Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| environmental assessment of depleted uranium used in military armor-piercing rounds in terrestrial systems. | depleted uranium (du) from the military testing and use of armor-piercing kinetic energy penetrators has been shown to accumulate in soils; however, little is known about the toxicity of du geochemical species created through corrosion or weathering. the purpose of the present study was to assess the toxic effects and bioaccumulation potential of field-collected du oxides to the model terrestrial invertebrates eisenia fetida (earthworm) and porcellio scaber (isopod). earthworm studies were acute ... | 2014 | 24549573 |
| effects of cadmium and lead on the life-cycle parameters of juvenile earthworm eisenia fetida. | juveniles eisenia fetida were exposed to cadmium (1-500µgcdg(-1)) and lead (20-2500µgpbg(-1)) for fourteen weeks in order to evaluate the impact on life-cycle parameters (survival, growth, sexual maturation, and cocoon production) and lipid peroxidation (expressed as concentration of malondialdehyde (mda)). both metals were found to significantly affect survival of the juveniles (fourteen-week lc50 296±125µgcdg(-1) and 911±164µgpbg(-1)) and alter their development. cd and pb severely affected th ... | 2014 | 24561241 |
| acute toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, sodium pentachlorophenate, and their complex on earthworm eisenia fetida. | laboratory experiments were undertaken to relate biomarker responses to the toxicities of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) and sodium pentachlorophenate (pcp-na), both individually and combined. the acute toxicities of mwcnts and pcp-na on earthworm eisenia fetida were studied through different exposure methods (filter paper contact test, immersion contact test, and artificial soil contact test). enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (mda) content in the earthworm e. fetida exposed to mwcnts ... | 2014 | 24562180 |
| soil acidification increases metal extractability and bioavailability in old orchard soils of northeast jiaodong peninsula in china. | the bioavailability of cu, zn, pb and cd from field-aged orchard soils in a certified fruit plantation area of the northeast jiaodong peninsula in china was assessed using bioassays with earthworms (eisenia fetida) and chemical assays. soil acidity increased with increasing fruit cultivation periods with a lowest ph of 4.34. metals were enriched in topsoils after decades of horticultural cultivation, with highest concentrations of cu (132 kg(-1)) and zn (168 mg kg(-1)) in old apple orchards and ... | 2014 | 24583712 |
| community-specific impacts of exotic earthworm invasions on soil carbon dynamics in a sandy temperate forest. | exotic earthworm introductions can alter above- and belowground properties of temperate forests, but the net impacts on forest soil carbon (c) dynamics are poorly understood. we used a mesocosm experiment to examine the impacts of earthworm species belonging to three different ecological groups (lumbricus terrestris [anecic], aporrectodea trapezoides [endogeic], and eisenia fetida [epigeic]) on c distributions and storage in reconstructed soil profiles from a sandy temperate forest soil by measu ... | 2013 | 24597228 |
| combined effects of oxytetracycline and pb on earthworm eisenia fetida. | combined effects of oxytetracycline (otc) and pb on lysosomal membrane stability and coelomocyte apoptosis of earthworm were studied in the paper. compared with control, the lysosomal membrane stability decreased and coelomocyte apoptosis increased in the treatments of single otc and pb contamination. as for compound pollution, combined effect of (5 mg/kg otc+50 mg/kg pb) treatment on earthworm lysosomal was synergistic (except 28 d). however, it was antagonistic at higher concentration of (10 m ... | 2014 | 24607684 |
| first evidence of the p-glycoprotein gene expression and multixenobiotic resistance modulation in earthworm. | multixenobiotic resistance (mxr) is an important mechanism of cellular efflux mediated by atp binding cassette (abc) transporters that bind and actively remove toxic substrates from the cell. this study was the first to identify abc transporter p-glycoprotein (p-gp/abcb1) as a representative of the mxr phenotype in earthworm (eisenia fetida). the identified partial cdna sequence of abcb1 overlapped with abcb1 homologues of other organisms from 58.5 % to 72.5 %. we also studied the effect of five ... | 2014 | 24622780 |
| evaluation of vermicompost maturity using scanning electron microscopy and paper chromatography analysis. | vermicompost was produced from flower waste inoculated with biofertilizers using the earthworm eisenia fetida. principal component analysis (pca) and cluster analysis (ca) were carried out on the basis of physicochemical parameters of vermicomposted samples. from the results of the pca and ca, it was possible to classify two different groups of vermicompost samples in the following categories: e2 and e5; and e1, e3, e4, and control. scanning electron microscopy and biodynamic circular paper chro ... | 2014 | 24634991 |
| identification of oscillatory firing neurons associated with locomotion in the earthworm through synapse imaging. | we used fm imaging to identify neurons that receive sensory feedback from the body wall in a circuit for octopamine (oa)-evoked rhythmic locomotion in the earthworm, eisenia fetida. we visualized synapses in which postsynaptic neurons receive the sensory feedback, by using fm1-43 dye to label the synapses of both motor and sensory pathways that are associated with locomotion, then clearing the motor pathway synapse labeling, and finally identifying the target synapses by distinguishing physiolog ... | 2014 | 24657777 |
| genotoxic assessment and optimization of pressmud with the help of exotic earthworm eisenia fetida. | genotoxicity of pressmud (pm) to allium cepa was investigated to assess its toxic potential and to elucidate the effect of vermicomposting to reduce its toxicity. the pm produced as a waste by product of the sugar cane industry was mixed with cow dung (cd) at different ratios of 0:100 (v₀), 25:75 (v₂₅), 50:50 (v₅₀), 75:25 (v₇₅) and 100:0 (v100) (pm:cd) on a dry weight basis for vermicomposting with eisenia fetida. different concentrations of 100% pm sludge extract (10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 10 ... | 2014 | 24671397 |
| characterization and transcription studies of a phytochelatin synthase gene from the solitary tunicate ciona intestinalis exposed to cadmium. | the major thiol-containing molecules involved in controlling the level of intracellular ros in eukaryotes, acting as a nonenzymatic detoxification system, are metallothioneins (mts), glutathione (gsh) and phytochelatins (pcs). both mts and gsh are well-known in the animal kingdom. pc was considered a prerogative of the plant kingdom but, in 2001, a phytochelatin synthase (pcs) gene was described in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans; additional genes encoding this enzyme were later described in ... | 2014 | 24727215 |
| short-term effects of dechlorane plus on the earthworm eisenia fetida determined by a systems biology approach. | dechlorane plus (dp), a chlorinated flame retardant, has been widely detected in environmental matrices, especially in sediment and soil. dp has characteristics similar to persistent organic pollutants. however, no toxicity data of dp on terrestrial invertebrate are available. in this study, earthworms eisenia fetida were exposed to 0.1, 1, 10, and 50mg/kg dp for 14 days. lethality, oxidative stress and damage, neurotoxicity, and transcriptomic profiles of e. fetida were assessed on day 7 and da ... | 2014 | 24751489 |
| napl migration and ecotoxicity of conventional and renewable fuels in accidental spill scenarios. | fuels derived from non-petroleum renewable resources have raised interest due to their potential in replacing petroleum-based fuels, but information on their fate and effects in the terrestrial and aquatic environments in accidental spill scenario is limited. in this study, migration of four fuels (conventional diesel, conventional gasoline, renewable diesel nexbtl, and ethanol-blended gasoline re85 containing maximum 85% ethanol) as non-aqueous phase liquids (napl) in soil was demonstrated in a ... | 2014 | 24764004 |
| toxicity assessment through multiple endpoint bioassays in soils posing environmental risk according to regulatory screening values. | toxicity profiles of two soils (a brownfield in legazpi and an abandoned iron mine in zugaztieta; basque country) contaminated with several metals (as, zn, pb and cu in legazpi; zn, pb, cd and cu in zugaztieta) and petroleum hydrocarbons (in legazpi) were determined using a multi-endpoint bioassay approach. investigated soils exceeded screening values (svs) of regulatory policies in force (basque country; europe). acute and chronic toxicity bioassays were conducted with a selected set of test sp ... | 2014 | 24819436 |
| genotoxicity in earthworm after combined treatment of ionising radiation and mercury. | this study was performed to investigate the acute genotoxic effects of mercury and radiation on earthworms (eisenia fetida). the levels of dna damage and the repair kinetics in the coelomocytes of e. fetida treated with mercuric chloride (hgcl₂) and ionising radiation (gamma rays) were analysed by means of the comet assay. for detection of dna damage and repair, e. fetida was exposed to hgcl₂ (0-160 mg kg(-1)) and irradiated with gamma rays (0-50 gy) in vivo. the increase in dna damage depended ... | 2014 | 24870361 |
| efficacy of bioconversion of paper mill bamboo sludge and lime waste by composting and vermiconversion technologies. | paper mill bamboo sludge (pmbs) and paper mill lime waste (pmlw) are extensively produced as solid wastes in paper mills. untreated pmbs and pmlw contain substantial amount of heavy metals (zn, pb, ni, cd, cr) in soluble forms. efficiency of vermiconversion and aerobic composting with these wastes is reported here. adopted bioconversion systems enhanced the availability of some essential nutrients (n, p, k and zn) in various combinations of cow dung (cd) with pmbs and pmlw. colonization of nitro ... | 2014 | 24873710 |
| exposure assessment to glyphosate of two species of annelids. | adult mortality, biomass, fecundity and viability of cocoons were studied in eisenia fetida and octolasion tyrtaeum, in response to glyphosate exposure in soil. exposure tests were carried out following usepa procedure, with five concentrations of glyphosate in soil and a control. o. tyrtaeum was more sensitive to the highest concentration of glyphosate (50,000 mg kg(-1)), with 100 % mortality by day 7 of exposure, compared with 71 % for e. fetida. although biomass of o. tyrtaeum was significant ... | 2014 | 24902650 |
| vermicomposting of tea factory coal ash: metal accumulation and metallothionein response in eisenia fetida (savigny) and lampito mauritii (kinberg). | earthworms can accumulate heavy metals in their intestines to a great extent. impact of feed materials and duration of metal exposure on natural activity of earthworms are rather unclear; this investigation therefore addresses the impact of metal rich tea factory coal ash (tfca) on reproduction, composting and metal accumulation ability of eisenia fetida and lampito mauritii. earthworm count and cocoon production increased significantly during vermicomposting. ph of the vermicomposted mixtures s ... | 2014 | 24907568 |
| ecotoxicological effects on the earthworm eisenia fetida following exposure to soil contaminated with imidacloprid. | imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, has been used widely in agriculture worldwide. the adverse effects of imidacloprid on exposed biota have brought it increasing attention. however, knowledge about the effects of imidacloprid on antioxidant defense systems and digestive systems in the earthworm is vague and not comprehensive. in the present study, the changes in the activity of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), peroxidase (pod), cellulase, reactive oxygen species (ros), and mal ... | 2014 | 24938817 |
| [effects of lead on the growth and reproduction of eisenia fetida with aged soils]. | in this study, effects of pb (no3)2 on the growth and reproduction of eisenia fetida were investigated with artificial soils. the results showed that: compared with the control group, the growth of e. fetida in contaminated soil was inhibited significantly with increasing pb (no3)2 concentrations. but there were great differences in the extent of inhibition after 0, 7, 28 and 84 days of aging in the artificial soils. the most obvious effect occurred in 1000 mg x kg(-1) and 1500 mg x kg(-1) exper ... | 2014 | 24946607 |
| effects of field metal-contaminated soils submitted to phytostabilisation and fly ash-aided phytostabilisation on the avoidance behaviour of the earthworm eisenia fetida. | the earthworm eisenia fetida avoidance behaviour test was used to assess the quality recovery of metal-contaminated soils from lands submitted for 10 years to remediation. soils were from plots located in the surroundings of a former lead smelter plant of northern france. metal concentrations in the soils ranged from 93 to 1231, 56 to 1424, 0.3 to 20 and 15 to 45.5mg metal/kg dry soil for pb, zn, cd and cu, respectively. several former agricultural plots were treated either by a single phytostab ... | 2014 | 24949898 |
| antioxidant responses of annelids, brassicaceae and fabaceae to pollutants: a review. | pollutants, such as metal trace elements (mtes) and organic compounds (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides), can impact dna structure of living organisms and thus generate damage. for instance, cadmium is a well-known genotoxic and mechanisms explaining its clastogenicity are mainly indirect: inhibition of dna repair mechanisms and/or induction of reactive oxygen species (ros). animal or vegetal cells use antioxidant defense systems to protect themselves against ros produced during oxid ... | 2015 | 24951273 |
| 1h nmr-based metabolomic analysis of sub-lethal perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure to the earthworm, eisenia fetida, in soil. | 1h nmr-based metabolomics was used to measure the response of eisenia fetida earthworms after exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) in soil. earthworms were exposed to a range of pfos concentrations (five, 10, 25, 50, 100 or 150 mg/kg) for two, seven and fourteen days. earthworm tissues were extracted and analyzed by 1h nmr. multivariate statistical analysis of the metabolic response of e. fetida to pfos exposure identified time-dependent responses that were c ... | 2013 | 24958147 |
| heavy metal behavior and dissolved organic matter (dom) characterization of vermicomposted pig manure amended with rice straw. | vermicomposting is an eco-friendly method for disposing of livestock and poultry manure. in addition, dissolved organic matter (dom) can serve as a carrier that enhances the migration and transformation of heavy metals. here, pig manure amended with rice straw was vermicomposted with eisenia fetida. the dom content, molecular weight distribution, and spectroscopic properties of the amended pig manure were measured before and after vermicomposting. the cu and zn concentrations in the earthworms i ... | 2014 | 24958537 |
| earthworm coelomocytes as nanoscavenger of zno nps. | earthworms can 'biotransform' or 'biodegrade' chemical contaminants, rendering them harmless in their bodies, and can bioaccumulate them in their tissues. they 'absorb' the dissolved chemicals through their moist 'body wall' due to the interstitial water and also ingest by 'mouth' while soil passes through the gut. since the advent of the nanotechnology era, the environmental sink has been continuously receiving engineered nanomaterials as well as their derivatives. our current understanding of ... | 2014 | 24959107 |
| optimization of eisenia fetida stocking density for the bioconversion of rock phosphate enriched cow dung-waste paper mixtures. | vermitechnology is gaining recognition as an environmental friendly waste management strategy. its successful implementation requires that the key operational parameters like earthworm stocking density be established for each target waste/waste mixture. one target waste mixture in south africa is waste paper mixed with cow dung and rock phosphate (rp) for p enrichment. this study sought to establish optimal eisenia fetida stocking density for maximum p release and rapid bioconversion of rp enric ... | 2014 | 24997095 |
| molecular and ultrastructural insights into the earthworm eisenia fetida of the assessment of ecotoxicity during colistin exposure. | colistin is a peptide antibiotic widely used as a feed additive in animal farming, especially in poultry and swine production, for treatment and prevention of gram-negative bacterial infections, as well as for growth promotion use. when orally ingested, colistin is poorly absorbed and is eliminated almost unaltered by the enteric canal into the environment. thus, risk of environmental toxicity cannot be ignored. in the present study, we examined the effects of colistin on heath shock protein (hs ... | 2014 | 24999182 |
| integrated assessment of oxidative stress and dna damage in earthworms (eisenia fetida) exposed to azoxystrobin. | azoxystrobin has been widely used in recent years. the present study investigated the oxidative stress and dna damage effects of azoxystrobin on earthworms (eisenia fetida). earthworms were exposed to different azoxystrobin concentrations in an artificial soil (0, 0.1, 1, and 10mg/kg) and sampled on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), guaiacol peroxidase (pod), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), reactive oxygen species (ros), and malondialdehyde (mda) content were m ... | 2014 | 25011117 |
| optimization of nru assay in primary cultures of eisenia fetida for metal toxicity assessment. | coelomocytes, immunocompetent cells of lumbricids, have received special attention for ecotoxicological studies due to their sensibility to pollutants. their in vitro responses are commonly quantified after in vivo exposure to real or spiked soils. alternatively, quantifications of in vitro responses after in vitro exposure are being studied. within this framework, the present study aimed at optimizing the neutral red uptake (nru) assay in primary culture of eisenia fetida coelomocytes for its a ... | 2014 | 25011921 |
| effects of soil organic matter content on cadmium toxicity in eisenia fetida: implications for the use of biomarkers and standard toxicity tests. | bioavailability is affected by soil physicochemical characteristics such as ph and organic matter (om) content. in addition, om constitutes the energy source of eisenia fetida, a well established model species for soil toxicity assessment. the present work aimed at assessing the effects of changes in om content on the toxicity of cd in e. fetida through the measurement of neutral red uptake (nru) and mortality, growth, and reproduction (organisation for economic co-operation and development [oec ... | 2015 | 25015731 |
| a multi-biomarker risk assessment of the impact of brominated flame retardant-decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) on the antioxidant system of earthworm eisenia fetida. | decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) is the major contaminant at e-waste recycling sites (ewrss), and its potential toxicological effects on terrestrial organisms have received extensive attention. however, the impacts of bde209 on the antioxidant defense system in terrestrial organisms remain vague. therefore, indoor incubation tests were performed systematically on control and contaminated soil samples to determine the effects of bde209 on the antioxidant system of earthworm eisenia fetida. the re ... | 2014 | 25016100 |
| the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of metalaxy-m on earthworms (eisenia fetida). | as the main optical isomer of metalaxyl, metalaxyl-m has been widely used worldwide in recent years because of its notable effect on the prevention and control of crop diseases. together with the toxicity and degradation of metalaxyl-m, the chemical has attracted the attention of researchers. the present study examined the toxic effects of metalaxyl-m on earthworms at 0 mg kg(-1) , 0.1 mg kg(-1) , 1 mg kg(-1) , and 3 mg kg(-1) on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after exposure. the results showed that meta ... | 2014 | 25043480 |
| inhibition effect of glyphosate on the acute and subacute toxicity of cadmium to earthworm eisenia fetida. | the acute and subacute toxicities of cadmium (cd) to earthworm eisenia fetida in the presence and absence of glyphosate were studied. although cd is highly toxic to e. fetida, the presence of glyphosate markedly reduced the acute toxicity of cd to earthworm; both the mortality rate of the earthworms and the accumulation of cd decreased with the increase of the glyphosate/cd molar ratio. the subcellular distribution of cd in e. fetida tissues showed that internal cd was dominant in the intact cel ... | 2014 | 25043609 |
| toxicity and bioaccumulation of ethofumesate enantiomers in earthworm eisenia fetida. | earthworms represent an important food source for many vertebrates and as a result, predators may encounter toxic effects via the food chain from consumption of contaminated worms. therefore, including an assessment of xenobiotic to worms in risk assessment procedures is advisable. here we studied the acute toxicity, bioaccumulation and elimination of ethofumesate enantiomers in earthworm, eisenia fetida, in a soil. a slight difference in toxicity to earthworm between two enantiomers was found, ... | 2014 | 25048902 |
| combined toxicity of butachlor, atrazine and λ-cyhalothrin on the earthworm eisenia fetida by combination index (ci)-isobologram method. | pesticides in the environment do not appear singly and usually occur as complex mixtures and their combined effect may exhibit toxicity to organisms. the individual and combined toxicities of two herbicides, atrazine and butachlor and an insecticide λ-cyhalothrin have been examined to the earthworm eisenia fetida, as a non-target terrestrial organism, in artificial soil and filter paper tests. the order of toxicity for the individual pesticides was ranked as atrazine>λ-cyhalothrin>butachlor in b ... | 2014 | 25048932 |
| can the use of medical muds cause genotoxicity in eukaryotic cells? a trial using comet assay. | despite the lack of knowledge of their exact effects, peloids (natural muds) are widely applied in clinical treatment and prevention of different diseases, especially in rheumatic and gynecological disorders or skin diseases. primarily we have information on their inorganic components, but only limited data are available on the organic components and nothing on their mechanism of chemical action. the objective of the present study was to detect the dna-damaging effects (possible genotoxic effect ... | 2015 | 25063339 |
| bioactive proteins and peptides isolated from chinese medicines with pharmaceutical potential. | some protein pharmaceuticals from chinese medicine have been developed to treat cardiovascular diseases, genetic diseases, and cancer. bioactive proteins with various pharmacological properties have been successfully isolated from animals such as hirudo medicinalis (medicinal leech), eisenia fetida (earthworm), and mesobuthus martensii (chinese scorpion), and from herbal medicines derived from species such as cordyceps militaris, ganoderma, momordica cochinchinensis, viscum album, poria cocos, s ... | 2014 | 25067942 |
| towards understanding the stabilization process in vermicomposting using parafac analysis of fluorescence spectra. | in this study, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (eem) combined with parallel factor analysis (parafac) was employed to trace the behavior of water extractable organic matter and assess the stabilization process during vermicomposting of sewage sludge and cattle dung. experiments using different mixing ratios of sewage sludge and cattle dung were conducted using eisenia fetida. the results showed that vermicomposting reduced the doc, doc/don ratio and ammonia, while increased the nitrate c ... | 2014 | 25068534 |
| toxicological responses of the earthworm eisenia fetida to 18-crown-6 under laboratory conditions. | the earthworm eisenia fetida was exposed to artificial soil supplemented with 18-crown-6 (1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane) to investigate its effects on earthworm mortality, growth, avoidance, burrowing behavior and respiration. the results revealed that 18-crown-6 had the potential to negatively affect the behavior of earthworms. the 7-d lc50 was 585 mg kg(-1) soil. avoidance behavior was the most sensitive endpoint, with a 48-h ec50 of 120 mg kg(-1) soil. growth, burrow length and respir ... | 2014 | 25100182 |
| bioremediation of distillery sludge into soil-enriching material through vermicomposting with the help of eisenia fetida. | the aim of the present study was bioremediation of distillery sludge into a soil-enriching material. it was mixed with a complementary waste, cattle dung, and subjected to vermicomposting with (v) and without (t, control) eisenia fetida in the ratio of 0:100 % (v1, t1), 10:90 (v2, t2), 25:75 (v3, t3), 50:50 (v4, t4), 75:25 (v5, t5) and 100:0 % (v6, t6), respectively. survival rate, growth rate, onset of maturity, cocoon production and population build-up increased with increasing ratio of cattle ... | 2014 | 25113550 |
| effect of triclosan on reproduction, dna damage and heat shock protein gene expression of the earthworm eisenia fetida. | triclosan (tcs) is released into the terrestrial environment via the application of sewage sludge and reclaimed water to agricultural land. more attention has been paid to its effect on non-target soil organisms. in the present study, chronic toxic effects of tcs on earthworms at a wide range of concentrations were investigated. the reproduction, dna damage, and expression levels of heat shock protein (hsp70) gene of earthworms were studied as toxicity endpoints. the results showed that the repr ... | 2014 | 25134678 |
| anti-elastase, anti-tyrosinase and matrix metalloproteinase-1 inhibitory activity of earthworm extracts as potential new anti-aging agent. | to examine whether earthworms of eisenia fetida, lumbricus rubellus and eudrilus eugeniae extracts have elastase, tyrosinase and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (mmp-1) inhibitory activity. | 2014 | 25183109 |
| ecotoxicological evaluation of sewage sludge contaminated with zinc oxide nanoparticles. | the objective of this work was to evaluate the ecotoxicological qualitative risk associated with the use of sewage sludge containing zn oxide nanoparticles (zno-nps) as soil amendment. a sludge-untreated soil and two sludge-treated soils were spiked with zno-nps (0-1,000 mg/kg soil). soil ecotoxicity was assessed with eisenia fetida (acute and sublethal end points), and the unfilterable and filterable (0.02 μm) soil leachates were tested with a battery of biomarkers using chlorella vulgaris, dap ... | 2014 | 25185842 |
| evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticle toxicity in sludge products applied to agricultural soil using multispecies soil systems. | to study the environmental impact of nanoparticles, the sludges of wastewater (wwts) and water treatment (wts) plants enriched with zno nanoparticles were added to agricultural soil, and the toxic effects of the nanoparticles were studied using a microcosm system based on the soil. the wwts treated soils were characterised by statistically significant decreases (p<0.05) in vicia sativa germination at the lowest (76.2%) and medium (95.2%) application rates, decreases in the fresh biomass for trit ... | 2014 | 25194764 |
| effects of combined composting and vermicomposting of waste sludge on arsenic fate and bioavailability. | composting and vermicomposting are traditional processes for the treatment of sludge. during these processes, the humification of organic matter has a significant effect on the physicochemical form and distribution of heavy metals. in this study, industrial sludge (groundwater treatment waste) contaminated by arsenic (396 ± 1 mg kg(-1)) was used. such sludge poses a significant challenge with respect to effective treatment. composting, vermicomposting (with eisenia fetida), and the combined appr ... | 2014 | 25209831 |
| vermiremediation of heavy metals in wastewater sludge from paper and pulp industry using earthworm eisenia fetida. | this work presents the results of removing heavy metals from paper mill wastewater (pms) sludge spiked with cow dung (cd) employing eisenia fetida. a total of seven set-ups were prepared: cd (100 percent), pms: cd (1:3), pms:cd (1:2), pms:cd (1:1), pms (100 percent), pms:cd (3:1) and pms:cd (2:1) and changes in chemical parameters were observed for 60 days. vermistabilization caused the significant decrease in the level of cd (32-37 percent), cr (47.3-80.9 percent), cu (68.8-88.4 percent), and p ... | 2014 | 25215882 |
| potentiality of eisenia fetida to degrade disposable paper cups-an ecofriendly solution to solid waste pollution. | the aim of the present study was to subject the post-consumer waste, namely paper cups for vermicomposting along with cow dung in three different ratios for a period of 90-140 days employing eisenia fetida. the post-consumer wastes are a menace in many developing countries including india. this waste was provided as feed for earthworms and was converted to vermicompost. vermicompost prepared with paper cup waste was analyzed for their physicochemical properties. based on the physicochemical prop ... | 2015 | 25220767 |
| a comparative study for pathogen removal using different filter media during vermifiltration. | the present study focuses on the effect of filter media (riverbed gravel, mud balls, coal and glass balls) for the removal of pathogens during vermifiltration of domestic wastewater. this novel study was conducted for the first time on different vermifilters (vfs) with different media, and pathogen removal was extensively investigated for a period of 3 months. results indicated that vermifilter with riverbed material (vfr) showed maximum biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand remov ... | 2014 | 25259487 |
| penicillium sp. as an organism that degrades endosulfan and reduces its genotoxic effects. | endosulfan is an organochloride and persistent pesticide that has caused concern because of its impact in the environment and its toxicity to and bioaccumulation in living organisms. in this study, we isolated an endosulfan-degrading fungus from the activated sludge from an industrial wastewater treatment plant. through repetitive enrichment and successive subculture in media containing endosulfan as the sole carbon source, a fungus designated che 23 was isolated. based on a phylogenetic analysi ... | 2014 | 25279327 |
| chronic pfos exposure alters the expression of neuronal development-related human homologues in eisenia fetida. | pfos is a toxic, persistent environmental pollutant which is widespread worldwide. pfos contamination has entered the food chain and is interfering with normal development in man and is neurotoxic, hepatotoxic and tumorigenic. the earthworm, eisenia fetida is one of the organisms which can help to diagnose soil health and contamination at lower levels in the food chain. studying the chronic effects of sub-lethal pfos exposure in such an organism is therefore appropriate. as pfos bioaccumulates a ... | 2014 | 25285771 |
| towards understanding the effects of additives on the vermicomposting of sewage sludge. | this work evaluated the effects of additives on the chemical properties of the final products (vermicompost) from vermicomposting of sewage sludge and the adaptable characteristics of eisenia fetida during the process. an experimental design with different ratios of sewage sludge and the additives (cattle dung or pig manure) was conducted. the results showed that the vermicomposting reduced total organic carbon and the quotient of total organic carbon to total nitrogen (c/n ratio) of the initial ... | 2015 | 25328094 |
| biomarker responses in earthworms (eisenia fetida) to soils contaminated with di-n-butyl phthalates. | di-n-butyl phthalates (dbp) are recognized as ubiquitous contaminants in soil and adversely impact the health of organisms. changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and levels of glutathione-s-transferase (gst), glutathione (gsh), and malondialdehyde (mda) were used as biomarkers to evaluate the impact of dbp on earthworms (eisenia fetida) after exposure to dbp for 28 days. dbp was added to artificial soil in the amounts of 0, 5, 10, 50, and 100 mg kg(-1) of soil. earthworm tissues exposed ... | 2015 | 25328097 |
| effects of benzo[a]pyrene on growth, the antioxidant system, and dna damage in earthworms (eisenia fetida) in 2 different soil types under laboratory conditions. | the aims of the present study were to compare the toxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene (bap) and to screen for rapid and sensitive biomarkers that can be used to assess the environmental risks of bap in earthworms in different natural soil types. the authors exposed eisenia fetida to 2 types of soil (red soil and fluvo-aquic soil) spiked with different concentrations (0 mg kg(-1), 1 mg kg(-1), 10 mg kg(-1), 100 mg kg(-1), and 500 mg kg(-1)) of bap for 7 d or 14 d. benzo[a]pyrene-induced weight variat ... | 2015 | 25331318 |
| direct, rapid and sustainable vermicomposting of the leaf litter of neem (azadirachta indica). | the recently developed concept of high rate vermicomposting was successfully used to enable direct vermicomoposting of neem leaves-without any pre-composting or cow dung supplementation as previously reported processes had necessitated. all the three epigeic species of earthworms that were explored, eudrilus eugeniae, eisenia fetida and perionyx excavatus, provided efficient vermicast production with no mortality, persistent gain in body mass and good fecundity over the 16 months long period of ... | 2015 | 25344437 |
| activity of earthworm in latosol under simulated acid rain stress. | acid rain is still an issue of environmental concerns. this study investigated the impacts of simulated acid rain (sar) upon earthworm activity from the latosol (acidic red soil). laboratory experiment was performed by leaching the soil columns grown with earthworms (eisenia fetida) at the sar ph levels ranged from 2.0 to 6.5 over a 34-day period. results showed that earthworms tended to escape from the soil and eventually died for the sar at ph = 2.0 as a result of acid toxicity. the catalase a ... | 2015 | 25351717 |
| epr detection of hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative perturbations in lead-exposed earthworms (eisenia fetida) in the presence of decabromodiphenyl ether. | lead (pb) and decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) are the main contaminants at e-waste recycling sites, and their potential toxicological effects on terrestrial organisms have received extensive attention. however, the impacts on the oxidative perturbations and hydroxyl radical (·oh) generation in earthworms of exposure to the two chemicals remain almost unknown. therefore, indoor incubation tests were performed on control and contaminated soil samples to determine the effects of pb in earthworms e ... | 2015 | 25373545 |
| fate and effects of clothianidin in fields using conservation practices. | despite the extensive use of the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin, and its known toxicity to beneficial insects such as pollinators, little attention has been given to its fate under agricultural field conditions. the present study investigated the fate and toxicity of clothianidin applied every other year as a corn seed-coating at 2 different rates, 0.25 mg/seed and 0.50 mg/seed, in an agricultural field undergoing a corn-soybean annual rotation, and conservation tillage. concentrations w ... | 2015 | 25376402 |
| both released silver ions and particulate ag contribute to the toxicity of agnps to earthworm eisenia fetida. | to disentangle the contribution of ionic and nanoparticulate ag to the overall toxicity to the earthworm eisenia fetida, a semi-permeable membrane strategy was used to separate ag(+) released from silver nanoparticles (agnps) in an aqueous exposure. internal ag fractionation, activities of antioxidant enzymes and metabolites in e. fetida were determined after 96 h of exposure to two sizes of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated agnps. the response of the antioxidant system combined with the content of ma ... | 2015 | 25387252 |
| earthworm symbiont verminephrobacter eiseniae mediates natural transformation within host egg capsules using type iv pili. | the dense microbial communities commonly associated with plants and animals should offer many opportunities for horizontal gene transfer through described mechanisms of dna exchange including natural transformation (nt). however, studies of the significance of nt have focused primarily on pathogens. the study presented here demonstrates highly efficient dna exchange by nt in a common symbiont of earthworms. the obligate bacterial symbiont verminephrobacter eiseniae is a member of a microbial con ... | 2014 | 25400622 |
| bioavailability of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) and perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) in biosolids-amended soils to earthworms (eisenia fetida). | the bioavailability of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) and perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) in seven biosolids-amended soils without any additionally spiking to earthworms (eisenia fetida) was studied. the uptake and elimination kinetics of pfos and pfoa fit a one-compartment first-order kinetic model. pfos displayed higher uptake and lower elimination rate coefficients, and longer time to reach steady-state (t(ss)) than those of pfoa. the bioaccumulation factors (bafs) of pfos and pfoa ranged 1.5 ... | 2015 | 25439283 |
| toxicity of mixtures of λ-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid and cadmium on the earthworm eisenia fetida by combination index (ci)-isobologram method. | contaminants in the environment do not appear singly and usually occur as mixtures. we applied the combination index (ci)-isobologram method which allows computerized quantitation of synergism, additive effect and antagonism to determine the nature of toxicological interactions of two pesticides λ-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and heavy metal cadmium towards earthworm eisenia fetida. in an artificial soil test, λ-cyhalothrin and cd combination was slightly synergistic at low effect levels which tur ... | 2015 | 25450940 |
| responses of earthworms to repeated exposure to three biocides applied singly and as a mixture in an agricultural field. | the study aimed at investigating effects of three differently acting biocides; the insecticide esfenvalerate, the fungicide picoxystrobin and the bactericide triclosan, applied individually and as a mixture, on an earthworm community in the field. a concentration-response design was chosen and results were analyzed using univariate and multivariate approaches. effects on juvenile proportions were less pronounced and more variable than effects on abundance, but effects in general were species- an ... | 2015 | 25461024 |
| effects of acute gamma radiation on the reproductive ability of the earthworm eisenia fetida. | earthworms are the most suitable biological indicators of radioactive pollution because they are the parts of nutritional webs, and are present in relatively high numbers. four months old eisenia fetida were exposed to different doses of gamma radiation, namely 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 & 60 gy to study the effects of radiation on different reproductive parameters. the number of cocoons laid and the hatchlings emerged were recorded for all the selected doses. there was n ... | 2015 | 25461510 |
| reproductive responses of the earthworm (eisenia fetida) to antiparasitic albendazole exposure. | albendazole (abz) is a veterinary drug with a high efficiency against helminths. here reproductive responses of earthworms eisenia fetida to abz exposure (0, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mg kg(-1) soil dry weight) were investigated for 56 d in chronic reproduction test, and deformed sperm were counted and morphological alterations in the seminal vesicles were qualitatively assessed by light and transmission electron microscopy. results have showed that cocoon number of earthworms was more sensitive to low ... | 2015 | 25462294 |
| effect of malachite green toxicity on non target soil organisms. | although malachite green (mg), is banned in europe and us for its carcinogenic and teratogenic effect, the dye being cheap, is persistently used in various countries for fish farming, silk, dye, leather and textile industries. current research, however, fails to elucidate adequate knowledge concerning the effects of mg in our ecosystem. in the present investigation, for the first time, an attempt has been made to study the effects of mg on soil biota by testing bacillus subtilis, azotobacter chr ... | 2015 | 25462308 |
| enantioselective bioactivity, acute toxicity and dissipation in vegetables of the chiral triazole fungicide flutriafol. | the enantioselective bioactivity, acute toxicity and stereoselective degradation of the chiral triazole fungicide flutriafol in vegetables were investigated for the first time using the (r)-, (s)- and rac-flutriafol. the order of the bioactivity against five target pathogens (rhizoctonia solani, alternaria solani, pyricularia grisea, gibberella zeae, botrytis cinerea) was found to be (r)-flutriafol>rac-flutriafol>(s)-flutriafol. the fungicidal activity of (r)-flutriafol was 1.49-6.23 times highe ... | 2015 | 25463219 |
| ternary toxicological interactions of insecticides, herbicides, and a heavy metal on the earthworm eisenia fetida. | the combined toxicities of five insecticides (chlorpyrifos, avermectin, imidacloprid, λ-cyhalothrin, and phoxim), two herbicides (atrazine and butachlor), and a heavy metal (cadmium) have been examined using the acute toxicity test on the earthworm. with a concentration of 2.75 mg/kg being lethal for 50% of the organisms, imidacloprid exhibited the highest acute toxicity toward the earthworm eisenia fetida. toxicological interactions of these chemicals in ternary mixtures were studied using the ... | 2015 | 25463238 |
| uptake and retention of radio-caesium in earthworms cultured in soil contaminated by the fukushima nuclear power plant accident. | to understand the effects of radionuclides on non-human biota and the environment, it is essential to study the intake and metabolism of radio-isotopes in earthworms which are among the most important soil organisms, and eisenia fetida, which were used in this study, are known to be sufficiently sensitive to chemicals and representative of common earthworms. in this study, we assessed the concentration ratios, uptake and retention, absorbed dose rate, and distribution of radio-caesium in earthwo ... | 2015 | 25464049 |
| uptake and depuration kinetics of lead (pb) and biomarker responses in the earthworm eisenia fetida after simultaneous exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209). | lead (pb) and bde209 (decabromodiphenyl ether) are the main contaminants at e-waste recycling sites, and their potential toxicological effects on terrestrial organisms have received extensive attention. however, the impact on earthworms of exposure to the two chemicals remains almost unknown. therefore, indoor incubation tests were performed on control and contaminated soil samples to determine the uptake and toxicity of pb in the presence of bde209 to the earthworm eisenia fetida. the results h ... | 2015 | 25483371 |
| utilizing heavy metal-laden water hyacinth biomass in vermicomposting. | we studied the efficiency of water treatment by water hyacinth (eichhornia crassipes) from heavy metals (zn, cd, pb, cu), as well as a possibility of using water hyacinth biomass obtained during treatment for vermicomposting by eisenia fetida and the vermicompost quality in a model experiment. the results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the trials with water hyacinth decreased within 35 days. we introduced water hyacinth biomass to the organic substrate for vermicomposting, whic ... | 2015 | 25501861 |
| bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl acids by earthworms (eisenia fetida) exposed to contaminated soils. | the presence of perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) in biosolids-amended and aqueous film-forming foam (afff)-impacted soils results in two potential pathways for movement of these environmental contaminants into terrestrial foodwebs. uptake of pfaas by earthworms (eisenia fetida) exposed to unspiked soils with varying levels of pfaas (a control soil, an industrially impacted biosolids-amended soil, a municipal biosolids-amended soil, and two afff-impacted soils) was measured. standard 28 day exposure ... | 2015 | 25517891 |
| a site-specific ecological risk assessment for corn-associated insecticides. | a site-specific ecological risk assessment (era) was conducted to examine the simultaneous use of genetically modified corn (bt corn) with a neonicotinoid seed coating, clothianidin, and use of a granular insecticide, tefluthrin, to protect crops from pest damage. a field study was conducted on site, and exposure data from the literature were summarized to determine the matrices and exposure concentrations that nontarget species could typically experience within an agricultural ecosystem. to det ... | 2015 | 25557061 |
| toxicity of a neonicotinoid insecticide, guadipyr, in earthworm (eisenia fetida). | neonicotinoid insecticides are new class of pesticides and it is very meaningful to evaluate the toxicity of guadipyr to earthworm (eisenia fetida). in the present study, effects of guadipyr on reproduction, growth, catalase(cat), superoxide dismutase (sod), acetylcholinesterase (ache) and dna damage in earthworm were assessed using an artificial soil medium. guadipyr showed low toxicity to earthworms and did not elicit an effect on earthworm reproduction or growth in artificial soils at concent ... | 2015 | 25594687 |
| joint toxicity of chlorpyrifos, atrazine, and cadmium at lethal concentrations to the earthworm eisenia fetida. | contaminants in the environment often occur as complex mixtures, and their combined effect may exhibit toxicity to organisms. risk assessments based on individual components tend to underestimate the effects associated with toxic action of mixtures. toxicity studies on chemical mixtures are urgently required to assess their potential combined toxicities. the combination index (ci)-isobologram method was used to study chemical interactions to determine the nature of toxicological interactions of ... | 2015 | 25595933 |
| growth inhibition and altered gene transcript levels in earthworms (eisenia fetida) exposed to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether. | the toxic effects of the ubiquitous pollutant 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (bde-47) on the earthworm eisenia fetida were assessed by determining growth-inhibition and gene transcript levels of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione transferase (gst), and transcriptional changes of the stress-response gene (heat-shock protein 70 [hsp70]). somatic growth and growth-inhibition rates in all bde-47-treated groups were significantly different from those of the controls. the sod ... | 2015 | 25600924 |
| influence of bioaugmentation on biodegradation of phenanthrene-contaminated soil by earthworm in lab scale. | use of earthworm to eliminate the phenanthrene from the soil (bioaccumulation) is developed as an economical method. bioaugmentation of microorganism was used for promotion of bioaccumulation by earthworm. the aim of this study was to determine the bioaccumulation or biodegradation of phenanthrene by eisenia fetida and bacterial consortium in polluted soil. | 2014 | 25606345 |
| inhibition and recovery of biomarkers of earthworm eisenia fetida after exposure to thiacloprid. | thiacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, has been used widely in agriculture worldwide. in recent years, the adverse effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on non-target organisms have attracted more and more attention. in the present study, effects of thiacloprid on molecular biomarkers (gst, care, cat, sod, pod, and dna damage) of earthworm eisenia fetida were investigated using the artificial oecd soil for the first time. earthworms were exposed to thiacloprid (1 and 3 mg/kg) for 7, 14, and 2 ... | 2015 | 25613803 |
| metal remediation and biodegradation potential of earthworm species on municipal solid waste: a parallel analysis between metaphire posthuma and eisenia fetida. | information on vermicomposting with metaphire posthuma is scanty. this paper, therefore, aims to evaluate the bioconversion efficiency of this species against eiseniafetida. for comparative analysis, different combinations of municipal solid waste (msw) and cow dung were used as substrates. the contents of total n and availability of p, k, and fe increased significantly in both metaphire and eisenia systems which was accompanied by substantial reduction in ph and total organic c. both species ex ... | 2015 | 25616236 |
| effects of silver nanoparticles to soil invertebrates: oxidative stress biomarkers in eisenia fetida. | silver nanoparticles (ag-nps) are among the most produced nps worldwide having several applications in consumer products. ag-nps are known to cause oxidative stress in several organisms and cell lines, however comparatively less information is available regarding their effects on soil living invertebrates. the purpose of this study was to investigate if ag-nps cause oxidative stress on soil invertebrates. the model soil species eisenia fetida was used. our results showed that total glutathione ( ... | 2015 | 25618366 |
| potential utilization of bagasse as feed material for earthworm eisenia fetida and production of vermicompost. | in the present work bagasse (b) i.e waste of the sugar industry, was fed to eisenia fetida with cattle dung (cd) support as feed material at various ratios (waste: cd) of 0:100 (b0), 25:75 (b25), 50:50 (b50), 75:25 (b75) and 100:0 (b100) on dry weight basis. co-composting with cattle dung helped to improve their acceptability for e. fetida and also improved physico-chemical characteristics. best appropriate ratio for survival, maximum growth and population buildup of e. fetida was determined by ... | 2015 | 25625035 |
| the synergistic toxicity of the multiple chemical mixtures: implications for risk assessment in the terrestrial environment. | the combined toxicity of five insecticides (chlorpyrifos, avermectin, imidacloprid, λ-cyhalothrin, and phoxim), two herbicides (atrazine and butachlor) and a heavy metal (cadmium) has been examined with the earthworm acute toxicity test. toxicological interactions of these chemicals in four, five, six, seven, and eight-component mixtures were studied using the combination-index (ci) equation method. in four-component and five-component mixtures, the synergistic effects predominated at lower effe ... | 2015 | 25667058 |
| highly selective biomarkers for pesticides developed in eisenia fetida using seldi-tof ms. | the repeated use of pesticides, and their subsequent residues, has contributed to severe adverse effects on the environment, including risks to human health. therefore, it is important to assess the quality of the environment to ensure it remains free from pesticide residues. the six pesticides tested in this study showed high mortality on eisenia fetida with lc50 values ranging from 7.7 to 37.9 g l(-1). the strongest lethal effect resulted from the organochlorine insecticide endosulfan (lc50=7. ... | 2015 | 25682009 |
| evaluation of dna damage and antioxidant system induced by di-n-butyl phthalates exposure in earthworms (eisenia fetida). | di-n-butyl phthalates (dbp) are recognized as ubiquitous contaminants in soil and adversely impact the health of organisms. the effect of dbp on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, sod; catalase, cat), malondialdehyde (mda) content and dna damage were used as biomarkers to analyze the relationship between dna damage and oxidative stress and to evaluate the genotoxic effect of dbp on earthworms (eisenia fetida). dbp was added to artificial soil in the amounts of 0, 5, 10, 5 ... | 2015 | 25682584 |
| the effect of seasonal temperature on pathogen removal efficacy of vermifilter for wastewater treatment. | the present study explored the effects of seasonal temperature on the treatment efficiency and pathogen removal efficacy from synthetic domestic wastewater, earthworm population characteristics and microbial population in the filter media of a lab-scale vermifilter (vf). the experimental phase lasted for one year and daily mean room temperature showed a difference of 2-16 °c between winter (dec-feb), spring (mar-may), summer (jun-aug) and autumn (sep-nov) periods. the results showed that variati ... | 2015 | 25720670 |
| long-term toxic effects of deltamethrin and fenvalerante in soil. | in this study, the long-term toxic effects of pyrethroids on the earthworm eisenia fetida were evaluated. earthworms were exposed to moist filter paper and soil for 14 days to evaluate the survival, exposed to soil for 56 days to assess the reproductive success and for 28 days to identify the cytotoxicity. results showed that the earthworm survival rate decreased with increasing the concentration of either deltamethrin or fenvalerate in both filter paper test and soil test. no worms survived at ... | 2015 | 25725337 |
| tracking the composition and transformation of humic and fulvic acids during vermicomposting of sewage sludge by elemental analysis and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix. | sewage sludge (t1) and the mixture of sewage sludge and cattle dung (t2) were vermicomposted with eisenia fetida, respectively. the transformation of humic acid (ha) and fulvic acid (fa) extracted from these two treatments were evaluated by a series of chemical and spectroscopic methods. results indicated that the vermicomposting decreased ph, toc, and c/n ratio, and increased ec, total extractable c, and ha contents. the fa content in treatment t1 was increased significantly, and only slight in ... | 2015 | 25736580 |
| establishment of toxicity thresholds in subpopulations of coelomocytes (amoebocytes vs. eleocytes) of eisenia fetida exposed in vitro to a variety of metals: implications for biomarker measurements. | coelomocytes comprise the immune system of earthworms and due to their sensitivity responding to a wide range of pollutants have been widely used as target cells in soil ecotoxicology. recently, in vitro assays with primary cultures of coelomocytes based in the neutral red uptake (nru) assay have been developed as promising tools for toxicity assessment chemical in a reproducible and cost-effective manner. however, nru showed a bimodal dose-response curve previously described after in vivo and i ... | 2015 | 25762103 |
| acute toxicological effects on the earthworm eisenia fetida of 18 common pharmaceuticals in artificial soil. | following soil applications of recycled water and biosolids, pharmaceutical residues can eventually enter the terrestrial environment. in vitro and in vivo assays have largely focused on the acute ecotoxicity of these compounds in aquatic systems. however, studies on the ecotoxicological effects of pharmaceuticals in soil biota are especially scarce. the aim of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of 18 pharmaceuticals (4 nsaids, 5 blood lipid-lowering agents, 6 β-blockers and 3 anti ... | 2015 | 25765375 |
| vermistabilization of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l) waste produced from sugar factory using earthworm eisenia fetida: genotoxic assessment by allium cepa test. | in the present study, sugar beet mud (sbm) and pulp (sbp) produced as a waste by-products of the sugar industry were mixed with cattle dung (cd) at different ratios on dry weight basis for vermicomposting with eisenia fetida. minimum mortality and highest population of worms were observed in 20:80 (sbm20) mixture of sbm and 10:90 (sbp10) ratios. however, increased percentages of wastes significantly affected the growth and fecundity of worms. nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, increase ... | 2015 | 25794577 |
| oxidative damage of naphthenic acids on the eisenia fetida earthworm. | naphthenic acids (nas) have been gaining recognition in recent years as potentially harmful environmental contaminants. few studies have focused on the potential ecotoxicity of nas to terrestrial environment. in this study, the responses of antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation and dna damage were investigated after exposing eisenia fetida to soil contaminated with nas. the results indicated that nas induced a significant increase (p < 0.05) in superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activi ... | 2016 | 25809073 |
| biological response of earthworm, eisenia fetida, to five neonicotinoid insecticides. | earthworms (eisenia fetida) are one of the most abundant terrestrial species, and play an important role in maintaining the ecological function of soil. neonicotinoids are some of the most widely used insecticides applied to crops. studies on the effect of neonicotinoids on e. fetida are limited. in the present work, we evaluated the effects of five neonicotinoid insecticides on reproduction, cellulase activity and the tissues of e. fetida. the results showed that, the lc50 of imidacloprid, acet ... | 2015 | 25828917 |
| an energy budget agent-based model of earthworm populations and its application to study the effects of pesticides. | earthworms are important organisms in soil communities and so are used as model organisms in environmental risk assessments of chemicals. however current risk assessments of soil invertebrates are based on short-term laboratory studies, of limited ecological relevance, supplemented if necessary by site-specific field trials, which sometimes are challenging to apply across the whole agricultural landscape. here, we investigate whether population responses to environmental stressors and pesticide ... | 2014 | 25844009 |
| earthworms as agents for ecotoxicity in roxarsone-contaminated soil ecosystem: a modeling study of ultrastructure and proteomics. | contamination of roxarsone has been recognized as a potential environmental hazard. in this study, eisenia fetida samples were collected after roxarsone exposures to analyze their intestinal epithelium ultrastructure, expression levels of stress-related genes, and proteomics. our results showed that mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in roxarsone-treated earthworms demonstrated variety of damages. furthermore, 149 proteins were displayed in 2-de, and 36 of them were identified by maldi-tof/t ... | 2015 | 25903172 |
| short-term soil bioassays may not reveal the full toxicity potential for nanomaterials; bioavailability and toxicity of silver ions (agno₃) and silver nanoparticles to earthworm eisenia fetida in long-term aged soils. | this study investigated if standard risk assessment hazard tests are long enough to adequately provide the worst case exposure for nanomaterials. this study therefore determined the comparative effects of the aging on the bioavailability and toxicity to earthworms of soils dosed with silver ions and silver nanoparticles (ag np) for 1, 9, 30 & 52 weeks, and related this to the total ag in the soil, ag in soil pore water and earthworm tissue ag concentrations. for ionic ag, a classical pattern of ... | 2015 | 25910462 |
| determination of biomarkers for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) toxicity to earthworm (eisenia fetida). | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) compounds are persistent, carcinogenic, and mutagenic. when pahs enter agricultural soils through sewage sludge, they pose an environmental risk to soil organisms, including earthworms. therefore, we aimed to determine the toxic effects of pahs on earthworms. five pahs were used: fluorene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene. only fluorene and phenanthrene exhibited toxicity (lc50 values 394.09 and 114.02 g l(-1), respectively) against the ear ... | 2015 | 25920560 |
| indication of metal homeostasis disturbance in earthworm eisenia fetida after exposure to semi-solid depot sludge. | treated sewage sludge is commonly used in agriculture as fertilizer. it is, therefore, necessary to determine possible detrimental influences of sludge application on soil contamination and accumulation of contaminants in tissues of terrestrial animals, which in the long run could also have undesirable effects on humans. with that aim, the study was performed using earthworm eisenia fetida as test organism and semi-solid depot sludge from a wastewater treatment plant as exposure media. the conce ... | 2015 | 25931022 |
| scenario-targeted toxicity assessment through multiple endpoint bioassays in a soil posing unacceptable environmental risk according to regulatory screening values. | lanestosa is a chronically polluted site (derelict mine) where the soil (lanestosa (la) soil) exceeds screening values (svs) of regulatory policies in force (basque country; europe) for zn, pb and cd. a scenario-targeted toxicity assessment was carried out on the basis of a multi-endpoint bioassay approach. acute and chronic toxicity bioassays were conducted with selected test species (vibrio fischeri, dictyostelium discoideum, lactuca sativa, raphanus sativus and eisenia fetida) in combination ... | 2015 | 25940475 |
| toxicity and bioaccumulation of bromadiolone to earthworm eisenia fetida. | bromadiolone, a potent second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide, has been extensively used worldwide for the field control of rodents. invertebrates may be at risk from primary poisoning as a result of bromadiolone bait applications. however, there are few data regarding the toxicity and bioaccumulation of bromadiolone to earthworms. in this study, we reported that bromadiolone was toxic to earthworms at 1mg/kg soil, which is a likely concentration in the field following application of bromad ... | 2015 | 25965004 |
| dynamics of microbiological parameters, enzymatic activities and worm biomass production during vermicomposting of effluent treatment plant sludge of bakery industry. | this paper reports the changes in microbial parameters and enzymatic activities during vermicomposting of effluent treatment plant sludge (etps) of bakery industry spiked with cow dung (cd) by eisenia fetida. six vermibins containing different ratios of etps and cd were maintained under controlled laboratory conditions for 15 weeks. total bacterial and total fungal count increased upto 7th week and declined afterward in all the bins. maximum bacterial and fungal count was 31.6 cfu × 10(6) g(-1) ... | 2015 | 25982984 |
| transcriptional responses of earthworm (eisenia fetida) exposed to naphthenic acids in soil. | in this study, earthworms (eisenia fetida) were exposed to commercial nas contaminated soil, and changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ros) and gene expressions of their defense system were monitored. the effects on the gene expression involved in reproduction and carcinogenesis were also evaluated. significant increases in ros levels was observed in nas exposure groups, and the superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase (cat) genes were both up-regulated at low and medium exposure dose ... | 2015 | 25984985 |