299 |
| methyllycaconitine and (+)-anatoxin-a differentiate between nicotinic receptors in vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. | specific high-affinity binding sites for 125i-alpha-bungarotoxin and (-)-[3h]nicotine have been measured in rat brain and locust (schistocerca gregaria) ganglia. the binding sites for 125i-alpha-bungarotoxin had similar kd values of 1.5 x 10(-9) and 0.8 x 10(-9) m for rat and locust preparations, respectively; the corresponding values for the (-)-[3h]nicotine-binding site were 9.3 x 10(-9) and 1.7 x 10(-7) m. methyllycaconitine (mla) potently inhibited 125i-alpha-bungarotoxin binding in both rat ... | 1988 | 3338564 |
| purification of choline acetyltransferase from the locust schistocerca gregaria and production of serum antibodies to this enzyme. | choline acetyltransferase (chat; ec 2.3.1.6) was purified from the heads of schistocerca gregaria to a final specific activity of 1.61 mumol acetylcholine (ach) formed min-1 mg-1 protein. the molecular mass of the enzyme as determined by gel filtration is 66,800 daltons. the final enzyme preparation showed one major band at 65,000 daltons on sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which corresponds with the native molecular mass of the enzyme, a band at 56,000 daltons, a ... | 1988 | 3335852 |
| neuropeptide-degrading endopeptidase activity of locust (schistocerca gregaria) synaptic membranes. | locust adipokinetic hormone (akh, pglu-leu-asn-phe-thr-pro-asn-trp-gly-thr-nh2) was used as the substrate to measure neuropeptide-degrading endopeptidase activity in neutral membranes from ganglia of the locust schistocerca gregaria. initial hydrolysis of akh at neural ph by peptidases of washed neural membranes generated pglu-leu-asn and phe-thr-pro-asn-trp-gly-thr-nh2 as primary metabolites, demonstrating that degradation was initiated by cleavage of the asn-phe bond. amastatin protected the c ... | 1988 | 3063256 |
| the relationship of mucoid substances and ion and water transport, with new data on intestinal goblet cells and a model for gastric secretion. | it is known from the physical chemistry that mucoid substances (glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycoproteins) constitute polyanionic gels with anomalous colligative behaviour and differential preference for binding some cations such as h+, k+, ca2+. the mucus secreting membranes in animals also constitute ion and water transporting epithelia with morphologically characterised pericellular compartments. these pericellular compartments are not free-fluid spaces as is assumed in conventional ph ... | 1989 | 2701492 |
| further characterisation of the [35s]-tbps binding site of the gaba receptor complex in locust (schistocerca gregaria) ganglia membranes. | 1. using homogenates of supraoesophageal ganglia from locust we observed specific binding of [35s]-tbps which was linear with protein concentration up to 7 mg/ml, showed a ph optimum at ph 9.0 and was linear with nacl concentration up to 350 mm. 2. kinetic analysis of the binding showed positive cooperativity as a result of changes in on and off-rates with occupation of the binding site by the ligand. the apparent kd = 417 nm and bmax = 1083 fmol/mg of membrane protein were calculated using a co ... | 1989 | 2566451 |
| hydrolysis of cyclic quanosine 3',5'-monophosphate in tissues of schistocerca gregaria/forsk./orthoptera. | 1989 | 172753 | |
| a study of the protozoa associated with some harmful insects in the local environment. | the present study includes finding resulting from examination of three species of harmful insects, periplaneta americana, schistocerca gregaria and anacanthoterms ochraceus, collected from six cities in the central region of saudi arabia. two species of septate gregarines of the genus gregarina dufor, were found g. blattarum (siebold) from mid gut of p. americana and g. rigida from gut of s. gregaria, also six species of mastigophora in gut of white ant a. ochraceus, trichonympha campanula, spir ... | 1990 | 2332640 |
| amino acid receptors from insect muscle: electrophysiological characterization in xenopus oocytes following expression by injection of mrna. | poly(a)+ messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) was extracted from leg muscles of the locust schistocerca gregaria and injected into oocytes of xenopus laevis. after 5-10 days incubation, receptors for l-glutamate, l-quisqualate, dl-ibotenate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) were expressed. agonist-induced currents were dose-dependent, and, in the concentration range 1 microm to 1 mm, generally had peak values of 50 na. the responses to all agonists, apart from gaba, exhibited desensitization which ... | 1990 | 2176711 |
| sequence and functional expression of a single alpha subunit of an insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. | we report the isolation and sequence of a cdna clone that encodes a locust (schistocerca gregaria) nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (achr) subunit (alpha l1). the calculated molecular weight of the unglycosylated polypeptide, which contains in the proposed extracellular domain two adjacent cysteine residues which are characteristic of alpha (ligand binding) subunits, is 60,641 daltons. injection into xenopus oocytes, of rna synthesized from this clone in vitro, results in expressi ... | 1990 | 1702381 |
| homologous patterns in the embryonic development of the peripheral nervous system in the grasshopper schistocerca gregaria and the fly drosophila melanogaster. | to determine the generality of developmental mechanisms involved in the construction of the insect nervous system, the embryonic development of the peripheral nervous system in the grasshopper schistocerca gregaria was characterized at the level of identified neurons and nerve branches and then compared to that previously described from the fly drosophila melanogaster. for this, immunocytochemistry using a neuron-specific antibody was carried out on staged grasshopper embryos. our results show t ... | 1991 | 1769332 |
| isolation of a neuropeptide from locust corpus cardiacum which influences ileal transport. | 1. schistocerca gregaria ion-transport peptide (scg-itp) was isolated from aqueous extracts of the corpus cardiacum by a four-step procedure, utilizing reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for separation and stimulation of a cl(-)-dependent short-circuit current (isc) across locust ilea as the bioassay. 2. scg-itp has an unblocked n terminus and an apparent relative molecular mass of 7700. thirty-one residues (of an estimated 65) were identified by sequence analysis. 3. scg-itp i ... | 1992 | 1487715 |
| primary structure of locust flight muscle fatty acid binding protein. | the amino acid sequence of the fatty acid binding protein (fabp) from flight muscle of the locust, schistocerca gregaria, has been determined. the sequence of the n-terminal 39 amino acid residues, determined by automated edman degradation, was used to prepare a degenerate oligonucleotide that corresponded to amino acid residues 16-23. cdna coding for fabp was constructed from flight muscle mrna and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using the degenerate oligonucleotide and an oligo dt-n ... | 1992 | 1497348 |
| the innervation of the closer muscle of the mesothoracic spiracle of the locust. | the closer muscle of the mesothoracic spiracle of the locust, schistocerca gregaria is innervated by two excitatory motoneurones and also by processes of a peripherally located neurosecretory cell. within the muscle, ultrastructural studies show the presence of two types of excitatory nerve terminal which differ in the content of dense cored vesicles and in their distribution. the ventral segment of the muscle is innervated predominantly by terminals with small clear vesicles and only an occasio ... | 1992 | 1440578 |
| fine structure of the rectal pads in the desert locust schistocerca gregaria with reference to the mechanism of water uptake. | the rectal pads of schistocerca gregaria are composed of three different cell types: epithelial, secondary and junctional cells. the rectal pads are interconnected by simple rectal cells and both are lined internally by a articular intima. the epithelial cells exhibit extensive infoldings of the apical plasma membranes that are closely associated with mitochondria. their lateral plasma membranes are highly folded around large mitochondria and enclose intercellular channels and spaces. they are u ... | 1992 | 18621204 |
| a simple method for immunofluorescent double staining with primary antisera from the same species. | we have developed a new double immunofluorescence technique by which two neuroactive substances in the same tissue section can be labeled with primary antisera raised in the same species. the optic lobes of the locust schistocerca gregaria were used as a model system to develop the staining procedure. fmrfamide-immunoreactive neurons were detected by rabbit antisera against fmrfamide and fitc-conjugated secondary antibodies. antibodies against the second peptide, pigment-dispersing hormone (pdh) ... | 1993 | 8450202 |
| selectively fluorinated analogs reveal differential olfactory reception and inactivation of green leaf volatiles in insects. | the role of the alkyl terminus of green leaf volatile (glv) molecules in olfactory reception and inactivation was examined in three diverse insect species: the beet armyworm,spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera); the colorado potato beetle,leptinotarsa decemlineata (coleoptera); and the desert locust,schistocerca gregaria (orthoptera), using selectively fluorinated analogs of glvs and electroantennograms (eags). when only the magnitude of the depolarization of the eag is considered (a measure of recep ... | 1993 | 24249373 |
| activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on cultured drosophila and other insect neurones. | 1. using whole-cell and single channel recordings, we have examined the properties of acetylcholine (ach)-activated currents in neurones from larval and pupal drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), larval and embryonic musca domestica (house fly), and nymphal schistocerca gregaria (locust). 2. in all preparations, single channel recordings revealed two major classes of ach-activated channels, with average conductances of approximately 32 and 59 ps. 3. at ach concentrations from 1 to 10 microm, cha ... | 1993 | 7504110 |
| the modulatory effect of schistoflrfamide on heart and skeletal muscle in the locust schistocerca gregaria | schistoflrfamide (pdvdhvflrfamide) is one of the endogenous fmrfamide-like neuropeptides found in the nervous system of the locust schistocerca gregaria (robb et al. 1989; robb and evans, 1990). fmrfamide-like neuropeptides modulate the actions of a wide variety of both skeletal and visceral muscles in insects (evans and myers, 1986a; schoofs et al. 1993b) and have been suggested to act both as circulatory hormones and as locally released neurotransmitters (see discussion in robb and evans, 1990 ... | 1994 | 9318083 |
| partial characterization of specific inducers of a cuticle-degrading protease from the insect pathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | the insect pathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae produces several extracellular cuticle-degrading proteases and evidence is consistent with one of these, pr1, which is a chymoelastase, being a determinant of pathogenicity. we have shown previously that pr1 production is regulated by both carbon catabolite and nitrogen metabolite repression and also by specific induction under derepressed conditions by insect cuticle. in the present work we have established that an enzymically released protein ... | 1994 | 7812455 |
| fatty acid binding protein in locust and mammalian muscle. comparison of structure, function and regulation. | the flight muscle of adult desert locusts, schistocerca gregaria, contains a fatty acid binding protein (fabp) that is homologous to mammalian m-fabp (cardiac fabp. in spite of the evolutionary distance between invertebrates and vertebrates, locust muscle fabp is similar to cardiac fabp in its amino acid sequence, structure, and binding behavior. while cardiac fabp is present already in the prenatal period, locust fabp is an adult specific protein; its expression is directly linked to metamorpho ... | 1994 | 7553341 |
| three-dimensional structure of the muscle fatty-acid-binding protein isolated from the desert locust schistocerca gregaria. | the three-dimensional structure of the fatty-acid-binding protein isolated from the flight muscle of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria has been solved and refined to a crystallographic r-value of 18.5% for all measured x-ray data from 30.0- to 2.2-a resolution. crystals employed in the investigation were grown from 2.6 to 2.8 m ammonium sulfate solutions, buffered at ph 7.5 and containing 2-5% 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol. they belonged to the space group p2(1) with unit cell dimensions of a = ... | 1994 | 7918460 |
| immunocytochemical mapping of serotonin and neuropeptides in the accessory medulla of the locust, schistocerca gregaria. | accumulating evidence suggests that pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neurons with ramifications in the accessory medulla of the insect brain are involved in circadian pacemaking functions. we have used immunocytochemical techniques to investigate the neurochemical organization of the accessory medulla in the locust schistocerca gregaria. local neurons with arborizations largely restricted to the accessory medulla are immunoreactive with antisera against serotonin, manduca sexta allatotr ... | 1995 | 8576441 |
| nitric oxide synthesis in locust olfactory interneurones | the brain of the locust schistocerca gregaria contains a nitric oxide synthase (nos) that has similar properties to mammalian neuronal nos. it catalyses the production of equimolar quantities of nitric oxide (no) and citrulline from l-arginine in a ca2+/calmodulin- and nadph-dependent manner and is inhibited by the nomega-nitro and nomega-monomethyl analogues of l-arginine. in western blots, an antiserum to the 160 kda rat cerebellar nos subunit recognises a locust brain protein with a molecular ... | 1995 | 9318598 |
| molecular cloning of three distinct cdnas, each encoding a different adipokinetic hormone precursor, of the migratory locust, locusta migratoria. differential expression of the distinct adipokinetic hormone precursor genes during flight activity. | three distinct cdnas encoding the preproadipokinetic hormones i, ii, and iii (prepro-akh i, ii, and iii), respectively, of locusta migratoria have been isolated and sequenced. the three l. migratoria akh precursors have an overall architecture similar to that of other precursors of the akh/red pigment-concentrating hormone (rpch) family identified so far. the akh i and ii precursors of l. migratoria are highly homologous to the schistocerca gregaria and schistocerca nitans akh precursors. althou ... | 1995 | 7559443 |
| distribution of schistoflrfamide-like immunoreactivity in the adult ventral nervous system of the locust, schistocerca gregaria. | schistoflrfamide (pdvdhvflrf-nh2) is one of the major endogenous neuropeptides of the fmrfamide family found in the nervous system of the locust, schistocerca gregaria. to gain insights into the potential physiological roles of this neuropeptide we have examined the distribution of schistoflrfamide-like immunoreactivity in the ventral nervous system of adult locusts by use of a newly developed n-terminally specific antibody. schistoflrfamide-like immunoreactivity in the ventral nerve cord is fou ... | 1995 | 7648627 |
| localization of octopaminergic neurones in insects. | this paper reviews data on the localization of octopaminergic neurons revealed by immunocytochemistry in insects, primarily the locusts schistocerca gregaria and locusta migratoria, cricket gryllus bimaculatus, and cockroach periplaneta americana. supporting evidence for their octopaminergic nature is mentioned where available. in orthopteran ventral ganglia, the major classes of octopamine-like immunoreactive (-li) neurones include: (1) efferent dorsal and ventral unpaired median (dum, vum) neu ... | 1995 | 7712064 |
| the homeobox gene repo is required for the differentiation and maintenance of glia function in the embryonic nervous system of drosophila melanogaster. | we describe the cloning, expression and phenotypic characterisation of repo, a gene from drosophila melanogaster that is essential for the differentiation and maintenance of glia function. it is not, however, required for the initial determination of glial cells. in the embryo, the gene, which encodes a homeodomain protein, is expressed exclusively in all developing glia and closely related cells in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. the only observed exceptions in the cns are the ... | 1995 | 7768175 |
| organization of the hox gene cluster in the grasshopper, schistocerca gregaria. | the conserved organization of the hox genes throughout the animal kingdom has become one of the major paradigms of evolutionary developmental biology. we have examined the organization of the hox genes of the grasshopper, schistocerca gregaria. we find that the grasshopper hox cluster is over 700 kb long, and is not split into equivalents of the antennapedia complex and the bithorax complex of drosophila melanogaster. sgdax and probably also sgzen, the grasshopper homologues of fushi-tarazu (ftz ... | 1996 | 8917538 |
| ryanoids change the permeability of potassium channels of locust (schistocerca gregaria) muscle. | the plasma membrane of locust skeletal muscle contains two types of k+ channel; a maxi, ca2+-activated 170 ps channel (bk channel) and an inward rectifier of 35 ps conductance (ik channel). the effects of ryanodine, 9,21-didehydroryanodine and 9,21-didehydroryanodol on these channels have been investigated. in the concentration domain 10(-9) m to 10(-5) m, ryanodine irreversibly induced a dose-dependent reduction of the reversal potential (vrev) of the channel currents, measured under physiologi ... | 1996 | 8764972 |
| analysis and modeling of time-dose-mortality of melanoplus sanguinipes, locusta migratoria migratorioides, and schistocerca gregaria (orthoptera: acrididae) from beauveria, metarhizium, and paecilomyces isolates from madagascar | a complementary log-log (cll) model was used to model time-dose-mortality relationships from bioassay tests of 26 fungal isolates mostly from madagascar, africa, against three acridid species, all referred to here as "grasshoppers." the fungal pathogens included 15 isolates of beauveria bassiana, 9 isolates of metarhizium flavoviridae, and 2 isolates of paecilomyces spp. grasshopper species tested included melanoplus sanguinipes, locusta migratoria migratorioides, and schistocerca gregaria. the ... | 1996 | 8812605 |
| purification of a novel, heat-stable serine protease inhibitor protein from ovaries of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | a protease-inhibitor was isolated from mature ovaries of schistocerca gregaria by a combination of trypsin-affinity chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. it was characterized by aminoterminal amino acid sequencing using edman degradation based automated microsequencing and by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. the n-terminal sequence (y)xaexdela(a)eey(y)q(q)x(i)(l)m (x being a cys, an irregular or modified amino acid) revealed no similarities with any other protease ... | 1997 | 9299512 |
| isolation and characterization of an adipokinetic hormone release-inducing factor in locusts: the crustacean cardioactive peptide. | a methanolic extract of 7000 desert locust (schistocerca gregaria) brains contains several factors that stimulate the in vitro release of adipokinetic hormone (akh) by glandular cells of locust (locusta migratoria and schistocerca gregaria) corpora cardiaca. the most potent one has now been fully identified. matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry-time of flight analysis revealed a mass of 954.6 da. the primary structure of the peptide, pro-phe-cys-asn-ala-phe-thr-gly-cys-n ... | 1997 | 8977396 |
| virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium flavoviride gams and rozsypal and toxicity of diflubenzuron, fenitrothion-esfenvalerate and profenofos-cypermethrin to nontarget arthropods in mauritania. | within the framework of the gtz project, biological and integrated control of locusts and grasshoppers, a laboratory screening fo rmetarhizium flavoviride (strain mfl 5) blastospore pathogenicity to the nontarget arthropods pharoscymnus anchorago f. (coleoptera:coccinellidae), trachyderma hispida (forskâl) (coleoptera:tenebrionidae), palpares cf. tesselatus rambur (neuroptera:myrmeleontidae) and thanatus sp. (araneae: philodromidae) was conducted in akjoujt research station, mauritania. various ... | 1997 | 9002437 |
| lectin histochemistry of the metathoracic ganglion of the locust schistocerca gregaria before and after axotomy of the tympanal nerve. | the thoracic ganglia of insects exhibit a highly ordered organization. it seems possible that the information underlying the emergence of this order during development and its maintenance throughout insect life is given via a distinct pattern of molecules distributed within the ganglion. the question we asked was whether the adult insect ganglion is subdivided by the distribution of specific carbohydrates and furthermore whether or not this distribution changes during degeneration and regenerati ... | 1997 | 9336227 |
| a novel insect antifeedant nonprotein amino acid from calotropis gigantea | giganticine (1), a novel nonprotein amino acid, has been isolated from a methanol extract of the root bark of calotropis gigantea and its structure established by spectroscopic methods. it exhibited a significant antifeedant activity against nymphs of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria. | 1998 | 9548837 |
| cloning and functional characterisation of two novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunits from the insect pest myzus persicae. | nicotinic acetylcholine receptors play a major role in excitatory neurotransmission in insect cnss and constitute an important target for insecticides. here, we report the isolation and functional characterisation of two cdnas encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunits from a major insect pest, the peach-potato aphid myzus persicae. these two subunits, termed mp alpha1 and mp alpha2, are respective structural homologues of the drosophila d alpha2/schistocerca gregaria alphal1 alpha ... | 1998 | 9721715 |
| the ovary of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria contains a glycine- and proline-rich peptide that displays sequence similarities with a new class of gprp proteins from plants. | a novel, highly hydrophobic, glycine- and proline-rich peptide was characterized in the ovary of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. the peptide was detected as one of the major peaks in a chromatographic separation of an acidic methanolic extract of 50 mature ovaries. electrospray mass spectrometry yielded a molecular mass of 6305 da. the partial amino acid sequence as determined by edman degradation based automated microsequencing is as follows: ala-tyr-pro-ala-his-gln-gly-tyr- pro-ala-h ... | 1998 | 9480819 |
| role of cuticle-degrading proteases in the virulence of metarhizium spp. for the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria | the production of the subtilisin proteinase, pr1, and the trypsin-like enzyme, pr2, in liquid cultures of 19 isolates of metarhizium spp. was investigated. pr1 activity was generally observed 72 h after inoculation whilst pr2 activity was detected in most strains 48 h after inoculation. pr1 was partially purified from each isolate of metarhizium spp. the ability of this enzyme from each isolate to degrade different types of insect cuticle was investigated. the cuticle types used were manduca sex ... | 1998 | 9500951 |
| localization of soluble guanylyl cyclase alpha-subunit in identified insect neurons. | the distribution of soluble guanylyl cyclase in the brain of the locust schistocerca gregaria was analysed using antisera to a highly conserved region (x-peptide) of the drosophila soluble guanylyl cyclase alpha-subunit (sgcalpha). analysis of locust brain and locust eye homogenates in western blots using x-peptide antisera revealed specific staining of a approximately 65 kda band, which is similar to the expected molecular mass for a sgcalpha-subunit. sgcalpha-immunoreactivity was localized in ... | 1998 | 9685632 |
| characterization of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from the insect manduca sexta. | manduca sexta is a nicotine-insensitive insect, the larval form of which feeds on tobacco. it has been postulated that its nicotine insensitivity may reflect the presence of a modified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor whose alpha subunits lack the amino acid residues necessary for binding nicotine: we have performed ligand binding assays and molecular cloning to examine this hypothesis. [125i]alpha-bungarotoxin bound specifically to both larval and adult membranes, with kd values of 7.6 and 6.5 ... | 1998 | 9753155 |
| development of a bioassay employing the desert locust (schistocerca gregaria) for the detection of saxitoxin and related compounds in cyanobacteria and shellfish. | monitoring paralytic shellfish toxins (pst) in shellfish and freshwater cyanobacteria is largely dependent on the mouse bioassay. an alternative assay was devised using the desert locust schistocerca gregaria. the bioassay successfully identified the optimum extraction procedure for pst from cyanobacterial cells and was also suitable for screening acid extracts of shellfish flesh. these results demonstrate the potential of the locust bioassay for the routine screening of pst in a range of sample ... | 1998 | 9620590 |
| insect larvae contain substances toxic to adults: the discovery of paralysins. | acidic methanolic extracts of larvae of nine different insect species were found to contain substances that cause a lethal effect in the adult stage of the same species and of other species. these endogenous toxic substances, apparently being widely spread over the class of insects, were designated as paralysins, because of their immediate and observable paralytic effect upon injection. the developmental concentration curves of five different species of insects (galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) ... | 1998 | 12770158 |
| expression of phase-specific haemolymph polypeptides in a laboratory strain and field catches of schistocerca gregaria. | uvarov's theory of locust phase polymorphism implies a differential phase-specific gene expression. it was the goal of the present investigation to provide data on the molecular level for this concept. we used the technique of 2d gel electrophoresis to generate haemolymph polypeptide maps from mature locust males. under the given conditions we identified 238 polypeptide spots by their molecular weight and isoelectrical point. isolated and crowded males from the mainz strain, all originating from ... | 1999 | 12770270 |
| successful parasitation of locusts by entomopathogenic nematodes is correlated with inhibition of insect phagocytes. | the entomopathogenic nematodes heterorhabditis megidis and steinernema feltiae turned out to be successful antagonists of the orthopteran insects locusta migratoria and schistocerca gregaria. the death rate of locusts maintained on nematode-inoculated sand was remarkably high. even dosages as low as one nematode per cubic centimeter of sand killed approximately 50% of the locusts within 10 days. the impact of parasitation on locusts' immune defense was closely investigated for l. migratoria para ... | 1999 | 10066395 |
| immunocytochemistry of gaba in the central complex of the locust schistocerca gregaria: identification of immunoreactive neurons and colocalization with neuropeptides. | the central complex is a highly organized neuropil structure in the insect brain and plays a role in motor control and visual orientation. we describe the distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) immunostaining in the central complex of the locust schistocerca gregaria in an effort to analyze inhibitory neural circuits within this brain area. antisera against gaba and the gaba-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase resulted in identical patterns of immunostaining. cell counts reve ... | 1999 | 10379833 |
| purification, structural characterization, cloning and immunocytochemical localization of chemoreception proteins from schistocerca gregaria. | soluble low-molecular-mass protein isoforms were purified from chemosensory organs (antennae, tarsi and labrum) of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria. five genes encoding proteins of this group were amplified by pcr from cdnas of tarsi and sequenced. their expression products are polypeptide chains of 109 amino acids showing 40-50% sequence identity with putative olfactory proteins from drosophila melanogaster and cactoblastis cactorum. direct structural investigation on isoforms purified f ... | 1999 | 10411636 |
| proteinase inhibitors from desert locust, schistocerca gregaria: engineering of both p(1) and p(1)' residues converts a potent chymotrypsin inhibitor to a potent trypsin inhibitor. | two peptides, sgci and sgti, that inhibited chymotrypsin and trypsin, respectively, were isolated from the haemolymph of schistocerca gregaria. their primary structures were found to be identical with sgp-2 and sgp-1, two of a series of peptides isolated from ovaries of the same species (a. hamdaoui et al., febs lett. 422 (1998) 74-78). all these peptides are composed of 35-36 amino acid residues and contain three homologous disulfide bridges. the residues imparting specificity to sgci and sgti ... | 1999 | 10556568 |
| identification of a new tachykinin from the midgut of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria, by esi-qq-oa-tof mass spectrometry. | this paper reports the purification of a tachykinin isoform from the midgut of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. one hundred locust midguts were extracted in an acidified methanolic solvent, after which three hplc column systems were used to obtain a pure peptide. a tachykinin immunoassay was used to monitor all collected fractions. after each purification step the purity of the sample was monitored by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. the pure peptide was sequenced by esi-qq-oa-tof mass spec ... | 1999 | 10581195 |
| the role of destruxins in the pathogenicity of metarhizium anisopliae for three species of insect | the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae var anisopliae produces a family of cyclic peptide toxins, destruxins (dtx), both in culture and in vivo in mycosed insects. the contribution of these insecticidal toxins to the disease process has been investigated in the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta (lepidoptera), the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria (orthoptera), and the vine weevil, otiorhynchus sulcatus (coleoptera). a significant negative correlation was found between the titer of d ... | 1999 | 10534408 |
| acid phosphatases in the haemolymph of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria, infected with the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | a comparison has been made between the effects of wounding, chemical stimulation of the immune system and fungal infection on acid phosphatase (acp) activity in the haemolymph of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. untreated control locusts had constitutive levels of acp. as a lysosomal enzyme, acp may have a role in autophagy and cell turn over as well as defence. injection of saline and beta-1,3-glucan caused significant increases in haemocyte and plasma acp. acp activity also increased ... | 2000 | 10844143 |
| low molecular weight serine protease inhibitors from insects are proteins with highly conserved sequences. | a low molecular weight protease inhibitor peptide found in ovaries of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria (sgpi-2), was purified from plasma of the same locust and sequenced. it was named sgci. it was found active towards chymotrypsin and human leukocyte elastase. sgci was synthesized using a solid-phase procedure and the sequence of its reactive site for chymotrypsin was determined. compared with an inhibitor purified earlier from another locust species, the total sequence of sgci showed 88 ... | 2000 | 10696590 |
| mechanism of c-2 hydroxylation during the biosynthesis of 20-hydroxyecdysone in ajuga hairy roots. | feeding synthetic [2beta-2h]- and [2alpha-2h]-cholesterols to the hairy roots of ajuga reptans var. atropurpurea and 2h-nmr analysis of the biosynthesized 20-hydroxyecdysone revealed that hydroxylation at c-2 proceeds with retention of configuration. feeding [2alpha,3alpha-2h2]cholesterol followed by 2h-nmr analysis of the 2,3,22-triacetate of the resulting 20-hydroxyecdysone ruled out a mechanism which involves a partial loss of the 2alpha-hydrogen. the steric course of c-2 hydroxylation in aju ... | 2000 | 10726854 |
| the immune response of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria during mycosis of the entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae var acridum. | topical application of metarhizium anisopliae var acridum to the desert locust schistocerca gregaria resulted in changes in the biochemistry and antimicrobial defenses of the haemolymph. m. anisopliae var acridum colonized the host haemolymph from day two post application. the haemocytes did not attach to, phagocytose or nodulate elements of the fungus. however, the presence of the fungus appeared to stimulate hemocyte aggregation over the first few days of mycosis though the number of aggregate ... | 2000 | 12770206 |
| parturition hormone in the tsetse glossina morsitans: activity in reproductive tissues from other species and response of tsetse to identified neuropeptides and other neuroactive compounds. | parturition hormone (ph) activity is present not only in the uterus of the tsetse glossina morsitans but also in the oviducts of bombyx mori and schistocerca gregaria, as well as the ejaculatory duct of s. gregaria males. activity thus appears to be present in the reproductive ducts of diverse insect taxa. to determine whether any of the common insect neuropeptides are capable of mimicking the effect of ph, 35 identified neuropeptides and analogs were evaluated for ph activity. modest ph activit ... | 2000 | 12770225 |
| a locust type 1 adp-ribosylation factor (larf1)* is 100% identical in amino acid sequence to drosophila arf1 despite obvious dna sequence divergence. | the cdna of a type 1 adp-ribosylation factor (arf) from the desert locust, locusta migratoria was cloned, sequenced and compared to arf1 genes of other species. the locust arf1 protein is 100% identical with the arf1 protein of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster even though the dna sequences are only 79% identical. the significance of this finding in relation to the considerable evolutionary distance between hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects is discussed. | 2000 | 11122465 |
| chemosensory proteins of locusta migratoria (orthoptera: acrididae). | we describe a family of proteins abundantly expressed in the chemoreception sensory organs, the antennae and legs, of the desert locust, locusta migratoria (orthoptera, acrididae). using polymerase chain reaction-based approaches and homology screenings, "os-d"-like proteins were identified in l. migratoria. the different sub-types (lmigos-ds) are very similar to each other and share about 50-70% identity with os-ds from drosophila melanogaster and periplaneta americana. a similar degree of iden ... | 2000 | 10732991 |
| functional expression of a locust visual pigment in transgenic drosophila melanogaster. | the cdna encoding a visual pigment of the locust schistocerca gregaria has been inserted into the germline of the ninae mutant of drosophila melanogaster by p-element-mediated transformation. functional expression has been documented by recording light-regulated electroretinograms in transgenic flies. the spectral properties of the expressed visual pigment were determined with detergent-solubilized material, prepared from the eyecups of the transgenic d. melanogaster. the recombinant locust pigm ... | 2000 | 10727930 |
| frequent assimilation of mitochondrial dna by grasshopper nuclear genomes. | multiple copies of mitochondrial-like dna were found in the brown mountain grasshopper, podisma pedestris (orthoptera: acrididae), paralogous to coi and nd5 regions. the same was discovered using the nd5 regions of nine other grasshopper species from four separate subfamilies (podisminae, calliptaminae, cyrtacanthacridinae, and gomphocerinae). the extra nd5-like sequences were shown to be nuclear in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria (cyrtacanthacridinae), and probably so in p. pedestris a ... | 2000 | 10723741 |
| early embryo patterning in the grasshopper, schistocerca gregaria: wingless, decapentaplegic and caudal expression. | although the molecular pathways that pattern the early embryo of drosophila melanogaster are well understood, how these pathways differ in other types of insect embryo remains largely unknown. we have examined the expression of three markers of early patterning in the embryo of the african plague locust schistocerca gregaria, an orthopteran insect that displays a mode of embryogenesis very different from that of drosophila. transcripts of the caudal gene are expressed maternally and are present ... | 2001 | 11566850 |
| evolution of ftz protein function in insects. | the drosophila gene fushi tarazu (ftz) encodes a homeodomain-containing transcriptional regulator (ftz) required at several stages during development. drosophila melanogaster ftz (dm-ftz) is first expressed in seven stripes defining alternate parasegments of the embryo--a "pair-rule" segmentation function [1, 2]. it is then expressed in specific neural precursor cells in the central nervous system and finally in the developing hindgut [3]. an orthopteran ortholog of ftz (sg-ftz, formally dax) ha ... | 2001 | 11566109 |
| tentative identification of a resilin gene in drosophila melanogaster. | a search of the drosophila genome for gene products with similarities to the amino acid sequences of three tryptic peptides from locust (schistocerca gregaria) resilin gave two positive results: gene products cg15920 and cg9036. in both conceptual translation products a 62-residue region is present, which is identical to the resilin peptides in 29 positions. gene product cg15920 has an amino acid composition closely resembling that of resilins from various insect species, and it has an n-termina ... | 2001 | 11483432 |
| matrix proteins from insect pliable cuticles: are they flexible and easily deformed? | proteins from pliable cuticle of locusts, schistocerca gregaria, and silk moth larvae, hyalophora cecropia, were studied in solution by means of a fluorescent probe, 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulphonic acid (ans), which is much more fluorescent in non-polar media than in polar media. an intense ans-fluorescence was observed in the presence of the cuticular proteins at ph-values close to their acidic isoelectric points, and the fluorescence decreased markedly when ph was increased to neutrality or w ... | 2001 | 11222954 |
| a comparative study on hypertrehalosaemic hormones in the hymenoptera: sequence determination, physiological actions and biological significance. | a new hypertrehalosaemic peptide (tea-hrth; pqlnfstgwgg-nh(2)) was isolated from the corpora cardiaca (cc) of the sawfly tenthredo arcuata. the hypertrehalosaemic peptides found in the cc of five bombus species and the paper wasp polistes fuscata were identical to the adipokinetic hormone ii of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria (scg-akh-ii). the hypertrehalosaemic peptides found in the yellowjacket vespula vulgaris and the hornet vespa crabro were identical to the adipokinetic hormone of ... | 2001 | 11249944 |
| cdna cloning and transcript distribution of two different neuroparsin precursors in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | neuroparsins were originally identified in locust corpus cardiacum extracts as folliculostatic or 'antigonadotropic' neuropeptides. this paper presents the cloning of two different neuroparsin precursor cdnas from the brain of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. the first transcript encodes the precursor (scg-npp1) of s. gregaria neuroparsin a and b, whereas the second codes for a novel neuroparsin-related peptide precursor (scg-npp2). both precursors display significant sequence similarit ... | 2001 | 11422514 |
| proteolytic breakdown of the neb-trypsin modulating oostatic factor (neb-tmof) in the hemolymph of different insects and its gut epithelial transport. | the degradation of the unblocked hexapeptide, trypsin modulating oostatic factor of the flesh fly neobellieria (sarcophaga) bullata (neb-tmof) was studied in vitro in the hemolymph of the lepidopteran spodoptera frugiperda, the orthopteran schistocerca gregaria and the dictyopteran leucophaea maderae. the half-life in the different species varied from approximately 3min in l. maderae to approximately 25min in s. gregaria. purification of the degradation products and esi-qq-oa-tof mass spectromet ... | 2001 | 12770174 |
| cloning and sequence of the gene encoding the muscle fatty acid binding protein from the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | muscle fatty acid binding protein (fabp) is a major cytosolic protein in flight muscle of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. fabp expression varies greatly during development and periods of increased fatty acid utilization, but the molecular mechanisms that regulate its expression are not known. in this study, the gene coding for locust muscle fabp was amplified by pcr and cloned, together with 1.2 kb of upstream sequence. the sequence coding for the 607 bp cdna is interrupted by two intr ... | 2001 | 11267894 |
| bacterial expression and conformational analysis of a chemosensory protein from schistocerca gregaria. | chemosensory proteins (csps) are a class of small, soluble proteins present at high concentrations in chemosensory organs of different insect species. several pieces of evidence suggest their involvement in carrying chemical messages from the environment to chemosensory receptors. however, a structural description of the mechanism of delivery has not been reported. in order to provide the first detailed conformational characterization of these molecules, we cloned a specific isoform (csp-sg4) fr ... | 2001 | 11532016 |
| purification and sequence determination of a yellow protein from sexually mature males of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | a yellow protein from abdominal cuticle of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria, has been purified and its amino acid sequence determined. the yellow color comes from bound carotene, the protein is only deposited in the epidermis and cuticle of male locusts during their sexual maturation, and the deposition is dependent upon a sufficiently high titer of juvenile hormone. the sequence of the protein is atypical for a cuticular protein, but it has some similarity to a putative juvenile hormone ... | 2001 | 11583931 |
| a novel fatty acid response element controls the expression of the flight muscle fabp gene of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | in many tissues, fatty acid binding protein (fabp) expression is stimulated by exposure to elevated fatty acid levels. in contrast to the fabp genes expressed in other tissues, the molecular mechanisms that mediate the upregulation of the muscle fabp gene have not been elucidated. we have studied the expression of locust flight muscle fabp, a protein that is highly homologous to the mammalian h-fabps. a 130-bp promoter fragment of the locust gene, which includes a canonical tata box and several ... | 2001 | 11722577 |
| effects of temperature and relative humidity on sporulation of metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum in mycosed cadavers of schistocerca gregaria. | the effects of relative humidity (rh) and temperature on the sporulation of metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on mycosed cadavers of desert locust, schistocerca gregaria, were assessed in the laboratory. quantitative assessments of conidial production over 10 days under constant conditions showed that sporulation was optimized at rh > 96% and at temperatures between 20 and 30 degrees c. under both these conditions >10(9) conidia/cadaver were produced. at 25 degrees c, conidial yield was maximi ... | 2001 | 11812107 |
| acute toxicity of locust insecticides to two indigenous invertebrates from sahelian temporary ponds. | during desert locust plagues large amounts of insecticides are used for control operations. drift from these treatments and accidental overspraying may contaminate small surface waters such as temporary ponds. the present study describes methods for static acute toxicity tests with two abundant organisms that occur in temporary ponds in the african sahel region: the fairy shrimp streptocephalus sudanicus daday (branchiopoda, anostraca, streptocephalidae) and the backswimmer anisops sardeus herri ... | 2001 | 11161680 |