| effect of artemia franciscana on the removal of nickel by bioaccumulation. | the present study evaluates the feasibility of using artemia franciscana in reducing the ni concentration of synthetic wastewater by the process of bioaccumulation. metallothionein protein plays a key role in the uptake of nickel by artemia. artemia (brine shrimp) was exposed to an initial nickel concentration of 40 mg/l. gradual decrease of nickel was observed from 40 mg/l to 5 mg/l with a removal efficiency of 87.5%. the number of organisms were varied to determine the number for the maximum r ... | 2014 | 24975411 |
| reactive oxygen species generated by a heat shock protein (hsp) inducing product contributes to hsp70 production and hsp70-mediated protective immunity in artemia franciscana against pathogenic vibrios. | the cytoprotective role of heat shock protein (hsp70) described in a variety of animal disease models, including vibriosis in farmed aquatic animals, suggests that new protective strategies relying upon the use of compounds that selectively turn on hsp genes could be developed. the product tex-oe® (hereafter referred to as hspi), an extract from the skin of the prickly pear fruit, opuntia ficus indica, was previously shown to trigger hsp70 synthesis in a non-stressful situation in a variety of a ... | 2014 | 24950414 |
| group 1 lea proteins contribute to the desiccation and freeze tolerance of artemia franciscana embryos during diapause. | water loss either by desiccation or freezing causes multiple forms of cellular damage. the encysted embryos (cysts) of the crustacean artemia franciscana have several molecular mechanisms to enable anhydrobiosis-life without water-during diapause. to better understand how cysts survive reduced hydration, group 1 late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins, hydrophilic unstructured proteins that accumulate in the stress-tolerant cysts of a. franciscana, were knocked down using rna interference (rn ... | 2014 | 24846336 |
| effects of surface-engineered nanoparticle-based dispersants for marine oil spills on the model organism artemia franciscana. | fine particles are under active consideration as alternatives to chemical dispersants for large-scale petroleum spills. fine carbon particles with engineered surface chemistry have been shown to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions, but the environmental impacts of large-scale particle introduction to the marine environment are unknown. here we study the impact of surface-engineered carbon-black materials on brine shrimp (artemia franciscana) as a model marine microcrustacean. mortality was characte ... | 2014 | 24823274 |
| artemin, a diapause-specific chaperone, contributes to the stress tolerance of artemia franciscana cysts and influences their release from females. | females of the crustacean artemia franciscana produce either motile nauplii or gastrula stage embryos enclosed in a shell impermeable to nonvolatile compounds and known as cysts. the encysted embryos enter diapause, a state of greatly reduced metabolism and profound stress tolerance. artemin, a diapause-specific ferritin homolog in cysts has molecular chaperone activity in vitro. artemin represents 7.2% of soluble protein in cysts, approximately equal to the amount of p26, a small heat shock pro ... | 2014 | 24526727 |
| bird migratory flyways influence the phylogeography of the invasive brine shrimp artemia franciscana in its native american range. | since darwin's time, waterbirds have been considered an important vector for the dispersal of continental aquatic invertebrates. bird movements have facilitated the worldwide invasion of the american brine shrimp artemia franciscana, transporting cysts (diapausing eggs), and favouring rapid range expansions from introduction sites. here we address the impact of bird migratory flyways on the population genetic structure and phylogeography of a. franciscana in its native range in the americas. we ... | 2013 | 24255814 |
| removal of phosphorus from wastewaters by biomass ashes. | removal batch assays of phosphates from a synthetic wastewater (sww) and a pulp and paper mill wastewater (ppww) with two forestry biomass ashes were performed. the supernatants were not only chemically characterized but also the ecotoxicity was determined using two organisms: vibrio fischeri and artemia franciscana. the addition of fly ash and bottom ash to the sww in solid/liquid (s/l) ratios of 3.35 and 9.05 g l(-1), respectively, achieved removal percentages of phosphates >97% for both ashes ... | 2013 | 24225103 |
| determination of extremely high pressure tolerance of brine shrimp larvae by using a new pressure chamber system. | hydrostatic pressure is the only one of a range of environmental parameters (water temperature, salinity, light availability, and so on) that increases in proportion with depth. pressure tolerance is therefore essential to understand the foundation of populations and current diversity of faunal compositions at various depths. in the present study, we used a newly developed pressure chamber system to examine changes in larval activity of the salt-lake crustacean, artemia franciscana, in response ... | 2013 | 24224473 |
| high hatching rates after cryopreservation of hydrated cysts of the brine shrimp a. franciscana. | cysts of artemia franciscana are known to be extremely tolerant to uv and ionizing radiation, hypoxia, dryness, osmotic pressure, and temperatures. however, when cysts are hydrated, their resistance to extreme environmental conditions is markedly reduced, and they subsequently enter a developmental sequence. the hatching rate of hydrated cysts declined when they were rapidly frozen after a short period of hydration but slow freezing improved hatching rates after 6-h hydration (1.4 g h2o per g dr ... | 2013 | 21766150 |
| a case study to optimise and validate the brine shrimp artemia franciscana immobilisation assay with silver nanoparticles: the role of harmonisation. | brine shrimp artemia sp. has been recognised as an important ecotoxicity and nanotoxicity test model organism for salt-rich aquatic environments, but currently there is still no harmonised testing protocol which would ensure the comparable results for hazard identification. in this paper we aimed to design the harmonised protocol for nanomaterial toxicity testing using artemia franciscana and present a case study to validate the protocol with silver nanoparticles (agnps). we (i) revised the exis ... | 2016 | 26895539 |
| highly repetitive dna sequence in parthenogenetic artemia. | the study of the structural organization of the eukaryotic genome is one of the most important tools for disclosing the evolutionary relationships between species. artemia (crustacea, phyllopoda) offers a very interesting model for speciation studies. the genus, distributed all over the world, comprises both bisexual sibling species and parthenogenetic populations, exhibiting different chromosome numbers (diploidy, polyploidy, and heteroploidy). digestion of genomic dna of the parthenogenetic ar ... | 1991 | 1901366 |
| supplemental food that supports both predator and pest: a risk for biological control? | supplemental food sources to support natural enemies in crops are increasingly being tested and used. this is particularly interesting for generalist predators that can reproduce on these food sources. however, a potential risk for pest control could occur when herbivores also benefit from supplemental food sources. in order to optimize biological control, it may be important to select food sources that support predator populations more than herbivore populations. in this study we evaluated the ... | 2015 | 25349063 |
| mechanisms associated with cellular desiccation tolerance of artemia encysted embryos from locations around the world. | using differential scanning calorimetry we demonstrated the presence of biological glasses and measured the glass transition temperatures (tg) in dry encysted gastrula embryos (cysts) of the brine shrimp, artemia, from eleven different locations, two of which provided cysts from parthenogenetic animals. values for tg were highest, by far, in artemia franciscana cysts from the mekong delta, vietnam (vn), these cysts having been produced from previous sequential inoculations into growth ponds of c ... | 2011 | 21664479 |
| quantification of cellular protein expression and molecular features of group 3 lea proteins from embryos of artemia franciscana. | late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins are highly hydrophilic, low complexity proteins whose expression has been correlated with desiccation tolerance in anhydrobiotic organisms. here, we report the identification of three new mitochondrial lea proteins in anhydrobiotic embryos of artemia franciscana, afrlea3m_47, afrlea3m_43, and afrlea3m_29. these new isoforms are recognized by antibody raised against recombinant afrlea3m, the original mitochondrial-targeted lea protein previously reported ... | 2014 | 24061850 |
| maternal transfer of inorganic mercury and methylmercury in aquatic and terrestrial arthropods. | the transfer of mercury from females to their offspring plays an important role in mercury accumulation and toxicity during early development. to quantify the transfer of inorganic mercury and methylmercury from female arthropods to their eggs, the authors collected and analyzed brine shrimp (artemia franciscana), wolf spiders (alopecosa spp.), and their attached eggs from aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems at the great salt lake, utah, usa. essentially all of the mercury in both the female brin ... | 2013 | 23939924 |
| functional differentiation of small heat shock proteins in diapause-destined artemia embryos. | encysted embryos of artemia franciscana cease development and enter diapause, a state of metabolic suppression and enhanced stress tolerance. the development of diapause-destined artemia embryos is characterized by the coordinated synthesis of the small heat shock proteins (shsps) p26, arhsp21 and arhsp22, with the latter being stress inducible in adults. the amounts of shsp mrna and protein varied in artemia cysts, suggesting transcriptional and translational regulation. by contrast to p26, kno ... | 2013 | 23879561 |
| a laboratory and in situ postexposure feeding assay with a freshwater snail. | contaminant-driven feeding inhibition has direct and immediate consequences at higher levels of biological organization, by depressing the population consumption and thus hampering ecosystem functioning (e.g., grazing, organic matter decomposition). the present study aimed at developing a short-term laboratory and in situ assay based on the postexposure feeding of the freshwater snail theodoxus fluviatilis. a method to precisely quantify feeding rates was first developed, consisting of a 3-h fee ... | 2013 | 23733247 |
| molecular identification of microorganisms associated with the brine shrimp artemia franciscana. | prior research on the microorganisms associated with the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana, has mainly been limited to culture-based identification techniques or feeding studies for aquaculture. our objective was to identify bacteria and archaea associated with artemia adults and encysted embryos to understand the role of microbes in the artemia life cycle and, therefore, their importance in a hypersaline food chain. | 2013 | 23497541 |
| a first aflp-based genetic linkage map for brine shrimp artemia franciscana and its application in mapping the sex locus. | we report on the construction of sex-specific linkage maps, the identification of sex-linked markers and the genome size estimation for the brine shrimp artemia franciscana. overall, from the analysis of 433 aflp markers segregating in a 112 full-sib family we identified 21 male and 22 female linkage groups (2n = 42), covering 1,041 and 1,313 cm respectively. fifteen putatively homologous linkage groups, including the sex linkage groups, were identified between the female and male linkage map. e ... | 2013 | 23469207 |
| metabolic downregulation and inhibition of carbohydrate catabolism during diapause in embryos of artemia franciscana. | diapause embryos were collected from ovigerous females of artemia franciscana at the great salt lake, utah, and were synchronized to within 4 h of release. respiration rate for these freshly released embryos across a subsequent 26-d time course showed a rapid decrease during the first several days followed thereafter by a much slower decline. the overall metabolic depression was estimated to be greater than 99%. however, proton conductance of mitochondria isolated from diapause and postdiapause ... | 2013 | 23303325 |
| a gnotobiotic model system: the case of artemia franciscana. | | 2013 | 25141743 |
| effect of environmental factors on heritability and its biometrics of artemia franciscana vinh chau by mass selection of small sized cysts. | | 2013 | 25141698 |
| a revision of artemia biodiversity in macaronesia. | in a biogeographical context, the term macaronesia broadly embraces the north atlantic archipelagos of the azores, madeira, selvagens, the canary islands, and cape verde. the peculiar arid climatic conditions in some of these places have led to the development of marine salt exploitations, which can be counted among the hypersaline habitats of the brine shrimp artemia (branchiopoda, anostraca). parthenogenetic populations of this anostracan were described in the canary islands during the last de ... | 2012 | 23075404 |
| chlorine disinfection by-products in wastewater effluent: bioassay-based assessment of toxicological impact. | the potential ecological impact of disinfection by-products (dbps) present in chlorinated wastewater effluents is not well understood. in this study, the chlorinated effluent of traditional wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) and advanced water reclamation plants (awrps) supplying highly-treated recycled water were analyzed for nitrosamines and trihalomethanes (thms), and a battery of bioassays conducted to assess effluent toxicity. an increase in general toxicity from dbps was revealed for all ... | 2012 | 22981491 |
| biochemical studies on sphingolipids of artemia franciscana: complex neutral glycosphingolipids. | brine shrimp are primitive crustacean arthropodal model organisms, second to daphnia, which can survive in high-salinity environments. their oviposited cysts, cuticle-covered diapausing eggs, are highly resistant to dryness. to elucidate specialties of brine shrimp, this study characterized glycosphingolipids, which are signal transduction-associated material. a group of novel and complex fucosyl glycosphingolipids were separated and identified from cysts of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana ... | 2013 | 22890904 |
| intracellular localization of group 3 lea proteins in embryos of artemia franciscana. | late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins are accumulated by anhydrobiotic organisms in response to desiccation and improve survivorship during water stress. in this study we provide the first direct evidence for the subcellular localizations of afrlea2 and afrlea3m (and its subforms) in anhydrobiotic embryos of artemia franciscana. immunohistochemistry shows afrlea2 to reside in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and the four afrlea3m proteins to be localized to the mitochondrion. cellular locations a ... | 2014 | 25311474 |
| toxic risk associated with sporadic occurrences of microcystis aeruginosa blooms from tidal rivers in marine and estuarine ecosystems and its impact on artemia franciscana nauplii populations. | microcystis aeruginosa is a species of freshwater cyanobacteria which can form harmful algal blooms in freshwater water bodies worldwide. however, in spite its sporadic occurrences for short periods of time in estuarine waters, their influence on zooplankton populations present in these ecosystems has not been extensively studied. in this work, artemia franciscana was used as test organism model, studying mortality against several strains of m. aeruginosa with different degrees of toxigenicity, ... | 2013 | 23246722 |
| [isolation and identification of brine shrimp lethal activities from derris trifoliata]. | to study the brine shrimp lethal activities of the roots and stems from derris trifoliata. | 2012 | 23213734 |
| a short-term laboratory and in situ sediment assay based on the postexposure feeding of the estuarine isopod cyathura carinata. | in situ assays based on feeding depression have been proposed as sublethal assays able to assess immediate contaminant effects on key ecosystem functions, long before effects on life-history traits can be detected. the in situ peculiarities provide more realistic exposure scenarios than laboratory-controlled conditions, which is particularly relevant for estuarine ecosystems where environmental conditions are highly variable. in this context, we developed a short-term cost-effective in situ assa ... | 2014 | 25173058 |
| artemia biodiversity in asia with the focus on the phylogeography of the introduced american species artemia franciscana kellogg, 1906. | asia harbors a diverse group of sexual and asexual artemia species, including the invasive artemia franciscana, which is native to the americas. the phylogeny of asian artemia species and the phylogeography of the introduced a. franciscana from 81 sampling localities in eurasia, africa and america were elucidated using mitochondrial (coi) and nuclear dna (its1) sequences. according to a coi phylogeny, 6 distinctive genetic groups were recognized, with a complex phylogeographic structure among as ... | 2014 | 25019975 |
| seasonal alterations of landfill leachate composition and toxic potency in semi-arid regions. | the present study investigates seasonal variations of leachate composition and its toxic potency on different species, such as the brine shrimp artemia franciscana (formerly artemia salina), the fairy shrimp thamnocephalus platyurus, the estuarine rotifer brachionus plicatilis and the microalgal flagellate dunaliella tertiolecta. in specific, leachate regularly collected from the municipal landfill site of aigeira (peloponissos, greece) during the year 2011, showed significant alterations of alm ... | 2012 | 22819480 |
| decoupling elongation and segmentation: notch involvement in anostracan crustacean segmentation. | repeated body segments are a key feature of arthropods. the formation of body segments occurs via distinct developmental pathways within different arthropod clades. although some species form their segments simultaneously without any accompanying measurable growth, most arthropods add segments sequentially from the posterior of the growing embryo or larva. the use of notch signaling is increasingly emerging as a common feature of sequential segmentation throughout the bilateria, as inferred from ... | 2012 | 22765208 |
| selected morphological changes in artemia franciscana after ionizing radiation exposure. | nauplii of artemia franciscana were irradiated by the doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 kgy (60)co. dimensions of the body length, body width, intestine width, intestine epithelium width, and intestine lumen width, as well as the mutual ratios of dimensions were determined in 126 specimens. ratios of the body length/body width (3.98, 3.60, 3.59, and 3.45 vs. 4.13 of control group), and ratios of the intestine epithelium width/intestine lumen width (0.64, 0.52, 0.51, and 0.45 vs. 0.85 of control g ... | 2012 | 22673764 |
| recreating the seawater mixture composition of hocs in toxicity tests with artemia franciscana by passive dosing. | the toxicity testing of hydrophobic organic compounds (hocs) in aquatic media is generally challenging, and this is even more problematic for mixtures. the hydrophobic properties of these compounds make them difficult to dissolve, and subsequently to maintain constant exposure concentrations. evaporative and sorptive losses are highly compound-specific, which can alter not only total concentrations, but also the proportions between the compounds in the mixture. therefore, the general aim of this ... | 2012 | 22609739 |
| long-term lethal toxicity test with the crustacean artemia franciscana. | our research activities target the use of biological methods for the evaluation of environmental quality, with particular reference to saltwater/brackish water and sediment. the choice of biological indicators must be based on reliable scientific knowledge and, possibly, on the availability of standardized procedures. in this article, we present a standardized protocol that used the marine crustacean artemia to evaluate the toxicity of chemicals and/or of marine environmental matrices. scientist ... | 2012 | 22525984 |
| a freshwater amphipod toxicity test based on postexposure feeding and the population consumption inhibitory concentration. | consumption inhibition in natural populations, namely due to contaminants, may have direct and immediate effects on ecosystems, by hampering ecosystem key functions (e.g., organic matter decomposition, grazing), long before effects at the individual level (e.g., reproduction, growth, emergence) have time-delayed consequences at successively higher levels of biological organization. the present study aimed at developing a cost-effective (short and easy) toxicity test based on the postexposure fee ... | 2012 | 22189376 |
| male-female coevolution in the wild: evidence from a time series in artemia franciscana. | sexual conflicts are ubiquitous in nature and are expected to lead to an antagonistic coevolution between the sexes. this coevolutionary process is driven by selection on sexually antagonistic traits that can either be directional or fluctuating. in this study, we used dormant cysts of artemia franciscana, collected in the same population in three different years over a 23-year period (corresponding to ∼160 generations in this system), to investigate male-female coevolution in natural conditions ... | 2011 | 21967429 |
| diverse lea (late embryogenesis abundant) and lea-like genes and their responses to hypersaline stress in post-diapause embryonic development of artemia franciscana. | from post-diapause cysts of artemia franciscana, we defined fourteen lea (late embryogenesis abundant) and lea-like genes, including four novel members (afrlea1-5, afrlea3-5, afrlea3-like1 and afrlea3-like2), which were classified into four groups: g1, g3, g3-like (lea group3-like), and smp-like (seed-maturation-protein-like), based on their conserved and diversified sequence motifs and amino acid compositions among bacteria, plants, and animals. we also validated six representative genes based ... | 2011 | 21620991 |
| mechanisms associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in the animal extremophile artemia. | using differential scanning calorimetry, we demonstrated the presence of biological glasses and measured the transition temperatures in dry encysted embryos (cysts) of the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana. cysts from the following three geographic locations were studied: san francisco bay (sfb); the great salt lake, utah (gsl); and the mekong delta, vietnam (vn; these cysts were produced from previous sequential inoculations of sfb cysts into growth ponds). values for the glass transition tempe ... | 2013 | 21527815 |
| predictive modeling of selenium accumulation in brine shrimp in saline environments. | great salt lake, utah, is a large, terminal, hypersaline lake consisting of a northern more saline arm and a southern arm that is less saline. the southern arm supports a seasonally abundant fauna of low diversity consisting of brine shrimp (artemia franciscana), 7 species of brine flies, and multiple species of algae. although fish cannot survive in the main body of the lake, the lake is highly productive, and brine shrimp and brine fly populations support large numbers of migratory waterfowl a ... | 2011 | 21309076 |
| a postexposure feeding assay using the marine polychaete neanthes arenaceodentata suitable for laboratory and in situ exposures. | this study examined the suitability for the use of the polychaetous annelid neanthes arenaceodentata in a short-term sublethal bioassay based on postexposure feeding rate. quantification of feeding rate was determined by an approximately 1-h feeding period to artemia franciscana nauplii after a 48-h aqueous exposure. both lethality and feeding rate were assessed after exposure to cu and phenanthrene, with the cu results being compared with those available from similar studies that used the polyc ... | 2011 | 21298715 |
| potential heterogeneity in crustacean zooplankton assemblages in southern chilean saline lakes. | the chilean saline lakes are distributed mainly in the atacama desert in northern chile and the southern patagonian plains. the scarce studies are restricted mainly to northern chilean saline lakes, and these revealed that the main component in these ecosystems are the halophylic copepod boeckella poopoensis marsh 1906, or the brine shrimp artemia franciscana (kellog, 1906), and both species do not coexist. the present study consisted of field observations in zooplankton assemblages in southern ... | 2010 | 21180909 |
| stress-related proteins compared in diapause and in activated, anoxic encysted embryos of the animal extremophile, artemia franciscana. | previous work indicated similarities between diapause and anoxic quiescence in encysted embryos (cysts) of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana. that possibility was examined further in the present study through an immunochemical study of the following stress-related proteins in low speed supernatants and pellets: hsc70, artemin, p26, hsp21, lea group 1 protein and p8. changes in the amounts and locations of these proteins occurred during the initial period after release of diapause cysts from f ... | 2011 | 21147115 |
| truncation attenuates molecular chaperoning and apoptosis inhibition by p26, a small heat shock protein from artemia franciscana. | the small heat shock proteins (shsps), which prevent irreversible protein denaturation and inhibit apoptosis, consist of an amino-terminus, the canonical α-crystallin domain, and a carboxy-terminal extension. it remains difficult, however, to define shsp structure-function relationships and with this in mind p26, an shsp from the crustacean artemia franciscana, was truncated by deletion mutagenesis. wild-type p26 cdna and three truncated variants inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pc ... | 2010 | 21102656 |
| biochemical studies on sphingolipids of artemia franciscana: novel neutral glycosphingolipids. | neutral glycosphingolipids containing one to six sugars in their oligosaccharide chains have been isolated from cysts of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana. the structures of these glycolipids were identified by methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, gas-liquid chromatography, combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to be glcβ1-cer, manβ1-4glcβ1 ... | 2011 | 21062954 |
| toxicity evaluation of xanthorrhoea johnsonii leaf methanolic extract using the artemia franciscana bioassay. | the toxicity of xanthorrhoea johnsonii methanolic leaf extract was investigated using the artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. at 24 h, the extract produced an ec(50) of 361.0 ± 41.8 μg/ml, indicating that it was substantially more toxic than the pesticide mevinphos (1346.2 ± 80.1 μg/ml) and approximately 4 fold less toxic than potassium dichromate (87.1 ± 5.2 μg/ml). whilst potassium dichromate lc(50) values remained constant across the 72-h test period, these values decreased for the extract ... | 2010 | 20931073 |
| the structural stability and chaperone activity of artemin, a ferritin homologue from diapause-destined artemia embryos, depend on different cysteine residues. | diapause-destined embryos of the crustacean, artemia franciscana, accumulate large amounts of an oligomeric, heat-stable, molecular chaperone termed artemin, a cysteine-enriched ferritin homologue. in this study, cysteines 22, 61, 166, and 172 of artemin were substituted with alanines, respectively yielding artc22a, artc61a, artc166a, and artc172a. wild-type and modified artemins were synthesized in transformed bacteria and purified. as measured by heat-induced denaturation of citrate synthase i ... | 2011 | 20878295 |
| evidence for multiple group 1 late embryogenesis abundant proteins in encysted embryos of artemia and their organelles. | the presence of late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins in plants and animals has been linked to their ability to tolerate a variety of environmental stresses. among animals, encysted embryos of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana are among the most stress resistant eukaryotes, and for that reason it is considered to be an extremophile. the study presented here demonstrates that these embryos contain multiple group 1 lea proteins with masses of 21, 19, 15.5 and 13 kda. the lea proteins first ... | 2010 | 20719765 |
| biochemical studies on sphingolipid of artemia franciscana (i) isolation and characterization of sphingomyelin. | sphingomyelin was isolated from cysts of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana using qae-sephadex a25, florisil and iatrobeads column chromatographies. the chemical structure was identified using thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. the ceramide moiety of sphingomyelin consisted of stearic, arachidic, and behenic acids as fatty acids, and hexadeca-4- and heptadeca-4-sphingenine ... | 2010 | 20571930 |
| preparation and characterization of posttranslationally modified tubulins from artemia franciscana. | tubulin heterogeneity within eukaryotic cells is generated by differential gene expression and posttranslational modification of alpha- and beta-tubulin gene products, either as heterodimers or when polymerized into microtubules. the characterization of posttranslationally modified tubulins from the crustacean artemia franciscana is presented, although tubulins from other sources can be studied with these procedures. tubulin is prepared from cell free extracts by taxol-induced assembly and centr ... | 2007 | 18085221 |
| species-specific rflp pattern in the heat shock protein26 gene (hsp26): a single-locus tool for species identification and experimental testing of habitat-induced isolation in the new world artemia species. | the brine shrimp artemia (crustacea, branchiopoda), a paradigmatic inhabitant of hypersaline lakes, has molecular features to survive under stressful conditions, such as the p26 heat shock protein. we report the rflp fingerprinting pattern (four restriction enzymes) of a 217 bp fragment of exon2 of the hsp26 gene in six artemia franciscana and four artemia persimilis populations, the most genetically divergent artemia species co-occurring in latitudinal extremes of chile. the species-specific rf ... | 2010 | 21565017 |
| cloning and sequencing of tubulin cdnas from artemia franciscana: evidence for differential expression of alpha- and beta-tubulin genes. | tubulin is a heterodimeric protein composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin. in most organisms, they are encoded by multiple gene families whose members are subject to differential regulation. the objective of the work described herein was to better understand tubulin gene expression in the extremophile artemia franciscana to this end tubulin cdnas were cloned and sequenced. alphaat2, an alpha-tubulin cdna, differed by one nucleotide from alphaat1, a previously cloned artemia cdna. this change, possi ... | 2009 | 19935884 |
| how do animal mitochondria tolerate water stress? | the vast majority of animal species do not tolerate severe water stress, but the encysted embryo of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana is an exceptionally useful organism to investigate physiological mechanisms for enduring extreme environmental insults. any substantial reduction in cellular water poses a threat to survival. nevertheless anhydrobiotic animals survive virtually complete loss of cellular water. the mechanisms that govern "life without water" (anhydrobiosis) are still not well un ... | 2009 | 19907709 |
| possibilities of alternative generation ii biotests at artemia. | the meaning of alternative biotests is described and discussed. the paper also deals with the possible application of the developmental studies of the sea artemia franciscana nauplinus. five-day biotests including the validation criteria are described. the possibilities of the biotests are very wide. additionally to the standard applications in ecotoxicology, there is a possibility of modelling pharmacological experiments or monitoring the effects of ionizing radiation and the interaction with o ... | 2009 | 21217845 |
| characterization of a group 1 late embryogenesis abundant protein in encysted embryos of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana. | late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins are hydrophilic molecules that are believed to function in desiccation and low-temperature tolerance in some plants and plant propagules, certain prokaryotes, and several animal species. the brine shrimp artemia franciscana can produce encysted embryos (cysts) that enter diapause and are resistant to severe desiccation. this ability is based on biochemical adaptations, one of which appears to be the accumulation of the lea protein that is the focus of t ... | 2009 | 19370059 |
| high hydrostatic pressure tolerance of four different anhydrobiotic animal species. | high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) can induce physical changes in dna, proteins, and lipids, causing lethal or sublethal damage to organisms. however, hhp tolerance of animals has not been studied sufficiently. in this study, hhp tolerance of four species of invertebrate anhydrobiotes (the tardigrade milnesium tardigradum, a nematode species in the family plectidae, larvae of polypedilum vanderplanki, and cysts of artemia franciscana), which have the potential to enter anhydrobiosis upon desiccatio ... | 2009 | 19341346 |
| activation of an amp-activated protein kinase is involved in post-diapause development of artemia franciscana encysted embryos. | cysts of artemia can remain in a dormant state for long periods with a very low metabolic rate, and only resume their development with the approach of favorable conditions. the post-diapause development is a very complicated process involving a variety of metabolic and biochemical events. however, the intrinsic mechanisms that regulate this process are unclear. | 2009 | 19284883 |
| ametabolic embryos of artemia franciscana accumulate dna damage during prolonged anoxia. | encysted embryos of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana are able to survive prolonged periods of anoxia even when fully hydrated. during this time there is no metabolism, raising the question of how embryos tolerate spontaneous, hydrolytic dna damage such as depurination. when incubated at 28 degrees c and 40 degrees c for several weeks, hydrated anoxic embryos were found to accumulate abasic sites in their dna with k=5.8x10(-11) s(-1) and 2.8x10(-10) s(-1), respectively. in both cases this is ... | 2009 | 19251993 |
| hemolymph patterns of free amino acids in the brine shrimp artemia franciscana after three days starvation at different salinities. | the hemolymph pattern of free amino acids was examined in the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana (great salt lake origin). after one-month acclimation to 35 or 60 ppt salinity at 27 degrees c, the animals were transferred to 10, 35 or 60 ppt salinities to continue acclimation for 3 days without feeding at 27 degrees c. the osmolarity of one of the new media was raised by glycerol addition. in the hemolymph, 8 amino acids such as taurine, alanine, threonine, serine, lysine, glycine, arginine and l ... | 2007 | 17307373 |
| characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in the brine shrimp artemia (branchiopoda, anostraca). | the brine shrimp artemia is a complex genus containing sexual species and parthenogenetic lineages. artemia franciscana is native to america and its cysts (diapausing eggs) are used worldwide as a food source in aquaculture. as a consequence, this anostracan has become an invasive species in many hypersaline aquatic ecosystems of other continents. parthenogenetic artemia lineages occur only in the old world. ten and five microsatellite markers were developed to characterize two populations for a ... | 2009 | 21564689 |
| a gene catalogue for post-diapause development of an anhydrobiotic arthropod artemia franciscana. | diapause is a reversible state of developmental suspension and found among diverse taxa, from plants to animals, including marsupials and some other mammals. although previous work has accumulated ample data, the molecular mechanism underlying diapause and reactivation from it remain elusive. | 2009 | 19173719 |
| artemia is capable of spreading oocysts of cryptosporidium and the cysts of giardia. | the capability for ingesting and spreading the fixed oocysts of cryptosporidium and fixed cysts of giardia, two waterborne protozoan parasites, by artemia franciscana, a microcrustacean widely used as live diet in fish and shellfish larviculture, was demonstrated using differential interference contrast and immunofluorescence microscopy. our findings suggest the possibility that this microcrustacean could serve as a disseminating vehicle of both parasites in aquatic environments. | 2006 | 17123406 |
| life without water: expression of plant lea genes by an anhydrobiotic arthropod. | anhydrobiotic animals protect cellular architecture and metabolic machinery in the dry state, yet the molecular repertoire supporting this profound dehydration tolerance is not fully understood. for the desiccation-tolerant crustacean, artemia franciscana, we report differential expression of two distinct mrnas encoding for proteins that share sequence similarities and structural features with late-embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins originally discovered in plants. bioinformatic analyses supp ... | 2007 | 17109393 |
| influence of darkness on embryonic diapause termination in dormant artemia cysts with no experience of desiccation. | one of the environmental cues for artemia embryonic diapause termination (edt), the nature of which is barely understood, is the absence of light, although light-dark cycles (photoperiod) have been examined in inducing embryonic diapause. the influence of constant darkness (dd) on edt was investigated in laboratory-produced cysts of artemia franciscana. in a previous report (nambu et al., 2008. j exp zool 309a:17-24 ), we described a facilitated effect of pretreatment of dd (5-14 days) on edt in ... | 2009 | 19130602 |
| toxicity of diuron and copper pyrithione on the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana: the effects of temperature and salinity. | diuron and copper pyrithione (cupt) are two substances that have been used worldwide as alternatives to tributyltin (tbt) in antifouling paints for the protection of ship hulls. in this study their toxicity against the brine shrimp artemia franciscana is examined under several combinations of salinity and temperature using the lc(20), lc(50) and lc(80) values found for the 25 degrees c and 35 per thousand standard conditions. a significant interaction between temperature and salinity effects was ... | 2008 | 18988093 |
| parasegmental appendage allocation in annelids and arthropods and the homology of parapodia and arthropodia. | the new animal phylogeny disrupts the traditional taxon articulata (uniting arthropods and annelids) and thus calls into question the homology of the body segments and appendages in the two groups. recent work in the annelid platynereis dumerilii has shown that although the set of genes involved in body segmentation is similar in the two groups, the body units of annelids correspond to arthropod parasegments not segments. this challenges traditional ideas about the homology of "segmental" organs ... | 2008 | 18937853 |
| arhsp22, a developmentally regulated small heat shock protein produced in diapause-destined artemia embryos, is stress inducible in adults. | diapause embryos of the crustacean artemia franciscana exhibit extreme stress tolerance, a property thought to involve molecular chaperones known as small heat shock proteins. to further explore this idea, the structure, function and synthesis of arhsp22, an artemia small heat shock protein, were characterized. arhsp22 contains amino-terminal wxdpf motifs, an alpha-crystallin domain with a highly conserved arginine, and a carboxy-terminal i/vxi/v motif, all typical of small heat shock proteins. ... | 2008 | 18537825 |
| mitochondria in energy-limited states: mechanisms that blunt the signaling of cell death. | cellular conditions experienced during energy-limited states--elevated calcium, shifts in cellular adenylate status, compromised mitochondrial membrane potential--are precisely those that trigger, at least in mammals, the mitochondrion to initiate opening of the permeability transition pore, to assemble additional protein release channels, and to release pro-apoptotic factors. these pro-apototic factors in turn activate initiator and executer caspases. how is activation of mitochondria-based pat ... | 2008 | 18515712 |
| ecotoxicity and biodegradability of an alkyl ethoxysulphate surfactant in coastal waters. | alkyl ethoxysulphates (aes) are anionic surfactants widely used in numerous commercial and industrial applications. in spite of the high aes volume consumption a few data concerning the occurrence, fate and effects of aes in marine environments are reported in literature. the objective of this study is to evaluate the biodegradability and toxicity of aes in pristine sea water. ultimate biodegradation was studied according to the guideline 835.3160 "biodegradability in sea water" proposed by the ... | 2008 | 18304608 |
| brine shrimp bioassay: importance of correct taxonomic identification of artemia (anostraca) species. | despite the common use of the brine shrimp bioassay in toxicology, there is confusion in the literature regarding citation of the correct taxonomic identity of the artemia species used. the genus artemia, once thought to be represented by a single species artemia salina, is now known to be composed of several bisexual species as well as parthenogenetic populations. artemia franciscana is the best studied of the artemia species and is considered to represent the vast majority of studies in which ... | 2008 | 18214884 |
| arhsp21, a developmentally regulated small heat-shock protein synthesized in diapausing embryos of artemia franciscana. | embryos of the crustacean, artemia franciscana, undergo alternative developmental pathways, producing either larvae or encysted embryos (cysts). the cysts enter diapause, characterized by exceptionally high resistance to environmental stress, a condition thought to involve the shsp (small heat-shock protein), p26. subtractive hybridization has revealed another shsp, termed arhsp21, in diapause-destined artemia embryos. arhsp21 shares sequence similarity with p26 and shsps from other organisms, e ... | 2008 | 18095938 |
| mining ests to determine the usefulness of snps across shrimp species. | expressed sequence tag (est) libraries from members of the penaeidae family and brine shrimp (artemia franciscana) are currently the primary source of sequence data for shrimp species. penaeid shrimp are the most commonly farmed worldwide, but selection methods for improving shrimp are limited. a better understanding of shrimp genomics is needed for farmers to use genetic markers to select the best breeding animals. the ests from litopenaeus vannamei have been previously mined for single nucleot ... | 2010 | 20379886 |
| unique chimeric composition of the trehalase gene from brine shrimp, artemia franciscana. | to investigate the exon/intron structure of the artemia trehalase gene, four overlapping clones were isolated from a genome library derived from an inbred strain of crustacean artemia franciscana, and a 49 kb genetic area was re-constructed. the re-constructed area contained eight exons corresponding to the trehalase cdna sequence that we had previously reported [1]. comparative analysis of the artemia trehalase gene with other animal trehalase genes revealed the existence of conserved exon/intr ... | 2010 | 20232644 |
| improving the long-term storage of a mammalian biosensor cell line via genetic engineering. | the unique properties of mammalian cells make them valuable for a variety of applications in medicine, industry, and diagnostics. however, the utility of such cells is restricted due to the difficulty in storing them non-frozen for an extended time and still maintaining their stability and responsiveness. in order to extend the active life span of a mammalian biosensor cell line at room and refrigerated temperatures, we have over expressed genes that are reported to provide protection from apopt ... | 2010 | 20178117 |
| multiple gamma-glutamylation: a novel type of post-translational modification in a diapausing artemia cyst protein. | a highly hydrophilic, glutamate-rich protein was identified in the aqueous phenol extract from the cytosolic fraction of brine shrimp (artemia franciscana) diapausing cysts and termed artemia phenol soluble protein (psp). mass spectrometric analysis revealed the presence of many protein peaks around m/z 11,000, separated by 129 atomic mass units; this value corresponds to that of glutamate, which is strongly suggestive of heterogeneous polyglutamylation. polyglutamylation has long been known as ... | 2010 | 20170642 |
| expression and characterization of the jak kinase and stat protein from brine shrimp, artemia franciscana. | in this study, we isolated and characterized both jak and stat genes from artemia, artemia franciscana. although afjak showed only 19% identity (33% similarity) to the drosophila hop protein, afjak contained the characteristic jak homology domain (jh domain) from jh1 to jh7. on the other hand, afstat showed higher identity (30%) to drosophila stat (stat92e). the low identities of afjak and afstat to drosophila hop and stat92e suggest that jak and stat proteins are unique in each different specie ... | 2010 | 20156563 |
| sharp phylogeographic breaks and patterns of genealogical concordance in the brine shrimp artemia franciscana. | genealogical concordance is a critical overlay of all phylogenetic analyses, irrespective of taxonomic level. to assess such patterns of congruence we have compiled and derived sequence data for two mitochondrial (16s rrna, coi) and two nuclear (its1, p26) markers in 14 american populations of the hypersaline branchiopod artemia franciscana. cladistic analysis revealed three reciprocally monophyletic mitochondrial clades. for nuclear dna, incomplete lineage sorting was evident presumably as a re ... | 2009 | 20054480 |
| a proteomic study on postdiapaused embryonic development of brine shrimp (artemia franciscana). | encysted gastrula of brine shrimp (artemia, crustacea, and anostraca) provides an excellent model for studying molecular processes of diapause. we report a proteomic study on early molecular responses of artemia's postdiapaused cysts and found that dehydrated cysts actually store more proteins, in both kind and amount, than developing cysts. we identified 75 differentially expressed proteins over a course of cyst development, and also exploited ptms of dehydrate cysts. we further surveyed gene e ... | 2007 | 17907269 |
| relationships between physicochemical parameters and the toxicity of leachates from a municipal solid waste landfill. | landfills are used to dispose municipal solid wastes, and although on-site recycling in these places is an extensive practice in latin america, diverse pollutants are incorporated into the leachates. the objective of this work was to establish relationships between composition and toxicity of leachates from the landfill of the city of cartagena, colombia. leachates were characterized measuring cd, ni, hg, mn, cu, and pb concentrations, and physicochemical parameters including ph, conductivity, c ... | 2008 | 17714783 |
| energizing an invertebrate embryo: bafilomycin-dependent respiration and the metabolic cost of proton pumping by the v-atpase. | we examine herein the contribution of v-atpase activity to the energy budget of aerobically developing embryos of artemia franciscana and discuss the results in the context of quiescence under anoxia. (31)p-nmr analysis indicates that intracellular ph and ntp levels are unaffected by acute incubation of dechorionated embryos with the v-atpase inhibitor, bafilomycin a(1). bafilomycin a(1) also has no significant effect on oxygen consumption by isolated mitochondria. taken together, these data ind ... | 2007 | 17508337 |
| ampk alpha subunit gene characterization in artemia and expression during development and in response to stress. | amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) plays a central role in maintaining the energy balance of organisms under physiological and environmental stresses. here two ampk alpha subunit gene transcripts (named afr-ampkalpha1 and afr-ampkalpha2) from artemia franciscana were isolated and gene expression was characterized by semiquantitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). afr-ampkalpha1 was differentially expressed during artemia developmental stages as well as in response to st ... | 2007 | 17454967 |
| inbred strains of brine shrimp derived from artemia franciscana: lineage, rapd analysis, life span, reproductive traits and mode, adaptation, and tolerance to salinity changes. | inbred strains of the brine shrimp were developed from dry dormant cysts of wild-type artemia franciscana produced in the great salt lake, u.s.a. the established strains were named gsl2, 4, and 7. they were raised in 2% natural sea salt solution at 28 degrees c under a long-day condition, and fed on food sold for artemia. ovoviviparous offspring (free-swimming nauplii) in each brood derived from full sib (sister x brother) matings were used for succeeding generations. the ordinal number of the f ... | 2007 | 17409729 |
| identification of a novel dna methyltransferase 2 from the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana. | dna methyltransferase 2 (dnmt2) is a dual-specificity dna methyltransferase, which contains a weak dna methyltransferase and novel trna methyltransferase activity. however, its biological function is still enigmatic. to elucidate the expression profiles of dnmt2 in artemia franciscana, we isolated the gene encoding a dnmt2 from a. franciscana and named it as afdnmt2. the cdna of afdnmt2 contained a 1140-bp open reading frame that encoded a putative dnmt2 protein of 379 amino acids exhibiting 32% ... | 2007 | 17400496 |
| delayed onset of midline netrin expression in artemia franciscana coincides with commissural axon growth and provides evidence for homology of midline cells in distantly related arthropods. | although many similarities in arthropod central nervous systems (cns) development exist, differences in midline cell formation and ventral nerve cord axonogenesis have been noted in arthropods. it is possible that changes in the expression of axon guidance molecules such as netrin, which functions during commissural axon guidance in drosophila and many other organisms, may parallel these differences. in this investigation, we analyze this hypothesis by examining netrin accumulation during develo ... | 2017 | 17371396 |
| protein stability in artemia embryos during prolonged anoxia. | encysted embryos (cysts) of the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana, are arguably the most stress-resistant of all animal life-history stages. one of their many adaptations is the ability to tolerate anoxia for periods of years, while fully hydrated and at physiological temperatures. previous work indicated that the overall metabolism of anoxic embryos is brought to a reversible standstill, including the transduction of free energy and the turnover of macromolecules. but the issue of protein stabi ... | 2007 | 17301333 |
| gut reaction by heartless shrimps: experimental evidence for the role of the gut in generating circulation before cardiac ontogeny. | before the appearance of a functional heart in many invertebrate species, the assumption was that general body movements provide circulatory function. consequently, i investigated the frequency of gut movements in the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana, immediately post-hatch to the point when a functional heart appeared. prior to cardiac ontogeny, movements of internal musculature and gut provided pre-cardiac circulatory currents with the rate of gut movements increasing when swimming limbs were ... | 2006 | 17148293 |
| using an integrated approach to link biomarker responses and physiological stress to growth impairment of cadmium-exposed larval topsmelt. | in this study, we used an integrated approach to determine whether key biochemical, cellular, and physiological responses were related to growth impairment of cadmium (cd)-exposed larval topsmelt (atherinops affinis). food intake (artemia franciscana nauplii), oxygen consumption rates, apoptotic dna fragmentation (tunel assay), and metallothionein (mt)-like protein levels, were separately measured in relation to growth of larval topsmelt aqueously exposed to sublethal doses of cd for 14 days. ca ... | 2006 | 17083987 |
| knockdown of spalt function by rnai causes de-repression of hox genes and homeotic transformations in the crustacean artemia franciscana. | hox genes play a central role in the specification of distinct segmental identities in the body of arthropods. the specificity of hox genes depends on their restricted expression domains, their interaction with specific cofactors and selectivity for particular target genes. spalt genes are associated with the function of hox genes in diverse species, but the nature of this association varies: in some cases, spalt collaborates with hox genes to specify segmental identities, in others, it regulate ... | 2006 | 16934794 |
| comparisons of stress proteins and soluble carbohydrate in encysted embryos of artemia franciscana and two species of parartemia. | we compared stress proteins (p26, artemin, hsp70) and alcohol-soluble carbohydrates (asc) in cysts of artemia franciscana and two as yet un-named species populations of parartemia, the brine shrimp endemic to australia. the small stress proteins and molecular chaperones, p26 and artemin, previously thought to be restricted to artemia, and present in very large amounts in its encysted embryos (cysts), were also detected by western blotting in parartemia cysts, even though roughly 85-100 million y ... | 2006 | 16914339 |
| effects of copper, cadmium, and zinc on the hatching success of brine shrimp (artemia franciscana). | previous studies indicate that the hatching success of brine shrimp (artemia franciscana) cysts is surprisingly sensitive to ambient metal concentrations. these studies estimated median effective concentrations (ec50s) of 7, 5, and 28 microg l-1 for cd, cu, and zn, suggesting that the hatching end point for a. franciscana is the most sensitive tested to date for cd and zn in saline environments and comparable in sensitivity with the most sensitive tested to date for cu. furthermore, these data s ... | 2006 | 16897274 |
| characterization of the microtubule proteome during post-diapause development of artemia franciscana. | the microtubule proteome encompasses tubulin and a diverse group of proteins which associate with tubulin upon microtubule formation. these proteins either determine microtubule organization and function or their activity is influenced by microtubule association. to characterize the microtubule proteome in artemia franciscana, tubulin assembly was induced with taxol in vitro after 0 and 12 h of post-diapause development. proteins obtained by extraction of microtubules with 0.5 m nacl were electr ... | 2006 | 16631421 |
| functional and phylogenetic analyses of phenoloxidases from brachyuran (cancer magister) and branchiopod (artemia franciscana, triops longicaudatus) crustaceans. | arthropod phenoloxidases catalyze the melanization and sclerotization of the new postmolt exoskeleton, and they function in the immune response. hemocyanin, phylogenetically related to phenoloxidase, can function as a phenoloxidase under certain conditions. we investigated the relative contributions of hemocyte phenoloxidase and hemocyanin in the brachyuran crab cancer magister, using the physiological ratio at which they occur in the hemolymph, and found that hemocyte phenoloxidase has higher a ... | 2006 | 16501063 |
| posterior patterning genes and the identification of a unique body region in the brine shrimp artemia franciscana. | all arthropods share the same basic set of hox genes, although the expression of these genes differs among divergent groups. in the brine shrimp artemia franciscana, their expression is limited to the head, thoracic/trunk and genital segments, but is excluded from more posterior parts of the body which consist of six post-genital segments and the telson (bearing the anus). nothing is currently known about the genes that specify the identity of these posterior structures. we examine the expressio ... | 2003 | 14561635 |
| influence of temperature and darkness on embryonic diapause termination in dormant artemia cysts that have never been desiccated. | environmental cues for embryonic diapause termination (edt) were investigated in the laboratory-produced encysted dormant embryos of the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana. the cysts were spawned and kept throughout in a 2% sea salt solution. they were activated by various temperatures of the temperate zones or by continuous dark condition (dd), resulting in a state of edt, and were thereafter able to resume their subsequent development and hatch under appropriate conditions. the level of edt was ... | 2008 | 18030679 |
| comparative study on the environmental risk induced by several pyrethroids in estuarine and freshwater invertebrate organisms. | the acute toxicity of permethrin, resmethrin, and cypermethrin to four species of aquatic non-target invertebrate organisms, found in estuarine and freshwater ecosystems, was evaluated. artemia franciscana and brachionus plicatilis larvae, as estuarine organisms, and brachionus calyciflorus and thamnocephalus platyurus larvae, as freshwater organisms, were exposed for 24 h to concentrations of these pyrethroids, and the lc(50) values were compared. the freshwater organisms were more sensitive to ... | 2005 | 15788178 |
| estimate of the effects of ultraviolet radiation on the mortality of artemia franciscana in naupliar and adult stages. | the impact of different doses of artificial ultraviolet (uv) radiation on the growth stages of a marine zooplankton was investigated using laboratory microcosms. mortality percentages of naupliar and adult samples of artemia franciscana were recorded in relation to different uv doses (single exposure: 75, 150, 300, 600, 1,200, 2,400, 3,900, 7,800 j m(-2)) at specific observation times after exposure (24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h). the relationship between mortality percentage and uv dose showed sign ... | 2005 | 15703939 |
| ancestral role of caudal genes in axis elongation and segmentation. | caudal (cad/cdx) genes are essential for the formation of posterior structures in drosophila, caenorhabditis elegans, and vertebrates. in contrast to drosophila, the majority of arthropods generate their segments sequentially from a posteriorly located growth zone, a process known as short-germ development. caudal homologues are expressed in the growth zone of diverse short-germ arthropods, but until now their functional role in these animals had not been studied. here, we use rna interference t ... | 2004 | 15598743 |
| spatial organization and isotubulin composition of microtubules in epidermal tendon cells of artemia franciscana. | epidermally derived tendon cells attach the exoskeleton (cuticle) of the branchiopod crustacean, artemia franciscana, to underlying muscle in the hindgut, while the structurally similar transalar tendon (epithelial) cells, which also arise from the epidermis and are polarized, connect dorsal and ventral exopodite surfaces. to establish these latter attachments the transalar tendon cells interact with cuticles on opposite sides of the exopodite by way of their apical surfaces and with one another ... | 2005 | 15593343 |
| shell protein characteristics and vitellogenin-like proteins in brine shrimp artemia franciscana exposed to municipal effluent and 20-hydroxyecdysone. | we developed biomarkers to monitor the endocrine-disrupting potential of contaminants and municipal effluents in aquatic arthropods. artemia fransciscana shrimp were cultured and exposed to increasing concentrations of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20he) and solid phase (c-8) municipal effluent extract (mee) for 48 h at 20 degrees c. the levels of vitellogenin (vtg)-like proteins, alkali-labile phosphates in total proteins and acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity were determined in soft tissues. the level ... | 2004 | 15536059 |
| characterization of a cathepsin l-associated protein in artemia and its relationship to the fas-i family of cell adhesion proteins. | we reported previously that the major cysteine protease in embryos and larvae of the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana, is a heterodimeric protein consisting of a catalytic subunit (28.5 kda) with a high degree of homology with cathepsin l, and a noncatalytic subunit (31.5 kda) of unknown function. in the study reported here the noncatalytic subunit, or cathepsin l-associated protein (clap), was separated from cathepsin l by chromatography on mono s and found to contain multiple isoforms with pi ... | 2004 | 15479230 |