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methodological approach for the collection and simultaneous estimation of greenhouse gases emission from aquaculture ponds.global warming/climate change is the greatest environmental threat of our time. rapidly developing aquaculture sector is an anthropogenic activity, the contribution of which to global warming is little understood, and estimation of greenhouse gases (ghgs) emission from the aquaculture ponds is a key practice in predicting the impact of aquaculture on global warming. a comprehensive methodology was developed for sampling and simultaneous analysis of ghgs, carbon dioxide (co2), methane (ch4), and ...201627848111
a novel c-type lectin in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon functions as a pattern recognition receptor by binding and causing bacterial agglutination.c-type lectins are pattern recognition proteins that play important roles in innate immunity in invertebrates by mediating the recognition of pathogens. in this study, a novel c-type lectin gene, pmclec, was cloned and characterized from the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. the open reading frame of pmclec is 657 bp in length. it encodes a predicted protein of 218 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass and an isoelectric point of 24086 da and 4.67, respectively. sequence analysis of pmc ...201727876622
qualitative proteomic analysis of tipula oleracea nudivirus (tonv) occlusion bodies.nudiviruses are arthropod-specific large double-stranded circular dna viruses, related to baculoviruses, which replicate in the nucleus of the cells they infect. up to date six fully sequenced nudiviral genomes are available in databases and protein profile from nudivirus particles were mainly characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. however, only few direct matches were completed between genomic and proteomic data to the exception of the major occlusion body protein from penaeus mon ...201627902361
molecular cloning, expression and functional analysis of three subunits of protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) from black tiger shrimps (penaeus monodon).protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) is a cellular serine-threonine (ser/thr) phosphatase that plays a crucial role in regulating most cellular functions. in the present study, the full-length cdnas of three subunits of pmpp2a (pmpp2a-a, pp2a-b and pp2a-c) were cloned from penaeus monodon, which are the first available for shrimps. sequence analysis showed that pmpp2a-a, pmpp2a-b and pmpp2a-c encoded polypeptides of 591, 443, and 324 amino acids, respectively. the mrnas of three subunits of pmpp2a were ...201727914955
antiviral action of the antimicrobial peptide alfpm3 from penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome virus.the anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 3 (alfpm3), the antimicrobial peptide from penaeus monodon, possesses antibacterial and antiviral activities. although the mechanism of action of alfpm3 against bacteria has been revealed but its antiviral mechanism is still unclear. to further study how the alfpm3 exhibits antiviral activity against the enveloped virus, white spot syndrome virus (wssv), the alfpm3-interacting proteins from wssv were sought and identified five alfpm3-interacting protein ...201727919648
protection of penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome by continuous oral administration of a low concentration of bacillus subtilis spores expressing the vp28 antigen.in this study, bacillus subtilis spores expressing a chimeric protein, cotb-vp28, were used as a probiotic vaccine to protect black tiger shrimps (penaeus monodon) against white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection. oral administration of pellets coated with cotb-vp28 spores (at ≥1 × 10(9 ) cfu per g pellet) to shrimps induced immune-relating phenoloxydase activity (po) in shrimps after 14 days of feeding (prior challenge) and at day 3 post challenge (1·26 and 1·70 fold increase respectively). a ...201727992657
the immune response of the c-jun in the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) after bacterial infection.the transcription factor c-jun widely exists in vertebrates and invertebrates and plays an important role in various kinds of stimulus response. in this study, pmc-jun gene was first cloned from penaeus monodon. the full-length cdna of pmc-jun was 1857 bp in length and included an 879 bp open reading frame (orf), which encoded 293 amino acids. qrt-pcr analysis results showed that pmc-jun mrnas were ubiquitously expressed in all the examined tissues. the highest expression level was observed in g ...201728027988
laboratory cohabitation challenge model for shrimp hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (hpm) caused by enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (ehp).enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (ehp) causes hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (hpm) in shrimp. it is probably endemic in australasia and was first characterized and named from the giant or black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon from thailand in 2009. later, it was also found to infect exotic penaeus vannamei imported for cultivation in asia. hpm is not normally associated with shrimp mortality, but information from shrimp farmers indicates that it is associated with significant growth retardation that ...201728056950
characterization and expression analysis of a chitinase gene (pmchi-4) from black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) under pathogen infection and ambient ammonia nitrogen stress.chitinase is a multi-gene family, which play important physiological roles in crustaceans, involved in several biological processes, including digestion, molting and defense against viruses. in the present study, a chitinase-4 gene (pmchi-4) was cloned from penaeus monodon by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full length of pmchi-4 cdna was 2178 bp, including an 1815 bp open reading frame (orf) which encoded 604 amino acid residues. the predicted pmchi-4 protein was 67.7 kda and share ...201728089896
dna double-strand break repair in penaeus monodon is predominantly dependent on homologous recombination.dna double-strand breaks (dsbs) are mostly repaired by nonhomologous end joining (nhej) and homologous recombination (hr) in higher eukaryotes. in contrast, hr-mediated dsb repair is the major double-strand break repair pathway in lower order organisms such as bacteria and yeast. penaeus monodon, commonly known as black tiger shrimp, is one of the economically important crustaceans facing large-scale mortality due to exposure to infectious diseases. the animals can also get exposed to chemical m ...201728119335
anti-melanization mechanism of the white spot syndrome viral protein, wssv453, via interaction with shrimp propo-activating enzyme, pmproppae2.inhibition of the host melanization reaction, activated by the prophenoloxidase activating (propo) system, is one of the crucial evasion strategies of pathogens. recently, the shrimp pathogen, white spot syndrome virus (wssv), was found to inhibit melanization in the shrimp penaeus monodon. the viral protein wssv453 was previously shown to interact with po-activating enzyme 2 (pmppae2) and reported to be involved in suppressing the shrimp melanization response after wssv infection. here, we char ...201728141496
new insights into the spermatogenesis of the black tiger prawn, penaeus monodon.this study reports a comprehensive description of penaeid spermatogenesis (penaeus monodon) by light and transmission electron microscopy. a conspicuous characteristic of spermatocytogenesis was a ring-like structure with high electron-density adjacent to the nucleus of a primary spermatocyte. during the spermiogenesis from stage i (sti) to stage vi spermatid (stvi), the formation of the acrosome and decondensation of the nucleus were the most notable morphological transformations. stis were sma ...201728164360
melanization inhibition protein of penaeus monodon acts as a negative regulator of the prophenoloxidase-activating system.melanization mediated by the prophenoloxidase-activating system (propo) is an important immune response in invertebrates. however, in addition to melanin, the propo system produces reactive intermediates that are not only harmful to the invading microbes but also to the host cells. thus, the propo system must be tightly regulated by several inhibitors. previously, a melanization inhibition protein from the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon, pmmip, has been identified and preliminarily character ...201728232130
transcriptomic analysis of male black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) after polychaete feeding to enhance testicular maturation.to reveal molecular mechanism of how polychaetes enhanced reproductive maturation in the male black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon), transcriptomic profiles of male reproductive organs (testes and vas deferens) between polychaete-fed and commercial pellet-fed male brooders were compared using cdna microarray. the overall profiles were distinguishingly different between the two feed groups as well as between testes and vas deferens. additionally, six of 11 differentially expressed gene identified ...201728246982
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a novel pdrg1 gene from black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon).p53 and dna damage-regulated gene 1 (pdrg1) is a novel gene which plays an important role in chaperone-mediated protein folding. in the present study, the full-length complementary dna (cdna) sequence of the pdrg1 gene from penaeus monodon (pmpdrg1) was cloned by the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. the cdna of pmpdrg1 spans 1,613 bp, interrupted by only one short intron, and encodes a protein of 136 amino acids with calculated molecular weight of 15.49 kda. the temporal expressio ...201728257526
effect of thermal processing on t cell reactivity of shellfish allergens - discordance with ige reactivity.crustacean allergy is a major cause of food-induced anaphylaxis. we showed previously that heating increases ige reactivity of crustacean allergens. here we investigate the effects of thermal processing of crustacean extracts on cellular immune reactivity. raw and cooked black tiger prawn, banana prawn, mud crab and blue swimmer crab extracts were prepared and ige reactivity assessed by elisa. mass spectrometry revealed a mix of several allergens in the raw mud crab extract but predominant heat- ...201728273149
qualitative proteomic analysis of tipula oleracea nudivirus occlusion bodies.nudiviruses are arthropod-specific large double-stranded circular dna viruses, related to baculoviruses, which replicate in the nucleus of the cells they infect. to date, six fully sequenced nudiviral genomes are available in databases, and the protein profile from nudivirus particles was mainly characterized by page. however, only a few direct matches have been completed between genomic and proteomic data, with the exception of the major occlusion body protein from penaeus monodon nudivirus and ...201728284235
mosquito cells (c6/36) fail to support the complete replication of penaeus merguiensis hepandensovirus.mosquito cell lines (c6/36) were reported in the literature to support the propagation of penaeus monodon hepandensovirus (pmohdv). we aim to evaluate the susceptibility and viral propagation of p. merguiensis hepandensovirus (pmehdv) which is ∼22% different to pmohdv in aedes albopictus cell line (c6/36). cellular changes in the infected cell culture were detected. vacuole formation was seen in both infected and uninfected cell cultures. the average number of disrupted cellular membranes in the ...201728315365
production of chitin and bioactive materials from black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) shell waste by the treatment of bacterial protease cocktail.the main objective of this study was to obtain chitin in pure form from a new crustacean waste material for industrial applications. black tiger shrimp shell wastes are a rich source of protein and valuable bioactive carbohydrate polymers such as chitin. after removal of carotenoid, black tiger shrimp shell wastes (btshws) were treated with chemicals and protease enzyme to extract chitin. box-behnken response surface methodology was applied to optimize the deproteinization process to obtain chit ...201528324551
erratum to: production of chitin and bioactive materials from black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) shell waste by the treatment of bacterial protease cocktail. 201528324553
white spot syndrome virus infection: threat to crustacean biodiversity in vembanad lake, india.the vembanad lake located on the south-west coast of india, an ecological hotspot is the nursing ground of many economically important crustaceans. the prevalence of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) among crustaceans from farmed, estuarine and marine environments surrounding the vembanad lake, india was detected using pcr. a total of 308 samples from aquaculture ponds consisting of six species of crustaceans collected from five different farms were tested for the presence of wssv. of these, 67% ...201528352566
antibacterial function of herbal extracts on growth, survival and immunoprotection in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.this study examined the effects of an herbal extract composed of nine herbs i.e aloe vera, andrographis pariculata, annona squamosa, azadirachta indica, citrus aurantifolia, coriandrum sativum, ocimum sanctum, ollium cepa and psidium guajava on growth, survival rate and immunoprotection against pathogenic vibrio harveyi in the tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. the petroleum ether, methanol and n-hexen extracts of different herbal plants were selected, processed and thoroughly mixed in equal proporti ...201728365386
characterization of pmspӓtzle 1 from the black tiger shrimp peneaus monodon.spätzle is a signaling ligand in innate immune response that signals pathogenic infection via toll receptor and toll pathway into the cells for the synthesis of antimicrobial proteins. herein, three pmspӓtzle isoforms were identified in penaeus monodon, namely pmspz1, 2 and 3. the pmspz1 was chosen for detailed study. the pmspz1 gene was expressed in all nine tissues tested including the hemocytes, stomach, hepatopancreas, gill, lymphoid tissue, eyestalk, muscle, intestine and heart. its express ...201728400214
differential regulation of the lipoxygenase pathway in shrimp hepatopancreases and ovaries during ovarian development in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) are critical to the success of ovarian development in marine crustaceans, especially for domesticated species such as the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. these fatty acids are stored in a midgut gland called the hepatopancreas and subsequently serve as an energy source or are incorporated in yolk during ovarian development. pufas are known precursors of hydroxy fatty acids, including hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (he ...201728416387
dna double-strand break repair in penaeus monodon is predominantly dependent on homologous recombination.dna double-strand breaks (dsbs) are mostly repaired by nonhomologous end joining (nhej) and homologous recombination (hr) in higher eukaryotes. in contrast, hr-mediated dsb repair is the major double-strand break repair pathway in lower order organisms such as bacteria and yeast. penaeus monodon, commonly known as black tiger shrimp, is one of the economically important crustaceans facing large-scale mortality due to exposure to infectious diseases. the animals can also get exposed to chemical m ...201728431013
corrigendum to 'characterization of molecular properties and regulatory pathways of crustinpm1 and crustinpm7 from the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon' [dev. comp. immunol. 67 (2017) 18-29]. 201728483486
hematodinium spp. infections in wild and cultured populations of marine crustaceans along the coast of china.the parasitic dinoflagellate hematodinium spp. infects a broad range of marine crustaceans. its epidemics have impacted wild populations of various commercial fishery species around the world and the sustainability of mariculture in china. to study the epidemiology of hematodinium spp. in marine crustaceans along the coast of china, we conducted a broad survey of wild and cultured stocks of major crustacean species in 2013 to 2015. hematodinium sp. infections were identified in wild stocks of po ...201728492174
draft genome sequence of the luminescent strain vibrio campbellii lb102, isolated from a black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) broodstock rearing system.we report here the genome sequence of vibrio campbellii lb102, isolated from the broodstock rearing system of a shrimp hatchery in india. sequence analysis revealed the presence of effector toxins of the type iii (yopt, sharing 39% identity with yersinia pestis) and type vi (vgrg-3 and hemolysin coregulated protein of v. cholerae) secretion systems.201728522707
current status of viral diseases in indian shrimp aquaculture.the intensification of aquaculture has been unique in showing the overwhelming changes in global food production in the last 100 years. presently, it is playing a vital role in the economies of several countries. conversely, it is also to be noted that the progression of aquaculture has been the foundation of anthropogenic alteration of a gigantic hierarchy and hence not astonishingly, it resulted in spread and emergence of an increasing group of new unknown diseases. in india, penaeus monodon, ...201728523918
suppression of pmrab11 inhibits yhv infection in penaeus monodon.yellow head virus (yhv) is one of the most serious pathogens that causes worldwide shrimp production loss. it enters the cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and utilizes small gtpase rab proteins such as pmrab5 and pmrab7 for intracellular trafficking. in this study, molecular cloning and functional analysis of rab11 during yhv infection were investigated. pmrab11 cdna was cloned by rapid amplification of cdna ends (races). it contained two forms of sizes 1200 and 1050 bp distinct at the 5' ...201728527895
vaccination with multimeric recombinant vp28 induces high protection against white spot syndrome virus in shrimp.to improve the efficacy of wssv protection, multimeric (tetrameric) recombinant vp28 (4xrvp28) was produced and tested in comparison with those of monomeric vp28 (1xrvp28). in vitro binding of either 1xrvp28 or 4xrvp28 to shrimp hemocyte surface was evident as early as 10 min after protein inoculation. similar results were obtained in vivo when shrimp were injected with recombinant proteins that the proteins bound to the hemocyte surface could be detected since 5 min after injection. comparison ...201728545960
towards improved quality benchmarking and shelf life evaluation of black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon).an improved quality benchmarking and shelf life evaluation of freshly harvested black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) was pursued by combining sensory and chemical methods. this involved developing a quality index method (qim) to further assess both freshness and shelf life of the studied shrimp samples. the quality index included the use of trimethylamine (tma-n), total volatile basis nitrogen (tvb-n), histamine, and hypoxanthine, which were performed at scheduled times during the ten days of ic ...201728554630
genomic structure, expression pattern, and functional characterization of transcription factor e2f-2 from black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon).transcription factor e2f-2 is a regulator of cell cycle. researchers identified e2f-2 genes from yeasts to humans, but few reports investigated e2f-2 gene from black tiger shrimp. in the present study, we cloned e2f-2 gene from black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). full-length pme2f-2 complementary dna sequence measures 3,189 bp with an open reading frame of 1,371 bp. complete pme2f-2 genomic sequence (17,305 bp) of p. monodon contains nine exons, which are separated by eight introns. quantitati ...201728558060
characterization and function of a tachylectin 5-like immune molecule in penaeus monodon.tachylectin5a and its homolog, tachylectin5b both contain a fibrinogen-related domain (fred) and have been studied in horseshoe crabs, tachypleus tridentatus and carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and shown to be involved in host defense. here, we demonstrate the presence of tachylectin5-like genes in shrimp, penaeus monodon, designated as penlectin5-1 (pl5-1) and penlectin5-2 (pl5-2), which both contain a signal peptide and a single fred with an acetyl group and a calcium binding sites and they are b ...201728587859
involvement of a tachylectin-like gene and its protein in pathogenesis of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) in the shrimp, penaeus monodon.a shrimp disease, the so-called acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) is caused by a specific strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) and it has resulted in significant losses to the global shrimp farming industry. in our previous study, three of tachylectin-like genes were cloned and characterized from the intestine of penaeus monodon, designated as penlectin5-1 (pl5-1), penlectin5-2 (pl5-2) and penlectin5-3 (pl5-3). these three genes all contain fibrinogen-related domain (fred). the e ...201728655576
gene characteristics, immune and stress responses of pmprx1 in black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon): insights from exposure to pathogenic bacteria and toxic environmental stressors.peroxiredoxins (prxs) are ubiquitous, multifunctional and evolutionarily conserved enzymes that can protect cells from oxidative damage caused by ros and play a vital role in immune responses. here, a full-length prx1 cdna sequence (pmprx1) was isolated from penaeus monodon. the pmprx1 cdna was 951 base pairs (bp), encoding 198 amino acid polypeptides. the results of qrt-pcr showed that the pmprx1 mrna was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested and had a comparatively high expression level ...201728689775
a probiotic bacillus strain containing amorphous poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (phb) stimulates the innate immune response of penaeus monodon postlarvae.in this study, the phb-accumulating bacillus sp. jl47 strain (capable of accumulating 55% phb on cell dry weight) was investigated for its effects on the immune response of giant tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) postlarvae (pl) before and after the vibrio campbellii challenge. briefly, shrimp pl were cultured and fed with artemia nauplii enriched with bacillus sp. jl47. shrimp receiving the artemia nauplii without jl47 enrichment were used as control. after 15 days of feeding, the shrimp were chal ...201728709724
variable rna expression from recently acquired, endogenous viral elements (eve) of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) in shrimp.the viral accommodation hypothesis proposes that endogenous viral elements (eve) from both rna and dna viruses are being continually integrated into the shrimp genome by natural host processes and that they can result in tolerance to viral infection by fortuitous production of antisense, immunospecific rna (imrna). thus, we hypothesized that previously reported microarray results for the presence of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) open reading frames (orfs) formerly called 151, 366 and 427 in a ...201728709908
mercury and selenium levels, and their molar ratios in several species of commercial shrimp in japan regarding the health risk of methylmercury exposure.the japanese shrimp industry depends on importing shrimp from other countries. however, little information is available on mercury speciation and selenium (se) concentrations in commercial shrimp available in japan. the present study determined the concentrations of total mercury (t-hg), methylmercury (mehg), and se in the muscles (wet weight) of imported and domestic commercial shrimp from kumamoto and kagoshima prefectures to obtain information for assessing the risk of mehg exposure. the medi ...201728717110
recovery of protein hydrolysate and chitosan from black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) heads: approaching a zero waste process.shrimp heads are considered as a potential source for the recovery of many valuable components such as chitin, protein and carotenoids. in the present study, both protein hydrolysate and chitin/chitosan were recovered using combination of physical, biological and chemical treatments. shrimp heads were separated from liquid phase by a facile and efficient physical pretreatment. the liquid fraction was then hydrolyzed using formic acid and vacuum concentrated to obtain an astaxanthin-rich protein ...201728720940
binding of pmclipsp2 to microbial cell wall components and activation of the propo-activating system in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.clip domain serine proteinases (clipsps) play an important role in the prophenoloxidase-activating (propo) system. in the shrimp penaeus monodon, the clipsp pmclipsp2 has been previously shown to bind to microbial polysaccharides (lps and β-1,3-glucan) and likely activates the propo system. to reveal the binding site of the pmclipsp2 protein, the n-terminal clip domain (clip-pmclipsp) and c-terminal sp domain (sp-pmclipsp2) were separately cloned. the recombinant proteins were then assayed for t ...201728735961
molecular characterization of viral responsive protein 15 and its possible role in nuclear export of virus in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.a viral responsive protein 15 from penaeus monodon (pmvrp15) has been reported to be important for white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection in vivo. this work aims to characterize pmvrp15 and investigate its possible role in nuclear import/export of the virus. circular dichroism spectra showed that pmvrp15 contains high helical contents (82%). analytical ultracentrifugation suggested that pmvrp15 could possibly form oligomers in solution. a subcellular fractionation study showed that pmvrp15 w ...201728747797
efficacy of potential phage cocktails against vibrio harveyi and closely related vibrio species isolated from shrimp aquaculture environment in the south east coast of india.a diverse set of novel phages infecting the marine pathogenic vibrio harveyi was isolated from shrimp aquaculture environments in the south east coast of india. based on initial screening, three phages with a broad host range revealed that the growth inhibition of phage is relatively specific to v. harveyi. they were also able to infect v. alginolyticus and v. parahemolyticus that belonged to the harveyi clade species from shrimp pond and sea coast environment samples. however, the impact of the ...201728757045
screening and evaluation of local bacteria isolated from shellfish as potential probiotics against pathogenic vibrios.the present study was carried out to isolate, screen and evaluate potential candidates of local bacteria isolated from tiger shrimp penaeus monodon and slipper cupped oysters crassostrea iredalei as probiotics in shellfish aquaculture. a total of 144 of bacteria were successfully isolated from the intestine and stomach of 20 tails of healthy adult tiger shrimp p. monodon, while 136 were successfully isolated from the digestive tract, gills and inner shells of 10 healthy adult c. iredalei. the nu ...201628779740
modeling the combined effect of pressure and mild heat on the inactivation kinetics of escherichia coli, listeria innocua, and staphylococcus aureus in black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon).the high-pressure inactivation of escherichia coli, listeria innocua, and staphylococcus aureus was studied in black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). the processing parameters examined included pressure (300 to 600 mpa) and temperature (30 to 50°c). in addition, the pressure-hold period (0 to 15 min) was investigated, thus allowing both single-pulse pressure effects (i.e., zero holding time) and pressure-hold effects to be explored. e. coli was found to be the most sensitive strain to single-puls ...201728790979
prevalence, diversity and co-occurrence of the white spot syndrome virus, monodon baculovirus and penaeus stylirostris densovirus in wild populations of penaeus monodon in the philippines.the farming of the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon in the philippines relies on wild broodstock. pcr was thus used to determine the prevalence of white spot syndrome virus (wssv), monodon baculovirus (mbv) and penaeus stylirostris densovirus (pstdv) in a total of 178 shrimp from 6 geographically disparate locations where broodstock are captured for use in hatcheries. pcr amplicons were also sequenced to identify phylogenetic relationships of the virus haplotypes detected. shrimp from southeas ...201728792418
an essential role of rieske domain oxygenase neverland in the molting cycle of black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon.molting is an important process for development and growth in arthropods. in crustaceans, molt is regulated by ecdysteroids or molting hormones that are synthesized in y-organs. however, ecdysteroid biosynthesis pathway in crustaceans and its participating enzymes have not been well studied so far. in this study, a rieske domain oxygenase, the enzyme that acts as cholesterol 7,8-dehydrogenase by converting cholesterol to 7-dehydrocholesterol in the first step of the ecdysteroid biosynthesis was ...201728842223
effect of immune gene silencing in wssv infected tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.white spot syndrome virus, continues to cause huge economic loss to aquaculture industry. in the absence of effective therapeutics to control wssv, it is important to understand the host pathogen interaction at the molecular level. suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) cdna library was constructed which led to identification of several differentially expressed genes in response to wssv infection in penaeus monodon. the genes expressed in ssh cdna library of shrimp gill and gut tissues belo ...201728882801
transcriptome-based discovery of pathways and genes related to reproduction of the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon).the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) is an aquatic animal with considerable economic importance. poor reproductive maturation in captivity impedes sustainable aquaculture production of this species. this study aims to provide transcriptomic information on reproductive organs using 454 pyrosequencing technology. the transcriptome analysis of ovaries and testes revealed 41,136 transcripts with 20,192 contigs. we found novel sets of transcripts completing several important reproductive pathways ...201728899645
a multiplex bead-based assay for immune gene expression analysis in shrimp.here, we developed a 9-plex bead-based array as a tool to evaluate molecular effects on transcription levels of immune-related genes in the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). the bead array technology allows simultaneous detection of multiple target genes in a single sample, reducing time, labor and cost. the oligonucleotide probes were designed to target eight immune-related genes that involve in antimicrobial activity, melanization, pathogen pattern recognition proteins, lysozyme and one ho ...201728923715
characterization and expression analysis of a chitinase gene (pmchi-5) from black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) under pathogens infection and ambient ammonia-n stress.chitinases are crucial enzymes for crustaceans. previous researches had already revealed that chitinases play important roles in digestion, molting and defense against viruses. in the present study, a chitinase cdna was identified from black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) and designated as pmchi-5. the full-length pmchi-5 cdna was 2860 bp in size, containing an open reading frame (orf) of 1731 bp that encoded a protein of 576 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 64.8 kda. expression of ...201829100985
the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) mediates hematopoiesis through g1-to-s transition in chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis.cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), a family of cell cycle-related serine/threonine kinases, participate in various biological processes, and play crucial roles in the innate immunity. in the present study, a cdk2 (designed as escdk2) with a serine/threonine protein kinase catalytic domain was identified from chinese mitten crab (eriocheir sinensis). the full-length cdna sequence of escdk2 was of 2405 bp with an open reading frame (orf) of 909 bp. escdk2 shared 66%-81% sequence similarities with pr ...201829198777
a cytosolic sensor, pmddx41, mediates antiviral immune response in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.dead (asp-glu-ala-asp)-box polypeptide 41 (ddx41), a receptor belonging to the dexd family, has recently been identified as an intracellular dna sensor in vertebrates. here, we report on the identification and functional characterization of pmddx41, the first cytosolic dna sensor in shrimp. by searching a penaeus monodon expressed sequence tag (est) database (http://pmonodon.biotec.or.th), three cdna fragments exhibiting similarity to ddx41 in various species were identified and assembled, resul ...201829248385
identification of a clip domain serine proteinase involved in immune defense in chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis.clip-domain serine proteinase is an important serine proteinase family involved in many biological processes, which is only found in invertebrates. in the present study, the full-length cdna of a clip domain serine proteinase (designed as escdsp) gene was cloned from chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) technique. it was of 1488 bp with an open reading frame (orf) of 1134 bp encoding a polypeptide of 377 amino acids. there were a signal peptide, a ...201829305333
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