Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| nanoparticle silver coexposure reduces the accumulation of weathered persistent pesticides by earthworms. | although the use of engineered nanomaterials continues to increase, how these materials interact with coexisting contaminants in the environment is largely unknown. the effect of silver (ag) in bulk, ionic, and nanoparticle (np; bare and polyvinyl pyrrolidone-coated) forms at 3 concentrations (0 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg; ion at 69 mg/kg, 138 mg/kg, 276 mg/kg) on the accumulation of field-weathered chlordane and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene + metabolites (ddx) by eisenia fetid ... | 2016 | 27925275 |
| avoidance behavior of eisenia fetida in oxytetracycline- and heavy metal-contaminated soils. | to determine the behavior of oxytetracycline (otc) and heavy metals in soil, this study assessed the pollutant-induced avoidance behavior of earthworms (e. fetida) exposed to zinc (zn(2+)), lead (pb(2+)), and otc in soil. the results showed a clear avoidance response within 48h of exposure to the highest concentrations of pollutants. moreover, e. fetida was shown to be more sensitive to zn(2+) than to pb(2+) and otc. compared with otc alone, the net response of earthworms increased in the otc-zn ... | 2016 | 27665306 |
| multilevel ecotoxicity assessment of environmentally relevant bisphenol a concentrations using the soil invertebrate eisenia fetida. | bisphenol a (bpa) presents a serious threat to soil ecosystems, yet its effects on soil-inhabiting organisms are mostly unexplored. therefore, the impact of environmentally relevant bpa concentrations on a terrestrial model organism, the earthworm eisenia fetida, was assessed. animals were cutaneously exposed to 100nm and 10μm bpa up to 10days (10-d). next, a battery of biomarkers was used for ecotoxicological evaluation on a cellular, tissue and behavioural level. hplc analysis showed that afte ... | 2016 | 27450340 |
| does uptake of pharmaceuticals vary across earthworm species? | this study compared the uptake and depuration of four commonly used pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, fluoxetine and orlistat) in two earthworm species (lumbricus terrestris and eisenia fetida). l. terrestris are a larger species and often found in deep burrows whereas e. fetida prefer to reside near the soil surface. species burrowing habits and sizes may alter uptake by earthworms. all four pharmaceuticals were taken up into both l. terrestris and e. fetida tissue after 21 days expos ... | 2016 | 27443341 |
| effect of vermicomposting on concentration and speciation of heavy metals in sewage sludge with additive materials. | the aim of this work was to evaluate the total content and speciation of heavy metals (as, cr, cd, cu, fe, mn, ni, pb and zn) during vermicomposting of sewage sludge by eisenia fetida earthworm with different additive materials (soil, straw, fly ash and sawdust). results showed that the ph, total organic carbon were reduced, while the electric conductivity and germination index increased after a combined composting - vermicomposting process. the addition of bulking agents accelerated the stabili ... | 2016 | 27434304 |
| toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid towards earthworm and enzymatic activities in soil. | perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) is a widespread persistent organic contaminant in the environment that has recently raised much of regulatory and public concern. therefore, assessment of its ecological risk is a top priority research. hence, this study investigated the toxicity of pfoa to beneficial microbial processes in the soil such as activities of dehydrogenase, urease and potential nitrification in addition to earthworm survival, weight loss and pfoa bioaccumulation in two contrasting soils. ... | 2016 | 27329475 |
| antioxidant and gene expression responses of eisenia fetida following repeated exposure to bde209 and pb in a soil-earthworm system. | this study first adopted repeated treatment model to investigate stress responses in earthworms (eisenia fetida) following exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) and lead (pb), which are the mainly co-existed contaminants at e-waste recycling sites. we evaluated the impacts of bde209-pb on antioxidative enzyme (superoxide dismutase, sod; catalase, cat) activities, malondialdehyde (mda) contents and transcriptional levels of three target genes (sod, cat and hsp70), and further explored the ... | 2016 | 26971217 |
| study on the influential factors of cd(2+) on the earthworm eisenia fetida in oxidative stress based on factor analysis approach. | when earthworms are exposed to pollutants, their antioxidant system will have responses immediately. consequently earthworms are widely used to monitor various pollutants as a sensitive bio-indicator. however, there are a large number of indices associated with the oxidative stress response. finding out the key monitoring indices in the stress process becomes a practical demand of the pollution monitoring and warning process. factor analysis approach is a statistical method that uses a few facto ... | 2016 | 27219294 |
| optimal growth condition of earthworms and their vermicompost features during recycling of five different fresh fruit and vegetable wastes. | this study aimed to promote vermicomposting performance for recycling fresh fruit and vegetable wastes (fvws) and to assess microbial population and community of final products. five fresh fvws including banana peels, cabbage, lettuce, potato, and watermelon peels were chosen as earthworms' food. the fate test of earthworms showed that 30 g fresh fvws/day was the optimal loading and the banana peels was harmful for the survival of eisenia fetida. the followed vermicomposting test revealed lower ... | 2016 | 27184146 |
| oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in earthworm eisenia fetida at different di-n-butyl phthalate exposure levels. | recognized as ubiquitous contaminants in soil, the environmental risk of phthalic acid esters (paes) is of great concern recently. effects of di-n-butyl phthalate (dnbp), an extensively used pae compound to eisenia fetida have been investigated in spiked natural brown yellow soil (alfisol) for soil contact test. the toxicity of dnbp to e. fetida on the activity of superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, peroxidase (pod), reactive oxygen species (ros) content, and the apoptosis of coelomocytes and d ... | 2016 | 26982081 |
| sewage sludge toxicity assessment using earthworm eisenia fetida: can biochemical and histopathological analysis provide fast and accurate insight? | sewage sludge (ss) is a complex organic by-product of wastewater treatment plants. deposition of large amounts of ss can increase the risk of soil contamination. therefore, there is an increasing need for fast and accurate assessment of ss toxic potential. toxic effects of ss were tested on earthworm eisenia fetida tissue, at the subcellular and biochemical level. earthworms were exposed to depot sludge (ds) concentration ratio of 30 or 70 %, to undiluted and to 100 and 10 times diluted active s ... | 2016 | 26971513 |
| heavy metal variation and characterization change of dissolved organic matter (dom) obtained from composting or vermicomposting pig manure amended with maize straw. | a mixture of pig manure and maize straw was vermicomposted with eisenia fetida or naturally composted for 60 days; basic parameters, heavy metal variation, dissolved organic matter (dom) content, and its characterization were determined, aiming to explore different dynamics of dom characterization and heavy metal variation during composting or vermicomposting. the results showed that vermicomposting led to higher ph, tc, and available p but lower ec, tn, available n, and available k in the subst ... | 2016 | 26971511 |
| multibiomarker response in the earthworm eisenia fetida as tool for assessing multi-walled carbon nanotube ecotoxicity. | carbon nanotubes have received a great attention in the last years thanks to their remarkable structural, electrical, and chemical properties. nowadays carbon nanotubes are increasingly found in terrestrial and aquatic environment and potential harmful impacts of these nanoparticles on humans and wildlife are attracting increasing research and public attention. the effects of carbon nanotubes on aquatic organisms have been explored by several authors, but comparatively the information available ... | 2016 | 26892788 |
| survival, growth, detoxifying and antioxidative responses of earthworms (eisenia fetida) exposed to soils with industrial ddt contamination. | the survival, growth, activity of the biotransformation system phase ii enzyme glutathione-s-transferase (gst) and the oxidative defense enzyme catalase (cat) of earthworms exposed to the contaminated soils from a former ddt plant and reference soils were investigated, and compared with the corresponding indicators in simulated soil-earthworm system, unpolluted natural soils with spiked-in ddt series, to identify the toxic effects of ddt on earthworms and their cellular defense system in complex ... | 2016 | 26969436 |
| behaviors of n-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide ethanol (n-etfose) in a soil-earthworm system: transformation and bioaccumulation. | n-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido ethanol (n-etfose) is a typical precursor of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos). in this study, the behaviors of n-etfose in a soil-earthworm system, including biodegradation in soil and bioaccumulation and biotransformation in earthworms (eisenia fetida) were investigated. n-etfose could be biodegraded in soil and biotransformed in earthworms to several metabolites, including n-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamide acetate (n-etfosaa), perfluorooctane sulfonamide ac ... | 2016 | 26950632 |
| bio-optimization of the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio for efficient vermicomposting of chicken manure and waste paper using eisenia fetida. | the main objective of the present study was to determine the optimum c/n ratio for converting waste paper and chicken manure to nutrient-rich manure with minimum toxicity. six treatments of c/n ratio 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 (t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, and t6, respectively) achieved by mixing chicken manure with shredded paper were used. the study involved a composting stage for 20 days followed by vermicomposting with eisenia fetida for 7 weeks. the results revealed that 20 days of composting consid ... | 2016 | 27197657 |
| ddt degradation efficiency and ecotoxicological effects of two types of nano-sized zero-valent iron (nzvi) in water and soil. | nano-scale zero-valent iron (nzvi) has been conceived for cost-efficient degradation of chlorinated pollutants in soil as an alternative to e.g permeable reactive barriers or excavation. little is however known about its efficiency in degradation of the ubiquitous environmental pollutant ddt and its secondary effects on organisms. here, two types of nzvi (type b made using precipitation with borohydride, and type t produced by gas phase reduction of iron oxides under h2) were compared for effici ... | 2016 | 26598990 |
| effects of cry1ab bt maize straw return on bacterial community of earthworm eisenia fetida. | the eco-toxicological effects of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) maize on earthworm life-history traits were widely studied and the results were controversial, while their effects on earthworm bacterial community have been rarely studied. here, effects of two hybrids of bt maize [5422bt1 (event bt11) and 5422cbcl (mon810)] straw return on eisenia fetida bacterial community were investigated by the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gra ... | 2017 | 28104475 |
| effects of heat-treatment on the stability and composition of metabolomic extracts from the earthworm eisenia fetida. | environmental metabolomics studies employing earthworms as sentinels for soil contamination are numerous, but the instability of the metabolite extracts from these organisms has been minimally addressed. this study evaluated the efficacy of adding a heat-treatment step in two commonly used extraction protocols (bligh and dyer and d2o phosphate buffer) as a pre-analytical stabilization method. the resulting metabolic profiles of eisenia fetida were assessed using principal component analysis and ... | 2017 | 26893595 |
| oxidative stress of imidaclothiz on earthworm eisenia fetida. | imidaclothiz, a kind of neonicotinoid insecticides, is developed as a commercial pesticide in china and used for the control of sucking and biting insects, including aphids, whiteflies, beetles and some lepidoptera species as well. in recent years, more and more attention has been focused on the adverse effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on non-target organisms. in this study, inhibition effects of imidaclothiz and recovery capacity of molecular biomarkers (gst, ce, cat, sod and pod activity, ... | 2017 | 27612665 |
| effects of bifenthrin exposure in soil on whole-organism endpoints and biomarkers of earthworm eisenia fetida. | in this study, toxic effects of bifenthrin in soil on earthworms were evaluated by acute and chronic toxic endpoints combined with a set of biomarkers. bifenthrin was moderately toxic in 72-h filter paper test and low toxic in 14-d soil test. the exposure of earthworms to bifenthrin-polluted soil for 8 weeks showed that cocoons were inhibited by high dose of bifenthrin, and larvae were stimulated by low dose but inhibited by high dose of bifenthrin. furthermore, 28-d soil test on the responses o ... | 2017 | 27776237 |
| mercury toxicity to eisenia fetida in three different soils. | three different soils were spiked with 12 different concentrations of inorganic mercury (hg). sub-chronic hg toxicity tests were carried out with eisenia fetida in spiked soils by exposing the worms for 28 days following standard procedures. the toxicity studies revealed that hg exerted less lethal effect on earthworms in acidic soil with higher organic carbon (s-3 soil) where water soluble hg recovery was very low compared to the water soluble hg fractions in soils with less organic carbon and ... | 2017 | 27770329 |
| biochar amendment for integrated composting and vermicomposting of sewage sludge - the effect of biochar on the activity of eisenia fetida and the obtained vermicompost. | sewage sludge derived biochar (ssdb) was used as a supplementary material for municipal sewage sludge (ss) and wood chips mixtures (wc) treated by combined composting and vermicomposting. ssdb added to the mixture before composting resulted in significantly higher reproduction rate: on week 4 the number of cocoons increased by 213% when compared to the mixture with no biochar. on week 6 the average number of juveniles increased 11-fold in the mixture with biochar added before composting and 5-fo ... | 2017 | 27894039 |
| toxicological effects of dimethomorph on soil enzymatic activity and soil earthworm (eisenia fetida). | the objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the fungicide dimethomorph to soil microbial activity and the earthworm eisenia fetida. multiple biomarkers, namely, four soil enzymes (urease, dehydrogenase, invertase, and acid phosphatase), four earthworm biochemical indices (dismutase, catalase, cellulase, and malondialdehyde), and the transcriptional levels of both target genes (dismutase and catalase) were measured at 1, 10, and 100 mg kg(-1) after 1, 7, 21, and 28 days. the degra ... | 2017 | 27886533 |
| bioaccumulation and toxic effects of decabromodiphenyl ether in the presence of nanoscale zero-valent iron in an earthworm-soil system. | in this study, the bioaccumulation and toxic effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) (1 and 10 mg kg(-1)) were investigated in the earthworm eisenia fetida in the presence of different levels of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nzvi) (100, 500, and 1000 mg kg(-1)) in an earthworm-soil system. the results demonstrated that compared to single bde209 exposure, the addition of high levels of nzvi significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited growth and respiration, while increased the avoidance response of eart ... | 2017 | 27863305 |
| chemosensory cues alter earthworm (eisenia fetida) avoidance of lead-contaminated soil. | earthworms were shown to significantly avoid soils spiked with pb at concentrations lower than or comparable to concentrations that demonstrate significant effects for other endpoints. it was also shown that inclusion of a microorganism-produced volatile compound that attracts earthworms, ethyl valerate, decreased avoidance of spiked soils. these findings suggest that care should be taken when analyzing earthworm avoidance of soils in which microorganism communities are not controlled. environ t ... | 2017 | 27605240 |
| effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids on the acute lethality, accumulation, and enzyme activity of cadmium in eisenia fetida in a simulated soil solution. | in the present study, the effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids (lmwoas) on the toxicity of cadmium (cd) to eisenia fetida were investigated in a simulated soil solution. the lmwoas protected e. fetida from cd toxicity, as indicated by the increased median lethal concentration (lc50) values and the increased activity of superoxide dismutase. in addition, cd concentrations in e. fetida decreased dramatically in the presence of lmwoas. these results were likely because of the complexation ... | 2017 | 27605122 |
| responses of earthworms and microbial communities in their guts to triclosan. | responses of the earthworm (eisenia fetida) and compositions of associated microbial communities were determined after exposure to various concentrations of triclosan (tcs) for 7 d. concentrations of tcs were greater in intestines than in epidermis of earthworms, which suggested that earthworms accumulate tcs mainly by ingestion rather than by epidermic penetration. exposure to tcs caused a concentration-dependent increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (sod ... | 2017 | 27810239 |
| earthworms (eisenia fetida) demonstrate potential for use in soil bioremediation by increasing the degradation rates of heavy crude oil hydrocarbons. | crude oil contamination widely impacts soil as a result of release during oil and gas exploration and production activities. the success of bioremediation methods to meet remediation goals often depends on the composition of the crude oil, the soil, and microbial community. earthworms may enhance bioremediation by mixing and aerating the soil, and exposing soil microorganisms to conditions in the earthworm gut that lead to increased activity. in this study, the common composting earthworm eiseni ... | 2017 | 27979622 |
| uptake and bioaccumulation of pcdd/fs in earthworms after in situ and in vitro exposure to soil from a contaminated sawmill site. | uptake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs) was studied in earthworms collected from a sawmill site in sweden with severe pcdd/fs contamination (the hot spot concentration was 690,000ng teqwho2005/kg d.w.) in order to investigate the transfer of pcdd/fs from the site to the biota. pcdd/fs concentrations in the collected earthworms were compared to pcdd/fs concentrations in laboratory exposed earthworms (eisenia fetida), which were exposed to contaminat ... | 2017 | 27964988 |
| effects of rhamnolipid and microbial inoculants on the vermicomposting of green waste with eisenia fetida. | the effects of adding the biosurfactant rhamnolipid, the lignolytic and cellulolytic fungus phanerochete chrysosporium, and the free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium azotobacter chrococcum on vermicomposting of green waste with eisenia fetida was investigated. the addition of rhamnolipid and/or either microorganism alone or in all combinations significantly increased e. fetida growth rate, the number of e. fetida juveniles and cocoons, the population densities of cellulolytic fungi and azotobact ... | 2017 | 28122059 |
| allelopathic effects of volatile organic compounds from eucalyptus grandis rhizosphere soil on eisenia fetida assessed using avoidance bioassays, enzyme activity, and comet assays. | allelopathy has been identified as an underlying mechanism of detrimental environmental impacts within commercial plantations. eucalyptus spp. are known to generate huge amounts of volatile organic compounds (vocs) that can function as phytotoxins and thus inhibit other plants. in the present study, biochemical markers, including activities of acetylcholinesterase (ache) and oxidative stress enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (sod) and glutathione s-transferase (gst), were assayed to assess c ... | 2017 | 28113065 |
| effects of earthworms on nitrification and ammonia oxidizers in vermicomposting systems for recycling of fruit and vegetable wastes. | although it is known that earthworms enrich the nitrate content in their final products, the detailed mechanisms behind this are not well understood, and this is important for determining the agricultural value of vermicomposting. hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of earthworms on ammonia oxidization and to clarify the functions of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea (aob and aoa) during vermicomposting of fruit and vegetable wastes (fvws). for this, two dry systems using dry ... | 2017 | 27842968 |
| the biochemical and toxicological responses of earthworm (eisenia fetida) following exposure to nanoscale zerovalent iron in a soil system. | nanomaterials have increasingly gained a great amount of interest due to their widespread applications, while their potential impacts on invertebrates in soil lack thorough investigation. this study is mainly aimed at determining the acute and subacute toxicity to the earthworm eisenia fetida, induced by different levels of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nzvi) (100, 500, 1000 mg kg(-1)) in natural soils. the results showed that compared to the controls, exposure to 500 and 1000 mg kg(-1) of nzvi sig ... | 2017 | 27822688 |
| combined effects of chlorpyriphos, copper and temperature on acetylcholinesterase activity and toxicokinetics of the chemicals in the earthworm eisenia fetida. | in polluted environments organisms are commonly exposed to a combination of chemicals with different modes of action, and their effects can be additionally modified by natural abiotic conditions. one possible mechanism for interactions in mixtures is via toxicokinetics, as chemicals may alter the uptake, distribution, biotransformation and/or elimination of each other, and all these processes can be affected by temperature. in this study, the effect of temperature (t) on the toxicokinetics of co ... | 2017 | 27743795 |
| lysenin family proteins in earthworm coelomocytes - comparative approach. | sphingomyelin-binding proteins of the lysenin family were originally identified in earthworms belonging to the genus eisenia comprised of at least two distinct species, e. andrei and e. fetida, until recently considered subspecies or morphotypes of e. foetida (sic). in the present study the presence of lysenin and lysenin-related protein 2 (lrp-2, known also as fetidin) was detected in coelomocytes retrieved from all investigated adult specimens of e. andrei, and e. fetida. they were accompanied ... | 2017 | 27567602 |
| uptake and metabolism of 10:2 fluorotelomer alcohol in soil-earthworm (eisenia fetida) and soil-wheat (triticum aestivum l.) systems. | the behavior of 10:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (10:2 ftoh) in the systems of soil-earthworm (eisenia fetida), soil-wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and soil-earthworm-wheat, including degradation in soil, uptake and metabolism in wheat and earthworms were investigated. several perfluorocarboxylic acids (pfcas) as degradation products of 10:2 ftoh were identified in the soil, plant and earthworms. 10:2 ftoh could be biodegraded to perfluorooctanoate (pfoa), perfluorononanate (pfna) and perfluorodecanoate ... | 2017 | 27639617 |
| differential protein expression and localization of cyp450 enzymes in three species of earthworm; is this a reflection of environmental adaptation? | cytochrome p450 (cyp450) is a hemoprotein superfamily, among which cyp1, cyp2 and cyp3 play a major role in the metabolism of vast array of xenobiotics and endobiotics. this paper reports on three cyp enzyme variants (cyp1a2, cyp2e1 and cyp3a4) in three species of earthworm (eisenia fetida, metaphire guillelmi and amynthas carnosus). the relative expression levels and localization of the three associated proteins were investigated at three life-cycle points (juvenile, sub-adult and adult), throu ... | 2017 | 28038420 |
| biomarkers indicate mixture toxicities of fluorene and phenanthrene with endosulfan toward earthworm (eisenia fetida). | α-endosulfan and some polycyclic aromatic compounds (pahs) are persistent in the environment and can reach crop products via contaminated agricultural soils. they may even be present as mixtures in the soil and induce mixture toxicity in soil organisms such as earthworms. in this study, the combined toxicities of pahs with α-endosulfan were determined in eisenia fetida adults using an artificial soil system. α-endosulfan and five pahs were tested for their acute toxicity toward e. fetida in arti ... | 2017 | 27696228 |
| effects of the amendment of biochars and carbon nanotubes on the bioavailability of hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) in soil to ecologically different species of earthworms. | biochar is a promising material used in soil amendment and carbon nanotubes may enter soil due to its increasing application. these carbonaceous materials may change the bioavailability of pollutants in soil. in this concern, 0.5% w/w multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) and 3 corn-straw biochars acquired at different pyrolyzing temperatures were used in soil amendment and their influences on the bioavailability of hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds), a brominated flame retardant, to 2 ecologicall ... | 2017 | 28057373 |
| the response of earthworms (eisenia fetida) and soil microbes to the crumb rubber material used in artificial turf fields. | municipalities have been replacing grass fields with artificial turf, which uses crumb rubber infill made from recycled tires. crumb rubber contains hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and heavy metals. water runoff from crumb rubber fields contains heavy metals. these components can damage the environment. we contaminated topsoil with new crumb rubber and measured its impact on earthworms and soil microbes. specifically, we compared soil microbe activity and earthworm health, survivorship, and lon ... | 2017 | 28142114 |
| combined toxicity of imidacloprid and three insecticides to the earthworm, eisenia fetida (annelida, oligochaeta). | although the earthworm eisenia fetida has been used in many ecotoxicological studies in recent years, most of these studies have only focused on assessing the effects of individual insecticides. in the present study, we aimed to compare the individual and combined toxic effects of imidacloprid and three insecticides (phoxim, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin) on e. fetida. we showed that imidacloprid had the highest intrinsic toxicity to the worms in filter paper contact test, followed by pho ... | 2017 | 28210953 |
| toxicological effects of aflatoxin b1 on the earthworm eisenia fetida as determined in a contact paper test. | in this study, aflatoxin b1 (afb1) toxicity toward the earthworm eisenia fetida (savigny 1826) was evaluated in contact paper test systems containing distilled water and ethanol or 20 to 400 μg/ml of afb1 over 72 h of exposure. the results indicated that afb1 could induce significant damage to earthworms (coiling, curling, excessive mucus secretion, clitellum swelling) at greater than 75 μg/ml. moreover, afb1 had harmful effects on e. fetida (degenerative changes such as bulging of the clitella ... | 2017 | 28083735 |
| evaluation of complex toxicity of canbon nanotubes and sodium pentachlorophenol based on earthworm coelomocytes test. | as a standard testing organism in soil ecosystems, the earthworm eisenia fetida has been used widely in toxicity studies. however, tests at the individual level are time- and animal-consuming, with limited sensitivity. earthworm coelomocytes are important for the assimilation and elimination of exogenous compounds and play a key role in the processes of phagocytosis and inflammation. in this study, we explored an optimal condition to culture coelomocytes of e. fetida in vitro and investigated th ... | 2017 | 28125623 |
| evaluation of combined noxious effects of siduron and cadmium on the earthworm eisenia fetida. | environmental contaminants do not often occur as individual chemicals but rather in complex mixtures whose joint effects can create a strong toxicity to surrounding organisms. to determine the combined harmful effects of siduron (herbicide) and cadmium (heavy metal) toward eisenia fetida earthworms, samples of worm's coelomocytes were subjected to siduron and cadmium (cd) at sublethal concentrations (lower than lc50)-siduron 0, 0.8, 2.4, and 7.2 μg cm(-2) cd 0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 μg cm(-2) in fil ... | 2017 | 28013463 |
| management of food and vegetable processing waste spiked with buffalo waste using earthworms (eisenia fetida). | the present investigation was focused on the vermicomposting of food and vegetable processing waste (vw) mixed with buffalo dung (bw) under laboratory condition employing eisenia fetida earthworm species. four different proportions of vw and bw were prepared and subjected to vermicomposting after 3 weeks of pre-composting. after vermicomposting, nitrogen (7.82-20.73 g/kg), total available phosphate (4.80-11.74 g/kg) and total potassium (7.43-12.75 g/kg) content increased significantly as compare ... | 2017 | 28130724 |
| life cycle toxicity assessment of earthworms exposed to cadmium-contaminated soils. | cadmium (cd) is of great concern in the soil environment and it can damage terrestrial organisms. the purpose of this study was to employ a toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic (tk/td) approach to investigate the effects of toxicologically relevant cd accumulation on the life cycle growth of earthworms (lumbricus rubellus and eisenia fetida) and to assess potential terrestrial ecosystem risk. we reanalyzed growth toxicity and whole body and pellet accumulation data linked with tk/td and life cycle growth ... | 2017 | 28130694 |
| mixture toxicity of four commonly used pesticides at different effect levels to the epigeic earthworm, eisenia fetida. | as commonly used pesticides, chlorpyrifos (cpf), fenobucarb (fen), clothianidin (clo) and acetochlor (ace) are widely applied on crops worldwide. in this study, the combined toxicities of their binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures were evaluated using the earthworm eisenia fetida as test organism. mixture toxicities were studied using the combination index (ci) method and visualized by isobolograms, and then data were compared with traditional concentration addition (ca) and independent actio ... | 2017 | 28384501 |
| a brief review and evaluation of earthworm biomarkers in soil pollution assessment. | earthworm biomarker response to pollutants has been widely investigated in the assessment of soil pollution. however, whether and how the earthworm biomarker-approach can be actually applied to soil pollution assessment is still a controversial issue. this review is concerned about the following points: 1. despite much debate, biomarker is valuable to ecotoxicology and biomarker approach has been properly used in different fields. earthworm biomarker might be used in different scenarios such as ... | 2017 | 28382452 |
| effects of silver nanoparticles on survival, biomass change and avoidance behaviour of the endogeic earthworm allolobophora chlorotica. | increasing commercial application of silver nanoparticles (ag np) and subsequent presence in wastewater and sewage sludge has raised concerns regarding their effects in the aquatic and terrestrial environment. several studies have employed standardised acute and chronic earthworm-based tests to establish the toxicological effects of ag np within soil. these studies have relied heavily on the use of epigiec earthworm species which may have limited ecological relevance in mineral soil. this study ... | 2017 | 28319860 |
| toxicity effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate to eisenia fetida at enzyme, cellular and genetic levels. | di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dehp) is a dominant phthalic acid ester (pae) that has aroused public concern due to its resistance to degradation and its toxicity as an endocrine-disrupting compound. effects of different concentrations of dehp on eisenia fetida in spiked natural soil have been studied in the body of the earthworm by means of soil cultivation tests 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after exposure. the results indicated that, in general, superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, malondialdehyde (mda ... | 2017 | 28319143 |
| responses to silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate in a battery of biomarkers measured in coelomocytes and in target tissues of eisenia fetida earthworms. | the current use and development of applications with silver nanoparticles (ag nps) could lead to potential inputs of these nps to soils. consequently, it is crucial to understand the ecotoxicological risks posed by ag nps in the terrestrial compartment. in the present investigation, the effects produced by pvp-pei coated ag nps were assessed in eisenia fetida earthworms in comparison with the soluble form (agno3). earthworms were exposed for 1, 3 and 14 days to a range of sublethal concentration ... | 2017 | 28314142 |
| comparison of vermicompost characteristics produced from sewage sludge of wood and paper industry and household solid wastes. | the aim of this study was to determine the potential of produced compost from the sludge of wastewater treatment plant using earthworms and compare it with the vermicompost produced from household solid waste. | 2017 | 28286658 |
| organic wastes as soil amendments - effects assessment towards soil invertebrates. | using organic wastes, as soil amendments, is an important alternative to landfilling with benefits to soil structure, water retention, soil nutrient and organic matter concentrations. however, this practice should be monitored for its environmental risk due to the frequent presence, of noxious substances to soil organisms. to evaluate the potential of eight organic wastes with different origins, as soil amendments, reproduction tests with four soil invertebrate species (folsomia candida, enchytr ... | 2017 | 28279835 |
| proposed modification to avoidance test with eisenia fetida to assess metal toxicity in agricultural soils affected by mining activities. | use of avoidance tests is a quick and cost-effective method of assessing contaminants in soils. one option for assessing earthworm avoidance behavior is a two-section test, which consists of earthworms being given the choice to move between a test soil and a control substrate. for ecological relevance, tested soils should be field-contaminated soils. for practical reasons, artificial soils are commonly used as the control substrate. interpretation of the test results compromised when the test so ... | 2017 | 28267652 |
| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bioavailability in industrial and agricultural soils: linking spme and tenax extraction with bioassays. | the aims of this study were to evaluate the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in industrial and agricultural soils using chemical methods and a bioassay, and to study the relationships between the methods. this was conducted by comparing the quantities of pahs extracted from two manufactured gas plant (mgp) soils and an agricultural soil with low level contamination by solid-phase micro-extraction (spme) and tenax-ta extraction with the quantities taken up by the earthwo ... | 2017 | 28260684 |
| biochemical and genetic toxicity of dinotefuran on earthworms (eisenia fetida). | dinotefuran is a third-generation neonicotinoid insecticide, that is considered promising due to its excellent properties. in the present work, the biochemical and genetic toxicity of dinotefuran on earthworms were evaluated at a series of environmental background concentrations. meanwhile, the effective concentrations of dinotefuran in artificial soil during the entire exposure period were monitored. the present results showed that dinotefuran was stable in artificial soil, and its concentratio ... | 2017 | 28260655 |
| de novo transcriptome assembly, functional annotation and differential gene expression analysis of juvenile and adult e. fetida, a model oligochaete used in ecotoxicological studies. | earthworms are sensitive to toxic chemicals present in the soil and so are useful indicator organisms for soil health. eisenia fetida are commonly used in ecotoxicological studies; therefore the assembly of a baseline transcriptome is important for subsequent analyses exploring the impact of toxin exposure on genome wide gene expression. | 2017 | 28241869 |
| distribution, isomerization and enantiomer selectivity of hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) diastereoisomers in different tissue and subcellular fractions of earthworms. | in this study, earthworms eisenia fetida (e. fetida) were exposed to a soil artificially contaminated with individual hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) diastereoisomers (α-, β- and γ-hbcds) to investigate the distribution, isomerization and enantiomer selectivity of hbcds at tissue and subcellular levels. at the tissue level, the concentrations of hbcds all followed the order of gut>bodyfluid>body wall, which suggested that earthworms accumulated hbcds mainly via ingesting soil particles. at the sub ... | 2017 | 28183046 |
| earthworms change the quantity and composition of dissolved organic carbon and reduce greenhouse gas emissions during composting. | dissolved organic carbon (doc) has recently been proposed as an indicator of compost stability. we assessed the earthworms' effect on doc content and composition during composting, and linked compost stability to greenhouse gas emissions and feeding ratio. earthworms reduced total doc content, indicating larger stability of vermicompost than of thermophilic compost. the concentrations of humic acid and fulvic acid were reduced by earthworms, whereas there was no significant effect on hydrophobic ... | 2017 | 28228360 |
| the effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids on copper toxicity in e. fetida in an acute exposure system. | in the present study, the effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids (oas) on the toxicity of copper (cu) to the earthworm eisenia fetida (e. fetida) were investigated in a simulated soil solution. we exposed e. fetida to soil solution containing cu and a variety of oas (acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and edta). we found that the addition of oas reduced the toxicity of cu to e. fetida, where the reduction was strongest in edta and weakest in acetic acid. these compounds decreased the ... | 2017 | 28214934 |
| nutrient changes and biodynamics of eisenia fetida during vermicomposting of water lettuce (pistia sp.) biomass: a noxious weed of aquatic system. | this paper reports the results of vermicomposting of water lettuce biomass (wl) spiked with cow dung at ratios of 20, 40, 60, and 80 % employing eisenia fetida. a total of four treatments were established and changes in chemical properties of mixtures were observed. vermicomposting caused a decrease in ph, toc, volatile solids, and c/n ratio by 1.01-1.08-fold, 0.85-0.92-fold, 0.94-0.96-fold, 0.56-0.70-fold, respectively, but increase in ec, totn, totp, totk, totca, totzn, totfe, and totcu, by 1. ... | 2017 | 27709429 |
| cloning and expression of a chitinase gene from eisenia fetida. | chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and is an important resource. in this study, we identified a chitinase gene, named eisenia fetida-chitinase (ef-chi) gene, of 1494 base pairs (bp) that encodes a protein of 498 amino acids as indicated by the corresponding mrna sequence. the amino acid sequence of ef-chi was similar to those of chitinases from eisenia andrei (99%), branchiostoma floridae (50%) and oryzias latipes (49%), and a gene encoding mature ef-chi was expressed in the ... | 2017 | 28373044 |
| addition of cattle manure to sheep bedding allows vermicomposting process and improves vermicompost quality. | animal waste is usually a good substrate for vermicomposting. however, numerous animal husbandry systems use bedding that consists primarily of lignocellulosic substrates, which hinders earthworm and microorganism's development and thus, the entire bioconversion process. one possible solution is to mix the used bedding with other waste materials that are more amenable to earthworm ingestion and can provide better conditions for earthworm population growth. here, we have aimed to examine the effe ... | 2017 | 28169054 |
| lethal and sub-lethal effects of triclosan toxicity to the earthworm eisenia fetida assessed through gc-ms metabolomics. | triclosan (tcs) is a ubiquitous contaminant in municipal biosolids, which has also been detected in soils and earthworms sampled from agricultural fields amended with biosolids. the goal of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of tcs to earthworms using a metabolomics-based approach for an improved interpretation of toxicity. toxicity of tcs was assessed using the oecd method 207 filter paper contact test measuring the endpoints of weight loss, mortality, and ten metabolites determined by gc- ... | 2017 | 27468629 |
| oxidative stress responses and insights into the sensitivity of the earthworms metaphire guillelmi and eisenia fetida to soil cadmium. | soil toxicological tests are commonly performed using eisenia fetida as the standard earthworm species, but it is tolerant to a wide range of pollutants. therefore, the inclusion of susceptible species is crucial for the accurate estimation of soil contamination. in this study, we examined the sensitivity to soil cadmium (cd) of anecic metaphire guillelmi and epigeic e. fetida by measuring multiple indexes of oxidative stress. using subcellular partitioning analysis, we further elucidated the in ... | 2017 | 27639467 |