Publications

ixodid ticks from panthers and bobcats in florida.	ixodid ticks were present in all 189 samples examined from 53 florida panthers (felis concolor coryi, 104 collections) and 85 bobcats (felis rufus floridana) in florida (usa) between 1974 and 1991. we identified 3,251 ticks from panthers and 918 from bobcats. specimens of dermacentor variabilis, ixodes scapularis, i. affinis, amblyomma maculatum, and a. americanum were present on 49, 39, 17, seven, and two of the 53 florida panthers, respectively, and comprised 36%, 55%, 7%, 1%, and < 1% of the ...	1995	8592378
prevalence of antibodies to coxiella burnetti, rickettsia conorii, and rickettsia typhi in seven african countries.	the prevalences of antibodies reactive with coxiella burnetti, rickettsia conorii, and rickettsia typhi were determined by indirect fluorescent antibody testing of sera from seven african countries. the seroprevalences of antibodies reactive with c. burnetti and r. conorii in countries from north africa were similar to those reported from southern europe. in countries of sub-saharan africa, the seroprevalence of antibodies reactive with c. burnetti varied greatly; the generally higher figures fo ...	1995	8589132
temporal association of amblyomma americanum with the presence of ehrlichia chaffeensis reactive antibodies in white-tailed deer.	from 1981 through 1993, tick infestations and serum antibodies reactive to ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human ehrlichiosis, were monitored among white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) at whitehall experimental forest, clarke county, georgia (usa). neither ticks nor e. chaffeensis antibodies were detected during the first two years of the study. infestations of the lone star tick (amblyomma americanum), a suspected vector of e. chaffeensis, first were noted on deer in 1983. p ...	1995	8583627
identification of an uncultivable borrelia species in the hard tick amblyomma americanum: possible agent of a lyme disease-like illness.	bites from the hard tick amblyomma americanum are associated with a lyme disease-like illness in the southern united states. to identify possible etiologic agents for this disorder, a. americanum ticks were collected in missouri, texas, new jersey, and new york and examined microscopically. uncultivable spirochetes were present in approximately 2% of the ticks. borrelia genus-specific oligonucleotides for the flagellin and 16s rrna genes were used for amplification of dna. products were obtained ...	1996	8568302
hemocytic rickettsia-like organisms in ticks: serologic reactivity with antisera to ehrlichiae and detection of dna of agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis by pcr.	ixodid ticks were collected from connecticut, massachusetts, missouri, pennsylvania, rhode island, and british columbia (canada) during 1991 to 1994 to determine the prevalence of infection with hemocytic (blood cell), rickettsia-like organisms. hemolymph obtained from these ticks was analyzed by direct and indirect fluorescent antibody (fa) staining methods with dog, horse, or human sera containing antibodies to ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia equi, or rickettsia rickettsii. of the 693 nymphal and a ...	1995	8567911
clinical disorders observed in anteaters (myrmecophagidae, edentata) in captivity.	the major health problems found in 103 captive lesser anteaters (tamandua tetradactyla) and giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla), family myrmecophagidae, are presented and correlated with management. the most common of 200 recorded clinical disorders involved the digestive system (26%), nutritional deficiency (20%), injury (15.5%), respiratory system (10%), skin (7%) and circulatory system (4.5%), but 13% of the cases were inconclusive. parasites were identified in 48.5% of faecal samples, ...	1995	8560755
serologic diagnosis of human monocytic ehrlichiosis by immunoblot analysis.	human monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis, an intracellular bacterium probably transmitted by the tick amblyomma americanum in the united states. despite its lack of specificity in discriminating among infections by closely related ehrlichia spp., immunofluorescence assay (ifa) is the most frequently used serological diagnostic method. to improve the specificity of the serological diagnosis, we compared antigenic profile of e. canis and e. chaffeensis antigen with homologou ...	1994	8556515
field evaluation of deet and a piperidine repellent (ai3-37220) against amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae).	repellent efficacy of deet (n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) and a piperidine, ai3-37220, was evaluated topically on human volunteers against lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.), nymphs and adults in the field. ai3-37220, at 0.5 mg/cm2, provided > 90% repellency against adult and nymphal ticks over a 6-h test period and showed significantly better repellent efficacy than deet. deet, at the same concentration, provided 85% repellency at 0 h and deteriorated to 55% repellency at 6 h.	1995	8551512
prevalence of rickettsia-like organisms and spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks (acari: ixodidae) from zimbabwe.	the prevalence of rickettsia-like organisms in ticks from zimbabwe was determined using the hemolymph test. amblyomma hebraeum had the highest prevalence of rickettsia-like organisms. other species with rickettsia-like organisms included amblyomma sparsum, amblyomma variegatum, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, ripicephalus simus, haemaphysalis leachi, amblyomma rhinocerotis, and hyalomma truncatum. ticks with no demonstrable rickettsia-like organisms infection were boophilus decoloratus, haemaphysal ...	1995	8551500
the life-cycle of the bont tick amblyomma hebraeum in vitro.	the life-cycle of the hard tick amblyomma hebraeum was completed in vitro by feeding all life-stages of the tick through silicone membranes on bovine blood from an abattoir. ticks were placed in a simple feeder membranes on bovine blood from an abattoir. ticks were placed in a simple feeder consisting of a honey jar containing the blood with a glass tube insert (o.d. 42 mm) across the end of which the membrane was stretched. this feeding unit was held in a water bath (38 degrees c). larvae and n ...	1995	8550288
prostaglandin biosynthesis and subcellular localization of prostaglandin h synthase activity in the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum.	we report on prostaglandin (pg) biosynthesis in the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum. in vitro preparations of whole female ticks and internal tissues were competent to biosynthesize four pgs: pga2/pgb2, pgd2, pge2, pgf2 alpha. pga2/pgb2 was the major product under optimal conditions. pg biosynthesis by whole tick and internal tissues were sensitive to incubation conditions including, protein concentration, time, temperature, ph, and presence of a co-factor cocktail composed of reduced gluta ...	1995	8541884
physiological and nutritional responses of steers infested with varying densities of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae).	the effects of varying densities of lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.), on measured physiological parameters of beef cattle in a controlled environment was determined. steers were infested with either 0, 20, 60, or 120 pairs of adult ticks. heart rate, respiration, rectal temperature, fecal and urine excretions, and water and feed consumption were monitored daily. blood samples were taken every 3rd d to measure cortisol, total proteins, urea nitrogen, and glucose levels. hematocrits were ...	1995	8537543
some properties of the ecdysteroid receptor in the salivary gland of the ixodid tick, amblyomma hebraeum.	salivary gland degeneration in ixodid ticks is triggered by an ecdysteroid hormone. we used [3h]ponasterone a (poa) as a specific ligand to detect the ecdysteroid receptor in the salivary glands of large, partially fed female ticks (amblyomma hebraeum koch; acari: ixodidae). binding of [3h]poa was thermolabile and sensitive to pronase, but not to dnase or rnase, indicating that the ligand binds to a protein. scatchard analysis of [3h]poa binding strongly suggested the presence of an ecdysteroid ...	1995	8536946
the relationship between tick (amblyomma hebraeum) infestation and immunity to heartwater (cowdria ruminantium infection) in calves in zimbabwe.	the occurrence of endemic stability for heartwater (cowdria ruminantium infection) is a controversial issue, because the means by which young cattle and other neonatal ruminants become infected and acquire immunity to the disease have never been adequately explained. we conducted a study in a heartwater-endemic area in southeastern zimbabwe to investigate the relationships between calf immunity to c. ruminatium, infestations of the tick vector amblyomma hebraeum and dam, colostral and calf antib ...	1995	8533273
recent acquisitions on tick and tick-borne disease resistance in n'dama (bos taurus) and gobra zebu (bos indicus) cattle.	the use of disease resistant breeds is recognised as an economically realistic alternative to acaricide application and drug administration in tick and tick-borne disease control schemes. although resistance is mainly associated with zebu (bos indicus) breeds, studies carried out in the gambia show a higher resistance to ticks and tick-borne diseases in n'dama (bos taurus) than in gobra (b. indicus) cattle. tick resistance in n'dama breed appears to be effective against those species with long h ...	1995	8532370
computer-controlled olfactometer system for studying behavioral responses of ticks to carbon dioxide.	an olfactometer system that consisted of a laptop computer, a carbon dioxide analyzer, and an apparatus to control gas flows was designed to study ixodid tick behavioral responses to varying carbon dioxide (co2) concentrations. the system provided a method to regulate and measure stimulatory co2 concentrations (1-99 ppm) above ambient co2 background levels. adult amblyomma americanum (l.) and dermacentor variabilis (say) demonstrated behavioral responses to co2 concentrations as low as 9 ppm abo ...	1993	8510116
ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) and livestock production: effect of varying acaricide treatments on ticks and productivity in east coast fever-immunized weaner and dairy cattle.	in a pilot trial to evaluate cost-effective methods of acaricide application, east coast fever-immunized weaner and dairy cattle were subjected to varying tick control regimens. all experimental cattle were maintained under the same extensive system of management. their monthly tick load, packed cell volumes, incidence of blood protozoans, weight changes, and daily milk production were noted. apart from rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann, other tick species found in the study site were r. pulc ...	1993	8510109
a comparison of field tick infestation on n'dama, zebu and n'dama x zebu crossbred cattle.	tick burdens, estimated from cumulative tick counts, were determined on n'dama, zebu and f1 n'dama x zebu crossbred cattle. n'dama showed significantly fewer ticks than the zebu and f1 cattle (p < 0.001). a previous trypanosomosis infection did not affect tick burdens on the three genotypes. amblyomma variegatum had a prevalence of 84.8% and hyalomma spp. 15.2%, with the ratio similar on all cattle breeds. trypanosomosis infection increased the serological prevalence of anaplasma marginale in ze ...	1993	8493760
parasitic arthropods of sympatric opossums, cotton rats, and cotton mice from merritt island, florida.	six species of parasitic arthropods were collected from 12 opossums (didelphis virginiana), 8 species were obtained from 28 cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus), and 4 species were collected from 10 cotton mice (peromyscus gossypinus) from merritt island, brevard county, florida. the flea polygenis gwyni was the only parasite that infested all 3 host species, and it was present in very high densities (mean intensity = 73.7) on the opossums. the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis, and the tropi ...	1993	8459341
effects of temperature on fecundity and viral replication in amblyomma cajennense (arachnida: ixodidae) infected with venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus.	to assess how temperature affects fecundity and venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee) viral replication in vee-infected amblyomma cajennense (f.), adult ticks were inoculated intracoelomically with either vee virus (i-a variant) or diluent. ticks were held at 19, 26, or 33 degrees c and tested for vee virus over 20 d. up to 10 pairs of ticks (1 female:1 male) from each temperature group were allowed to feed on guinea pigs on day 8 after inoculation. maximum titers did not differ significantl ...	1993	8433340
differential recognition of saliva antigens from the ixodid tick amblyomma hebraeum (acari: ixodidae) by sera from infested and immunized rabbits.	we determined the protein composition and antigenic content of saliva from amblyomma hebraeum female ticks of different weight classes. the mean protein concentration of saliva of small partially fed ticks (< 100 mg) was 333 +/- 83 micrograms/ml and that of large partially fed ticks (150-420 mg) was 59 +/- 14 micrograms/ml. the reduction in concentration mostly was caused by the significantly higher fluid volume per minute secreted by large ticks. polypeptide analysis of saliva indicated the pre ...	1993	8433335
experiments on the relationship between feeding of the tick amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae) and dermatophilosis skin disease in sheep.	experiments on the systemic effect of feeding adult amblyomma variegatum (f.) on dermatophilosis caused by dermatophilus congolenis in six sheep were performed by feeding ticks at sites separate from sites of experimental infection with d. congolensis. comparisons were made with d. congolensis infections on six control sheep without ticks. tick-infested sheep developed chronic dermatophilosis lesions; tick-free sheep healed rapidly. on two tick-infested and two control sheep a chronological sequ ...	1993	8433320
implications of selection and hybridization studies on the mode of inheritance of photoperiodically induced developmental diapause in laboratory strains of the lone star tick (acari: ixodidae).	selection of lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l.), that were reared in the laboratory under short-day photoperiods of 10:14 (l:d) h resulted in third generation (f3) diapause versus f3 nondiapause strain replete nymphs having significantly different mean molting times (days from detachment to ecdysis) of 100.9 versus 54.7 d, respectively; whereas, the f7 unselected laboratory control strain had an even smaller, significantly different mean molting time of 49.5 d. two hybrid crosses of f2 n ...	1993	8433316
detection of cowdria ruminantium by means of a dna probe, pcs20 in infected bont ticks, amblyomma hebraeum, the major vector of heartwater in southern africa.	a dna probe, pcs20, previously described for use in detection of cowdria ruminantium infections in amblyomma variegatum (the principal vector of heartwater) hybridized with c. ruminantium dna in organs of laboratory-infected a. hebraeum adult ticks (the major southern african vector of heartwater). the probe hybridized with c. ruminantium dna in 46/49 midguts from male ticks and 26/29 from females, thus indicating infection. corresponding salivary glands were less heavily infected, but infection ...	1993	8432329
establishment of the foreign partheonogenetic tick amblyomma rotundatum (acari: ixodidae) in florida.	the parthenogenetic tick amblyomma rotundatum, a central and south american species, has become established in southern florida. the date of introduction is unknown, but it is suspected to be either during the 1930s, when 1 of its natural hosts, the giant or marine toad, bufo marinus, was introduced to southern florida as a potential biological control of pest beetles in sugar cane fields, or between 1955 and 1964 when specimens of b. marinus were accidentally or deliberately released in the gre ...	1993	8410557
progress in research on tick-borne diseases: theileriosis and heartwater.	the rapid population growth in subsaharan africa necessitates a great increase in animal production in the more humid zones. vector-borne diseases occurring in these zones will assume more importance, but are difficult to control. they include theileriosis and heartwater. recent developments in research on these diseases are presented. indigenous animal populations in endemic areas, subjected to natural selection, are far less susceptible than exotic stock. heartwater, caused by the rickettsia c ...	1993	8372422
amblyomma americanum: a potential vector of human ehrlichiosis.	polymerase chain reaction primers specific for ehrlichia chaffeensis were used to amplify dna from extracts of pooled ticks. amplification was performed on extracts from 140 pools (1,579 total ticks) consisting of three tick genera collected from five states. the characteristic 389-basepair product was observed after amplification of extracts from seven different pools of adult amblyomma americanum (117 pools, 1,462 ticks), but not from pools of nymphs. no specific product was observed after amp ...	1993	8357086
isolation and transmission of the lyme disease spirochete from the southeastern united states.	the isolation of the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) from the southeastern united states is reported. three isolates, two from cotton mice (peromyscus gossypinus) and one from the black-legged tick (ixodes scapularis), were recovered from sapelo island, georgia, in july and september 1991. the spirochetes were characterized by indirect fluorescent antibody assay using a battery of five monoclonal antibodies, by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds/page) o ...	1993	8346258
analysis of lipids in the salivary glands of amblyomma americanum (l.): detection of a high level of arachidonic acid.	analysis of lipids in salivary glands of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum, demonstrated that arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6) comprises 8% of all fatty acids identified by gas chromatography. the occurrence of arachidonic acid and other c20 polyunsaturated fatty acids in tick salivary glands was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. arachidonate is located entirely in the phospholipid fraction and is associated exclusively with phosphatidylcholine (pc) and phosphatidylethanolami ...	1993	8324244
first description of the male and redescription of the immature stages of amblyomma rotundatum (acari: ixodidae), a recently discovered tick in the u.s.a.	the male of amblyomma rotundatum is described for the first time, and the nymph and larva are redescribed. this tick is a parthenogenetically reproducing species parasitic on amphibians and reptiles in the warmer areas of the new world. attempts to mate male and female a. rotundatum under laboratory conditions were unsuccessful.	1993	8277377
changes in lipids of the salivary glands of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum, during feeding.	the lipid composition of salivary glands from male and female lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum, was investigated at progressive stages of tick feeding. the amounts of fatty acids from both phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions increased dramatically during the initial stage of feeding and peaked in partially fed females weighing 100-250 mg. percentage compositions of myristic (14:0) and palmitic acid (16:0) decreased, but stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and arachidonic aci ...	1993	8277375
kinetics of male pheromone production by amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae).	males of amblyomma variegatum (f.), when attached on their host, produce a pheromonal blend composed of methyl salicylate, ortho-nitrophenol, and nonanoic acid, which acts as an aggregation-attachment pheromone. using olfactometry assays, assays on hosts, and quantification of the compounds by capillary gas chromatography, the kinetics of pheromone production has been studied. males engorged for at least 10 d elicit attachment from most of the tested females. attractiveness of males for females ...	1993	8271253
potential role of cattle egrets, bubulcus ibis (ciconiformes: ardeidae), in the dissemination of amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae) in the eastern caribbean.	the potential role of cattle egrets, bubulcus ibis (l.), in the dissemination of amblyomma variegatum (f.) in the eastern caribbean was evaluated. the status of cattle egrets as hosts for a. variegatum in antigua was determined during seven survey periods between september 1988 and may 1991. the mean prevalences of infestation by larvae and nymphs were 2.3 and 0.5%, respectively. the mean intensity and relative density of infestation by larvae were 8.8 (sd = 9.80) and 0.2 (sd = 0.28), respective ...	1993	8271244
ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting medium-sized wild mammals in southwestern tennessee.	seven species of ixodid ticks (n = 2,661) were found on medium-sized wild mammals (n = 295) during a 13-mo study in shelby county, tennessee. the seven tick species collected were dermacentor variabilis (say), amblyomma americanum (l.), rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille), ixodes texanus (banks), i. cookei (packard), i. scapularis (say), and haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard). the raccoon had the greatest tick species diversity in all of the aforementioned ticks except h. leporispalustris ...	1993	8254637
new version of lstsim for computer simulation of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) population dynamics.	a previous version of lone star tick simulation model (lstsim) for a wildlife ecosystem was revised and expanded to include a beef cattle forage area and improved handling of tick-host-habitat interactions. relationships between environmental and biological variables were also refined in the new version. general validity of the revised model was established by comparing simulated and observed host-seeking populations of amblyomma americanum (l.) at five geographic locations, three in oklahoma an ...	1993	8254630
an immunoblotting diagnostic assay for heartwater based on the immunodominant 32-kilodalton protein of cowdria ruminantium detects false positives in field sera.	heartwater, a major constraint to improved livestock production in zimbabwe, threatens to invade areas which have been previously unaffected. to monitor its spread in zimbabwe, an immunoblotting diagnostic assay based on the responses of animals to the immunodominant, conserved 32-kda protein of cowdria ruminantium was evaluated. in this assay, no false reactions were detected with sera known to be positive and negative, but sera from some cattle, sheep, and goats from heartwater-free areas of z ...	1993	8253974
impact of natural infestation of amblyomma variegatum on the liveweight gain of male gudali cattle in adamawa (cameroon).	the effect of natural tick infestation on the liveweight gain (lwg) of male gudali zebu cattle was studied throughout a year by comparing the performances of two herds, one of which was submitted to weekly acaricidal treatment and the other was left untreated against ticks. six species of ticks were identified on the untreated animals: amblyomma variegatum, boophilus decoloratus, rhipicephalus lunulatus, rhipicephalus turanicus, hyalomma nitidum and hyalomma marginatum rufipes. most of the losse ...	1993	8249253
cross-mating between amblyomma parvum aragao, 1908 and amblyomma pseudoparvum guglielmone, mangold et keirans, 1990 (acari: ixodidae).		1993	8244207
antibodies to cowdria ruminantium in mozambican goats and cattle detected by immunofluorescence using endothelial cell culture antigen.	endothelial cell cultures, established from bovine umbilical cord arteries and subsequently infected with cowdria ruminantium, were used as antigen in the indirect fluorescent antibody test. bovine sera (374) and caprine sera (388) collected in 6 provinces of mozambique were tested. overall, 30.4% of goat sera had antibodies to cowdria, and 43% of sera collected from cattle. north of the river save, where the tick amblyomma variegatum is highly prevalent, overall percentages of positive sera wer ...	1993	8236490
in vitro feeding of instars of the ixodid tick amblyomma variegatum on skin membranes and its application to the transmission of theileria mutans and cowdria ruminatium.	an in vitro feeding method using rabbit or cattle skin membranes, applied successfully to all stages (larvae, nymphae and adults) of the ioxodid tick, amblyomma variegatum, is described. the feeding apparatus consisted of a blood container with a membrane placed on top of a tick containment unit. a carbon dioxide atmosphere of between 5 and 10% and a temperature of 37 degrees c were used as stimulants for the attachment of the ticks. high co2 concentrations in the atmosphere improved the feeding ...	1993	8233589
[epidemiology of cowdria infection in senegal. ii. results of sero-epidemiological follow-up studies].	the authors report the results of sero-epidemiological monitoring of zebu, diakoré and ndama cattle in the sahel, niayes and north guinea zones, respectively. calves aged 0-3 or 3-6 months were subjected to blood sampling every three months for a period of 20 months. in the niayes and north guinea zones, the immunofluorescence test showed that about 70% of 0-1 month old calves reacted positively to the cowdria ruminantium antigen, whereas the prevalence was 92% between 3 and 6 months. after the ...	1993	8190981
[epidemiology of cowdria infection in senegal. i. study of the transmission and infection level in amblyomma variegatum (fabricius, 1794) in the niayes region].	the authors report the results of research on infection rates of amblyomma variegatum nympha and imago populations by cowdria ruminantium in the niayes region as well as on the transmission rates of a. variegatum by the various stases. the experiments were carried out on sheep from the sahelian zone where the vector tick is not endemic. the infection rate, estimated by inoculating sheep with ground ticks, gave the following prevalences: t = 13.3% for nymphae and t = 1.2% for adults. the transmis ...	1993	8190980
prevalence of borrelia (spirochaetaceae) spirochetes in texas ticks.	between 1990 and 1992, ticks from eight texas parks were collected and analyzed to determine the prevalence of spirochete-infected ticks. borrelia spirochetes were detected in 1.03% of 5,141 amblyomma americanum (l.) adults examined, a species texas residents often encounter. no spirochetes were observed in the other tick species tested.	1994	8189421
observations on cattle ticks in huila province (angola).	in huila province of angola, 3864 ticks were collected during a parasitological survey carried out in the rainy season from october 1990 to april 1991. the samples were collected from cattle gathered for the annual vaccination campaign against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, anthrax and blackleg in 18 veterinary stations of six municipalities. after tick classification, the following proportions of ticks were obtained: rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus (27.1%), amblyomma pomposum (26.4%), booph ...	1994	8171837
epidemiological studies on dermatophilosis in the caribbean.	dermatophilosis is one of the most important diseases of domestic ruminants in the caribbean islands where the clinical disease has been shown to be associated with the presence of the tick amblyomma variegatum. seroepidemiological studies were conducted to clarify the epidemiology of the disease in the region with a particular attention paid to the role of a. variegatum. a bank of 1300 cattle sera from the lesser antilles was screened by elisa for the presence of antibodies to dermatophilus con ...	1993	8161379
influence of annual and biennial prescribed burning during march on the abundance of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in central georgia.	a 5-yr study to evaluate the influence of annual and biennial prescribed burning in march on the abundance of amblyomma americanum (l.) was conducted on oconee wildlife management area in the piedmont physiographic region of georgia. tick abundance on plots embedded in larger burned and unburned areas were monitored with cloth drags and co2-baited cloth panels monthly during march through september from 1987 through 1991. annual and biennial prescribed burning from 1988 to 1991 significantly red ...	1994	8158633
seasonal and annual abundance of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in central georgia.	seasonal and annual changes in the abundance of amblyomma americanum (l.) larvae, nymphs, and adults were monitored over a 5-yr period in the piedmont physiographic region of georgia. tick abundance was monitored with cloth drags (all life stages) and co2-baited cloth panels (nymphs and adults) monthly during march through september from 1987 through 1991. larvae appeared in substantial numbers in july and were most numerous in august and september. small numbers of unfed larvae apparently overw ...	1994	8158632
wildlife as hosts for ticks (acari) in antigua, west indies.	a survey was conducted to determine the status of wild mammals and birds as hosts for amblyomma variegatum (f.) and other tick species in antigua. surveys of wild mammals and birds were conducted periodically from september 1988 through may 1991. wild mammals surveyed included the small indian mongoose (herpestes auropunctatus hodgson), norway rat (rattus norvegicus berkenhout), and house mouse (mus musculus l.), but only mongooses were surveyed intensively. larvae and nymphs of a. variegatum, l ...	1994	8158630
respiratory gas exchange in the tick amblyomma hebraeum (acari: ixodidae).	respiratory gas exchange was studied in unfed adult amblyomma hebraeum koch. carbon dioxide emission was measured at 25 degrees c using flow-through respirometry to determine standard metabolic rate and the temporal pattern of gaseous emission. the standard co2 production rate (svco2) of inactive ticks was 0.0135 +/- 0.0085 ml g-1 h-1, and the standard o2 consumption rate (svo2) was 0.0158 +/- 0.0097 ml g-1 h-1. ventilation was discontinuous and was characterized by periodic bursts of co2 emissi ...	1994	8158626
aponomma (bothriocroton) glebopalma, n. subgen., n. sp., and amblyomma glauerti n. sp. (acari: ixodida: ixodidae), parasites of monitor lizards (varanidae) in australia.	aponomma (bothriocroton) glebopalma, n. subgen., n. sp., and amblyomma glauerti, n. sp. (acari: ixodidae), are described from the monitor lizards varanus glebopalma mitchell and varanus glauerti mertens in western australia and the northern territory, australia. the new subgenus is erected to accomodate a. (bothriocroton) glebopalma, a new species with a deeply pitted and pilose scutum in both the adult and immature stages, unlike all other described species of aponomma. this new species is foun ...	1994	8158616
[the acquisition of resistance by laboratory mice to amblyomma hebraeum (ixodidae) larvae].	repeated feedings of larval amblyomma hebraeum ticks on laboratory mice results in strong decrease of engorged tick yield (from 65-73% after primary feeding to 11% after secondary feeding). laboratory mice differ essentially in this respect from rabbits and sheep which are unable to acquire the resistance (see norval, 1978) to larvae of this tick.	1993	8152843
identification of vertebrate volatiles stimulating olfactory receptors on tarsus i of the tick amblyomma variegatum fabricius (ixodidae). i. receptors within the haller's organ capsule.	gas chromatography-coupled electrophysiological recordings (gc-el) from olfactory sensilla within the capsule of haller's organ of the tick amblyomma variegatum indicate the presence of a number of stimulants in rabbit and bovine odours, and in steer skin wash. some of these stimulants were fully identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and by matching electrophysiological activity of synthetic analogues as: 1) hexanal, 2-heptenal, nonanal, furfural, benzaldehyde, and 2-hydrox ...	1994	8151519
progress towards a program for the eradication of amblyomma variegatum from the caribbean.	amblyomma variegatum (fabricius), the tropical bont tick, is now widely distributed in the caribbean. eighteen islands countries are now or were recently infested with the tick. to stop the spread of this tick to other non-infested islands and to the mainland areas of south, central and north america, a regional eradication program has been proposed and endorsed by the respective governments on each of the amblyomma variegatum infested islands, including the french government and caricom member ...	1993	8134654
eradication of a new focus of amblyomma variegatum in puerto rico.	in may 1992 an infestation with the tropical bont tick appeared in a small dairy heifer replacement herd in camuy, puerto rico, a completely new site located near puerto rico's northwest coast. this finding occurred after some three years of no infestation in either puerto rico or the u.s. virgin islands and is not suspected of being associated with any previous infestations. the methods used to eradicate this tick include spray treatment at a two-week interval of all domestic livestock, with am ...	1993	8134653
acaricides for eradication of the tick amblyomma variegatum in the caribbean.	the success of an eradication campaign against the tropical bont tick in the caribbean imposes the use of active acaricide compounds, if possible with residual activity, easy to apply and requiring few or no accessible water supplies and expensive application equipment. tests of in vitro susceptibility of tick strains from puerto rico and guadeloupe as well as observations of the impact of the current tick control campaigns conducted in some caribbean islands, seem to indicate that there is no p ...	1993	8134652
variability of cattle infestation by amblyomma variegatum and its possible utilisation for tick control.	a great variability of the individual infestation by amblyomma variegatum adults was observed on naturally infested gudali zebus. some of the animals (called "attractive for a. variegatum") had a tick burden 10 to 16 times higher than that of the least parasitized cattle of the herd (called "non-attractive"). ranking of the animals based on a. variegatum infestation was correlated for successive tick counts. experiments were designed to determine if the "non-attractive" cattle remained lightly i ...	1993	8134651
ventilation in the adults of amblyomma hebraeum and a. marmoreum (acarina, ixodidae), vectors of heartwater in southern africa.	the objective of this study was to establish the major features of respiratory gas exchange in unfed adults of the ticks amblyomma hebraeum and a. marmoreum, both vectors of heartwater in southern africa. carbon dioxide emission of ticks was measured at 25 degrees c using flow-through respirometry in order to determine standard metabolic rate (smr) and the temporal pattern of gaseous emission. for both species, smr was extremely low and approximately 100 fold less than that predicted for an inse ...	1993	8134650
the effect of tick control on the prevalence of dermatophilosis on indigenous cattle in ghana.	the effectiveness of three tick control regimes on the occurrence of amblyomma variegatum and dermatophilosis on cattle on the coastal plains of ghana were compared. animals at one kraal were sprayed with amitraz at predilection feeding sites of ticks every second week using a high concentration minimum volume technique. animals at two other kraals were treated with a deltamethrin based pour-on acaricide; at one kraal it was applied once every month while at the other kraal it was used at strate ...	1993	8134649
the systemic effect of adult and immature amblyomma variegatum ticks on the pathogenesis of dermatophilosis.	the systemic effect of adult and nymphal amblyomma variegatum on the pathogenesis of experimental infections of dermatophilus congolensis was investigated. three groups of four sheep were used with all 12 sheep being infected with identical titrated doses of d. congolensis one group of sheep was simultaneously infested with adult a. variegatum the second with nymphal a. variegatum and the third group were the controls, with no exposure to ticks. assessment of the resulting infections indicate th ...	1993	8134648
the epidemiology and control of camel dermatophilosis.	camel dermatophilosis was only recently described. it appears however that it is more widespread than originally thought. in kenya it has generally been found in the main semi-arid camel rearing areas of samburu and laikipia districts although it has not yet been found in the arid areas of turkana district. in an investigation of ticks on 200 camels, no amblyomma variegatum ticks were found although many other ticks were present. a. variegatum is suspected to transmit dermatophilosis in many dom ...	1993	8134647
an attempt to identify genetic markers of resistance or susceptibility to dermatophilosis in the zebu brahman population of martinique.	dermatophilosis is a disease associated with the tick amblyomma variegatum, and a genetic predisposition to the manifestation of symptoms has been demonstrated. indeed, the creole cattle of guadeloupe constitute a population which is highly resistant to this disease, whereas the brahman zebu cattle of martinique seem very susceptible. however, in this brahman population there is a gradient regarding the severity of symptoms depending on individuals. in several herds of these pure zebu brahman, k ...	1993	8134644
an attempt to correlate cattle breed origins and diseases associated with or transmitted by the tick amblyomma variegatum in the french west indies.	by using biological data and historical research, we have tried to explain the difference between resistance and susceptibility to the diseases transmitted (cowdriosis) or associated (dermatophilosis) with the tick amblyomma variegatum, in two cattle breeds of the french west indies: the creole crossbred cattle of guadeloupe and the brahman zebu cattle of martinique. have been studied the polymorphisms of 5 independent genetic systems (erythrocytic haemoglobin, serum albumin and transferrin, the ...	1993	8134643
cellular responses in experimental chronic and acute dermatophilosis infections of sheep.	the cellular infiltrate into the dermis in dermatophilosis lesions is composed of a range of cell types. the aim of this study was to establish if the composition of the cellular infiltrate in chronic lesions was different from that in healing lesions. experimental dermatophilus congolensis infections of sheep were used to study the sequential changes in cell types during the course of chronic and acute infections. infestations of adult amblyomma variegatum ticks were used to produce chronic les ...	1993	8134642
the tick vectors of cowdriosis in angola.	amongst the amblyomma species presently known to be capable of transmitting cowdria ruminantium six have been recorded in angola. a. pomposum is the most important and widely distributed. of secondary importance are a. variegatum, which prevails in cabinda and moxico provinces, and a. astrion which occurs in the littoral and transition strips and on camabatela plateau. a. sparsum and a. tholloni which are specific parasites of wild hosts are considered accidental vectors. a. hebraeum was introdu ...	1993	8134639
cowdriosis in senegal: some epidemiological aspects.	the results of a study on the abundance of amblyomma variegatum in different ecological zones and of cowdria ruminantium infection rates in nymphal and adult ticks of the north guinean zones are given. joint research is also conducted on the evaluation of seroprevalence. in this study, it appears that the vector is most important in the north guinean zone, followed by the south sudan and the coastal niayes zones. elsewhere, the tick populations are not significant or absent. the infection rate i ...	1993	8134635
development and transmission of cowdria ruminantium by amblyomma males transferred from infected to susceptible sheep.	male amblyomma sp. were tested as vectors of cowdria ruminantium, causative agent of heartwater disease. the males were allowed to feed on sheep experimentally infected with c. ruminantium and then were transferred to susceptible sheep to test for transmission of the rickettsia. the experiments were done in two trials. in the first trial, a. hebraeum were exposed to the palm river stock of c. ruminantium, while in the second trial the kiswani stock of cowdria was tested with a. variegatum. ticks ...	1993	8134630
cowdria ruminantium identified in amblyomma gemma using a dna probe pcs20.	amblyomma gemma ticks were collected from wild animals on a 20,000 acre game ranch in a heartwater endemic area in kenya, close to nairobi. a. variegatum is the main vector of heartwater in kenya. e.a. lewis, 1947, in a one sentence report has implicated a. gemma to be a vector of heartwater without giving any details. adult a. gemma were collected from giraffe giraffa camelopardalis, hartebeest alcephalus busephalus, eland taurotragus oryx and ostrich struthio camelus during cropping exercises. ...	1993	8134629
seroconversion to cowdria ruminantium of malawi zebu calves, reared under different tick control strategies.	the seroconversion by indirect elisa to cowdria ruminantium over the first year of life of sixty-six malawi zebu calves born into groups which were dipped 17 times per year was compared to seroconversion of 32 calves born into non-dipped groups. amblyomma variegatum tick counts and clinical disease in each group of cattle were monitored throughout the study period. no cases of heartwater were seen in either group of calves over the first 22 months of life. only one case of heartwater was observe ...	1993	8134628
the relationship between cowdria and ehrlichia: change in the behaviour of ehrlichial agents passaged through amblyomma hebraeum.	following an earlier report that an ehrlichia-like agent isolated from an adult hyalomma truncatum female became more pathogenic and elicited a disease in sheep indistinguishable from heartwater after having been passaged through amblyomma hebraeum, a similar phenomenon is herewith recorded. an ehrlichial agent demonstrated in the blood smear of a serologically positive, naturally infected lamb, changed in behaviour and assumed the characteristics of cowdria after passage through a. hebraeum. cr ...	1993	8134623
the significance of recent highlights in heartwater research.	many of the objectives identified earlier, with regard to research on cowdriosis, have been achieved during the past decade. some contributions such as the development of cowdria specific dna probes and the attenuation of the organisms are still in the experimental stage but others, such as in vitro cultivation, are already well established practices in many laboratories. serological techniques are now more widely used since other methods and other sources of antigen became available. however, p ...	1993	8134619
host resistance to ticks (acari: ixodidae) in different breeds of cattle at bako, ethiopia.	european cattle breeds are being introduced into ethiopia in an effort to improve the productivity of indigenous breeds. the ethiopian cattle breeds horro and boran were compared for tick burdens with their crosses with friesian, jersey and simmental. horro animals had the lowest tick burdens and the horro x friesian the highest. adaptation to their environment and long-term natural selection for tick resistance in horro cattle is the most likely explanation. repeatability of tick burdens in all ...	1993	8109054
cross-reactivity between hard tick antigens.	1. the present study was carried out to determine the target cells and tissues for anti-tick immunoglobulins using an indirect immunohistochemical technique. 2. sections in triplicate prepared from unfed ticks rhipicephalus appendiculatus, r. evertsi and amblyomma variegatum were used to assess the cross-reactivity of serum from guinea pigs naturally infested with these tick species or immunized against them. 3. the sections showed slight (+) to strong ( +) labelling of several structures in the ...	1994	8081294
[ticks and hemoparasitoses in livestock in senegal. v. the northern guinea area].	the authors report the results of a study on ticks and hemoparasitoses among cattle, sheep and goats in the north-guinean zone. during a period of 15 months, ticks were systematically removed from 40 cattle, 40 sheep and 40 goats in order to assess the population dynamics and to determine more accurately the preferential sites of settlement of the following different species collected from these animals: amblyomma variegatum, boophilus geigyi, hyalomma truncatum, h. marginatum rufipes, rhipiceph ...	1993	8073170
genome size and organization in the ixodid tick amblyomma americanum (l.).	we used dna reassociation kinetics to determine genome size and organization in the ixodid tick amblyomma americanum. we calculated the genome size of a. americanum to be approximately 1.08 pg or 1.04 x 10(9) base pairs and to consist of 35.8% unique dna, 4.2% foldback sequences, 17.9% highly repetitive sequences, and 42.1% moderately repetitive sequences. comparison of the reassociation kinetics of long and short fragments revealed repetitive sequences to be distributed in a pattern of long per ...	1994	8069417
ticks (acarina: ixodidae) of reptiles from central, lusaka and southern provinces of zambia.	during the period 1988-1991, reptiles (23 snakes, 36 tortoises, 25 chameleons and 2 monitor lizards) from central, lusaka and southern provinces of zambia were caught and checked for ticks. only 2 snakes, respectively one python sebae (gmelin, 1789) and one bitis arietans (merrem, 1820), 8 tortoises, respectively seven geochelone pardalis (bell, 1828) and one kinixys belliana (gray, 1831) were found infested with a small number of ticks: nymphs and adults of aponomma latum (koch, 1844) and ambly ...	1993	8065818
ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from small and medium-sized kansas mammals.	seven species of hard-bodied ticks were collected from 20 species of small and medium-sized mammals in kansas; amblyomma americanum l., dermacentor variabilis (say), haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard), ixodes cookei packard, i. kingi bishopp, i. sculptus neumann, and i. texanus banks. dermacentor variabilis was found statewide, a. americanum only in the eastern one-third of the state, and the ixodes spp. and h. leporispalustris were widely scattered. the most common tick found was d. varia ...	1994	8057327
effect of acaricide treatment of cattle on amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae) infestation of mongooses (carnivora: viverridae: herpestes auropunctatus) in guadeloupe, french west indies.	the effect of acaricide treatment of cattle on the infestation of the small indian mongoose (herpestes auropunctatus hodgson) by amblyomma variegatum (f.) was determined during a field evaluation of selected acaricides in guadeloupe, french west indies. from april 1990 to april 1991, cattle at one site were treated every 14 d with pour-on formulations of deltamethrin, flumethrin, or permethrin; and cattle at a second site were treated as per a local standard treatment using a spray formulation o ...	1994	8057326
influence of environmental factors on oviposition and egg development in amblyomma limbatum and aponomma hydrosauri (acari: ixodidae).	this study examined the influence of temperature and light on the length of the pre-oviposition period of engorged females of two australian ixodid ticks, amblyomma limbatum and aponomma hydrosauri. the hatching success and development time of eggs of both species were also compared at different temperatures and relative humidities. darkness was found to have no effect on the duration of the pre-oviposition time or reproductive output of females of either species. in contrast, the preoviposition ...	1994	8021110
effect of acaricide control of amblyomma variegatum ticks on bovine dermatophilosis on nevis.	a sentinel group of 8 bos taurus cattle was compared with similar cattle in a herd of 90 of which 21 were pastured with the sentinels. the sentinel group was not treated with acaricide whilst the rest of the cattle were treated weekly with the organophosphate acaricide ethion. weekly counts of adult ticks and rankings of dermatophilosis were made on the sentinel herd. the remaining cattle were observed for the presence of ticks and dermatophilosis prior to the weekly treatment with acaricide. al ...	1994	8009647
control of tsetse flies in uganda by dipping cattle in deltamethrin.	the effect of treating cattle with deltamethrin to control tsetse flies and ticks was investigated on 2 ranches 8 km apart in central uganda where there is a high risk of trypanosomosis. this area had a moderate challenge of glossina pallidipes. the cattle had very low challenge of rhipicephalus appendiculatus, amblyomma variegatum, boophilus decolaratus and rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, due to regular treatment with dioxathion. on one ranch a dip was charged with deltamethrin to treat cattle r ...	1994	8009646
[crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in senegal. latest data on the ecology of the cchf virus].	the authors finalize the knowledge on the ecology of the cchf virus in senegal, west africa. they specify two new major data for the understanding of the viral ecology in west africa. the recognition of a bird species, common and widely distributed in senegal (tockus erythrorhynchus, coraciiformes, bucerotidae), that replicates the virus and infects the immature stages of its current parasite hyalomma marginatum rufipes in more than 90% of the cases, explains why the minimum infection rate of th ...	1994	8003897
[ticks and hemoparasitoses of livestock in senegal. vi. the soudano-sahelian zone].	the authors report the results of a study on ticks and hemoparasitoses among cattle, sheep and goats in the sudano-sahelian zone. during a period of 15 months, ticks were systematically removed from 40 cattle, 40 sheep and 40 goats in order to assess the population dynamics and determine more accurately the preferential sites of settlement of the different species. the following species were collected in ruminants: hyalomma truncatum, h. marginatum rufipes, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, rh. gui ...	1994	7991897
isolation and preliminary characterisation of a previously unidentified theileria parasite of cattle in kenya.	a theileria parasite was isolated from cattle on a ranch in kenya where it caused mild theileriosis in approximately one third of the cattle exposed to natural tick challenge. the parasite was isolated by inoculation of blood into two experimental cattle. blood from one of these cattle was used to infect two splenectomised cattle which developed high piroplasm parasitaemias and severe anaemia. a blood stabilate was prepared from one of the splenectomised cattle and produced high parasitaemias in ...	1994	7973080
parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xxxii. ixodid ticks on scrub hares in the transvaal.	a total of 264 scrub hares (lepus saxatilis) were examined for ixodid ticks at various localities in the kruger national park, eastern transvaal lowveld. thirteen tick species were recovered from these hares. the seasonal abundances of the immature stages of amblyomma hebraeum, amblyomma marmoreum, hyalomma truncatum, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, rhipicephalus simus and rhipicephalus zambeziensis and all stages of a rhipicephalus sp. (near r. pravus) were determin ...	1993	7970571
evidence supporting the presence of borrelia burgdorferi in missouri.	although lyme disease is commonly seen in the southcentral united states, the epidemiology of the disease is poorly defined there. the purpose of this study was to document the presence of borrelia burgdorferi in ticks collected in southeastern missouri and around the city of st. louis. spirochetes were detected and identified as b. burgdorferi by immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) tests using the monoclonal antibody h5332 in 1.9% of amblyomma americanum and 2.0% of dermacentor variabilis ticks co ...	1994	7943575
integrated management strategies for amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) on pastured beef cattle.	data on tick control and knowledge of the damage caused to beef cattle by tick feeding were incorporated into a computerized dynamic life table model (lstsim) for amblyomma americanum (l.). simulations were made to determine economically feasible, 5-yr integrated pest management (ipm) strategies for a. americanum in forage areas utilized by bos taurus, bos indicus, and crossbred cattle (b. taurus x b. indicus). the effects of host resistance, pasture rotation, habitat conversion, topical acarici ...	1994	7932604
cuticular hydrocarbon composition, phenotypic variability, and geographic relationships in allopatric populations of amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae) from africa and the caribbean.	gas chromatography of cuticular hydrocarbons is used to determine the degree of genetic similarity and heterozygosity among 20 populations of amblyomma variegatum (f.) collected from africa and the caribbean. twenty-one compounds were detected in at least 90% of the specimens studied; another 57 hydrocarbons were detected in a variable number of specimens, ranging from 50 to 90% of all ticks extracted. visual inspection of chromatograms revealed prominent differences in the relative abundance of ...	1994	7932599
isotopes as host blood markers to measure blood intake by feeding ticks (acari: ixodidae).	we have modified an experimental technique in which two different isotopes (cr51 and i125) were used simultaneously as blood markers for determining the amount of blood removed by feeding ticks. this method enables us to measure separately and directly the volumes of red blood cells and plasma in ticks and to calculate the ratio between the two parameters (concentrating ability). the concentration of red blood cells in nymphs of amblyomma hebraeum kock and rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann an ...	1994	7932595
a new pathogenic spotted fever group rickettsia from africa.	a spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia was isolated in zimbabwe from a patient with tick-bite, fever, headache and regional lymphadenopathy. a further six isolates were obtained from amblyomma hebraeum ticks collected in zimbabwe. these human and tick isolates were indistinguishable from each other, and from an ethiopian sfg rickettsia, by microimmunofluorescence (mif), sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), western blotting and polymerase chain reaction followed ...	1994	7911846
identification of rickettsiae from ticks collected in the central african republic using the polymerase chain reaction.	spotted fever rickettsiosis have been identified on the african continent since their historical description in 1909. however, only rickettsia conorii and r. africae have been described in africa, and the current techniques for the detection of rickettsiae in ticks are difficult to apply in large field studies. we report here a preliminary study using genomic amplification by the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis directly on 310 cr ...	1994	7908504
patterns of cuticular hydrocarbon variation and genetic similarity between natural populations of amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae).	gas chromatography has been used to analyze the variation in cuticular hydrocarbon patterns between several populations of amblyomma cajennense. 88 compounds were detected and these could be divided into 17 groups of hydrocarbons. heterozygosis in the populations ranges from 0% to 25.84%. isomers for pentacosane, heptacosane and nonatriacontane are the most variable, with 13, 10 and 11 variants, respectively. nei's genetic identity and genetic distance show that populations may be considered as ...	1993	7903139
helminth and arthropod parasites of indigenous goats in the northern transvaal.	helminth and arthropod parasites of 60 female indigenous goats of three age groups on a farm in the northern transvaal were collected, identified and counted. anoplocephalid tapeworms were present in the two younger groups of goats, while larvae of taenia hydatigena were recovered from all three groups. eight species and two genera of nematodes were found in the youngest goats, five species and three genera in the middle group and six species and two genera in the oldest goats. strongyloides pap ...	1994	7898893
lymphocyte proliferative responses and the occurrence of dermatophilosis in cattle naturally infested with amblyomma variegatum.	the proliferative response of lymphocytes from tick-infested zebu type, n'dama and friesian cattle and acaricide-treated zebu types and friesians in concanavalin a (con a) stimulated cultures was monitored regularly for periods ranging from 11 to 27 months. the numbers of ticks on the animals and the presence of dermatophilosis were also noted. the friesian cattle carried most and the n'dama fewest amblyomma variegatum ticks. the tick-infested friesians all developed severe clinical dermatophilo ...	1994	7879382
cytosystematics of five north american amblyomma (acarina: ixodidae) species.	the karyotypes of 5 species of amblyomma ticks found in north america were examined for the presence and location of constitutive heterochromatin (c-bands). all specimens examined had 20 autosomes and an xx:xo sex-determining system, with the x being the largest element in the karyotype. except as noted in text, the autosomes of all species were acrocentric and heterochromatin was restricted to the centromeric region. the third largest autosome in 4 of the 5 species displayed a consistent band o ...	1995	7876973
using cuticular hydrocarbon composition to elucidate phylogenies in tick populations (acari: ixodidae).	cuticular hydrocarbon composition is used to explain hypothetical phylogenies among sympatric and allopatric populations of amblyomma cajennense, a. variegatum and ixodes ricinus tick species. the method proposed here uses a parsimony analysis of endemicity by disjunct biochemical data (paedb) based in the pattern of cuticular hydrocarbons. the advantage of our approach is that information contained in fragments that are not conserved in all the individuals of a populations need not be discarded ...	1994	7863854
seasonal prevalence of ticks and their association with dermatophilosis in cattle on the accra plains of ghana.	the seasonal abundance of adult ticks on cattle and their association with dermatophilosis were investigated in five herds on the coastal plains of ghana over a 26-month period. four genera, amblyomma, boophilus, rhipicephalus and hyalomma were identified, a. variegatum being the predominant species occurring throughout the year with two peaks of infestation, one in april-may and the other in november. a significant positive correlation was revealed between a. variegatum and dermatophilosis in f ...	1994	7863064
ecdysteroid titre and metabolism and cuticle deposition during embryogenesis of the ixodid tick amblyomma hebraeum (koch).	three embryonic cuticles are formed before larval cuticle deposition during embryonic development of amblyomma hebraeum. the quantity of radioimmunoassay-positive material varied between 50 and 200 pg ecdysone equivalents per mg, but no significant peaks were detected. maternally incorporated [3h]-20-hydroxyecdysone and [3h]-ecdysone contained in freshly laid eggs appear to be conjugated to c-22 fatty acid esters and 3 alpha epimers of those esters, and, thus, appear doubly inactivated. in addit ...	1995	7858939
rearing amblyomma variegatum ticks in the laboratory: a simple technique to enhance attachment.		1994	7841497
seasonal variation of ticks (ixodidae) in bos taurus x bos indicus cattle under rotational grazing in forested and deforested habitats in northwestern argentina.	the seasonal occurrence of ticks infesting cattle was monitored in a bos taurus x bos indicus commercial herd fed on a combination of native grasses and annual pastures in northwestern argentina. the number of female ticks (boophilus and amblyomma) and the proportion of cattle infested with larvae and nymphs of amblyomma ticks were recorded from a sample of 15 cows in 24 visits at intervals of 21-50 days from 5 december 1986 to 24 november 1988. the cattle were maintained on native grasses in fo ...	1994	7839563
notes on the biology of amblyomma dissimile koch, 1844 (acari:ixodida) on bufo marinus (linnaeus, 1758) from brazil.	amblyomma dissimile is a common ectoparasite of cold blooded animals and is an accidental ectoparasite of some wild mammals. details of the biology of specimens from the state of amapá were studied in the laboratory in a humidity chamber at an average environmental temperature of 19.5 degrees c, using bufo marinus as host for the time in brazil. we also report the first record of this species in the state of minas gerais.	1994	7823816