Publications

ticks parasitizing dogs in northwestern georgia.	from january 1998 through september 1999, 324 dogs in three northwestern georgia counties were examined for ticks. six species of ticks were recovered. the three most commonly collected ticks were the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (say) (310 male male, 352 female female; prevalence, 97%; mean intensity 2.1); the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) (118 male male, 119 female female, 38 nymphs; prevalence, 22%; mean intensity, 3.8); and the lone star tick, amblyomma am ...	2002	11931241
amblyomma geochelone, a new species of tick (acari: ixodidae) from the madagascan ploughshare tortoise.	the male and female of amblyomma geochelone n. sp. are described and illustrated by both scanning electron micrographs and line drawings. specimens of this new tick species were recovered from the endangered ploughshare tortoise, geochelone yniphora (vaillant), in northwestern madagascar. this relatively large tick is morphologically most similar to amblyomma nuttalli dönitz, which occurs in mainland sub-saharan africa where it mainly parasitizes other species of tortoises. however, several char ...	2002	11931042
developmental profiles of ecdysteroids, ecdysteroid receptor mrnas and dna binding properties of ecdysteroid receptors in the ixodid tick amblyomma americanum (l.).	total body ecdysteroid titers were determined at specific stages during the larval and nymphal life of amblyomma americanum (l.). one ecdysteroid peak was observed following the completion of larval apolysis. however, two distinct ecdysteroid peaks occurred at a comparable stage in the nymphal molting cycle. the first occurred following apolysis and the second peak occurred at about the time of ecdysis. when whole body profiles of ecr and rxr mrnas were examined during the molting cycle using rt ...	2002	11886781
the sex ratio of amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae) with notes on the male feeding period in the laboratory.	to evaluate the sex ratio of field collected nymphal amblyomma cajennense ticks, we collected 5326 engorged nymphs from naturally infested horses in pirassununga county and allowed them to molt to adults in the laboratory. they yielded a sex ratio of 1:1.83 (m:f). three and two engorged females were collected from horses pastured at pirassununga county and from tapirs pastured in sorocaba county, respectively. these females were allowed to oviposit and their progeny were reared until the adult s ...	2002	11879968
seasonal dynamics of ticks (acari: ixodidae) on horses in the state of são paulo, brazil.	natural tick infestations were assessed every 14 days on horses over a 2-year period. amblyomma cajennense adult ticks were counted individually, without detachment from the horses. larvae and nymphs of a. cajennense were collected using a rubber scraper that scratched engorged immature ticks from the host. adult females of anocentor nitens larger than 4mm length were counted on the horses. blood samples were also obtained from the horses every 14 days and macroclimatic data were obtained for th ...	2002	11879967
heterogeneity in the effect of different ixodid tick species on human natural killer cell activity.	tick saliva plays a vital role in blood-feeding, including manipulation of the host response to tick infestation. furthermore, a diverse number of tick-borne pathogens are transmitted to vertebrate hosts via tick saliva, some of which exploit the immunomodulatory activities of their vector's saliva. we report that salivary gland extracts (sge) derived from dermacentor reticulatus adult ticks induce a decrease in the natural killer (nk) activity of effector cells obtained from healthy human blood ...	2002	11856443
seasonal epidemiology of ticks and aspects of cowdriosis in n'dama village cattle in the central guinea savannah of côte d'ivoire.	in the central guinea savannah of côte d'ivoire, cattle breeding started only approximately 30 years ago. the impact of parasitism on the overall health status and productivity of the trypanotolerant n'dama cattle in this area is unknown. in close collaboration with national veterinary institutions and local farmers, we studied spectrum, burden and seasonal dynamics of ticks (including aspects of cowdriosis) on n'dama village cattle. in a longitudinal study, three randomly selected cattle herds ...	2002	11821134
ultrastructure of developmental stages of hemolivia mariae (apicomplexa: haemogregarinidae), natural parasite of the australian sleepy lizard, in experimentally infected deviant hosts.	mabuya vitatta (olivier) (scincidae) and agama stellio (l.) (agamidae) were infected with hemolivia mariae smallridge et paperna, 1997 by ingestion of tick viscera from amblyomma limbatum neumann, fed as nymphs on naturally infected australian sleepy lizards, tiliqua rugosa gray. the unnatural infection apparently interfered with the developmental schedule of the parasites. transmission electron microscopic images of merogonic stages were obtained, as well as images of early developing gametocyt ...	2001	11817448
horse resistance to natural infestations of anocentor nitens and amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae).	the objective of this study was to investigate some aspects of horse resistance to natural infestations of anocentor nitens and amblyomma cajennense over a 2-year period. free-living stages of a. nitens were used to evaluate the influence of season of the year on horse resistance. every 2 weeks, 10 selected engorged females, weighing 150-329 mg, were removed from naturally infested horses and were individually placed into glass tubes closed with a cotton stopper, and maintained in an incubator. ...	2002	11812624
identity and synthesis of prostaglandins in the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.), as assessed by radio-immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.	high concentrations of pge(2) and pgf(2alpha) were identified by radio-immunoassay (ria) and/or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms) in the hemolymph, salivary glands and saliva of the lone star tick amblyomma americanum (l.). binding studies indicated that pge(2) was free and not bound to any proteins in the hemolymph. a small amount of 6-keto-pgf(1alpha) (breakdown product of pgi(2); prostacyclin) was also found in the salivary glands but not in the hemolymph or saliva. neither pgd(2) ...	2002	11804805
host associations of ticks parasitizing rodents at borrelia burgdorferi enzootic sites in south carolina.	a total of 237 rodents was collected in 4 regions of south carolina from july 1994 through december 1995. eight species were collected, including cotton mouse, hispid cotton rat, eastern woodrat, marsh rice rat, white-footed mouse, eastern harvest mouse, golden mouse, and black rat. of the 1,514 ticks recovered from these hosts, ixodes minor neumann, including larvae, nymphs, and adults, was the most abundant species, representing 54% of the total. only immature stages of other tick species were ...	2001	11780825
ticks from a morelet's crocodile in belize.	parasitism of crocodilians by ticks has rarely been reported, and to our knowledge only seven published accounts exist. on 3 july 1999, we collected four ticks from a subadult morelet's crocodile (crocodylus moreletii) captured in northern belize. these were identified as amblyomma dissimile (one female), and amblyomma sp. (two nymphs, one larva). the crocodile was captured on land approximately 100 m from water, and all four ticks were attached to loose skin on the lateral surface of the tail. ...	2001	11763751
larval gulf coast ticks (amblyomma maculatum) [acari: ixodidae] as host for hepatozoon americanum [apicomplexa: adeleorina].	laboratory-reared larval gulf coast ticks (gcts) (amblyomma maculatum) were exposed experimentally and found to acquire hepatozoon americanum infection while feeding on parasitemic dogs. these ticks supported gamogonic and sporogonic development of the apicomplexan, and oocysts from newly molted nymphs were infectious for a dog. other nymphs from this cohort that were allowed to feed on a blood-parasite naive sheep molted normally; the resulting adult ticks contained oocysts that were infectious ...	2002	11750999
detection and identification of spotted fever group rickettsiae and ehrlichiae in african ticks.	rickettsia africae, a recently identified pathogen, was detected for the first time in amblyomma ticks from niger, mali, burundi, and sudan, and "r. mongolotimonae" was identified for the first time in africa. rickettsiae of unknown pathogenicity and two new ehrlichiae of the ehrlichia canis group were identified in ticks from mali and niger.	2001	11747731
risk of lyme disease: perceptions of residents of a lone star tick-infested community.	lone star ticks (amblyomma americanum) have been suggested as a vector of the agent of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) in the usa, based on associations with an infection manifesting mainly as erythema migrans. in laboratory experiments, however, they failed to transmit b. burgdorferi sensu stricto.	2001	11693973
anti-interleukin-8 activity of tick salivary gland extracts.	interleukin-8 (il-8) is one of many mammalian chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) that direct mammalian inflammatory and immune cells to sites of injury and infection. chemokines are produced locally and act on leucocytes through selective receptors. the principal role of il-8 is to control the movement and activity of neutrophils. to date, several tick species have been shown to modulate the production or activity of certain cytokines but none of these are chemokines. using an il-8 specific elis ...	2001	11589777
parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xl. ticks on dogs belonging to people in rural communities and carnivore ticks on the vegetation.	ixodid ticks were collected at weekly intervals from february 1999 to april 2000 from domestic dogs belonging to people in rural communities in north-eastern kwazulu-natal. seven ticks were identified to species level and adult haemaphysalis leachi followed by immature amblyomma hebraeum and adult rhipicephalus simus were the most prevalent. infestation with adult h. leachi was most intense during february and march 1999 and from january to april 2000, and least intense during october 1999. infe ...	2001	11585091
ixodes rubicundus nymphs are short-day diapause-induced ticks with thermolabile sensitivity and desiccation resistance.	the karoo paralysis tick, ixodes rubicundus neumann (acari: ixodidae), is a semi-voltine ixodid that survives stressful environmental conditions using morphogenetic diapause (eggs and engorged nymphs) and desiccation resistance. both photoperiod and temperature influence diapause induction in the engorged nymph. ixodes rubicundus nymphs are typical long-day photoperiodic organisms. the critical photoperiod is approximately 13.5 h light, 10.5 h dark, and they display a thermolabile response. the ...	2001	11583453
new distribution records of amblyomma hebraeum in the sandveld region of botswana.		2001	11563715
transmission of cowdria ruminantium by amblyomma gemma from infected african buffalo (syncerus caffer) and eland (taurotragus oryx) to sheep.	two african buffalo (syncerus caffer), an eland (taurotragus oryx) and a waterbuck (kobus defassa) were intravenously inoculated with cowdria ruminantium (kiswani). amblyomma gemma nymphs were fed on the animals at 3 weekly intervals. jugular blood was also collected at 3 weekly intervals and inoculated into sheep. nymphal ticks that fed on one buffalo on days 16 and 37 and on the other buffalo on day 58 after infection transmitted the disease as adults to sheep. nymphs that were applied to the ...	2001	11556617
dermatophilus congolensis infection in goats in tanzania.	when goats in eastern tanzania were screened for skin diseases, dermatophilus congolensis was isolated from the skin lesions in 8 of 484 animals examined. in one severely affected case, the disease was also characterized by histological studies (gram stain, giemsa stain and routine he studies) and electron microscopy. the histological picture was characterized by hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, folliculitis and an inflammatory cellular reaction involving the epidermis. gram stain and ...	2001	11556616
evidence for the utility of the bm86 antigen from boophilus microplus in vaccination against other tick species.	the bm86 antigen, as originally identified in boophilus microplus, is the basis of commercial tick vaccines against this tick species. the potential for using this antigen or homologues of the antigen in vaccination against other tick species has been assessed. we have conducted vaccine trials in cattle using the b. microplus-derived recombinant bm86 vaccine (tickgard) using pairs of vaccinated calves and control calves. these were infested with b. microplus and boophilus decoloratus larvae simu ...	2001	11523920
identification and characterization of a homologue of the pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the tick, amblyomma americanum.	studying tick feeding and digestion, we discovered in a cdna library from partially fed amblyomma americanum ticks the first known arthropod homologue of a human cytokine, the pro-inflammatory macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif). the tick origin of the mif cdna clone was confirmed by sequencing a genomic fragment that contained the full-length tick mif gene with two introns. antiserum to a tick mif-specific peptide as well as antiserum to complete tick mif revealed the expression of tic ...	2001	11520355
ultrastructure of developmental stages of hemolivia stellata (apicomplexa: haemogregarinidae) in the cane toad bufo marinus and in its vector tick amblyomma rotondatum.	the fine structure of the hemogregarine hemolivia stellata petit, landau, baccam and lainson, 1990 developmental stages in the cane toad bufo marinus l. and the vector tick amblyomma rotondatum koch, 1844 are described. in the liver of the toad, merozoites bound by a pellicle were located free and in the cytoplasm, and young and encased mature polynucleated meronts were located in a parasitophorous vacuole (pv). premature gametocytes in the erythrocytes were bound by a bilayered membranous wall ...	2001	11510993
investigation of blood parasites in livestock infested with argasid and ixodid ticks in egypt.	nineteen species and subspecies of ixodid and argasid ticks, hyalomma dromedarii, h. impeltatum, h. anatolicum excavatum, h. a. anatolicum, h. truncatum, h. m. marginatum, h. m. rufipes, h. m. turanicum, boophilus annulatus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, r. turanicus, r. guilhoni, r. camicasi, amblyomma lipidum, a. marmoreum, a. vareigatum, argas persicus, a. hermanii and a. arboreus were collected from different localities in five governorates, giza, sharkia, ismailia, el beheira and sinai. hyalomm ...	2001	11478436
effects of habitat structure on the retention of ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) adults during drag sampling surveys.	the ability of ixodes scapularis say and amblyomma americanum (l.) to remain on drags, once acquired, was tested in sparse and dense shrub layer vegetation. when placed on bottoms of drags, adults of both species remained attached for distances three to four times greater in sparse vegetation compared with dense vegetation. when attached to the tops of drags, the differences in retention of ticks on drags between vegetation densities were significant only for a. americanum. in dense vegetation, ...	2001	11476345
different activities and footwear influence exposure to host-seeking nymphs of ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae).	the relative potential for a person accidentally acquiring host-seeking nymphs of the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say, and lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.), while wearing either of two types of footwear, walking, crawling on hands and knees, and sitting on large fallen logs in deciduous woods, was evaluated. although flag samples indicated substantial populations of i. scapularis nymphs and low to moderate numbers of a. americanum at the study sites, relatively few i. scapularis ...	2001	11476342
birds disperse ixodid (acari: ixodidae) and borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks in canada.	a total of 152 ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) consisting of nine species was collected from 82 passerine birds (33 species) in 14 locations in canada from 1996 to 2000. the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmidt, hyde, steigerwaldt & brenner was cultured from the nymph of a blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say, that had been removed from a common yellowthroat, geothlypis trichas l., from bon portage island, nova scotia. as a result of bird movement, a nymphal i. scapula ...	2001	11476328
ixodid ticks on white-tailed deer and feral swine in florida.	a state-wide survey was conducted in florida during the 1997-99 hunting seasons to examine white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and feral swine (sus scrofa) for potential indigenous vectors of the rickettsial agent of heartwater, cowdria ruminantium. a total of 504 white-tailed deer and 166 feral swine was examined from 30 wildlife management areas across the state. amblyomma maculatum, an experimental vector of c. ruminantium, was common on both deer and feral swine throughout the state. ...	2001	11469190
1-octen-3-ol isolated from bont ticks attracts amblyomma variegatum.	volatiles from various life-stages of the bont ticks amblyomma variegatum and a. hebraeum were collected by using solid-phase microfibers and charcoal traps. an octenol isomer was found to be a major constituent of most of the tick material sampled and was identified as 1-octen-3-ol by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and by using antenna of the tsetse fly glossina brevipalpis in gas chromatography-linked antennogram detection. release of this compound increased during molt to adulthood and ...	2001	11441439
resistance of leopard tortoises and helmeted guineafowl to cowdria ruminantium infection (heartwater).	experimental infection trials were conducted to investigate susceptibility of leopard tortoises (geochelone pardalis) and helmeted guineafowl (numida meleagris) to infection with cowdria ruminantium, the causative agent of heartwater, a tickborne disease of domestic and wild ruminants. ten guineafowl were inoculated intravenously with a virulent dose of c. ruminantium derived from bovine endothelial cell cultures, and four leopard tortoises were exposed to c. ruminantium infection by the feeding ...	2001	11423187
tick infestation of borana cattle in the borana province of ethiopia.	a study was conducted to identify and determine burdens of ticks infesting borana cattle in the borana province of ethiopia. rhipicephalus pulchellus, rhipicephalus pravus, rhipicephalus muhsamae, rhipicephalus praetextatus, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, amblyomma gemma, amblyomma variegatum, amblyomma cohaerens, amblyomma lepidum, hyalomma truncatum, hyalomma marginatum rufipes and boophilus decoloratus were identified on the cattle. their burdens ranged from 658-1,554 with a mean of 1,205 tic ...	2001	11403429
reduction in mortality from heartwater in cattle, sheep and goats exposed to field challenge using an inactivated vaccine.	inactivated vaccines for heartwater prepared with the commercially acceptable montanide isa 50 (isa 50) adjuvant were field tested in boer goats in botswana, angora goats in south africa, and merino sheep in zambia and zimbabwe. two vaccines, one made using the zimbabwean mbizi isolate and the other using the respective local field isolate (sunnyside in botswana; bathurst in south africa; lutale in zambia), were tested at each site, except in zimbabwe where only the mbizi vaccine was tested. com ...	2001	11390083
borrelia lonestari dna in adult amblyomma americanum ticks, alabama.	polymerase chain reaction analysis of 204 amblyomma americanum and 28 a. maculatum ticks collected in august 1999 near the homes of patients with southern tick-associated rash illness and in control areas in choctaw county, alabama, showed borrelia lonestari flagellin gene sequence from two adult a. americanum. the presence of b. lonestari in a. americanum ticks from alabama suggests that this suspected pathogen may be widespread in the southeastern united states.	2001	11384533
[search for the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by polymerase chain reaction in wild chilean ticks].	lyme disease is a tick-borne human disease caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. main vectors of lyme disease are ticks of the ixodes and amblyomma genera. cases with clinical manifestations of lyme disease and favorable responses to antimicrobial agents have been reported in chile, some of them with erythema migrans, the hallmark of b burgdorferi infection.	2001	11372294
borrelia lonestari infection after a bite by an amblyomma americanum tick.	erythematous rashes that are suggestive of early lyme disease have been associated with the bite of amblyomma americanum ticks, particularly in the southern united states. however, borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, has not been cultured from skin biopsy specimens from these patients, and diagnostic serum antibodies usually have not been found. borrelia lonestari sp nov, an uncultured spirochete, has been detected in a. americanum ticks by dna amplification techniques, bu ...	2001	11372036
ticks (acari: ixodidae) spread by the international trade in reptiles and their potential roles in dissemination of diseases.	the international trade in live reptiles has grown dramatically in the last decade. since many of these reptiles are infested with ticks, the number of ticks introduced to new exotic locations has also increased. this is causing concern in importing countries such as the united states because some of the reptilian ticks are known to be vectors of diseases of veterinary and economic importance, such as heartwater. rational measures to control these tick species and to eradicate new introductions ...	2001	11354992
amblyomma tigrinum (acari: ixodidae) in relation to phytogeography of central-northern argentina with notes on hosts and seasonal distribution.	the findings of amblyomma tigrinum in continental argentina north of 40 degrees s are presented according to phytogeographic domains (andean-patagonic, amazonian and chaco) and the seasonal distribution is depicted on a monthly basis. a total of 718 adult ticks and four nymphs were found. a. tigrinum ticks were present in all domains. adult ticks were found all year round but they were more abundant during the summer. most ticks were found on domestic dogs but the survey has a bias to domestic h ...	2000	11354625
collection of free-living nymphs and adults of amblyomma hebraeum (acari: ixodidae) with pheromone/carbon dioxide traps at 5 different ecological sites in heartwater endemic regions of south africa.	the capture of free-living adults and nymphs of amblyomma hebraeum, the main vector of heartwater in domestic and wild ruminants in south africa, by means of attraction-aggregation-attachment-pheromone/carbon dioxide traps at five endemic localities in south africa is described. although the traps were used successfully at each of the localities, no determination of their efficiency in relation to the actual abundance of ticks at a particular site was made. this study confirmed that the traps co ...	2000	11354624
cowdria ruminantium antibodies in acaricide-treated and untreated cattle exposed to amblyomma variegatum ticks in the gambia.	an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), based on the major antigenic protein i fragment b (mapi-b) of cowdria ruminantium, was used to assess seroprevalence in cattle in the gambia. two groups of 20 n'dama and 20 gobra zebu cattle were monitored for 12 months with flumethrin treatment and for another 10 months without acaricidal treatment. two groups of 20 n'dama and 20 gobra cattle served as untreated controls. during the period of acaricidal treatment, the cumulative proportions ...	2000	11354623
entomogenous fungi as promising biopesticides for tick control.	when ticks were sealed in nylon tetrapacks and infected with the entomogenous fungi, beauveria bassiana and metarizium anisopliae and maintained in potted grass in the field, the fungal oil formulations (10(9) conidia per ml) induced 100% mortality in larvae of rhipicephalus appendiculatus and amblyomma variegatum, whereas mortalities in nymphs varied between 80-100% and in adults 80-90%. the aqueous formulations (10(9) conidia per ml) induced mortalities of 40-50% and reductions in egg hatchabi ...	2000	11354619
risk factors to tick infestations and their occurrence on horses in the state of são paulo, brazil.	from december 1998 to march 1999, 40 stud farms were studied in the state of são paulo, brazil. during visits to farms, horses reared under grazing conditions were examined for the presence of ticks. on each farm visit, horse pastures were closely inspected and a questionnaire was given to the farm supervisor with the purpose of gaining information about ecological and management variables (independent variables) that could be associated with the presence and infestation levels of ticks on the f ...	2001	11337122
temporal and spatial dynamics of a parapatric boundary between two australian reptile ticks.	two tick species aponomma hydrosauri and amblyomma limbatum that infest large reptiles have an abrupt parapatric boundary near mt mary in south australia. a previous model has suggested that the boundary is maintained at population density troughs resulting from habitat heterogeneity along a gradual environmental gradient. this paper describes the dynamics of the boundary on three transects over 17 years, 1982-98. over the last seven years of that period there has been a significant increase in ...	2001	11298975
efficacy of granular deltamethrin against ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidade) nymphs.	a single barrier application of granular deltamethrin to the woodland edges of a forested residential community in late spring significantly reduced the abundance of ixodes scapularis say nymphs. the application also suppressed the population of amblyomma americanum (l.) nymphs, which recently became established in the study area. the efficacy of deltamethrin is compared with other commonly used acaricides.	2001	11296847
effects of selected meterological factors on diurnal questing of ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidade).	the diurnal questing behavior of adult ixodes scapularis say and amblyomma americanum (l.) were monitored in the field to determine whether ticks would be collected with greater frequency during certain times of the day and under certain ambient meteorological conditions. temperature and relative humidity explained a significant amount of the total variation in tick collections. although both species were collected during every period, i. scapularis adults tended to quest earlier and later in th ...	2001	11296842
ticks (acari: ixodidae) and spirochetes (spirochaetaceae: spirochaetales) recovered from birds on a georgia barrier island.	from september 1997 through july 1999, 300 individuals and 46 species of birds were mist-netted and screened for ticks and spirochetes on st. catherine's island, liberty county, ga. seventy-six (25%) of the birds were parasitized by a meal intensity of 4.6 ticks. seasonally, more birds were infested with ticks during the summer (50% in 1998, 34% in 1999) than in spring (15% in 1998, 11% in 1999) or fall (21% in 1997, 20% in 1998), mainly because of severe infestations on some birds by immature s ...	2001	11296828
first records of tick-borne pathogens, borrelia, and spotted fever group rickettsiae in okinawajima island, japan.	in early april 2000, tick-borne pathogens were surveyed in the northern area of okinawajima island, okinawa prefecture, which is the southernmost area of japan. borrelia valaisiana, a lyme disease spirochete, was isolated from a field mouse mus calori, and unidentified rickettsiae of the spotted fever group were isolated from all stages of amblyomma testudinarium. these are the first reports of these pathogens on okinawajima island.	2001	11293483
prevalence of infection in ticks submitted to the human tick test kit program of the u.s. army center for health promotion and preventive medicine.	in 1997, ticks removed from humans and received alive by the tick-borne disease laboratory of the u.s. army center for health promotion and preventive medicine (usachppm) were tested for pathogens by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). thirty-three of 222 (15%) amblyomma americanum (l.) dnas produced amplicons of the expected size of ehrlichia chaffeensis anderson, dawson & wilson and 26/222 (12%) produced amplicons indicating borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigalt & brenner. five (2% ...	2001	11268694
preliminary survey of ticks (acari: ixodidae) parasitizing wild turkeys (aves: phasianidae) in eastern kansas.	during the spring and fall turkey hunting seasons of 1999, hunters and kansas department of wildlife and parks field personnel examined wild turkeys, meleagris gallopavo l., for ticks and submitted them to us for identification. from springtime hunting, we received 113 ticks from 12 turkeys killed in nine counties, all in the eastern one-third of kansas. collectors reported examining three additional wild turkeys on which no ticks were found. all ticks were nymphal lone star ticks, amblyomma ame ...	2001	11268682
interdigital gland substances of white-tailed deer and the response of host-seeking ticks (acari: ixodidae).	host-seeking male and female blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis say, exhibited an arrestant response when contacting substances from front and rear interdigital glands of male and female white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmermann). female i. scapularis responded positively to substances from interdigital glands on the fore legs and hind legs of female deer, whereas male i. scapularis responded only to samples from the fore legs of does. these results showed that previously reported ...	2001	11268681
antibody responses to map 1b and other cowdria ruminantium antigens are down regulated in cattle challenged with tick-transmitted heartwater.	serological diagnosis of heartwater or cowdria ruminantium infection has been hampered by severe cross-reactions with antibody responses to related ehrlichial agents. a map 1b indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that has an improved specificity and sensitivity for detection of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies has been developed to overcome this constraint (a. h. m. van vliet, b. a. m. van der zeijst, e. camus, s. m. mahan, d. martinez, and f. jongejan, j. clin. microbiol. 33:2405-2410, 1 ...	2001	11238227
amblyomma testudinarium tick bite: one case of engorged adult and a case of extraordinary number of larval tick infestation.	this paper reports two recent cases of tick bite due to amblyomma testudinarium. the first case was an 86-year-old farmer infested with a fully engorged adult tick attached on his inguinal region. the second case was a 57-year-old male infested with an extraordinarily large number of larval ticks (> 100 larvae). the ticks were identified as a. testudinarium based on morphological characteristics. to our knowledge, the latter case is the eleventh case of larval tick bites among all tick species a ...	2000	11211793
prevalence of infection by the protozoan hemolivia mariae in ticks.	this paper considers the prevalence of natural infections of the protozoan hemolivia mariae, in its hosts the australian sleepy lizard, tiliqua rugosa, and the ixodid tick species, amblyomma limbatum. we investigate whether the protozoan may be influencing the tick population in the field, by comparing the observed prevalence of infection in ticks with the prevalence expected from known transmission dynamics. the prevalence of infection in nymphs was similar to the expected prevalence, but the o ...	2001	11206116
ectoparasites of dogs belonging to people in resource-poor communities in north west province, south africa.	a total of 344 dogs belonging to people in resource-poor communities in north west province, south africa, was examined for ectoparasites, and all visible arthropods were collected from the left side of each dog. by doubling these numbers it was estimated that the dogs harboured 14,724 ixodid ticks, belonging to 6 species, 1,028 fleas, belonging to 2 species, and 26 lice. haemaphysalis leachi accounted for 420 and rhipicephalus sanguineus for 14,226 of the ticks. pure infestations of h. leachi w ...	2000	11205167
the effect of male ticks on the feeding performance of immature stages of rhipicephalus sanguineus and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae).	a unique group of immunoglobulin-binding proteins (igbps), produced by ixodid male ticks during the latter half of their prolonged feeding period, improves the feeding performance of co-feeding females. as a follow-up to this observation, we investigated whether male tick feeding also affects the feeding of other developmental stages. immature stages of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreeille) and amblyomma americanum (l.) were fed on rabbits in the presence or absence of conspecific males. the mea ...	2000	11201360
american canine hepatozoonosis. an emerging disease in the new world.	hepatozoon canis was first described from dogs in 1905 in india and rhipicephalus sanguineus was identified as the vector. dogs on the texas gulf coast were recognized in 1978 to have hepatozoonosis, and it was thought that h. canis had entered the new world. later, it was realized that american canine hepatozoonosis (ach) is more debilitating than its old world counterpart, often resulting in death. when the malady and parasite were characterized, a new species, h. americanum, was described, in ...	2000	11193705
laboratory and field evaluation of entomogenous fungi for tick control.	aqueous and oil-based formulations of two entomogenous fungi, beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae were tested for their efficacy against the three major species of african ticks; namely, amblyomma variegatum, rhipicephalus apendiculatus, and boophilus decoloratus. both fungal species and formulations were observed to induce high mortalities, especially in the larvae. the oil-based formulation was found to be more effective than the aqueous formulation. monthly application of aqueous fo ...	2000	11193673
tropical bont tick (amblyomma variegatum) eradication in the caribbean. the st. kitts experience.	the tropical bont tick (tbt) was first identified in st. kitts in 1978. initially, infestation was observed on cattle that developed a severe dermatitis. over a period of seven years, the tbt spread to most areas of the island, affecting cattle, sheep, and goats. the ruminant livestock population declined from, 6,000, 9,000, and 7,000 cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively, in 1984 to an estimated 400, 800, and 1,000, cattle, sheep, and goats in 1990. a project to control the tropical bont tick ...	2000	11193641
laboratory evaluation of pathogenicity of entomogenous nematodes to african tick species.	five strains of entomogenous nematodes, steinernema carpocapsae strains dd, mexican, sr, and heterorhabditis bacteriophora strains 1s5 and hp88, were tested for their pathogenicity to various developmental stages of five african tick species namely; rhipicephalus appendiculatus, r. evertsi, amblyomma variegatum, a. gemma, and boophilus decoloratus. in engorged female r. appendiculatus, all nematodes at a concentration of 1,000 infective juveniles (ij)/dish, except s. carpocapsae mexican strain, ...	2000	11193637
ticks associated with wild animals in the nhecolândia pantanal, brazil.	a study of ticks associated with wild animals was carried out from september 1996 to april 1998 at the fazenda alegria (21,000 ha), in the nhecolândia pantanal, state of mato grosso do sul, brazil, a sunken plain bordering the upper paraguay river, located 19 x 08's; 56 x 46'w. a total of 81 wild animals (13 species, 6 orders) were captured with the aid of nets, and ticks were found on 63 (78%). tick species identified included boophilus microplus (canestrini), amblyomma cajennense (f.), a. parv ...	2000	11193635
eradication and surveillance of the tropical bont tick in the caribbean. an international approach.	the caribbean amblyomma program (cap) is a multidonor funded effort involving several technical organizations and national governments in the eradication of the tropical bont tick. the food and agriculture organization (fao) is the lead technical agency, providing both technical and administrative support to the cap regional coordination unit (rcu) based in barbados. all collaborating agencies, donors, and national representatives are members of the amblyomma program council (apc), the overall g ...	2000	11193618
parasitism by ixodes didelphidis and i. loricatus (acari: ixodidae) on small wild mammals from an atlatic forest in the state of sao paulo, brazil.	from january 1995 to june 1996, ticks were studied in a fragment of atlantic forest in a residential area in the city of itapevi, state of sao paulo, brazil. cases of human lyme disease-like illness were registered in this area during the spring of 1992. the monthly relative density of ticks was determined and the influence of seasonal climatic conditions was evaluated as well as the relationship between ticks and hosts. ticks (n = 88) were collected from small mammals captured (n = 134) in mont ...	2000	11185614
[partly automated in vitro feeding of adult amblyomma hebraeum]	a reduction in the use of laboratory animals, such as rabbits and bovines, in the pharmaceutical industry and other institutions for breeding medically and economically important species of obligatory bloodsucking hard ticks (acari: ixodidae) is highly desirable. we report the successful feeding of males and females of the tropical tick amblyomma hebraeum in a partly automated, thus essentially maintenance-free in vitro system. the feeding data (body mass 1.85 degrees; egg conversion factor 0.37 ...	1998	11178507
feeding of hard ticks in vitro: new perspectives for rearing and for the identification of systemic acaricides.	experiments on in vitro feeding of the hard ticks ixodes ricinus, boophilus microplus, amblyomma variegatum and amblyomma hebraeum are described. an in vitro test for systemic acaricides is presented. work started with a feeding chamber continuously supplied with new blood. it proved too susceptible to fungal contamination and not efficient enough. simple feeding units made of honey jars with an inner glass tube were far more practical. reinforced silicone membrances or baudruche membrances impr ...	1996	11178446
amblyomma americanum: specific uptake of immunoglobulins into tick hemolymph during feeding.	the passage of immunoglobulins in the blood meal into hemolymph prompts development of vaccines against internal antigens of ticks, but little is known about kinetics and specificity of the immunoglobulin uptake. we used capillary feeding of adult amblyomma americanum hard ticks to introduce compounds into the midgut and then examined the hemolymph after various times for their presence and concentration. immunoglobulins of different sources, albumin, choramphenicol acetyltransferase, inulin, an ...	2000	11162374
lone star tick-infecting borreliae are most closely related to the agent of bovine borreliosis.	although borrelia theileri, the agent of bovine borreliosis, was described at the turn of the century (in 1903), its relationship with borreliae causing lyme disease or relapsing fever remains undescribed. we tested the previously published hypothesis that spirochetes infecting lone star ticks (amblyomma americanum) may comprise b. theileri by analyzing the 16s ribosomal dnas (rdnas) and flagellin genes of these spirochetes. b. theileri, the amblyomma agent, and b. miyamotoi formed a natural gro ...	2001	11158095
sensitive detection of ehrlichia chaffeensis in cell culture, blood, and tick specimens by reverse transcription-pcr.	ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligatory intracellular bacterium of monocytes and macrophages and the etiologic agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, an emerging zoonosis. the lone star tick (amblyomma americanum) has been implicated as the primary vector of e. chaffeensis. the present study examined the sensitivity of the nested reverse transcription (rt)-pcr based on the 16s rrna gene relative to that of the nested pcr for detection of e. chaffeensis in infected dh82 cells, experimentally infec ...	2001	11158090
invasion of west african cattle by the tick amblyomma variegatum.	studies in cameroon and burkina faso examined the invasion process of cattle by adult amblyomma variegatum fabricius (acari: ixodidae) ticks. nearly all the ticks picked up in the pasture during grazing were found on the limb ends, near the hooves, where they temporarily attached. then when the cattle lay down, the ticks moved from the feet towards the predilection sites, where they attached definitively. many ticks disappeared during this displacement. all the female ticks and approximately 70% ...	2000	11129703
host association and seasonal activity of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in missouri.	from june 1993 through june 1996, 2,260 adult, 4,426 nymphal, and 2,178 larval lone star ticks amblyomma americanum (l.) were collected in missouri from vertebrate hosts and by dragging a cloth over vegetation. prevalence, mean intensity, and relative abundance of each stage varied among hosts. the relative abundance of adult lone star ticks was highest on white-tailed deer, but this stage was also collected from raccoons, opossum, red fox, coyotes, and wild turkey. nymphs were collected from gr ...	2000	11128501
evidence of cowdria ruminantium infection (heartwater) in amblyomma sparsum ticks found on tortoises imported into florida.	amblyomma marmoreum and a. sparsum ticks were collected from tortoises imported into florida from africa and were tested for cowdria ruminantium infection using a c. ruminantium-specific pcs20 polymerase chain reaction assay. in i shipment imported from zambia, 15 of the 38 a. sparsum male ticks collected from the leopard tortoises (geochelone pardalis) were found to be positive for infection with c. ruminantium. in contrast, all 148 a. marmoreum tested were negative for c. ruminantium infection ...	2000	11128494
ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helminths of southern flying squirrels in southeast georgia.	southern flying squirrels (glaucomys volans) from southeastern georgia were examined for ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helminths. ten species of ectoparasites were recovered, including 3 species of sucking lice (hoplopleura trispinosa, microphthirus uncinatus, and neohaematopinus sciuropteri), 1 species of flea (orchopeas howardi), 2 species of ticks (amblyomma maculatum and ixodes scapularis), 3 species of mesostigmatid mites (androlaelaps casalis, a. fahrenholzi, and haemogamasus ambulans ...	2000	11128479
ticks (acari: ixodidae) associated with wild animals in the pantanal region of brazil.	this paper describes the identification of ticks from wild animals of the pantanal region in brazil as part of a comprehensive study about established and emerging tick-host relationships and related pathological aspects. eighty-one animals were captured (representing 13 species, six orders), and ticks were found on 63 (78%). tick species identified included boophilus microplus (canestrini), amblyomma cajennense (f.), amblyomma parvum aragão, amblyomma pseudoconcolor aragão, amblyomma scalpturat ...	2000	11126563
first record of amblyomma auricularium (acari: ixodidae) in the united states.	amblyomma auricularium (conil) was collected from an armadillo in glades county, fl. two females and 11 males were collected. this is the first record of this species in the united states.	2000	11126562
new and earlier records of ticks (acari: ixodidae, argasidae) from guinea-bissau.	ticks were collected from pastures and domestic and wild vertebrates during the rainy seasons of 1994 and 1996 in guinea-bissau. we collected the following species: from pastures rhipicephalus lunulatus neumann, r. muhsamae morel & vassiliades, r. senegalensis koch, and r. sulcatus neumann; from reptiles amblyomma nuttalli dönitz and aponomma flavomaculatum (lucas); and from mammals amblyomma paulopunctatum neumann, amblyomma splendidum giebel, amblyomma variegatum (f.), hyalomma truncatum koch, ...	2000	11126561
hepatozoon canis infection associated with dog ticks of rural areas of rio de janeiro state, brazil.	hepatozoon canis is a tick-borne protozoan that infects dogs and has been reported throughout the world. manifestation of h. canis infection varies from being sub-clinical in apparently healthy dogs to severe illness. the main vector of the infection is the dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus although other species may also transmit this agent. h. canis has been reported previously in brazil, but mostly as an occasional finding during laboratory exams and always associated with other diseases. th ...	2001	11113545
mating strategies and spermiogenesis in ixodid ticks.	mate-seeking and sperm-transfer in the ixodid hard ticks, which include important vectors of zoonotic pathogens, generally reflect their peculiarly prolonged pattern of feeding. the metastriate ticks, including dermacentor, amblyomma, and rhipicephalus, invariably attain sexual maturity and mate solely on their hosts. the more primitive prostriate ixodes ticks, however, may copulate both in the absence of hosts and while the female engorges. these expanded opportunities for insemination complica ...	2001	11112167
does geographic range affect the attractant-aggregation-attachment pheromone of the tropical bont tick, amblyomma variegatum?	the tropical bont tick, amblyomma variegatum, transmits heartwater in sub-saharan africa and in the caribbean. this species has a broad geographic distribution, ranging from madagascar and other islands in the indian ocean through most of sub-saharan africa, to several islands in the eastern caribbean sea. blood fed male a. variegatum secrete an attraction-aggregation-attachment (aaa) pheromone which, combined with co2, excites host finding and formation of feeding clusters of these ticks. howev ...	2000	11110239
what's eating you? amblyomma ticks (amblyomma americanum).		2000	11109142
chemical composition of lipophylic compounds from the body surface of unfed adult ixodes persulcatus ticks (acari: ixodidae).	chemical compositions of ethereal extracts of the body surface of unfed male and female ixodes persulcatus ticks (acari: ixodidae) were studied by gas chromatography using mass-spectrometric detection. more than 100 different organic compounds were detected. the predominant components were saturated fatty hydrocarbons, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, aldehydes, squalene, cholesterol and cholesterol derivatives. a number of compounds found in i. persulcatus are known as components of phero ...	2000	11108395
detection of ehrlichia chaffeensis dna in amblyomma americanum ticks in connecticut and rhode island.	ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, is transmitted by amblyomma americanum ticks, which are most abundant in the southern united states. because serologic evidence suggests that residents of connecticut are exposed to e. chaffeensis, a. americanum ticks were collected in connecticut and rhode island for pcr analysis to detect e. chaffeensis dna. eight of 106 (7.6%) a. americanum ticks from connecticut and 6 of 52 (11.5%) from rhode island contained e. chaf ...	2000	11101616
analysis of the expressed genome of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) using an expressed sequence tag approach.	an expressed sequence tag (est) approach was used to study the genome of two developmental stages of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum. cdna libraries were constructed from the larval and adult stages of a. americanum. in total, 1942 ests were sequenced (1462 adult ests and 480 larval ests) and analyzed using bioinformatic programs. contig assembly using the capii program revealed 11% and 15% redundancy of sequences in the larval and adult ests, respectively. of the 1942 ests, 1738 sequen ...	2000	11087176
diversity of ectoparasites in sheep flocks in são paulo, brazil.	the occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of são paulo (brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. the present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the 'associação paulista de criadores de ovinos' (aspaco; ...	2000	11020945
a case of gynandromorphism in amblyomma oblongoguttatum (acari: ixodidae).	during a survey conducted from august to november 1998 to ticks associated with dogs in the rural area of uruará, in the state of para, eastern amazon region of brazil, we collected one gynandromorph specimen out of 18 amblyomma oblongoguttatum koch specimens collected from dogs. it is a perfect bipartite gynandromorph, reported in this species for the first time.	2000	11004795
ticks (acari: ixodidae) associated with rural dogs in uruará, eastern amazon, brazil.	a survey of 124 dogs for ticks was conducted from august to november 1998 in 68 small farms of uruará municipality in eastern amazon-brazil. we collected 55 ticks from 18 dogs (14.5%). amblyomma oblongoguttatum koch, amblyomma ovale koch, and amblyomma cajennense (f.) were found on nine, six, and one dog, respectively. fourteen small farms (20.5%) had at least one dog with ticks.	2000	11004794
production of pheromones by artificially fed males of the tick amblyomma maculatum (acari: ixodidae).	aggregation-attachment pheromones are produced only by male ticks of the genus amblyomma that have imbibed blood for at least 8 d from their mammalian hosts. this report demonstrates that production and release of aggregation-attachment pheromones by amblyomma maculatum (koch) males can be induced in vitro by using nonblood media, artificially introduced through capillary tubes, into the male ticks. the presence of these pheromones is demonstrated by using both biological observations on bovine ...	2000	11004791
feasibility of controlling ixodes scapularis ticks (acari: ixodidae), the vector of lyme disease, by parasitoid augmentation.	a theoretical analysis of the feasibility of controlling tick populations (ixodidae) by the release of reared ixodiphagus parasitoids in tick ecosystems yielded promising results. the analysis suggested that if reasonable progress could be made in mass-rearing the parasitoids, it would be possible to control the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis (say), the vector of lyme disease, by this biological control procedure. lyme disease has become the most important vector-borne disease in the united ...	2000	11004774
ticks and tick-borne disease systems in space and from space.	analyses within geographical information systems (giss) indicate that small- and large-scale ranges of hard tick species (ixodidae) are determined more by climate and vegetation than by host-related factors. spatial distributions of ticks may therefore be analysed by statistical methods that seek correlations between known tick presence/absence and ground- or remotely-sensed (rs) environmental factors. in this way, local habitats of amblyomma variegatum in the caribbean and ixodes ricinus in eur ...	2000	10997208
population dynamics of the free-living stages of amblyomma cajennense (fabricius, 1787) (acari: ixodidae) on pastures of pedro leopoldo, minas gerais state, brazil.	a study on the population behavior of amblyomma cajennense larvae, nymphs and adult free-living stages was carried out in pedro leopoldo county, minas gerais state, brazil, from july 1995 to july 1997. larvae were collected from pasture from april to october using the technique of drag sampling with flannelette. the maximal larval population was observed during autumn (may) representing, respectively, 48 and 82% of the total numbers recovered during the first and the second years of the experime ...	2000	10996741
prostaglandin e(2)-stimulated secretion of protein in the salivary glands of the lone star tick via a phosphoinositide signaling pathway.	previous studies identified a prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)) receptor in the salivary glands of partially fed female lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l.). in the present studies, protein secretion from dispersed salivary gland acini was shown to be specific for pge(2), as compared with pgf(2alpha) or the thromboxane analog u-46619, in accordance with their respective binding affinities for the pge(2) receptor. furthermore, the selective pge(2) ep1 receptor agonist, 17-phenyl trinor pge(2), wa ...	2000	10989297
influence of temperature and relative humidity on the moulting success of amblyomma limbatum and aponomma hydrosauri (acari: ixodidae) larvae and nymphs.	this study compared the duration of the moulting periods of engorged larvae and nymphs of the ixodid ticks, amblyomma limbatum and aponomma hydrosauri, at different temperature/relative humidity regimes, and examined the relationships between the engorged weight of ticks and their weights after moulting. the results showed that for each species, there was a significant relationship between the weights of unfed nymphs and engorged larvae, and the weights of unfed adults and engorged nymphs. the w ...	2000	10980285
prevalence of ehrlichia ewingii in amblyomma americanum in north carolina.		2000	10979750
introduction of potential heartwater vectors and other exotic ticks into florida on imported reptiles.	following the discovery of establishment of the african tortoise tick amblyomma marmoreum in florida, the present study was undertaken to determine the extent of introduction of exotic ticks into florida on imported reptiles. exotic ticks were identified on 29 (91%) of 32 reptile premises in 18 counties of florida. the ticks, found on a variety of imported tortoises, snakes, and monitor lizards, belonged to 4 amblyomma species (a. marmoreum, amblyomma nuttalli, amblyomma sabanerae, and amblyomma ...	2000	10958443
prevalence and intensity of the blood parasite hemolivia mariae in a field population of the skink tiliqua rugosa.	the impacts of virulent parasites on humans or domestic animals are well documented. less is known of the impact of parasites in natural host-parasite associations. a population of the australian sleepy lizard tiliqua rugosa is infected with the blood microparasite hemolivia mariae, which is transmitted by the ectoparasitic tick amblyomma limbatum. in most infected lizards a very small proportion, usually < 1%, of red blood cells are infected. a study of the prevalence of the microparasite in th ...	2000	10952265
attempted transmission of ehrlichia chaffeensis among white-tailed deer by amblyomma maculatum.	a deer was needle-exposed intravenously to ehrlichia chaffeensis (rickettsiales: ehrlichieae) in canine macrophage (dh82) cells and 7 days later was infested with laboratory-reared amblyomma maculatum (koch) (acari:ixodidae) nymphs for acquisition feeding. after molting, the adult ticks were allowed to feed on a naive deer. the organism was reisolated from the needle-exposed deer by cell culture and e. chaffeensis dna was detected in the deer's blood by pcr. similar isolation/recovery techniques ...	2000	10941753
ultrastructure of hemolivia mariae gamonts in the blood of the lizard tiliqua rugosa and their development to oocyst stage in the tick amblyomma limbatum.	the ultrastructural features of the development of hemolivia mariae from intra-erythrocytic gamonts in their host, the australian lizard tiliqua rugosa, to oocysts containing sporokinetes in their vector, the tick amblyomma limbatum, are described. mature intra-erythrocytic gamonts, as well as gamonts ingested by the tick were encased in a thick (30 nm) capsule with distinct suture sites at each of the two apices. in the only image of a presumed syzygy, both partners were still encased. further ...	2000	10935907
a state-by-state survey of ticks recorded from humans in the united states.	based on tick specimens accessioned into the u.s. national tick collection, the species of ticks recorded as ectoparasites of humans are documented and compared for 49 u.s. states. a total of 44 tick species was recorded as parasites of humans, consisting of 11 species of soft ticks (argasidae) and 33 species of hard ticks (ixodidae). four of the hard tick species are not native to the u.s. and were removed from travelers returning from foreign destinations. therefore, we record 40 of the 84 spe ...	2000	10925803
new host and distribution record of amblyomma javanense (acari: ixodidae) in thailand.	amblyomma javanense (supino) was collected from a malayan pangolin (manis javanica desmarest) and a wild boar (sus scrofa l.) from tak province on the western boundary of thailand along the myanmar (burma) border. to date, this tick species has not been recorded from this area and from a wild boar.	2000	10916309
distribution of ehrlichia chaffeensis (rickettsiales: rickettsiaeceae) in amblyomma americanum in southern indiana and prevalence of e. chaffeensis--reactive antibodies in white-tailed deer in indiana and ohio in 1998.	to continue monitoring the prevalence and distribution of ehrlichia chaffeensis (rickettsiales: rickettsiaeceae) in southern indiana, a total of 498 amblyomma americanum (l.) ticks (262 adults and 292 nymphs) was collected from five southern indiana counties during may and june 1998. ticks were pooled and examined for the presence of e. chaffeensis using nested polymerase chain reaction and primers specific for the 16s rrna gene of e. chaffeensis. the average minimum infection rate for adult tic ...	2000	10916302
the '4-poster' passive topical treatment device to apply acaricide for controlling ticks (acari: ixodidae) feeding on white-tailed deer.	a '4-poster' device that attracts white-tailed deer to a bait source, and as they feed, allows a self-application of a pesticide to the head, ears, and neck to control ticks was designed, constructed, and tested. the device consists of a central bin containing bait to attract deer and two feeding and application stations. these stations each have one bait port and two vertical pesticide-impregnated applicator rollers. this design allows unrestricted vertical retraction of the head to minimize in ...	2000	10916301
a review of the ticks (acari, ixodida) of brazil, their hosts and geographic distribution - 1. the state of rio grande do sul, southern brazil.	a review of the ticks (acari, ixodida) of the state of rio grande do sul, southern brazil, was completed as a step towards a definitive list (currently indicated as 12) of such species, their hosts and distribution. the ticks: argas miniatus (poultry), ixodes loricatus (opossums), amblyomma aureolatum (dogs), a. calcaratum (anteaters), a. cooperi (capybaras), a. nodosum (anteaters), a. tigrinum (dogs) (neotropical) and rhipicephalus sanguineus (dogs) (introduced, cosmopolitan, afrotropical) were ...	2000	10904399