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functional characterization of a novel disaccharide transporter in lobster hepatopancreas.in animals, the accepted model of carbohydrate digestion and absorption involves reduction of disaccharides into the monosaccharides glucose, fructose, and galactose followed by their individual transmembrane transport into cells. in 2011, a gene for a distinct disaccharide sucrose transporter (scrt) was found in drosophila melanogaster and characterized in a yeast expression system. the purpose of the present investigation was to functionally identify and characterize a putative disaccharide tr ...201728180997
impact of disease on the survival of three commercially fished species.recent increases in emergent infectious diseases have raised concerns about the sustainability of some marine species. the complexity and expense of studying diseases in marine systems often dictate that conservation and management decisions are made without quantitative data on population-level impacts of disease. mark-recapture is a powerful, underutilized, tool for calculating impacts of disease on population size and structure, even in the absence of etiological information. we applied logis ...201728675580
aerococcus viridans var. homari: the presence of capsule and the relationship to virulence in american lobster (homarus americanus).the relationship between virulence and encapsulation of aerococcus viridans var. homari was evaluated by growing virulent (rabin's) and avirulent (atcc 10400) strains under varying culture conditions, and during challenge trials. changes in capsule thickness were monitored using a modified lysine-ruthenium red (lrr) fixation method and transmission electron microscopy. the virulent rabin's strain possessed a prominent capsule of 0.252 μm±0.061 μm that was diminished by in vitro growth conditions ...201626598140
american lobsters (homarus americanus) not surviving during air transport: evaluation of microbial spoilage.eighteen american lobsters (homarus americanus), dead during air transport, were analysed in order to evaluate the microbial population of meat, gills and gut: no specific studies have ever been conducted so far on the microbiological quality of american lobsters' meats in terms of spoilage microbiota. the meat samples showed very limited total viable counts, in almost all the cases below the level of 6 log cfu/g, while higher loads were found, as expected, in gut and gills, the most probable so ...201627800442
similarities between decapod and insect neuropeptidomes.background. neuropeptides are important regulators of physiological processes and behavior. although they tend to be generally well conserved, recent results using trancriptome sequencing on decapod crustaceans give the impression of significant differences between species, raising the question whether such differences are real or artefacts. methods. the blast+ program was used to find short reads coding neuropeptides and neurohormons in publicly available short read archives. such reads were th ...201627257538
cs2s04 gradients containing both hg2+ and ag+ effect the complete separation of satellite deoxyribonucleic acids having identical densities in neutral cscl gradients.a combination of both ag(+) and hg(2+) in cs(2)so(4) effects the complete separation of two dnas having identical densities in cscl. satellite dnas of hermit crab, pagurus pollicaris, and lobster, homarus americanus, have been isolated by this means.20154522292
comparative tissue expression of american lobster (homarus americanus) immune genes during bacterial and scuticociliate challenge.the american lobster (homarus americanus) fishery is the most economically significant fishery in canada; although comparatively little is known about the lobsters' response to pathogenic challenge. this is the first study to investigate the expression of immune genes in tissues outside of the lobster hepatopancreas in response to challenges by the gram-positive bacteria, aerococcus viridans var. homari or the scuticociliate parasite, anophryoides haemophila. the hepatopancreas has been regarded ...201526551049
top-down and bottom-up forces interact at thermal range extremes on american lobster.exploited marine populations are thought to be regulated by the effects of fishing, species interactions and climate. yet, it is unclear how these forces interact and vary across a species' range. we conducted a meta-analysis of american lobster (homarus americanus) abundance data throughout the entirety of the species' range, testing competing hypotheses about bottom-up (climate, temperature) vs. top-down (predation, fishing) regulation along a strong thermal gradient. our results suggest an in ...201525418350
cuticles of european and american lobsters harbor diverse bacterial species and differ in disease susceptibility.diseases of lobster shells have a significant impact on fishing industries but the risk of disease transmission between different lobster species has yet to be properly investigated. this study compared bacterial biofilm communities from american (homarus americanus) and european lobsters (h. gammarus), to assess both healthy cuticle and diseased cuticle during lesion formation. culture-independent molecular techniques revealed diversity in the bacterial communities of cuticle biofilms both with ...201424817518
electrical coupling and innexin expression in the stomatogastric ganglion of the crab cancer borealis.gap junctions are intercellular channels that allow for the movement of small molecules and ions between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells and form electrical synapses between neurons. in invertebrates, the gap junction proteins are coded for by the innexin family of genes. the stomatogastric ganglion (stg) in the crab cancer borealis contains a small number of identified and electrically coupled neurons. we identified innexin 1 (inx1), innexin 2 (inx2), innexin 3 (inx3), innexin 4 (inx4), innexin ...201425210156
binding of oxygen and carbon monoxide to arthropod hemocyanin: an allosteric analysis.the binding of oxygen and carbon monoxide to hemocyanin from the mangrove crab scylla serrata and the lobster homarus americanus has been studied by thin-layer optical absorption and front face fluorescence techniques. three types of experiments were performed on subunit and oligomeric preparations of each hemocyanin: oxygen binding, carbon monoxide binding, and oxygen-carbon monoxide competition studies. the results obtained from the subunit preparations of dissociated oligomers from both hemoc ...20143994961
cold-adapted digestive aspartic protease of the clawed lobsters homarus americanus and homarus gammarus: biochemical characterization.aspartic proteinases in the gastric fluid of clawed lobsters homarus americanus and homarus gammarus were isolated to homogeneity by single-step pepstatin-a affinity chromatography; such enzymes have been previously identified as cathepsin d-like enzymes based on their deduced amino acid sequence. here, we describe their biochemical characteristics; the properties of the lobster enzymes were compared with those of its homolog, bovine cathepsin d, and found to be unique in a number of ways. the l ...201322648335
a transcriptomic analysis of american lobster (homarus americanus) immune response during infection with the bumper car parasite anophryoides haemophila.anophryoides haemophila is an important protistan parasite of american lobster, homarus americanus, as it has been found to infect lobsters in the wild as well as causing major losses of lobsters maintained in commercial holding facilities. expression of over 14,500 h. americanus hepatopancreatic genes were monitored during an a. haemophila infection challenge in order to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in the lobster immune response. one hundred and forty-five genes were found to be dif ...201323470455
differential expression of american lobster (homarus americanus) immune related genes during infection of aerococcus viridans var. homari, the causative agent of gaffkemia.this is the first transcriptomic study focusing on immunity in the commercially valuable american lobster (homarus americanus). we have conducted an in vivo infection trial using the gram-positive bacterium aerococcus viridans var. homari to determine how h. americanus responds to this naturally occurring lethal-pathogen. a novel h. americanus microarray was used to measure the transcriptomic changes occurring in over 14,000 genes in the lobster hepatopancreas. hundreds of new immune genes and i ...201323229077
[identification of vibrio metschnikovii from homarus americanus and its changes in membrane fatty acid composition in response to low temperature].bacterial strain f5-1 isolated from the homarus americanus was characterized and its changes in membrane fatty acid composition in response to low temperature were also studied.201324028066
analysis of gene expression in homarus americanus larvae exposed to sublethal concentrations of endosulfan during metamorphosis.agricultural pesticide runoff has been suspected as the cause of numerous fish kills in rivers throughout prince edward island but the impact on the surrounding marine environment is unknown. endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, is a potent neurotoxin and molt inhibitor used to combat the colorado potato beetle however it has the potential to affect non-target organisms including the american lobster (homarus americanus). metamorphosis is a critical stage of development and the effects of co ...201324041715
cloning of skeletal myosin heavy chain gene family from adult pleopod muscle and whole larvae of shrimps.the physiological and biological properties of skeletal muscle in crustacea have not been well understood compared with those of vertebrates. the present study focused on myosin, the major protein in skeletal muscle, from shrimps. in our previous study, two full-length genes encoding myosin heavy chain (mhc), a large subunit of the myosin molecule, were cloned from abdominal fast skeletal muscle of kuruma marsupenaeus japonicus, black tiger penaeus monodon and pacific white penaeus vannamei shri ...201323526764
effect of meal size and body size on specific dynamic action and gastric processing in decapod crustaceans.meal size and animal size are important factors affecting the characteristics of the specific dynamic action (sda) response across a variety of taxa. the effects of these two variables on the sda of decapod crustaceans are based on just a couple of articles, and are not wholly consistent with the responses reported for other aquatic ectotherms. therefore, the effects of meal size and animal size on the characteristics of sda response were investigated in a variety of decapod crustaceans from dif ...201323916818
bacterial communities associated with lesions of two forms of shell disease in the american lobster (homarus americanus, milne edwards) from atlantic canada.shell disease is a major threat to the american lobster (homarus americanus, milne edwards) fishery. here we describe the composition of microbial communities associated with lesions of 2 forms of shell disease in atlantic canada, (i) a trauma shell disease (tsd) characterized by massive lesions and (ii) an enzootic shell disease (ensd) characterized by irregularly shaped lesions with a distinct orange to yellow color. the microbiology of the lesions was described by polymerase chain reaction an ...201323750952
culture-independent analysis of bacterial communities in hemolymph of american lobsters with epizootic shell disease.epizootic shell disease (esd) of the american lobster homarus americanus h. milne edwards, 1837 is a disease of the carapace that presents grossly as large, melanized, irregularly shaped lesions, making the lobsters virtually unmarketable because of their grotesque appearance. we analyzed the bacterial communities present in the hemolymph of lobsters with and without esd using nested-pcr of the 16s rrna genes followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. all lobsters tested (n = 42) had b ...201323548364
molecular immune response of the american lobster (homarus americanus) to the white spot syndrome virus.the adult american lobster (homarus americanus) is susceptible to few naturally occurring pathogens, and no viral pathogen is known to exist. despite this, relatively little is known about the h. americanus immune system and nothing is known about its potential viral immune response. hundreds of rural communities in atlantic canada rely on the lobster fishery for their economic sustainability and could be devastated by large-scale pathogen-mediated mortality events. the white spot syndrome virus ...201324045127
rheb, an activator of target of rapamycin, in the blackback land crab, gecarcinus lateralis: cloning and effects of molting and unweighting on expression in skeletal muscle.molt-induced claw muscle atrophy in decapod crustaceans facilitates exuviation and is coordinated by ecdysteroid hormones. there is a 4-fold reduction in mass accompanied by remodeling of the contractile apparatus, which is associated with an 11-fold increase in myofibrillar protein synthesis by the end of the premolt period. loss of a walking limb or claw causes a loss of mass in the associated thoracic musculature; this unweighting atrophy occurs in intermolt and is ecdysteroid independent. my ...201222279066
lesion bacterial communities in american lobsters with diet-induced shell disease.in southern new england, usa, shell disease affects the profitability of the american lobster homarus americanus fishery. in laboratory trials using juvenile lobsters, exclusive feeding of herring clupea harengus induces shell disease typified initially by small melanized spots that progress into distinct lesions. amongst a cohabitated, but segregated, cohort of 11 juvenile lobsters fed exclusively herring, bacterial communities colonizing spots and lesions were investigated by denaturing gradie ...201222535872
limited prevalence of gaffkaemia (aerococcus viridans var. homari) isolated from wild-caught european lobsters homarus gammarus in england and wales.gaffkaemia, caused by aerococcus viridans var. homari, causes fatal infections in homarus spp. (clawed lobsters). despite its high economic significance to the lobster fisheries in the usa and northern europe, data on its prevalence in captured and wild populations, particularly in europe, is scarce. following an outbreak of gaffkaemia in a european lobster holding facility in south wales (uk), a base-line survey was conducted for gaffkaemia in wild populations of european lobster homarus gammar ...201223186703
larval development and metamorphosis of the american lobster homarus americanus (crustacea, decapoda): effect of eyestalk ablation and juvenile hormone injection.removal of eyestalks of homarus americanus on different days and molting stages during larval development revealed that eyestalk tissue is involved in the larval and postlarval molting rhythm and in preparation for metamorphosis as early as the end of stage ii. eyestalk removal in stages ii and iii reduced the duration of larval and postlarval stages. eyestalk removal up to the end of stage ii delayed the completion of metamorphosis by one or two molts and caused additional development stages (d ...20123384311
diseases of american lobsters (homarus americanus): a review.the american lobster fishery is a significant economic driver in coastal communities of north america. increasingly, the impacts of infectious disease are recognized as important components and factors in the population ecology and subsequent management of the lobster fishery. both environmental and anthropogenic factors impact marine diseases. the review herein highlights aspects of several important bacterial, fungal and protistan diseases, including gaffkemia, shell disease, vibriosis, diseas ...201121215356
transepithelial d-glucose and d-fructose transport across the american lobster, homarus americanus, intestine.transepithelial transport of dietary d-glucose and d-fructose was examined in the lobster homarus americanus intestine using d-[(3)h]glucose and d-[(3)h]fructose. lobster intestines were mounted in a perfusion chamber to determine transepithelial mucosal to serosal (ms) and serosal to mucosal (sm) transport mechanisms of glucose and fructose. both ms glucose and fructose transport, as functions of luminal sugar concentration, increased in a hyperbolic manner, suggesting the presence of mucosal t ...201121697425
aerococcus viridans expression of cpn60 is associated with virulence during infection of the american lobster, homarus americanus milne edwards.the gram-positive bacterium aerococcus viridans var. homari is a well-documented causative agent of the lethal systemic disease gaffkemia in both the american lobster, homarus americanus, and the european lobster, homarus gammarus. previous phenotypic characterization has been unsuccessful at differentiating avirulent from virulent strains without performing lethal animal infection trials. recent genetic characterization of a. viridans strains through 16s rrna sequencing and random amplification ...201121988355
analysis of expressed sequence tags (ests) and gene expression changes under different growth conditions for the ciliate anophryoides haemophila, the causative agent of bumper car disease in the american lobster (homarus americanus).the scuticociliate anophryoides haemophila, causes bumper car disease in american lobster (homarus americanus) in commercial holding facilities in atlantic canada. while the parasite has been recognized since the 1970s and much has been learned about its biology, minimal molecular characterization exists. with genome consortiums turning to model organisms like the ciliates tetrahymena and paramecium, the amount of relevant sequence data available has made sequence surveys more attractive for gen ...201121527260
the complete mitochondrial genome of the american lobster, homarus americanus (crustacea, decapoda).although relatively a large number of the complete mitochondrial genome sequences have been determined from various decapod species (29 mtdna sequences reported so far), the information for the infraorder astacidea (including lobsters, crayfishes, and their relatives) is very limited and represented by only one complete sequence from the australian freshwater crayfish species cherax destructor. in this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial dna sequence of homarus americanus, the first ...201121740340
evidence that potential fish predators elicit the production of carapace vibrations by the american lobster.american lobsters (homarus americanus) will on rare occasions produce sounds by vibrating their dorsal carapace. although this behavior can be elicited in the laboratory by handling lobsters, the stimulus that triggers the production of sounds in the lobster's natural habitat is not known. we investigated the influence of two fish that are known to prey on lobsters, cod (gadus morhua) and striped bass (morone saxatilis), on the production of sounds by american lobsters. in addition, we examined ...201121753058
isolation and amino acid sequence of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone precursor-related peptides.the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) is synthesized as part of a larger preprohormone in which the sequence of chh is n-terminally flanked by a peptide for which the name cprp (chh precursor-related peptide) is proposed. both chh and cprp are present in the sinus gland, the neurohemal organ of neurosecretory cells located in the eyestalk of decapod crustaceans. this paper describes the isolation and sequence analysis of cprps isolated from sinus glands of the crab carcinus maenas, the cray ...20111788131
primary structure of the major isomorph of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh-i) from the sinus gland of the mexican crayfish procambarus bouvieri (ortmann): interspecies comparison.the amino acid sequence of this neuropeptide was elucidated by means of a combined approach of enzymatic digestions, manual and automatic edman degradations, and mass spectrometry. it is a 72 residue peptide (molecular mass 8388 da), with six cysteines forming three disulfide bridges connecting residues 7-43, 23-39, and 26-52, with blocked n- and c-termini, and lacking the amino acids histidine, methionine, and tryptophan. the chh-i of procambarus bouvieri is compared with the other known chhs f ...20118441709
safety of florfenicol in the adult lobster (homarus americanus).aerococcus viridans, the causative agent of the disease gaffkemia, was a major cause of mortality in lobsters (homarus americanus) held in tidal impoundments during the 1970s and 1980s. despite reports of an increase in the mortality of lobsters during impoundment, and the widespread prophylactic use of oxytetracycline against a. viridans, this bacterium has not been detected in active disease surveillance of the maine postcapture lobster population. however, photobacterium indicum may be an eme ...201122946384
creation of a gilded trap by the high economic value of the maine lobster fishery.unsustainable fishing simplifies food chains and, as with aquaculture, can result in reliance on a few economically valuable species. this lack of diversity may increase risks of ecological and economic disruptions. centuries of intense fishing have extirpated most apex predators in the gulf of maine (united states and canada), effectively creating an american lobster (homarus americanus) monoculture. over the past 20 years, the economic diversity of marine resources harvested in maine has decli ...201121797925
bioinformatic analyses of the publicly accessible crustacean expressed sequence tags (ests) reveal numerous novel neuropeptide-encoding precursor proteins, including ones from members of several little studied taxa.ests have been generated for many crustacean species, providing an invaluable resource for peptide discovery in members of this arthropod subphylum. here, these data were mined for novel peptide-encoding transcripts, with the mature peptides encoded by them predicted using a combination of online peptide prediction programs and homology to known arthropod sequences. in total, 70 mature full-length/partial peptides representing members of 16 families/subfamilies were predicted, the vast majority ...201020064519
dual control of cytosolic metals by lysosomal transporters in lobster hepatopancreas.this study describes the membrane transport mechanisms used by lobster (homarus americanus) hepatopancreatic epithelial lysosomes to accumulate and sequester heavy metals from the cytosol, and thereby aid in the regulation of these ions entering the animal from dietary constituents. the present investigation extends previous work describing lysosomal metal uptake by cation exchange with protons and suggests that a second, parallel, lysosomal transport process involving metal-thiol conjugates may ...201020154192
aspartic cathepsin d endopeptidase contributes to extracellular digestion in clawed lobsters homarus americanus and homarus gammarus.acid digestive proteinases were studied in the gastric fluids of two species of clawed lobster (homarus americanus and homarus gammarus). an active protein was identified in both species as aspartic proteinase by specific inhibition with pepstatin a. it was confirmed as cathepsin d by mass mapping, n-terminal, and full-length cdna sequencing. both lobster species transcribed two cathepsin d mrnas: cathepsin d1 and cathepsin d2. cathepsin d1 mrna was detected only in the midgut gland, suggesting ...201020169386
nuclear dna content variation associated with muscle fiber hypertrophic growth in decapod crustaceans.we tested the hypothesis that hypertrophic muscle growth in decapod crustaceans is associated with increases in both the number of nuclei per fiber and nuclear dna content. the dna-localizing fluorochrome dapi (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and chicken erythrocyte standards were used with static microspectrophotometry and image analysis to estimate nuclear dna content in hemocytes and muscle fibers from eight decapod crustacean species: farfantepenaeus aztecus, palaemonetes pugio, panulirus arg ...201020237594
identification and expression of mrnas encoding bursicon in the plesiomorphic central nervous system of homarus gammarus.ecdysis in arthropods is a complex process, regulated by many neurohormones, which must be released in a precisely coordinated manner. in insects, the ultimate hormone involved in this process is the cuticle tanning hormone, bursicon. recently, this hormone has been identified in crustaceans. to further define the distribution of bursicon in crustacean nervous systems, and to compare hormone structures within the sub-phylum, cdnas encoding both bursicon subunits were cloned and sequenced from th ...201020691691
molecular and mass spectral identification of the broadly conserved decapod crustacean neuropeptide pqiryhqcyfnpiscf: the first piscf-allatostatin (manduca sexta- or c-type allatostatin) from a non-insect.the piscf-allatostatins (manduca sexta- or c-type allatostatins) are a family of pentadecapeptides characterized by a pyroglutamine blocked n-terminus, an unamidated-piscf c-terminus, and a disulfide bridge between two internal cys residues. several isoforms of piscf-ast are known, all from holometabolous insects. using a combination of transcriptomics and mass spectrometry, we have identified the first piscf-type peptides from a non-insect species. in silico analysis of crustacean ests identifi ...201019467234
tubulin evolution in insects: gene duplication and subfunctionalization provide specialized isoforms in a functionally constrained gene family.the completion of 19 insect genome sequencing projects spanning six insect orders provides the opportunity to investigate the evolution of important gene families, here tubulins. tubulins are a family of eukaryotic structural genes that form microtubules, fundamental components of the cytoskeleton that mediate cell division, shape, motility, and intracellular trafficking. previous in vivo studies in drosophila find a stringent relationship between tubulin structure and function; small, biochemic ...201020423510
use of herring bait to farm lobsters in the gulf of maine.ecologists, fisheries scientists, and coastal managers have all called for an ecosystem approach to fisheries management, yet many species such as the american lobster (homarus americanus) are still largely managed individually. one hypothesis that has yet to be tested suggests that human augmentation of lobster diets via the use of atlantic herring (clupea harengus) as bait may contribute to recent increases in lobster landings. currently 70% of atlantic herring landings in the gulf of maine ar ...201020419167
factors affecting post-capture survivability of lobster homarus americanus.technological advances in gear and fishing practices have driven the global expansion of the american lobster live seafood market. these changes have had a positive effect on the lobster industry by increasing capture efficiency. however, it is unknown what effect these improved methods will have on the post-capture fitness and survival of lobsters. this project utilized a repeated measures design to compare the physiological changes that occur in lobsters over time as the result of differences ...201020662372
predicted sub-populations in a marine shrimp proteome as revealed by combined est and cdna data from multiple penaeus species.abstract:201021067619
nutritional quality of the edible tissues of european lobster homarus gammarus and american lobster homarus americanus.the clawed lobsters homarus gammarus and homarus americanus are high-priced and appreciated food items in southern europe. from a nutritional point of view there is still limited information on the chemical composition of edible tissues (muscle, hepatopancreas, and gonads) of both species. therefore, the aims of the present work were to study the proximate chemical composition, energy, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, and cholesterol content in each edible tissue of both species and to evalua ...200919334784
mass spectrometric characterization and physiological actions of novel crustacean c-type allatostatins.the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (stg) is modulated by numerous neuropeptides that are released locally in the neuropil or that reach the stg as neurohormones. using 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (dan) as a reductive screening matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (maldi) mass spectrometric profiling of disulfide bond-containing c-type allatostatin peptides followed by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight (esi-q-tof) tandem mass spectrometric (ms/ms) analysis, we ide ...200919505516
identification of a novel sodium-dependent fructose transport activity in the hepatopancreas of the atlantic lobster homarus americanus.[(3)h]fructose and [(3)h]glucose transport were determined in brush-border membrane vesicles (bbmv), basolateral membrane vesicles (blmv) and isolated cells (e, r, f, b) of h. americanus (atlantic lobster) hepatopancreas. glucose transport in bbmv was equilibrative in the absence of sodium and concentrative in the presence of sodium. sodium-dependent glucose transport by bbmv was not inhibited by a tenfold molar excess of fructose. glucose transport by blmv was equilibrative and sodium independe ...200919483009
three-dimensional reconstruction of the musculature of various life cycle stages of the cycliophoran symbion americanus.cycliophora is a very recently described phylum of acoelomate metazoans with a complex life cycle and a phylogenetic position that has been under debate ever since its discovery in 1995. symbion americanus, which lives attached to the mouthparts of the american lobster, homarus americanus, represents the second species described for the phylum. aiming to increase the morphological knowledge about this cryptic clade, the present study describes the muscle arrangement of the feeding stage, the att ...200918937332
cloning of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum ca2+ -atpase (serca) from caribbean spiny lobster panulirus argus.we have previously reported on calcium transport mechanisms in american lobster, homarus americanus, using (45)ca(2+) coupled with vesicle preparations of hepatopancreatic endoplasmic reticulum. the active transport of calcium across membranes bordering calcium-sequestering stores such as sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum is catalyzed by membrane-spanning proteins, the sarco-endoplasmic ca(2+)-atpases (sercas). in the study described here we used advanced bioinformatics and molecular techniq ...200918825387
identification of sywkqcafnavscfamide: a broadly conserved crustacean c-type allatostatin-like peptide with both neuromodulatory and cardioactive properties.the allatostatins comprise three structurally distinct peptide families that regulate juvenile hormone production by the insect corpora allata. a-type family members contain the c-terminal motif -yxfglamide and have been found in species from numerous arthropod taxa. members of the b-type family exhibit a -wx(6)wamide c-terminus and, like the a-type peptides, appear to be broadly conserved within the arthropoda. by contrast, members of the c-type family, typified by the unblocked c-terminus -pis ...200919423507
characterization of a membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme isoform in crayfish testis and evidence for its release into the seminal fluid.in the present study, an isoform of angiotensin-converting enzyme was characterized from the testis of a decapod crustacean, the crayfish astacus leptodactylus. angiotensin-converting enzyme cdna, obtained by 3'- to 5' race of testis rnas, codes for a predicted one-domain protein similar to the mammalian germinal isoform of angiotensin-converting enzyme. all amino acid residues involved in enzyme activity are highly conserved, and a potential c-terminus transmembrane anchor may be predicted from ...200919656189
65zn2+ transport by isolated gill epithelial cells of the american lobster, homarus americanus.gills are the first site of impact by metal ions in contaminated waters. work on whole gill cells and metal uptake has not been reported before in crustaceans. in this study, gill filaments of the american lobster, homarus americanus, were dissociated in physiological saline and separated into several cell types on a 30, 40, 50, and 80% sucrose gradient. cells from each sucrose solution were separately resuspended in physiological saline and incubated in 65zn2+ in order to assess the nature of m ...200919198852
adult neurogenesis in the crayfish brain: proliferation, migration, and possible origin of precursor cells.the birth of new neurons and their incorporation into functional circuits in the adult brain is a characteristic of many vertebrate and invertebrate organisms, including decapod crustaceans. precursor cells maintaining life-long proliferation in the brains of crayfish (procambarus clarkii, cherax destructor) and clawed lobsters (homarus americanus) reside within a specialized niche on the ventral surface of the brain; their daughters migrate to two proliferation zones along a stream formed by pr ...200919294644
molecular, mass spectral, and physiological analyses of orcokinins and orcokinin precursor-related peptides in the lobster homarus americanus and the crayfish procambarus clarkii.recently, cdnas encoding prepro-orcokinins were cloned from the crayfish procambarus clarkii; these cdnas encode multiple copies of four orcokinin isoforms as well as several other peptides. using the translated open reading frames of the p. clarkii transcripts as queries, five ests encoding american lobster homarus americanus orthologs were identified via blast analysis. from these clones, three cdnas, each encoding one of two distinct prepro-hormones, were characterized. predicted processing o ...200919007832
anti-lipopolysaccharide factors in the american lobster homarus americanus: molecular characterization and transcriptional response to vibrio fluvialis challenge.two partial mrna sequences predicted to encode anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (alfs) were identified among expressed sequence tags generated from the american lobster homarus americanus and complete cdna sequences were obtained from library clones. comparison of the translated amino acid sequences to those publicly available confirmed similarity to arthropod anti-lipopolysaccharide factors. both protein sequences, designated alfha-1 and alfha-2, contained an n-terminal signal peptide and two ha ...200819956341
ulcerative enteritis in homarus americanus: case report and molecular characterization of intestinal aerobic bacteria of apparently healthy lobsters in live storage.an intermoult male american lobster, homarus americanus, with severe intestinal lesions was encountered while collecting samples of aerobic intestinal bacteria from lobsters held in an artificial sea-water recirculation aquarium system. grossly, the intestine was firm, thickened, and white. histologic examination revealed a severe, diffuse, ulcerative enteritis which spared the chitin-lined colon, somewhat similar to hemocytic enteritis of shrimp. the bacterial isolates from this lobster were co ...200818640120
identification and localization of a putative atp-binding cassette transporter in sea lice (lepeophtheirus salmonis) and host atlantic salmon (salmo salar).some members of the abc-transporter superfamily, such as p-glycoprotein and the multidrug resistance associated protein, may confer resistance to the avermectin subclass of macrocyclic lactones. the aim of this study was to examine the presence of abc transporters in both sea lice (lepeophtheirus salmonis) and its atlantic salmon host (salmo salar) using monoclonal antibodies (c219 and jsb-1, with high selectivity for p-gp) and a new polyclonal antibody (sl0525) generated against a putative sea ...200817961285
isolation and characterisation of two antimicrobial peptides from haemocytes of the american lobster homarus americanus.two antimicrobial peptides from haemocytes of the american lobster, homarus americanus h. milne edwards 1837, were isolated and partially characterised - the first such description for this species. cap-2, an approximately 12kda peptide, contained amino acid sequences corresponding to the predicted sequence for hoa-crustin. crustins are whey acidic protein (wap) domain - containing peptides isolated from crustacean haemocytes. cap-2 did not have any activity towards the gram positive coccus aero ...200818499476
identification of putative crustacean neuropeptides using in silico analyses of publicly accessible expressed sequence tags.the development of expressed sequence tags (ests) for crustacean cdna libraries and their deposition in publicly accessible databases has generated a rich resource for peptide discovery in this commercially and ecologically important arthropod subphylum. here, we have conducted in silico searches of these databases for unannotated ests encoding putative neuropeptide precursors using the blast program tblastn, and have predicted the mature forms of the peptides encoded by them. the primary strate ...200818321503
short- and long-term dietary effects on disease and mortality in american lobster homarus americanus.the american lobster homarus americanus fishery is heavily dependent on the use of fish as bait to entice lobsters into traps. there is concern that this food supplementation is nutritionally insufficient for lobsters, but previous experiments reported conflicting results. we conducted a long-term feeding experiment in which 1 yr old american lobsters were fed one of 7 diets for a period of 352 d, a time that allowed the lobsters to molt thrice. the diets consisted of fresh frozen herring, a 'wi ...200818380224
sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein: identification as a new allergen of the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.tropomyosin and arginine kinase have been identified as crustacean allergens. during purification of arginine kinase from black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon, we found a new allergen of 20-kda.200818204275
sifamide peptides in clawed lobsters and freshwater crayfish (crustacea, decapoda, astacidea): a combined molecular, mass spectrometric and electrophysiological investigation.recently, we identified the peptide vyrkppfngsifamide (val(1)-sifamide) in the stomatogastric nervous system (stns) of the american lobster homarus americanus using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-fourier transform mass spectrometry (maldi-ftms). given that h. americanus is the only species thus far shown to possess this peptide, and that a second sifamide isoform, gly(1)-sifamide, is broadly conserved in other decapods, including another astacidean, the crayfish procambarus clarkii, ...200818308319
identification and characterization of a cdna encoding a crustin-like, putative antibacterial protein from the american lobster homarus americanus.pathogenic challenges in decapod crustaceans are combated by innate immune responses, including the production and secretion of soluble antibacterial proteins into the hemolymph. among the antibacterials that have been identified in decapod species are the crustins, a group of four-disulfide core/whey-acidic-protein (wap) domain-containing proteins, which target marine/salt tolerant gram-positive bacteria. to begin to assess the possible role of crustins in combating bacterial invasion in the am ...200717418897
comparative analysis of barnacle tropomyosin: divergence from decapod tropomyosins and role as a potential allergen.tropomyosin, a myofibrillar protein of 35-38 kda, represents a major and cross-reactive allergen in decapod crustaceans. this study was initiated to clarify whether decapod-allergic patients also recognize tropomyosins of barnacles, crustaceans phylogenetically remote from decapods, which are locally consumed as a delicacy. on sds-page, a 37 kda protein was observed in all the heated extracts prepared from two species of decapods (american lobster homarus americanus and black tiger prawn penaeus ...200717321773
identification and cardiotropic actions of sulfakinin peptides in the american lobster homarus americanus.in arthropods, a group of peptides possessing a -y((so3h))ghm/lrfamide carboxy-terminal motif have been collectively termed the sulfakinins. sulfakinin isoforms have been identified from numerous insect species. in contrast, members of this peptide family have thus far been isolated from just two crustaceans, the penaeid shrimp penaeus monodon and litopenaeus vannamei. here, we report the identification of a cdna encoding prepro-sulfakinin from the american lobster homarus americanus. two sulfak ...200717575033
cloning and characterisation of a prophenoloxidase from the haemocytes of mud crab scylla serrata.a prophenoloxidase (propo) cdna was cloned from the haemocytes of mud crab scylla serrata using oligonucleotide primers and rt-pcr. both 3'- and 5'-regions were isolated by rapid amplification of cdna end (race) method. analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed that the cdna clone has a full length of 2663bp, with an open reading frame of 2019bp, a 124-bp 5'-untranslated region, and a 520-bp 3'-untranslated region containing a poly a signal. it encodes a protein of 673 amino acids with a pred ...200716806468
amino acid sequence of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) from the crayfish, orconectes limosus: emergence of a novel neuropeptide family.the primary structure of the major form of chh from sinus glands of the crayfish, orconectes limosus, was determined by manual edman microsequencing. it is a 72-residue peptide with a calculated mr of 8400 da. in the number of residues, it is identical to the chh of carcinus maenas and very similar to mih (moult inhibiting hormone) of homarus americanus. all three peptides have pglu as n-terminus in common, and val-nh2 is the c-terminal residue in orconectes and carcinus chh. six cys residues oc ...20071800954
gene discovery in carcinus maenas and homarus americanus via expressed sequence tags.expressed sequence tags (ests) were produced for normalized cdna libraries prepared from several tissues of 2 marine crustaceans, the green shore crab carcinus maenas and the american lobster homarus americanus. tissues represented in the carcinus library were anterior and posterior gills, hypodermis, heart, hepatopancreas, antennal gland, brain, testis, and skeletal muscle, obtained from animals acclimated to 35 and 10ôç¦ salinity. tissues represented in the homarus library were gill, epipodite ...200621672795
experimental investigation of the elastic-plastic deformation of mineralized lobster cuticle by digital image correlation.this study presents a novel experimental approach to the characterization of the deformation of a mineralized biological composite using arthropod cuticle as a model material. by performing tensile tests combined with a detailed strain analysis via digital image correlation, the elastic-plastic deformation behavior of the endocuticle of the american lobster homarus americanus is examined. the test specimens originate from the pincher and crusher claws. for evaluating the effect of moisture on th ...200616899374
identification, physiological actions, and distribution of vyrkppfngsifamide (val1)-sifamide) in the stomatogastric nervous system of the american lobster homarus americanus.in this study, the peptide vyrkppfngsifamide (val(1)-sifamide) was identified in the stomatogastric nervous system (stns) of the american lobster, homarus americanus, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-fourier transform mass spectrometry (maldi-ftms). when bath-applied to the stomatogastric ganglion (stg), synthetic val(1)-sifamide activated the pyloric motor pattern, increasing both burst amplitude and duration in the pyloric dilator (pd) neurons. to determine the distribution of ...200616566002
the mechanical function and structure of aortic microfibrils in the lobster homarus americanus.marfan syndrome, a connective tissue disorder affecting the cardiovascular system, is caused by mutations of fibrillin-based microfibrils. these mutations often affect the calcium-binding domains, resulting in structural changes to the proteins. it is hypothesized that these ca+2 binding sites regulate the structure and mechanical properties of the microfibrils. the mechanical properties of fresh and extracted lobster aortic rings in calcium solutions (1, 13 and 30 mm ca+2) were measured. sample ...200616488170
immunogen-dependent quantitative and qualitative differences in phagocytic responses of the circulating hemocytes of the lobster homarus americanus.phagocytic responses in circulating hemocytes of the lobster homarus americanus were measured before and after treatment of lobsters with 2 different immunogens: (1) lipolysaccharide (lps) or endotoxin from a non-pathogenic pseudomonas perolens, and (2) a vancomycin/live gram-positive pathogen (aerococcus viridans [var.] homari) combination, essentially attenuated cells, shown previously to induce a high degree of resistance to this pathogen. the responses elicited by each of the immunogens were ...200616724563
nitric oxide's pulsatile release in lobster heart and its regulation by opiate signaling: pesticide interference.data is emerging in the human and invertebrate literature demonstrating that mu opiate receptors and morphine are present in cardiovascular tissues in diverse animals, including human tissues, where they may be exerting a cardioregulatory role via stimulation of constitutive nitric oxide (no) production.200617136001
seasonal lethality of the organophosphate pesticide, azamethiphos to female american lobster (homarus americanus).the organophosphate pesticide azamethiphos is the active ingredient in salmosan, a product formerly registered in canada for the treatment of cultured atlantic salmon against infestations of the ectoparasite lepeophtheirus salmonis. the 48-h lc50 of azamethiphos to female american lobsters was determined bimonthly for 2 years to determine whether the sensitivity of lobsters to azamethiphos varied with time of year, molt stage, or reproductive stage. the lc50's ranged from 0.61 to 3.24 microg/l. ...200515590004
geographic variation of multiple paternity in the american lobster, homarus americanus.we studied the frequency of multiple paternity for american lobster (homarus americanus) at three canadian sites differing in exploitation rate and mean adult size. the probability of detecting multiple paternity using four microsatellite loci and 100 eggs per female was in excess of 99% under various scenarios of paternal contribution. overall, 13% of the 108 examined females carried a clutch sired by two or three males. multiple paternity was observed at the two most exploited sites (11% at ma ...200515813789
hidden diversity and host specificity in cycliophorans: a phylogeographic analysis along the north atlantic and mediterranean sea.in order to elucidate the evolutionary history and the population structure of the members of the phylum cycliophora, which live commensally on three species of lobsters, we studied sequence variation in the mitochondrial gene cyctochrome c oxidase subunit i. overall 242 sequences from 16 locations on both coasts of the north atlantic, including the north sea and the mediterranean, were analysed, revealing 28 haplotypes, with a maximum sequence divergence of 16.6%. total genetic diversity was hi ...200516313603
the olfactory pathway for individual recognition in the american lobster homarus americanus.individual recognition in the lobster homarus americanus (milne-edwards), is based on detection of urine pheromones via chemoreceptors of the lateral antennular flagellum. the specific sensory pathway mediating this recognition is not known. most of the chemoreceptor cells of this flagellum are found in the unimodal aesthetasc sensilla and project specifically to the glomeruli of the olfactory lobe in the brain. additional chemoreceptor cells are located among mechanoreceptor cells in bimodal se ...200516043591
the american lobster, homarus americanus, contains morphine that is coupled to nitric oxide release in its nervous and immune tissues: evidence for neurotransmitter and hormonal signaling.the study was designed to determine if morphine was present in lobster tissues. it was also important to determine, as in other animals, if its levels would change in response to stress. in this regard, it was also important to determine if lobster immune and neural tissues express the mu opiate receptor subtype, which was coupled to constitutive nitric oxide synthase derived nitric oxide release.200515855878
four differentially expressed cdnas in callinectes sapidus containing the rebers-riddiford consensus sequence.decapod crustaceans such as callinectes sapidus, the blue crab, provide unique opportunities to study proteins involved in biomineralization. subsequent to each molt, the previously deposited soft cuticle is calcified while the postecdysial layers are simultaneously deposited and mineralized. though the majority of the exoskeleton hardens, morphologically similar cuticle at the joints, called arthrodial membrane, remains flexible. it seems reasonable that hypodermal cells producing these cuticle ...200515939643
bioaccumulation and metabolic effects of the endocrine disruptor methoprene in the lobster, homarus americanus.methoprene is a pesticide that acts as a juvenile hormone agonist. although developed initially against insects, it has since been shown to have toxic effects on larval and adult crustaceans. methoprene was one of several pesticides applied to the western long island sound (wlis) watershed area during the summer of 1999; the other pesticides were malathion, resmethrin, and sumethrin. these pesticides were applied as part of a county-by-county effort to control the mosquito vector of west nile vi ...200521676752
stressed-out lobsters: crustacean hyperglycemic hormone and stress proteins.organisms in natural habitats must frequently respond to changes in their environments through various physiological mechanisms. my laboratory has developed several methods for the quantification of stress in crustaceans. an elisa was developed for the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) from the american lobster (homarus americanus). it is sensitive to as little as 0.2 fmol of peptide. increases in hemolymph chh were observed under conditions of acute hypoxia, elevated temperature, and alter ...200521676744
excretory calcinosis: a new fatal disease of wild american lobsters homarus americanus.a significant number of moribund and dead lobsters homarus americanus were reported to new york state authorities by lobster fishers in long island sound (lis) during the summer of 2002. morbid lobsters were characterised by an orange discolouration of the abdomen, lethargy, an excess of epibionts and poor post-capture survival. on necropsy, severe extensive multifocal or diffuse mineralised granulomatous inflammation of the gills and antennal glands was the most striking pathology. in the gills ...200415109145
fmrfamidelike peptides of homarus americanus: distribution, immunocytochemical mapping, and ultrastructural localization in terminal varicosities.the distribution of fmrfamidelike peptides was studied in the nervous system of the lobster homarus americanus by using immunocytochemical and radioimmunological techniques. by radioimmunoassay fmrfamidelike immunoreactivity (fli) was found in low levels (ca. 1 pmol/mg protein) throughout the ventral nerve cord and in much higher amounts (60-100 pmol/mg protein) in the neurosecretory pericardial organs. immunocytochemical studies showed fli in approximately 300-350 cell bodies, and in distinct n ...20043323267
malathion immunotoxicity in the american lobster (homarus americanus) upon experimental exposure.a lobster die-off reduced the 1999 fall landings in western long island sound by up to more then 99%. the die-off corresponded in time with the application of pesticides for the control of mosquitoes that carried west nile virus, a new emerging disease in north america at the time. in order to determine the possible implication of pesticide application as a direct cause or contributing factor in the die-off, we studied the effects of experimental exposure to malathion on the health of lobsters. ...200415168949
induced resistance to infection of lobsters homarus americanus by aerococcus viridans (var.) homari, the bacterium causing gaffkemia.a vaccine composed of steam sterilized (autoclaved) cells of a virulent strain of aerococcus viridans (var.) homari was effective in protecting lobsters homarus americanus against gaffkemia. at 15 degrees c the heat-killed vaccines (hkv) at concentrations between 1 and 5 x 10(7) particles kg(-1) lobster body wt induced maximal protection in induction periods ranging from 7 to 11 d. protection was substantial over the course of a 30 d post-induction trial period. spring-caught lobsters (i.e. thos ...200415672875
purification and characterization of a mandibular organ protein from the american lobster, homarus americanus: a putative farnesoic acid o-methyltransferase.methyl farnesoate (mf) appears to have important roles in the development, morphogenesis, and reproduction of crustaceans. to better understand the regulation of mf synthesis, we studied farnesoic acid o-methyltransferase (faomet, the final enzyme in the mf biosynthetic pathway) in the american lobster (homarus americanus). faomet purified from mandibular organ (mo) homogenates had a mw of approximately 38,000. the sequences of trypsin fragments of purified faomet were used to design pcr primers ...200415262283
response of american lobsters homarus americanus to infection with a field isolate of aerococcus viridans var. homari (gaffkemia): survival and haematology.american lobsters homarus americanus were inoculated with a field isolate of the gram-positive bacterium aerococcus viridans var. homari, causative agent of gaffkemia, at 1 x 10(6), 1 x 10(4) or 1 x 10(2) colony forming units (cfu) kg(-1) or with sterile 3% nacl and maintained at 10 or 15 degrees c until they died or were euthanised. progression of disease in individual animals was monitored daily by total haemocyte count (thc) and haemolymph culture. post-mortem examinations were performed on a ...200415609881
characterization of vibrio fluvialis-like strains implicated in limp lobster disease.studies were undertaken to characterize and determine the pathogenic mechanisms involved in a newly described systemic disease in homarus americanus (american lobster) caused by a vibrio fluvialis-like microorganism. nineteen isolates were obtained from eight of nine lobsters sampled. biochemically, the isolates resembled v. fluvialis, and the isolates grew optimally at 20 degrees c; none could grow at temperatures above 23 degrees c. the type strain (1ama) displayed a thermal reduction time (d ...200314660396
expression of na(+) / d-glucose cotransport in xenopus laevis oocytes by injection of poly(a)(+) rna isolated from lobster (homarus americanus) hepatopancreas.xenopus laevis oocytes were used for expression and characterization of lobster (homarus americanus) hepatopancreas na(+)-dependent d-glucose transport activity. poly(a)(+) rna from the whole hepatopancreatic tissue was injected and transport activity was assayed by alpha-d-[2-(3)h] glucose. injection of lobster hepatopancreatic poly(a)(+) rna resulted in a dose (1-20 ng) and time (1-5 days) dependent increase of na(+)-dependent d-glucose uptake. kinetics of na(+)-dependent glucose transport was ...200312829054
development, characterisation, inheritance, and cross-species utility of american lobster (homarus americanus) microsatellite and mtdna pcr-rflp markers.effective management of exploited species demands contemporary knowledge of population structure and mating patterns. genetic markers can prove useful in providing this knowledge. despite its commercial importance, genetic markers for american lobster (homarus americanus) are limited. we developed 12 tetra- and 1 trinucleotide microsatellite loci for american lobster that exhibit little stuttering after pcr amplification. gene diversity of these loci ranged from 0.516 to 0.929. a four-locus mult ...200312669797
classification of homarus americanus hemocytes and the use of differential hemocyte counts in lobsters infected with aerococcus viridans var. homari (gaffkemia).hemocytes of the american lobster (homarus americanus h. milne edwards) were classified after examination of wright-giemsa stained cytocentrifuge preparations by brightfield light microscopy. eleven hemocyte types were identified using morphologic criteria. the classification system was then used to monitor changes in the differential hemocyte count (dhc) of lobsters infected with the gram positive coccus aerococcus viridans var. homari, etiologic agent of gaffkemia. the appearance of less matur ...200314726241
immunocytochemical and molecular data guide peptide identification by mass spectrometry: orcokinin and orcomyotropin-related peptides in the stomatogastric nervous system of several crustacean species.in order to identify new orcokinin and orcomyotropin-related peptides in crustaceans, molecular and immunocytochemical data were combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). in the crayfish procambarus clarkii, four orcokinins and an orcomyotropin-related peptide are present on the precursor. because these peptides are highly conserved, we assumed that other species have an identical number of peptides. to identify the peptides, immun ...200314528921
development of mitochondrial dna primers for use with homarid lobsters.dna primer sets were developed for the amplification of complete mitochondrial genomes for both european and american lobsters in 4 suitable-sized segments. optimal conditions for polymerase chain reaction routine screening were established. the 4 segments were screened with 24 restriction endonucleases in a test population sample, covering the whole distribution of the european lobster, and restriction patterns of each enzyme were revealed. a segment of 3000 bp comprising part of cytochrome oxi ...200314730430
thermal acclimation and stress in the american lobster, homarus americanus: equivalent temperature shifts elicit unique gene expression patterns for molecular chaperones and polyubiquitin.using homologous molecular probes, we examined the influence of equivalent temperature shifts on the in vivo expression of genes coding for a constitutive heat shock protein (hsc70), heat shock proteins (hsps) (hsp70 and hsp90), and polyubiquitin, after acclimation in the american lobster, homarus americanus. we acclimated sibling, intermolt, juvenile male lobsters to thermal regimes experienced during overwintering conditions (0.4 +/- 0.3 degrees c), and to ambient pacific ocean temperatures (1 ...200211892992
gonad-inhibiting hormone of the norway lobster (nephrops norvegicus): cdna cloning, expression, recombinant protein production, and immunolocalization.the gonad-inhibiting hormone (gih) belongs to a neuropeptide family synthesized and released in a neurohemal complex of crustacean eyestalks. the gih is involved in gonad maturation and plays a more complex role in the control of reproduction and molting. with a combination of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends approaches we determined the cdna sequence of the norway lobster nephrops norvegicus prepro gih. the open reading frame of 339 b ...200211891050
structure of the (113)cd(3)beta domains from homarus americanus metallothionein-1: hydrogen bonding and solvent accessibility of sulfur atoms.the three-dimensional structures of the isolated cd(3)beta domains from homarus americanus metallothionein have been determined by nmr methods in order to establish a set of beta-domain structures for comparative analysis. first, it was determined that the cd-cysteine connectivities forming the cd(3)s(9) metal center were identical to those observed for the beta(n) domain in the native holoprotein. time- and temperature-dependence studies of the (113)cd and (1)h 1d-nmr spectra indicated that the ...200212203008
two sniffing strategies in palinurid lobsters.most studies of lobster chemoreception have focused on the model systems of panulirus argus (palinuridae) and homarus americanus (nephropidae). we compare antennule morphology across lobsters and conduct the first kinematic study of antennule flicking in a palinurid species other than p. argus. high-speed video analysis shows that palinurus elephas flicks at a rate more than an order of magnitude higher than in p. argus. however, both species flick their antennular flagella at a reynolds number ...200212432011
putative neurohemal release zones in the stomatogastric nervous system of decapod crustaceans.the stomatogastric nervous system (stns) of decapod crustaceans has long been used to study the modulation of small neural circuits. profiles in the sheath of the nerves and ganglia of the stns, which contain only dense-core vesicles, have been described in electron microscopical studies (friend [1976] cell tissue res. 175:369-380; kilman and marder [1997] soc neurosci abstr. 23:477; skiebe and ganeshina [2000] j comp neurol 420:373-397). these profiles resemble those found in neurohemal organs ...200212378588
estimated prevalence of aerococcus viridans and anophryoides haemophila in american lobsters homarus americanus freshly captured in the waters of prince edward island, canada.the canadian lobster industry holds lobsters homarus americanus in captivity for various periods to supply markets with live product year-round. mortality during holding results in considerable losses, estimated at 10 to 15 % yr(-1) by the industry. this study examined the prevalence of anophryoides haemophila and aerococcus viridans, causative agents of 'bumper car' disease and gaffkemia, respectively, in lobsters freshly captured in the waters of prince edward island during the spring and fall ...200111710558
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